large-scale cc s transportation infrastructure in europe

COCATE Workshop Lisbon 2012

COCATE

Large-scale CCS Transportation Infrastructure in Europe


4 projects dedicated to transport in the 7th framework.4 projects dedicated to transport in the 7th framework.4 projects dedicated to transport in the 7th framework.4 projects dedicated to transport in the 7th framework.� CO2EuroPipeCO2EuroPipeCO2EuroPipeCO2EuroPipe Towards a transport infrastructure for large-scale CCS in

Europe � COCATECOCATECOCATECOCATE Large-scale CCS Transportation infrastructure in Europe� CO2PIPEHAZCO2PIPEHAZCO2PIPEHAZCO2PIPEHAZ Quantitative failure consequence hazard assessment for

next generation CO2 pipelines� COMETCOMETCOMETCOMET Integrated infrastructure for CO2 transport and storage in the

west Mediterranean

FP7 projects

Start DateDurationmonth

project Cost

M euros

Project fundingM euros

nb partners

nb contries

COCATE Jan. 2010 36 4.5 3 9 5CO2PIPEHAZ Dec. 2009 41 2.7 2.1 7 5COMET Jan. 2010 36 3 2.3 17 7CO2EUROPIPE January 2009 30 2.4 1.1 19 8

COCATE Workshop Lisbon 20123 http://projet.ifpen.fr/Projet/cocate3

� 1111stststst January 2010 to 31January 2010 to 31January 2010 to 31January 2010 to 31thththth December 2012December 2012December 2012December 2012

� 9 partners: 9 partners: 9 partners: 9 partners: IFP Energies nouvellesIFP Energies nouvellesIFP Energies nouvellesIFP Energies nouvelles, le Havre , le Havre , le Havre , le Havre DDDDééééveloppementveloppementveloppementveloppement, , , , GeogreenGeogreenGeogreenGeogreen, , , , AccoatAccoatAccoatAccoat, , , , SintefSintefSintefSintef----ER, DNV, ER, DNV, ER, DNV, ER, DNV, TNO, Port of Rotterdam NV, SANEDI TNO, Port of Rotterdam NV, SANEDI TNO, Port of Rotterdam NV, SANEDI TNO, Port of Rotterdam NV, SANEDI

� 5 countries involved: France, Denmark, Norway, 5 countries involved: France, Denmark, Norway, 5 countries involved: France, Denmark, Norway, 5 countries involved: France, Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, South AfricaNetherlands, South AfricaNetherlands, South AfricaNetherlands, South Africa

� ResearchResearchResearchResearch Project Project Project Project fundedfundedfundedfunded by the by the by the by the EuropeanEuropeanEuropeanEuropean CommunityCommunityCommunityCommunityunderunderunderunder FP7 for a tFP7 for a tFP7 for a tFP7 for a totalotalotalotal operated budget 4,5 M operated budget 4,5 M operated budget 4,5 M operated budget 4,5 M €€€€ (EC (EC (EC (EC contribution 3M contribution 3M contribution 3M contribution 3M €€€€))))

COCATE Project description


ObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesDevelop a collecting network of small emitters fumesStudy a CO2 network composed of pipelines, intermediate storage and / or boats will transport the CO2 gathered to the storage sites (off or on-shore in our case).

Source 1

Source 2

Source 3

Source 4

Source 5

…

Pooling Centre

#1

Pooling Centre

#2

Hub Rotterdam

Hub Rotterdam

Data Collection and Pooling

Scenario definition

Flue Gas collecting network

Alternative system

CO2 collection network

On/Off shore pipeline up to

Rotterdam

Ship up to Rotterdam

Capture, out of

COCATE scope

6.5 bar, -50.3°C

150 bar, Tamb

CO2 export tofinal storage


Work Programme

WP1 Global capture to storage transport network

Task 1.1 Definition of a network from sources to sinks Task 1.2 Strategy for deployment

WP2 Collecting network and export lifetime

Task 2.1 Thermodynamics and corrosionTask 2.2 Network Management

WP3 Safety of global capture to storage networkTask 3.1 Development of a Safety Management ToolkitTask 3.2 Risk assessment collecting networkTask 3.3 Export systemsTask 3.4 Risk assessment of integrated CCS chains

WP4 Economical studyTask 4.1 Micro-economic analysis: identification of cost key drivers Task 4.2 Macro-economic analysis: investment strategyTask 4.3 Economic model and application to Le Havre case

WP5 Management and

WP6 dissemination


Work Programme Objectives1.1.1.1. WP1: Global capture to storage transport network (LHD)WP1: Global capture to storage transport network (LHD)WP1: Global capture to storage transport network (LHD)WP1: Global capture to storage transport network (LHD)

Input and output of the projectInput and output of the projectInput and output of the projectInput and output of the project

1.1.1.1. To collect data on a real case (Le Havre area, France) for curreTo collect data on a real case (Le Havre area, France) for curreTo collect data on a real case (Le Havre area, France) for curreTo collect data on a real case (Le Havre area, France) for current and nt and nt and nt and future emitters and pooling scenarios future emitters and pooling scenarios future emitters and pooling scenarios future emitters and pooling scenarios

2.2.2.2. To define the Flue gas and COTo define the Flue gas and COTo define the Flue gas and COTo define the Flue gas and CO2222 streams pooling networkstreams pooling networkstreams pooling networkstreams pooling network3.3.3.3. To define the ship and pipeline COTo define the ship and pipeline COTo define the ship and pipeline COTo define the ship and pipeline CO2222 export from Le Havre area to export from Le Havre area to export from Le Havre area to export from Le Havre area to

Rotterdam Rotterdam Rotterdam Rotterdam 4.4.4.4. To capitalise the results obtained in the project through the sTo capitalise the results obtained in the project through the sTo capitalise the results obtained in the project through the sTo capitalise the results obtained in the project through the strategytrategytrategytrategy

for deploymentfor deploymentfor deploymentfor deployment


Work Programme Objectives2.2.2.2. WP2: Collecting network (IFP)WP2: Collecting network (IFP)WP2: Collecting network (IFP)WP2: Collecting network (IFP)

The main goal was to improve the collecting network and export lThe main goal was to improve the collecting network and export lThe main goal was to improve the collecting network and export lThe main goal was to improve the collecting network and export lifetime ifetime ifetime ifetime regarding the major uncertainty identified in these networksregarding the major uncertainty identified in these networksregarding the major uncertainty identified in these networksregarding the major uncertainty identified in these networks

1.1.1.1. To describe CO2 and impurities mixtures To describe CO2 and impurities mixtures To describe CO2 and impurities mixtures To describe CO2 and impurities mixtures 1.1.1.1. pseudopseudopseudopseudo----experimental data based on molecular simulation calculationexperimental data based on molecular simulation calculationexperimental data based on molecular simulation calculationexperimental data based on molecular simulation calculation2.2.2.2. validation of macroscopic model validation of macroscopic model validation of macroscopic model validation of macroscopic model (cubic equations of state(cubic equations of state(cubic equations of state(cubic equations of state))))3.3.3.3. Transport Transport Transport Transport propertiespropertiespropertiesproperties

2.2.2.2. To find alternative to corrosionTo find alternative to corrosionTo find alternative to corrosionTo find alternative to corrosion1.1.1.1. test of coatingstest of coatingstest of coatingstest of coatings2.2.2.2. benchmark of softwarebenchmark of softwarebenchmark of softwarebenchmark of software

3.3.3.3. To check the integrity of the networks To check the integrity of the networks To check the integrity of the networks To check the integrity of the networks 1.1.1.1. flue gazes networkflue gazes networkflue gazes networkflue gazes network2.2.2.2. CO2 captureCO2 captureCO2 captureCO2 capture----hub networkhub networkhub networkhub network


Work Programme Objectives3.3.3.3. Safety management (DNV)Safety management (DNV)Safety management (DNV)Safety management (DNV)

Risk assessmentRisk assessmentRisk assessmentRisk assessment

1.1.1.1. To define, quantify and analyse (HSE) risks related to the overaTo define, quantify and analyse (HSE) risks related to the overaTo define, quantify and analyse (HSE) risks related to the overaTo define, quantify and analyse (HSE) risks related to the overall ll ll ll collecting and transport chain of CO2 from sources to sinks, in collecting and transport chain of CO2 from sources to sinks, in collecting and transport chain of CO2 from sources to sinks, in collecting and transport chain of CO2 from sources to sinks, in doing so: regarding both industrial and external safety issues, doing so: regarding both industrial and external safety issues, doing so: regarding both industrial and external safety issues, doing so: regarding both industrial and external safety issues, focussing on the present uncertainties in modelling failure focussing on the present uncertainties in modelling failure focussing on the present uncertainties in modelling failure focussing on the present uncertainties in modelling failure scenarios and effects. scenarios and effects. scenarios and effects. scenarios and effects.

2.2.2.2. To perform a risk assessment on the specific case of the Le To perform a risk assessment on the specific case of the Le To perform a risk assessment on the specific case of the Le To perform a risk assessment on the specific case of the Le HavreHavreHavreHavre----Rotterdam transport, onwards to a determined (onshore or Rotterdam transport, onwards to a determined (onshore or Rotterdam transport, onwards to a determined (onshore or Rotterdam transport, onwards to a determined (onshore or offshore) sink.offshore) sink.offshore) sink.offshore) sink.

3.3.3.3. To use enhanced knowledge on these HSE risks to define a To use enhanced knowledge on these HSE risks to define a To use enhanced knowledge on these HSE risks to define a To use enhanced knowledge on these HSE risks to define a preferred strategy for a safe largepreferred strategy for a safe largepreferred strategy for a safe largepreferred strategy for a safe large----scale infrastructure for Carbon scale infrastructure for Carbon scale infrastructure for Carbon scale infrastructure for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), regarding the whole CCSCapture and Storage (CCS), regarding the whole CCSCapture and Storage (CCS), regarding the whole CCSCapture and Storage (CCS), regarding the whole CCS----chain.chain.chain.chain.


Work Programme Objectives4.4.4.4. Economic study (Economic study (Economic study (Economic study (GeogreenGeogreenGeogreenGeogreen))))

Investment strategyInvestment strategyInvestment strategyInvestment strategy

1.1.1.1. To identify key economic and regulatory drivers for regional To identify key economic and regulatory drivers for regional To identify key economic and regulatory drivers for regional To identify key economic and regulatory drivers for regional pooling and network of transport of captured CO2 streams from pooling and network of transport of captured CO2 streams from pooling and network of transport of captured CO2 streams from pooling and network of transport of captured CO2 streams from large scale CO2 projects (microlarge scale CO2 projects (microlarge scale CO2 projects (microlarge scale CO2 projects (micro----economics)economics)economics)economics)

2.2.2.2. To define business models and investment strategy relevant for To define business models and investment strategy relevant for To define business models and investment strategy relevant for To define business models and investment strategy relevant for largelargelargelarge----scale transport of CO2 connecting clusters of emitters to scale transport of CO2 connecting clusters of emitters to scale transport of CO2 connecting clusters of emitters to scale transport of CO2 connecting clusters of emitters to various sinks (macrovarious sinks (macrovarious sinks (macrovarious sinks (macro----economics)economics)economics)economics)

3.3.3.3. To develop an economic CO2 network optimisation model, with To develop an economic CO2 network optimisation model, with To develop an economic CO2 network optimisation model, with To develop an economic CO2 network optimisation model, with application to Le Havre case.application to Le Havre case.application to Le Havre case.application to Le Havre case.


COCATE

Recommendations, limitations of Recommendations, limitations of Recommendations, limitations of Recommendations, limitations of applicabilityapplicabilityapplicabilityapplicability


� Main objective of COCATEMain objective of COCATEMain objective of COCATEMain objective of COCATEthis project aims at exploring the challenges generated by a this project aims at exploring the challenges generated by a this project aims at exploring the challenges generated by a this project aims at exploring the challenges generated by a

large scale deployment of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) large scale deployment of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) large scale deployment of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) large scale deployment of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) infrastructure connecting different small CO2 sources located infrastructure connecting different small CO2 sources located infrastructure connecting different small CO2 sources located infrastructure connecting different small CO2 sources located in the same industrial area, to different potential geological in the same industrial area, to different potential geological in the same industrial area, to different potential geological in the same industrial area, to different potential geological storage sites. storage sites. storage sites. storage sites.

� 3 networks were studied in COCATE3 networks were studied in COCATE3 networks were studied in COCATE3 networks were studied in COCATE� Low pressure: flue gases (and alternative)Low pressure: flue gases (and alternative)Low pressure: flue gases (and alternative)Low pressure: flue gases (and alternative)� Medium pressure: CO2 from capture to HubsMedium pressure: CO2 from capture to HubsMedium pressure: CO2 from capture to HubsMedium pressure: CO2 from capture to Hubs� High pressure: export system to final storage (pipe, ship)High pressure: export system to final storage (pipe, ship)High pressure: export system to final storage (pipe, ship)High pressure: export system to final storage (pipe, ship)including emitters from 5 000 to 2 500 000 tincluding emitters from 5 000 to 2 500 000 tincluding emitters from 5 000 to 2 500 000 tincluding emitters from 5 000 to 2 500 000 tCO2CO2CO2CO2/y/y/y/y

Introduction

COCATE Workshop Lisbon 201212 Cocate technical progress http://projet.ifpen.fr/Projet/cocate12

CO2 Breakdown of emissions in Le Havre and Port Jérôme areas - 2009

9%

1%

28%

6%

4%

27%

25%

Refinery #1

Refinery #2

Petrochemical industries

Others (Incinerator, car manufacture,glasswork,compressor test platform)

Coal Power Plant

Chemical industries (Ammonia & urea production,industrial gases production)

Cement Factory

TOTAL CO2 EMISSIONS CONSIDERED: 14.5MTCO2/y

85 point sources 85 point sources 85 point sources 85 point sources Post CombustionPost CombustionPost CombustionPost Combustion

14.5Mt14.5Mt14.5Mt14.5MtCO2CO2CO2CO2/Year emitted/Year emitted/Year emitted/Year emitted

Complexity of a real caseData Collection and Pooling Scenario Definition


Distribution of CO2 concentrations

[CO2] distribution

1

9

34

37

3

1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

<1 1<[CO2]<5 5<[CO2]<10 10<[CO2]<15 15<[CO2]<20 20<[CO2] ; max : 55.5

[CO2] (%wet vol)

Nu

mb

er o

f so

urc

es

Most of the concentrations are ranging from 5 to 15 % which is the typical concentration coming from combustion processes


Characteristics of the flue gases� T T T T fromfromfromfrom 70 to 47070 to 47070 to 47070 to 470°°°°CCCC

� Most of the Most of the Most of the Most of the temperaturetemperaturetemperaturetemperature fromfromfromfrom 100 to 250100 to 250100 to 250100 to 250°°°°C C C C � P P P P fromfromfromfrom belowbelowbelowbelow 1 1 1 1 atmatmatmatm ((((cementcementcementcement factoryfactoryfactoryfactory) to 1.1 ) to 1.1 ) to 1.1 ) to 1.1 barabarabarabara� HHHH2222O O O O fromfromfromfrom 5 to 30%5 to 30%5 to 30%5 to 30%� OOOO2222

� ~50% of the ~50% of the ~50% of the ~50% of the streamsstreamsstreamsstreams have composition have composition have composition have composition fromfromfromfrom 0 to 5%0 to 5%0 to 5%0 to 5%� ~50% of the ~50% of the ~50% of the ~50% of the streamsstreamsstreamsstreams have composition have composition have composition have composition fromfromfromfrom 5 to 10%5 to 10%5 to 10%5 to 10%

� NOxNOxNOxNOx fromfromfromfrom 0.0001 to 0.04%0.0001 to 0.04%0.0001 to 0.04%0.0001 to 0.04%� SOxSOxSOxSOx fromfromfromfrom 0.001 to 0.6%0.001 to 0.6%0.001 to 0.6%0.001 to 0.6%� CO CO CO CO fromfromfromfrom 0.0002 to 0.4%0.0002 to 0.4%0.0002 to 0.4%0.0002 to 0.4%� OtherOtherOtherOther possible components: VOC, Npossible components: VOC, Npossible components: VOC, Npossible components: VOC, N2222O, CHO, CHO, CHO, CH4444, HF, , HF, , HF, , HF, HClHClHClHCl, Ar, , Ar, , Ar, , Ar, HeavyHeavyHeavyHeavy

MetalsMetalsMetalsMetals....� ParticulateParticulateParticulateParticulate mattersmattersmattersmatters fromfromfromfrom 0 to 200mg/Nm0 to 200mg/Nm0 to 200mg/Nm0 to 200mg/Nm3333

Some data are not measured thus not available:particles size, pH


5 Possible Pooling centers


With 2 alternative solutions in Le Havre


Main assumptions for the design of the pipelines Main assumptions for the design of the pipelines Main assumptions for the design of the pipelines Main assumptions for the design of the pipelines � Flue gases are sent as they are at the bottom of the stack into Flue gases are sent as they are at the bottom of the stack into Flue gases are sent as they are at the bottom of the stack into Flue gases are sent as they are at the bottom of the stack into the the the the

flue gas collecting network;flue gas collecting network;flue gas collecting network;flue gas collecting network;� The design is made for the peak The design is made for the peak The design is made for the peak The design is made for the peak flowrateflowrateflowrateflowrate;;;;� They are just boosted at the level of COThey are just boosted at the level of COThey are just boosted at the level of COThey are just boosted at the level of CO2222 sourcessourcessourcessources� The pipeline diameter cannot exceed 80The pipeline diameter cannot exceed 80The pipeline diameter cannot exceed 80The pipeline diameter cannot exceed 80”””” (maximal value available in (maximal value available in (maximal value available in (maximal value available in

the API 5L standards);the API 5L standards);the API 5L standards);the API 5L standards);� The minimal thickness of the pipeline is calculated using the The minimal thickness of the pipeline is calculated using the The minimal thickness of the pipeline is calculated using the The minimal thickness of the pipeline is calculated using the

Maximal Allowable Operating Pressure and taking into account a Maximal Allowable Operating Pressure and taking into account a Maximal Allowable Operating Pressure and taking into account a Maximal Allowable Operating Pressure and taking into account a corrosion allowance;corrosion allowance;corrosion allowance;corrosion allowance;

� The change in elevation is taken into account;The change in elevation is taken into account;The change in elevation is taken into account;The change in elevation is taken into account;� A heat transfer is considered (with air when pipelines are aeriaA heat transfer is considered (with air when pipelines are aeriaA heat transfer is considered (with air when pipelines are aeriaA heat transfer is considered (with air when pipelines are aerial and l and l and l and

with ground if buried)with ground if buried)with ground if buried)with ground if buried)

Design of the flue gas pooling network


� COCOCOCO2222 sources description:sources description:sources description:sources description:� Blocking points:Blocking points:Blocking points:Blocking points:

� Future emissionsFuture emissionsFuture emissionsFuture emissions� Difficult to obtain � involves strategic data that emitters are not willing to

share between each other, the site longevity is unknown: close down, relocation..., newcomers are difficult to identify.

� Industrial actors must be involved (large and medium emitters)Industrial actors must be involved (large and medium emitters)Industrial actors must be involved (large and medium emitters)Industrial actors must be involved (large and medium emitters)

� Recommendations for future studies:Recommendations for future studies:Recommendations for future studies:Recommendations for future studies:� Take time to present the project to each industryTake time to present the project to each industryTake time to present the project to each industryTake time to present the project to each industry� Allotting more time for the questionnaire completionAllotting more time for the questionnaire completionAllotting more time for the questionnaire completionAllotting more time for the questionnaire completion� Giving incentives to the industriesGiving incentives to the industriesGiving incentives to the industriesGiving incentives to the industries� Having two contacts within each company: a technical one and oneHaving two contacts within each company: a technical one and oneHaving two contacts within each company: a technical one and oneHaving two contacts within each company: a technical one and one

aware of the companyaware of the companyaware of the companyaware of the company’’’’s strategic decisions for the futures strategic decisions for the futures strategic decisions for the futures strategic decisions for the future

Low pressure: flue gases


� Preliminary pooling definitionPreliminary pooling definitionPreliminary pooling definitionPreliminary pooling definition� Recommendations:Recommendations:Recommendations:Recommendations:

� If capture technology is defined then suggest two types of flue If capture technology is defined then suggest two types of flue If capture technology is defined then suggest two types of flue If capture technology is defined then suggest two types of flue gas collection networks: one grouping together the flue gases gas collection networks: one grouping together the flue gases gas collection networks: one grouping together the flue gases gas collection networks: one grouping together the flue gases that can go directly to the capture unit (no additional treatmenthat can go directly to the capture unit (no additional treatmenthat can go directly to the capture unit (no additional treatmenthat can go directly to the capture unit (no additional treatment) t) t) t) and another one going through a preand another one going through a preand another one going through a preand another one going through a pre----treatment centre before treatment centre before treatment centre before treatment centre before capture.capture.capture.capture.

� If a postIf a postIf a postIf a post----combustion technology with solvent is chosen for combustion technology with solvent is chosen for combustion technology with solvent is chosen for combustion technology with solvent is chosen for capture, study other options for pooling or try to combine capture, study other options for pooling or try to combine capture, study other options for pooling or try to combine capture, study other options for pooling or try to combine options:options:options:options:

� common regeneration centre� common conditioning centre� common “energy” centre



� Routing and design of the flue gas collecting networkRouting and design of the flue gas collecting networkRouting and design of the flue gas collecting networkRouting and design of the flue gas collecting network

� Blocking points for routing: Blocking points for routing: Blocking points for routing: Blocking points for routing: � Territories evolve: it would be interesting to associate local Territories evolve: it would be interesting to associate local Territories evolve: it would be interesting to associate local Territories evolve: it would be interesting to associate local

actors/authorities to the project in order to map the current anactors/authorities to the project in order to map the current anactors/authorities to the project in order to map the current anactors/authorities to the project in order to map the current and d d d future constraints more accurately. future constraints more accurately. future constraints more accurately. future constraints more accurately.

� Location of the emitters: the glasswork, located in the middle oLocation of the emitters: the glasswork, located in the middle oLocation of the emitters: the glasswork, located in the middle oLocation of the emitters: the glasswork, located in the middle of f f f Le Havre city, has small COLe Havre city, has small COLe Havre city, has small COLe Havre city, has small CO2222 emissions emissions emissions emissions �� cannot be included in cannot be included in cannot be included in cannot be included in the final pooling strategy.the final pooling strategy.the final pooling strategy.the final pooling strategy.



� Routing and design of the flue gas collecting networkRouting and design of the flue gas collecting networkRouting and design of the flue gas collecting networkRouting and design of the flue gas collecting network� Blocking points for designBlocking points for designBlocking points for designBlocking points for design

� Designing networks for the peak flowrates not best choice Designing networks for the peak flowrates not best choice Designing networks for the peak flowrates not best choice Designing networks for the peak flowrates not best choice ��more interesting to design the network at an optimised flowrate more interesting to design the network at an optimised flowrate more interesting to design the network at an optimised flowrate more interesting to design the network at an optimised flowrate (if (if (if (if the emitter gives the flow pattern) to limit the overdesign and the emitter gives the flow pattern) to limit the overdesign and the emitter gives the flow pattern) to limit the overdesign and the emitter gives the flow pattern) to limit the overdesign and to to to to capture the greatest volume of COcapture the greatest volume of COcapture the greatest volume of COcapture the greatest volume of CO2 2 2 2 (an optimum should be found (an optimum should be found (an optimum should be found (an optimum should be found between the overdesign cost and the cost of emitting CObetween the overdesign cost and the cost of emitting CObetween the overdesign cost and the cost of emitting CObetween the overdesign cost and the cost of emitting CO2222). ). ). ).

� Check for Check for Check for Check for day/night profiles for flow rate variationsday/night profiles for flow rate variationsday/night profiles for flow rate variationsday/night profiles for flow rate variations

� If flue gas flowrate is above 10If flue gas flowrate is above 10If flue gas flowrate is above 10If flue gas flowrate is above 105 5 5 5 mmmm3333/h /h /h /h �� consider the common consider the common consider the common consider the common regeneration concept. If there is no absorption column in the regeneration concept. If there is no absorption column in the regeneration concept. If there is no absorption column in the regeneration concept. If there is no absorption column in the vicinity (max. 150m) of this type of source, add an absorption vicinity (max. 150m) of this type of source, add an absorption vicinity (max. 150m) of this type of source, add an absorption vicinity (max. 150m) of this type of source, add an absorption column.column.column.column.



� Routing and design of the flue gas collecting networkRouting and design of the flue gas collecting networkRouting and design of the flue gas collecting networkRouting and design of the flue gas collecting network� Recommendations for designRecommendations for designRecommendations for designRecommendations for design

� When should pooling be considered?When should pooling be considered?When should pooling be considered?When should pooling be considered?Each industrial case has to be studied before deciding if polling or notDepends on� the volume of flue gazes� the CO2 concentration� the volume of CO2 captured

� Pipelines construction material should be chosen with care to liPipelines construction material should be chosen with care to liPipelines construction material should be chosen with care to liPipelines construction material should be chosen with care to limit mit mit mit corrosion during flue gas transport or internal coating should bcorrosion during flue gas transport or internal coating should bcorrosion during flue gas transport or internal coating should bcorrosion during flue gas transport or internal coating should be e e e applied in common steel pipes.applied in common steel pipes.applied in common steel pipes.applied in common steel pipes.



� COCOCOCO2222 collecting network : Safety risk considerationscollecting network : Safety risk considerationscollecting network : Safety risk considerationscollecting network : Safety risk considerations� Blocking points for routing and designBlocking points for routing and designBlocking points for routing and designBlocking points for routing and design

� Loss of containment of COLoss of containment of COLoss of containment of COLoss of containment of CO2222 can be hazardous at up to several can be hazardous at up to several can be hazardous at up to several can be hazardous at up to several hundred meters from the leak source in some plausible hundred meters from the leak source in some plausible hundred meters from the leak source in some plausible hundred meters from the leak source in some plausible scenariosscenariosscenariosscenarios

� this will limit where the collecting network can be routed in relation to third parties

� additional effort on consequence modeling is justified in some situations with complex terrain and buildings, and when fundamental failure modes and initiators are relatively uncertain

CFD in addition to analytical modelingBayesian net safety risk model in addition to fault/event trees and

pre-defined leak scenarios

� enhanced safety features should be considered early (next slide)

Medium pressure: CO2 from capture to Hubs


� COCOCOCO2222 collecting network : Safety risk considerationscollecting network : Safety risk considerationscollecting network : Safety risk considerationscollecting network : Safety risk considerations� Blocking points for routing and designBlocking points for routing and designBlocking points for routing and designBlocking points for routing and design

� Therefore the routing choice is an iterative process which shoulTherefore the routing choice is an iterative process which shoulTherefore the routing choice is an iterative process which shoulTherefore the routing choice is an iterative process which should d d d include all potential mitigating design choices that can reduce include all potential mitigating design choices that can reduce include all potential mitigating design choices that can reduce include all potential mitigating design choices that can reduce minimum safe distances to the collecting network. The design minimum safe distances to the collecting network. The design minimum safe distances to the collecting network. The design minimum safe distances to the collecting network. The design process may therefore require more time and effort to complete. process may therefore require more time and effort to complete. process may therefore require more time and effort to complete. process may therefore require more time and effort to complete. Options for enhanced safety features areOptions for enhanced safety features areOptions for enhanced safety features areOptions for enhanced safety features are

� Re-routing to increase distances to third parties� Thicker pipe walls than standard to withstand impacts and provide

increased corrosion safety margins� Buried pipe deep enough to minimize probability of impacts from

machinery� Pipe elevated up to 10m above ground to increase air dilution in loss-of-

containment� Close placement of emergency shut-in valves with automatic actuators� Permanently installed blowers or stand-by helicopters to disperse large

CO2 releases when atmospheric conditions are stabile



� COCOCOCO2222 collecting network : Safety risk considerationscollecting network : Safety risk considerationscollecting network : Safety risk considerationscollecting network : Safety risk considerations� Blocking points for safety risk assessmentBlocking points for safety risk assessmentBlocking points for safety risk assessmentBlocking points for safety risk assessment

� Detailed work on CO2Detailed work on CO2Detailed work on CO2Detailed work on CO2----specific issues in safety risk analysis has specific issues in safety risk analysis has specific issues in safety risk analysis has specific issues in safety risk analysis has shown the following areas recommended for further work. shown the following areas recommended for further work. shown the following areas recommended for further work. shown the following areas recommended for further work.

� Potential to improve analytical dispersion models to reduce gap with CO2 release experiment observations

� Additional laboratory studies to achieve consensus on Probitparameters for CO2

� Reduce pipe failure frequency estimates by continued focus on recommended pipe material choice and wall thickness standards for CO2

Running ductile fracture probability must be robustly minimized in the design phase



� Dealing with impuritiesDealing with impuritiesDealing with impuritiesDealing with impurities� Blocking points and Recommendations Blocking points and Recommendations Blocking points and Recommendations Blocking points and Recommendations

� New experimental data for New experimental data for New experimental data for New experimental data for � H2S as function of temperature and pressure (not only at saturated

conditions) are needed before binary systems can be studied . � CO2+NOX mixtures� CO2 + SO2 mixture. The presence of water should be also

performed with the corrosion problem

� It seems also important to do similar studies on viscosity as foIt seems also important to do similar studies on viscosity as foIt seems also important to do similar studies on viscosity as foIt seems also important to do similar studies on viscosity as for r r r thermal conductivity and diffusion coefficients. The viscosity ithermal conductivity and diffusion coefficients. The viscosity ithermal conductivity and diffusion coefficients. The viscosity ithermal conductivity and diffusion coefficients. The viscosity is s s s an important property for both transport and for design of an important property for both transport and for design of an important property for both transport and for design of an important property for both transport and for design of process equipment like for instance heat exchangers. process equipment like for instance heat exchangers. process equipment like for instance heat exchangers. process equipment like for instance heat exchangers.

High pressure: export system to final storage (pipe, ship)


� On an economic point of viewOn an economic point of viewOn an economic point of viewOn an economic point of view� Blocking pointsBlocking pointsBlocking pointsBlocking points

� Cost Sharing and Tariff issuesCost Sharing and Tariff issuesCost Sharing and Tariff issuesCost Sharing and Tariff issues� Decisions by the industrials on the criteria to be used to determine

the cost allocation is of the essence to determine convenient cost allocation rule

� From a tariff issue and policy maker standpoint, allowing price discrimination is the best way to ensure participation of all emitters to infrastructure.

� Pipeline utilization on the long term must be forecasted to build appropriate rules � meet design concerns

� Investment OptionsInvestment OptionsInvestment OptionsInvestment Options� CCS project can have a negative NPV which is a difficulty for the

real option modeling� RecommendationsRecommendationsRecommendationsRecommendations

� Reducing technical uncertainties would help better value the Reducing technical uncertainties would help better value the Reducing technical uncertainties would help better value the Reducing technical uncertainties would help better value the different options within actual and future political frameworkdifferent options within actual and future political frameworkdifferent options within actual and future political frameworkdifferent options within actual and future political framework

High pressure: export system to final storage (pipe, ship)


� Criteria to look for areasCriteria to look for areasCriteria to look for areasCriteria to look for areas� the industrial area size,the industrial area size,the industrial area size,the industrial area size,� the total amount of COthe total amount of COthe total amount of COthe total amount of CO2222 emitted,emitted,emitted,emitted,� the number of emitters,the number of emitters,the number of emitters,the number of emitters,� the nature of plants and their flue gases emitted amountthe nature of plants and their flue gases emitted amountthe nature of plants and their flue gases emitted amountthe nature of plants and their flue gases emitted amount� the geographic factor (landscape configuration, presence of citithe geographic factor (landscape configuration, presence of citithe geographic factor (landscape configuration, presence of citithe geographic factor (landscape configuration, presence of cities, mountains, lakes, or presence es, mountains, lakes, or presence es, mountains, lakes, or presence es, mountains, lakes, or presence

of protected area...) : it could have a strong impact on the feaof protected area...) : it could have a strong impact on the feaof protected area...) : it could have a strong impact on the feaof protected area...) : it could have a strong impact on the feasibility of a collecting network , but it sibility of a collecting network , but it sibility of a collecting network , but it sibility of a collecting network , but it is not reported in this screening.is not reported in this screening.is not reported in this screening.is not reported in this screening.

� Europe: several possible clustersEurope: several possible clustersEurope: several possible clustersEurope: several possible clusters� AndalusiaAndalusiaAndalusiaAndalusia ((((21% of the national total 21% of the national total 21% of the national total 21% of the national total ---- 38 units 38 units 38 units 38 units ---- 23,5 Mt/y)23,5 Mt/y)23,5 Mt/y)23,5 Mt/y)

Applicability to other areas

Areas smaller than 400km2

Huelva Port 9 units450 km2

5,61 Mt/y


� AndalusiaAndalusiaAndalusiaAndalusia ((((21% of the national total 21% of the national total 21% of the national total 21% of the national total ---- 38 units 38 units 38 units 38 units ---- 23,5 Mt/y)23,5 Mt/y)23,5 Mt/y)23,5 Mt/y)Port of Gibraltar : 9 units Port of Gibraltar : 9 units Port of Gibraltar : 9 units Port of Gibraltar : 9 units ---- 100 km2 100 km2 100 km2 100 km2 –––– 7,09 Mt/y7,09 Mt/y7,09 Mt/y7,09 Mt/y

� Durban area (South Africa): 17 million tDurban area (South Africa): 17 million tDurban area (South Africa): 17 million tDurban area (South Africa): 17 million tCO2CO2CO2CO2/y /y /y /y � 210 small emitters emitting less than 500 000 t210 small emitters emitting less than 500 000 t210 small emitters emitting less than 500 000 t210 small emitters emitting less than 500 000 tCO2CO2CO2CO2/y /y /y /y � 10 emitters emitting between 500 000 and 1 500 000 t10 emitters emitting between 500 000 and 1 500 000 t10 emitters emitting between 500 000 and 1 500 000 t10 emitters emitting between 500 000 and 1 500 000 tCO2CO2CO2CO2/y. /y. /y. /y.

� refineries, paper industry, soap and fat manufacturerrefineries, paper industry, soap and fat manufacturerrefineries, paper industry, soap and fat manufacturerrefineries, paper industry, soap and fat manufacturer

Applicability to other areas


Thanks for your attentionThanks for your attentionThanks for your attentionThanks for your attention

http://projet.ifpen.fr/Projet/cocate

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large-scale cc s transportation infrastructure in europe

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