jamestown/virginia & maryland. first english attempts 1585/1587 –2 attempts at roanoke colony...
TRANSCRIPT
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Jamestown/Virginia
& Maryland
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First English Attempts
• 1585/1587
–2 attempts at Roanoke Colony
–2nd – “Lost Colony”
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Jamestown—1607
• Virginia Company• Joint stock company• Middle class investors included
• Shared speculation
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Early Jamestown
• John Smith• Aristocrats – primogeniture• “Starving Time” (1609-1610)• Powhatan
–Pocahontas
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Beginnings of prosperity
• John Rolfe – tobacco (1614)• Plantation system
–Headright system–Indentured servitude
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Virginia changes
• House of Burgesses (1619)
• Royal colony (1624)
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Maryland (1634)• Proprietary colony
–George Calvert, Lord Baltimore
• Act of Toleration (1649)
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17th C Chesapeake Society
• Agricultural – few towns• Anglican church
–Few clergy• High death rates• Mostly men (at first)
–Weaker kinship bonds• Tidewater aristocracy control
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Battles between Virginians
• Voting restrictions• Regressive taxation• Rich vs. poor• East (tidewater) vs. west (hills)
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Bacon’s Rebellion-1676
• Causes–Frontier expansion–No frontier protection
–Rich vs. poor–Tidewater v. backcountry
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Nathaniel Bacon
• Wealthy coastal planter• Raised army to fight Indians in
west w/o Berkeley’s consent• Army marched on Jamestown
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Bacon’s Rebellion-1676
• Effects–Berkeley replaced–Tobacco export tax–Colonists realized reliance on world
mkt–More reliance on African labor