lecture 1- computing for management.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Computing for Management
Instructor: Shahbaz Akhtar Abid
Lecture 1
![Page 2: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Course Administration• Exams and Assessment– Basically 3 exams method • 10 Sessional 1• 15 Sessional 2• 50 Final• 25 Assignment/Quizes
–Eliminating one Exam suggests that there is a clear room for more practical work (so you must start getting worried about it !!!)
![Page 3: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Examination• I personally believe in “thorough
studies” so usually no choices given in the exam
• Every thing discussed, during the class or given as reading material, could be part of the exams
• Questions will be formulated in a way to examine both bookish as well as conceptual thinking
• Other details will be given close to Sessionals
• I will try to follow my simple rule that is – “ I’ll be very friendly in the lectures and very
strict in the exam hall (believe me no chance of misconduct…)”
![Page 4: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How to get more marks?
• Requirements–Overall Class Attitude– Things to Avoid (Referencing, Cut-
Copy-Paste Culture, Carelessness, leg-pulling)
– Things to do (Innovation, Confidence, Work Attitude)
– Sense of Maturity and continuous learning
![Page 5: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Text & References• Focus will be on topics rather Chapters of
any text• Many Text/books are available in market
– Peter Norton: Computing Fundamentals– P.K. Sinha: Computer Fundamentals Reference Books– Donald H. Sanders : Computers Today()– Gary Shelly, Thomas Cashman, & Misty Vermaat (2004).
“Discovering Computers 2004: A Gateway to Information”. (Complete Edition).
– Lary Long & Nanacy Long (2003). “Computers: Information Technology in Perspective”. (Eleventh Edition).
– Parson & OJA (1996). “New Perspectives on Computer Concepts”. (Complete Edition). Course Technology, Inc (International Thomson Publishing Company)
• But– Not necessarily every thing is taught from the Text,
Students need to broaden their view and consult as many additional references as possible (Preferably available in local market and from the Internet)
![Page 6: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Expected Topics• Introduction to Computers
– Computer Systems• Overview and key components• Why we need computers• Evolution of Computing & Computers
– Computers in normal life routine– Computers in Business– Changes brought by information technologies– Input and Output Devices– Types of Computers– Types of Storage Devices
• Software– Application Software
• Microsoft Office – Word, Excel, PowerPoint• Database Management Systems• Information Systems• Graphics Softwares• Enterprise Software
– System Software• Operating Systems• Programming Languages• Networking Basics
![Page 7: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Expected Topics…
• Introduction to Application Software– MS Word– MS PowerPoint– MS Excel– MS Access (If we have Enough Time)
• Business Applications– Information Systems• Basic Concepts & Dynamics• Types & Scope of Various Systems• IS in various Functions of a Business• Information System Development
![Page 8: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Introduction to Computers
In this Lecture you will learn.
![Page 9: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The World of Computers• Computers are everywhere at offices, at
homes and at schools• One of the biggest source of
communications for many people (email, handhelds devices like PDAs and advanced mobiles)
• One of the instant access point of for news regarding current affairs, sports, politics, jobs etc
• Normal life also now having computers in various forms– ATM (Auto Teller Machines) Cash
Vending Machines• In offices the computers are used to
create documents, presentation and at school students develop assignments and use computers for research
• All above examples indicate that there is a clear need for computer literacy (know how about computers and it’s uses)
![Page 10: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Computer!
An Electronic device that (work on the method of “Command and Retrieve”) take input from users, process it, store it and finally produce it when desired by the users.
![Page 11: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Data Processing
![Page 12: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Characteristics of Computers
![Page 13: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Characteristics cont….!
![Page 14: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Characteristics cont…!
![Page 15: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Evolution of Computers• The earliest device that qualifies as a digital
computer is the Abacus, also known as soroban.– It was invented around 600BC
• In 17th century John Napier’s bone was invented, used for manual multiplication.– Its upgraded version were used around 1890.
![Page 16: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Evolution of computers
• The first mechanical adding machine was invented by Balise Pascal in 1642.– Later in 1671, baron Gottfried of Germany
invented the first calculator for multiplication.– Keyboard machines originated in the united
states around 1880.– Around this period Herman Hollerith came up
with concept of punched cards, which is extensively used as input media in modern digital computers.
![Page 17: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Evolution of computers
• Charles Babbage, a 19th century professor at Cambridge university, is the father of modern digital computer.–Mathematical and statistical tables were
prepared at that time.– Bit difficult for their manipulation.– Charless start thinking over it for efficient
manipulation of these tables, to build a machine.
– That machine compute the tables guaranteed to be error free.
![Page 18: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Evolution of computers• In this process Babbage designed a device
called “Difference Engine” in the year 1822.• In 1842 a new idea by charless of analytical
engine that was totally automatic.– Basic arithmetic operation– Speed was 60 additions per minute.–He could not produce a working model of this
machine for further manufacturing.
![Page 19: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Evolution of computers• The MARK I Computer
– (1937-44)– Also called Automatic Sequence
Controlled Calculator.– First fully automatic calculating
machine.– Developed by Howard A. Aiken of
Harward University with IBM collaboration.
– Design is based on punched card technology.
– Very complex and huge in size.– It uses 3000 electrically actuated
switches.– 50 feet long and 8 feet high.– Five basic operation.– Upto 23 decimal digits number can be
used.– 0.3 sec for addition of two numbers, 4.5
sec for multiplication of two numbers it take.
– Very slow machine.
![Page 20: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Evolution of computers
• The ATNASOFF– 1939-42– Developed by Dr. John Antanasoff.– Solving mathematical equations.– It used 45 internal vacuum tubes for
internal logic and capacitor for storage.
![Page 21: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Evolution of computers• THE ENAIC– Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator.– 1943-46– Developed at Moore School of Engineering in
Pennsylvania state university US by John Machuly.
– Developed for military purpose.– 20x40 square feet room.– Addition of two number is achieved in 200
microsecond.– Multiplication in 2000 Microseconds.– Storage limitation
![Page 22: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Evolution of computers• The EDVAC– 1946-52– Electroniv descrete variable automatic computer
was designed on stored program concept.– Von neuman also give the concept of storing data
in the binary form.
![Page 23: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Evolution of computers• THE EDSAC
– 1947-49– It was developed by
Britisher.– Electronic Delay Storage
Automatic calculator executed first program in 1949.
– Addition in 1500 microseconds
– Multiplication in 4000 microseconds
– This machine was developed in Cambridge University under the supervision of Professor Maurice Wilkes.
![Page 24: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Evolution of computers• MANCHESTER Mark
I– 1948– Small experimental
machine.– Designed at
Manchester University by Professor MHA Newman.
– Storage capacity was 32 words, each of 31 binary digits.
– Hard in use.
![Page 25: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Evolution of computers• THE UNIVAC I
– 1951– The Universal Automatic
Computer, the first digital computer.
– Many machines were produced, the first one is installed in the Census Bureau in 1951.
– The first business use of UNIVAC I by General Electric Corporation in 1954.
![Page 26: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Generations….
![Page 27: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
First Generation• Advantages:
– Vacuum tubes were the only electronic components available during those days
– Fastest computing devices of their time…Could perform computations in milliseconds.
• Disadvantages:– Too bulky in size– Unreliable– Air conditioning required– Prone to frequent hardware failures– Constant maintenance required– Non-portable– Limited Commercial Use
![Page 28: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Second Generation• Advantages:
– Smaller in size as compared to first generation– More reliable– Less heat generated– Computation time decreases from milliseconds to microseconds– Less prone to hardware failures– Better portability
• Disadvantages:– Air Conditioning req.– Frequent maintenance– Manual assembly of individual components into a functional unit– Commercial production was difficult and costly.
![Page 29: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Third Genration• Advantages:
– Smaller in Size --- SSI---10 to 20 components – More reliable– Lower heat Generated– Computational time .. Micro to nanoseconds.– Maintenance cost is low-> less hardware failures– Easily portable– Less power req.– General purpose machines– Manual Assembly of component is not req. -> reduce in labor cost– Commercial production easier and cheaper
• Disadvantages:• Air Conditioning• Highly sophisticated technology required for manufacturing IC chips.
![Page 30: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Fourth Generation• Smallest in size because of high component density MSI->LSI
– Very reliable – Heat generation is negligible– No air conditioning req. in most cases– Much faster in computation than previous– Hardware failure is negligible– And hence minimal maintenance– Easily portable because of their small size– Totally general purpose– Minimal labor and cost involve at assembly stage– Cheapest among all generations.
• Disadvantages– Highly sophisticated technology required for manufacturing LSI
![Page 31: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Fifth Genration….
• Aim to bring a machine with genuine I.Q• Totally different- novel- new• Will not be algorithmic (step by step) • Will not be serial• Will not be just data processing-> knowledge
processing• Will not be deductive ->inductive
![Page 32: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Generations cont…!
![Page 33: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Generations cont…!
![Page 34: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Generations cont…!
![Page 35: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Generations cont…!
![Page 36: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Electronic Devices in different Generations
![Page 37: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Components of Computer System• Components of a Computer System
– Hardware• Input • Output• Processing
– Central Processing Unit– Motherboard
• Storage
– Software• Application• System
– Information– Users– Procedures
![Page 38: Lecture 1- Computing for Management.ppt](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081413/5472af44b4af9f31718b45d0/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)