lecture 2 hardware ftf aggarwal
TRANSCRIPT
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Taking Mobile Computing to theSkies
Lufthansa wants to
Keep 3,500 pilots
Trained on the latest technology andprocedures
Plugged into the corporate infrastructure
Informed about schedules, weather events,and other facts that affect their jobs
Control costs
Provide Internet access to passengers
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Case Study Questions
1.Are many of Lufthansas challenges identifiedin the case similar to those being
experienced by other businesses in todaysglobal economy? Explain and provide someexamples.
2. What other tangible and intangible benefits,
beyond those identified by Lufthansa, mighta mobile workforce enjoy as a result ofdeploying mobile technologies? Explain.
3. Lufthansa was clearly taking a big risk withtheir decision to deploy notebook computers
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Are many of Lufthansas challenges identifies in the case similarto those being experienced by other businesses in todaysglobal economy? Explain and provide some examples.
While the specifics of each challenge are particular toLufthansas situation, many are shared by other globalorganizations. Examples could include:Provide a mobile workforce with equipment that fits their needs
while it does not get in the way of accomplishing theirobjectives (not only technical specifications, but also upgradesand updates, stability, etc)Distribute training and other non-directly value-adding activitiesduring non-productive periods both to maximize efficiency andreduce downtimeProvide adequate support to mobile operations while keeping atight lid on cost and being able to justify the investmentRedefine processes to accommodate new mobile technologiesand needs of a distributed workforce includingcommunication, meeting and decision making practices
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What other tangible and intangible benefits, beyond those identified byLufthansa, might a mobile workforce enjoy as a result of deploying mobiletechnologies. Explain.
ExamplesIncreased, all-around, communication, both with theorganization and with personal relationships (family, friends,etc). Especially important for a highly mobile workforce such as
airline pilots.Remote access to corporate applications, important sinceincreasingly more of the employees interaction is self-managed(payroll systems, expense reports, etc.)More productive time spent at customer locations andstreamlined order taking and processing
Ability to timely collect and report data on the competitiveenvironment, both for the own organization and competitors(prices, volume, advertising, etc)
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Lufthansa was clearly taking a big risk with their decision to deploy notebookcomputers to their pilots. What steps did they take to manage that riskand what others might be needed in todays business environment?Provide some examples.
Steps taken to manage the risk:Ensured that technical specifications for the equipment wereacceptable to both pilots and the union, given the very specialwork environment they would be used in
Increased the chances of user buy-in by providing convenientalternatives to traditionally cumbersome tasks (such as carryingmanuals and technical documents around)Standardized on a unique hardware and software platform toreduce support and upgrade costsStructured the process in phases, pilot and general deployment,
to both assess feasibility and obtain feedback before massimplementation
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Training users (pilots) in the skills required tooperate and become productive with the new
hardware and applications, if they did nothave them already
Ensure that project analysts and supportpersonnel had the skills required to carry on a
project of this magnitude
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Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4
Group mini case Report &Presentation Due on February 12
Mini case:Delta, Northwest Airlines, and Vancouver
Airport: The business Value of
Customer Self-Service Kiosks (87)
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IT Hardware
Left: The on-board L2 cache.
Right: The Pentium Pro processor core with 5.5 million transistors.
Source: Intel
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Learning Objectives
1. Understand the history and evolutionof computer hardware.
2. Outline the major technologies anduses of computer peripherals for input,output, and storage.
3. Identify and give example of thecomponents and functions of acomputer system.
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Learning Objectives
4. Identify the computer systems andperipherals you would acquire or
recommend for a business of yourchoice, and explain the reasons foryour selections.
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Microcomputer Systems
Personal Computer (PC)microcomputer for use by an individual
Desktop fit on an office desk
Laptop small, portable PC
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Microcomputer Systems
Workstation a powerful, networkedPC for business professionals
Network Server more powerfulmicrocomputers that coordinatetelecommunications and resource
sharing in small networks
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Information Appliances
Hand-held microcomputer devices
Personal digital assistants (PDA)
BlackBerry
Video-game consoles
Internet enabled cellular phones
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceCharacteristics of CPUs and RAM
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Motherboard: componentsbus , chipset, CPU, memory
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Motherboard: chipset
components of the chipset
memory controller
I/O controller
bus controller
cache controller
types of chipsets
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Motherboard: bus system
data bus
address bus
system/control bus
expansion slots
ISA, EISA, VESA,SCSI, PCI, AGP
How local bus works? PCI vs VESABus speeds: Pentium 4 and
AthlonXP
http://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/bus.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/a/address_bus.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/control_bus.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/e/expansion_slot.htmlhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/buses/types/http://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/buses/funcLocal-c.htmlhttp://home.ubalt.edu/abento/640/ithardware/buspci.gifhttp://www.homenethelp.com/web/explain/about-bus-speeds.asphttp://www.intel.com/design/Pentium4/prodbref/http://www.pcstats.com/articleview.cfm?articleID=1352http://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/buses/funcLocal-c.htmlhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/buses/funcLocal-c.htmlhttp://www.pcstats.com/articleview.cfm?articleID=1352http://www.intel.com/design/Pentium4/prodbref/http://www.homenethelp.com/web/explain/about-bus-speeds.asphttp://home.ubalt.edu/abento/640/ithardware/buspci.gifhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/buses/funcLocal-c.htmlhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/buses/types/http://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/e/expansion_slot.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/control_bus.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/a/address_bus.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/bus.html -
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Whats a BUS?
A collection of wires through which data istransmitted from one part of a computer toanother.
A bus connects all the internal computercomponents to the CPU and main memory.There's also an expansion bus that enablesexpansion boards to access the CPU and
memoryEvery bus has a clock speed measured inMHz
http://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/data.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/computer.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/CPU.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/CPU.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/CPU.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/main_memory.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/expansion_bus.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/expansion_board.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/bit.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/32_bit.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/32_bit.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/clock_speed.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/MHz.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/MHz.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/clock_speed.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/32_bit.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/32_bit.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/bit.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/expansion_board.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/expansion_bus.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/main_memory.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/CPU.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/CPU.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/CPU.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/computer.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/b/data.html -
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All buses consist of two parts -- an addressbus and a data bus. The data bus transfersactual data whereas the address bus
transfers information about where the datashould go.
The size of a bus, known as its width, isdetermines how much data can be
transmitted at one time. For example, a 16-bit bus can transmit 16 bits of data, whereasa 32-bit bus can transmit 32 bits of data.
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Semiconductor memory
Microelectronic semiconductor memorychips
Used for primary storageAdvantage:
Small size
Fast
Shock and temperature resistance
Disadvantage:
Volatility: must have uninterrupted electric
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Two types of semiconductormemory
RAM: random access memory
Most widely used primary storage medium
Volatile memory Read/write memory
ROM: read only memory
Permanent storage Can be read but cannot be overwritten
Frequently used programs burnt into chips
during manufacturing
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Bit and Byte
Bit (short for binary digit)
Smallest element of data
Either zero or one
Byte
Group of eight bits which operate as a
single unit Represents one character or number
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Representing characters in bytes
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Computers use binary system tocalculate
Decimal
Octal
Binary
ASCII
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Measuring storage capacities
Kilobyte (KB): one thousand bytes
Megabyte (MB): one million bytes
Gigabyte (GB): one billion bytes
Terabyte (TB): one trillion bytes
Petabyte (PB): one quadrillion bytes
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Main Memory
basic concepts
memory banks (0,1,2): 64 Meg to 1 Gig
SIMMs (single in-line memory modules), DIMMS (dual in-
line memory modules), SDRAM (synchronous DRAM) SIMMs older, DIMMS old, SDRAM newer PCs
additional references
Upgrading memory
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Updating Memory
RAM is sold in the form of chipscontained on small circuit boards called
memory modules.
Most PCs have three DIMM sockets ontheir motherboards, and one or two ofthem are usually free. Adding RAM is assimple as plugging in new DIMMs
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Disk drives
Hard-drives
Overview
Speed
Interfaces: IDE, SCSI, SATA, IDE vs SCSI
CD and DVD
basics: CD standard and DVDstandards
x
A measurement of CD or DVD drive speed. Each x translates toeither 153,600 bytes of data per second, the data rate of the CD-audio or 1,250,000 bytes per second, the data rate of the DVD-video.
USB flash drives
Overview
http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/index.htmhttp://www.tomshardware.com/storage/20020806/index.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SCSI.htmlhttp://www.tomshardware.com/storage/20020812/http://www.acc.umu.se/~sagge/scsi_ide/http://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/harddrive.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/c/CD_ROM.htmhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/DVD.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Hardware_Software/2003/DVDFormatsExplained.asphttp://www.usbflashdrive.org/usbfd_overview.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.usbflashdrive.org/usbfd_overview.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Hardware_Software/2003/DVDFormatsExplained.asphttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/DVD.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/c/CD_ROM.htmhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/cdrwdvd.htmlhttp://www.worldzone.net/computer/computerbasics/harddrive.htmlhttp://www.acc.umu.se/~sagge/scsi_ide/http://www.tomshardware.com/storage/20020812/http://www.tomshardware.com/storage/20020812/http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SCSI.htmlhttp://www.tomshardware.com/storage/20020806/index.htmlhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/index.htmhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/index.htm -
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Magnetic Disks
Used for secondary storage
Fast access and high storage capacity
Source: Quantum. Source: Corbis.
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Types of magnetic disks
Floppy disks
Magnetic disk inside a plastic jacket
Hard disk drives
Magnetic disk, access arms, and read/write headsin sealed module
RAID (Redundant arrays of independent disks)
Disk arrays of interconnected hard disk drives Fault tolerant with multiple copies on several disks
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Optical Disks
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Uses of optical disks
Image processing
Long term storage of historical files of
images Scan documents and store on optical disks
Publishing medium for fast access to
reference materials Catalogs, directories, etc.
Interactive multimedia applications
Video games, educational videos, etc.
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Disk drive performance
Fragmentation
Compression.
CacheSwap file (paging file)
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Fragmentation
Fragmentation means two things:
File fragmentation:
a condition in which individual files on a disk are notcontiguous but are broken up in pieces scatteredaround the disk;
Data Fragmentation:
a condition in which the free space on a disk consistsof little bits of free space here and there rather thanonly one or a few free spaces.
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Compression
Zip
Winzip
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Example
In John F. Kennedy's 1961 inaugural address,he delivered this famous line:"Ask not what your country can do for you --
ask what you can do for your country."
The quote has 17 words, made up of 61 letters,16 spaces, one dash and one period. If each
letter, space or punctuation mark takes upone unit ofmemory, we get a total file size of79 units. To get the file size down, we needto look for redundancies.
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"ask" appears two times"what" appears two times
"your" appears two times
"country" appears two times
"can" appears two times
"do" appears two times
"for" appears two times
"you" appears two times our dictionary:
ask what your country can do for you
Our sentence now reads:
"1 not 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -- 1 2 8 5 6 7 3 4"
"Ask not what your country can do for you -- ask whatyou can do for your country."
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"Ask not what your country can do for you -- ask whatyou can do for your country."
full phrase takes up 79 units.
Our compressed sentence (including
spaces) takes up 37 units, and thedictionary (words and numbers) alsotakes up 37 units. This gives us a file
size of 74, so we haven't reduced thefile size by very much.
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Others
graphics cards:
monitors: resolution, size, analog vs.
digitalprinters: ink, laser, color, speed.
Modems: phone lines, cable and DSL
scanners
digital cameras
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceConnecting Devices
Connecting devices enable your hardware tocommunicate with each other.
Busses system and expansion.
Expansion slots and cards.
Ports and connectors USB, serial, parallel,and IrDA
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceConnecting Devices
Hardware: Your Physical
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Hardware: Your PhysicalInterface
Parallel port
Serial port
USB port
Keyboard and mouse ports
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceConnecting Devices
Popular connectors include: USB(universal serial bus)the most
popular means of connecting devices to a
computer. Serial connector usually has 9 holes but
may have 25, which fit into the correspondingnumber of pins in the port.
Parallel connector has 25 pins, which fitinto the corresponding holes in the port.
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceConnecting Devices
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Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceConnecting Devices
IrDA (infrared data association)portsare for wireless devices that
work in essentially the same way as theremote control on your TV does.
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Radio Frequency Identification
RFIDTag and identify mobile objects
E.g., store merchandise, postal packages, petsUse RFID chips to transmit and receive radio signals
Chips half the size of a grain of sand
Passive chips:
do not have power source and derive power fromsignal in reader
Active chips:
Self-powered
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RFID versus bar codes
RFID
Scan from greater distance
Can store dataAllows more information to be tracked
Privacy concerns due to invisible nature
RFID Controversy
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Additional Readings
www2.una.edu/compcenter/csglossary.htm
www.beginnerspc.com
Why do you think that Aviall failed in their implementation
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Why do you think that Aviall failed in their implementationof an airplane parts and components inventorycontrol system? What could they have donedifferently?
Reasons why Aviall failed would include: The ERP system did not support adequatelyAvialls business strategies.
The ERP implemented did not improve the basicoperational support system needed by Aviall toprovide timely supply chain management.
The ERP system project did not adequatelyaddress the issue of systems integration betweenapplications.
The implementation of the ERP failed due toinadequate consideration of the magnitude of theproject.
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What Aviall could have done differently wouldinclude the following:
Project planning through the use of some
form of a systematic development process.Analysis of the business requirements prior tomaking decisions about the software toacquire for the ERP system.
Project management should have been ahigher consideration of Aviall.
How has information technology brought new business
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How has information technology brought new businesssuccess to Aviall? How did IT change Aviallsbusiness model?
How IT brought new business success for Aviall would include: System integrated by using common business databases managed by
databasesoftware from Sybase, Inc.
Designing the new combined system to properly access and deal withcustomized pricing charts for 17,000 customers who receive various typesof discounts, and with an inventory of 380,000 different aerospace parts.
Developing Aviall.com to reduce the cost per order from $9 per transactionto 39 cents.
Customers are able to transfer their orders from an Excel spreadsheetdirectly to the web site.
Customers have access to price and availability information in less than fiveseconds a real time feature.
Sales force spends more time developing customer relationships thanprocessing routine orders.
Aviall can better match production to demand from the IT improvements.
How IT changed Avialls business
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How IT changed Avialls businessmodel would include:
Changed Aviall from a catalog business to full-scale logistics business.
Aviall became a provider of supply chain
management services through the integrationof a range of Web-enabled e-business softwaresystems.
How could other companies use Avialls approach to the
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o cou d ot e co pa es use a s app oac to t euse of IT to improve their business success? Giveseveral examples.
Some Examples:
Reposition a firm as a supply chain
management services provider through Web-enabled e-business software systems.
Redesign the customer relationshipmanagement system to minimize the routine
order processing and permit the sales forceto focus on product and service developmentefforts that will grow revenue.