KUVUGA INKURU: Igikoresho cyo kwimakaza amahoro mu gusoma no

kwandika

Aka gatabo kanditswe na Katy Newell-Jones afatanyije na Rosie Crowther, Feed the Minds, kakaba karimo inkuru zakusanyijwe zivuye ku bafatanyabikorwa bacu: Advocacy for Social Development and Environment – Uganda (ASDE-U) Femmes et Education des Adultes (FEDA) Peacebuilding, Healing and Reconciliation Programme (PHARP) Sudan Evangelical Mission (SEM) Tatua Communication Youth with Physical Disability Development Forum (YPDDF) Imfashanyigisho za Anne Wilson. Muhawe uburenganzira bwo gufotora aka gatabo no kugakoresha mu biganiro mpaka. Icyakora mbasabe mwite kuri Feed the Minds aho ikoreshejwe hose. Ni ikaze kandi kugira icyo mukavugaho, n’ingero z’uko karimo kugenda gakoreshwa. Mushobora kohereza ibitekerezo byanyu kuri info@feedtheminds.org Inyadiko zivuga ibirenze ibiri muri aka gatabo ziboneka muri FEM cyangwa PHARP, ndetse ushobora no kuzikura ku rubuga rwa Feed the Minds arirwo www.feedtheminds.org Feed the Minds Park Place, 12 Lawn Lane, London, SW8 1UD, United Kingdom info@feedtheminds.org www.feedtheminds.org

Peacebuilding, Healing and Reconciliation Programme (PHARP)

Phikagoh House, 3rd Floor, Mbagathi Road P.O.Box 15324, 00100 GPO Nairobi, Kenya info@pharp.org www.pharp.org Sudan Evangelical Mission (SEM) P.O.Box 367 Juba, South Sudan P.O.Box 8423, 00100 GPO Nairobi, Kenya sem@maf.or.ke sem1998.mundri@gmail.com Advocacy for Social Development & Environment Uganda (ASDE-U)

P.O.Box 634, Arua, Uganda asdeuhassan@yahoo.com Femmes et Education des Adultes (FEDA) Kazimia, Fizi District, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo P.O.Box 1268, Kigoma, Tanzania Feda.secretariat@yahoo.com

Ibikubiye muri aka gatabo Gushimira 4

Impine 4 Umwinjizo 5 Kuki uyu murongo ngenderwaho washyizwe mu nyandiko? 6 Ni gute uyu murongo ngenderwaho wakoreshwa? 6 Guhuza kuvuga inkuru, gusoma no kwandika 7 Amagambo shingiro 7 Ni gute abagize itsinda rikoresha uburyo bwo kuvuga inkuru bakunguka? 8 Ni iki kigira inkuru imbarutso yo gutangira kureba kure? 9 Ni gute twafasha kuvuga inkuru ku buryo bworoshye? 10 Gushyigikira gusoma no kwandika 18 Inkuru n’imivugo 20 Intambara itera ububabare: Yotoma James 21 Guhangana n’ihezwa: Gasi Stella 22 Yavukijwe kwiga kubera ubwanwa bwe: Christopher Malone 23 Nahisemo neza? Gertarude Philip 24 Tagisi, mbabarira ! Henry Nyombi 25 Ndataka bucece… Judy Amunga 26 Abaturanyi mu mahoro: Boniface Ambani 27 Uburezi nk’urufunguzo rw’amahoro: Felicien Nemeyimana 28 Abagore bishyize hamwe: Ketty Newell-Jones 30 Gukira binyuze mu mbabazi: Ekombe Athumani 31 Ingingo eshanu (5) zikubiye mu muteguro wa Feed the Minds 32 Iranga 33

Gushima Aka gatabo kateguriwe gufasha umushinga witwa Trouma healing through storytelling, reading and writing -Gukira ihungabana binyuze mu buryo bwo kuvuga inkuru, gusoma no kwandika, uterwa inkunga na Feed the Minds (FTM) Ku bufatanye na Peacebuilding, Healing and Reconciliation Program (PHARP) – Porogaramu yo kubaka amahoro, gukira n’ubwiyunge, na Sudan Evangelical Mission (SEM) – Umuryango w’ivugabutumwa muri Sudani. By’umwihariko, harashimirwa abantu bitabiriye ibiganiro mpaka byabereye muri Sudani y’Amajyepho na Kenya mu mwaka wa 2010 ari nacyo gihe inkuru nyinshi zasangijwe bwa mbere, ndetse n’abandi batanzeho inkunga inkuru zabo: Adam Sach (FTM) Jane Akinyi (PHARP) Ambu David George (SEM) Judy Amunga (Tatua Boniface Ambani (Glory School) Communication) Celestin Buyore N-Bose (PHARP) Julius Dobo (SEM) Christopher Malone (SEM) Katy Newell-Jones (FTM) Kornelia Kunze (PHARP) Lilliane Aya Samuel (Education Daniel Okello (Harvest Impact Department West Mundri, Sudan) Ministry) Linet Anindo (PHARP) Ekombe Athumani (FEDA) Michael Augustus (SEM) Felicien Nemeyimana, (PHARP) Pelagie Tuyisenge (PHARP) Gasi Stella (ASDE-U) Peter Onyango (PHARP) Gerald G. Gichanga (PHARP & Rosie Crowther (FTM) CITAM) Ruth Kanamugire (PHARP) Gertarude Philip (SEM) Ruth Patta (PHARP) Grace Bunga (PHARP) Susan Mukarurema (PHARP) Gulliver Ishmael (SEM) Yotoma A. James (SEM) Henry Nyombi (YPDDF) Turashimira abaterankunga ba Feed the Minds bakiriye neza uyu mushinga, ndetse iyo hatabaho ubufatanye nabo, ibiganiro nyunguranabitekerezo ntibyari kubaho, cyangwa ngo imirongo ngenderwaho yandikwe. Impine ASDE-U Advocacy for Social Development & Environment – Uganda CITAM Christ Is The Answer Ministries, Kenya FEDA Femmes et Education des Adults (Women & Adult Literacy), Democratic Republic of the Congo HIV & Human Immunodeficiency Virus & Acquired Immune AIDS Deficiency Syndrome YPDDF Youth with Physical Disability Development Forum, Uganda

Umwinjizo Kuvuga inkuru bifite akamaro gakomeye muri sosiyeti nyafurika, cyane cyane mu muryango. Mu muco, abana batozwaga indangagaciro na kirazira, iyobokamana, ndetse n’imigenzo binyujijwe mu nkuru babwirwaga n’ababyeyi babo. Inkuru zifasha abantu gusobanukirwa aho bari ndetse na bagenzi babo. Ariko kandi, inkuru zimwe na zimwe zishobora guhembera ivangura ry’amoko, ndese zanifashishwa no kwemeza umuntu buhoro buhoro ibyo atemeraga mbere; bityo rero gutoranya inkuru yo kuvuga bikwiye kwitonderwa. Mu bantu bakuru, kuvuga inkuru bikoreshwa kenshi mu buryo bwo gushimisha abumva, nyamara ariko byaba n’igikoresho gikomeye cyo kubaka amahoro mu miryango na sosiyeti yacitsemo ibice. Inkuru zishobora gutuma habaho uburyo bwo gukemura amakimbirane, gufasha abantu kubabarira no kwiyunga. Kuvuga inkuru bishobora kugira akamaro ko kwihanganisha abaririra ababo babuze cyangwa abarizwa no kubura ibindi bintu bitandukanye. Abavuga inkuru birabungura kuko bituma bumva batari bonyine; ndetse ko abandi bumvise ibintu bitandukanye by’ubuzima bwabo. Uw’uteze amatwi, ashobora kumva inkuru agasobanukirwa ibihe, binyuze mu maso n’amatwi by’undi. Iyo bikoranywe ubuhanga, uburyo inkuru ivuzwemo bwafasha abantu kugira imigambi yo kubaka ubuzima bwiza no gutera imbere. Muri sosiyeti zimwe na zimwe, ubuvanganzo bwo kuvuga inkuru bugenda butakarira mu ntambara n’amakimbirane, biterwa no gusenyuka kw’imiryango cyangwa n’umuvuduko mu ikoranabuhanga. Kugirango ubutunzi n’ubuhanga bwo kuvuga inkuru bugarurwe muri sosiyeti zacu, hateguwe ibiganiro nyunguranabitekerezo muri Sudani y’amajyepfo na Kenya, bihagarariwe n’ubuyobozi bwa Feed the Minds mu bufatanye na Sudan Evangelical Mission (SEM) na Peacebuilding , Healing and Reconciliation Programme (PHARP). Abari bari muri ibi biganiro baturutse muri Sudani y’Amajyepfo, Kenya, Repubulika iharanira Demukarasi ya Kongo, Urwanda na Uganda; ibihugu byagizweho ingaruka n’intambara ndetse n’amacakubiri mu gihe gishize. Ibiganiro nyunguranabitekerezo byibanze cyane cyane ku mbaraga zo kuvuga inkuru mu kubaka amahoro, gukira ihungabana, uburere mboneragihugu, gukemura amakimbirane no kongerera ubushobozi kwigisha gusoma no kwandika, ndetse n’akamaro kabyo muri sosiyeti. Kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi byafashije ibi biganiro nyunguranabitekerezo gutungana, harimo ikiganiro cyabayeho cyavugaga uko kuvuga inkuru byatezwa imbere, ari nacyo gitekerezo nyamukuru gikubiye muri iki gitabo. Ahagana ku isoza ry’ibiganiro, hegeranyijwe inkuru kandi hashyirwaho n’imirongo ngenderwaho ku bazahugura mu matorero no muri sosiyeti, hitabwaho cyane cyane abagizweho ingaruka n’ihungabana hamwe n’ivangura, ndetse n’abahawe akato kubera amakimbirane.

Kuki uyu murongo ngenderwaho washyizwe mu nyandiko?

Feed the Minds, PHARP, na SEM biyemeje gukoresha ubu buryo bwo kuvuga inkuru, by’umwihariko nk’igikoresho cyo kubaka amahoro. Kubaka amahoro bikubiyemo gukira ihungabana, gukemura amakimbirane, ubwiyunge, kongerera ubushobozi sosiyeti, n’uburere mboneragihugu. Kubaka amahoro ntibikenewe gusa muri sosiyeti zugarijwe n’intambara n’amakimbirane; ahubwo biranakenewe muri sosiyeti zose. Ahari ivangura no gushyira mu kato ababana n’ubwandu n’abarwaye sida, ababana n’ubumuga cyangwa irindi tsinda ry’abantu bahejwe, kubaka amahoro byakubaka ikizere, byaha abantu ubushobozi, kandi byaha imbaraga sosiyeti. Inkuru zishobora kuba inzira yo guha abahuye n’ibibazo by’ivangura, ihungabana, gushyirwa mu kato cyangwa ihohoterwa, ubushobozi bwo kuvuga ibyababayeho no gutegwa amatwi. Zishobora gutuma kandi ibibazo byinshi byitabwaho, nk’ibyo gufata ku ngufu, gukura abantu mu byabo, amakimbirane y’amoko no kudahagararirwa kw’abagore. By’umwihariko, zagira akamaro cyane mu mashuri yigisha gusoma no kwandika n’ahandi higishirizwa, bigatera imbaraga abari mu biganiro mpaka gusangizanya iby’ubuzima bwabo, biga gusoma no kwandika ku bintu bibafitiye akamaro ndetse no kugenda barushaho kwigirira icyizere cyo gutinyuka gukora mu buzima bwabo. Abantu benshi bahugura amatsinda bazi uburyo inkuru no kuzivuga byagira akamaro kanini, ariko bakabura kwigirira ikizere n’ubumenyi bwo kuzikoresha. Twizera ko umuntu wese yabasha kuvuga inkuru. Uyu murongo ngenderwaho washyizwe mu nyandiko kugirango bitange inama, ibitekerezo, n’ingero. Ni gute uyu murongo ngenderwaho wakoreshwa?

Dushishikariza abahugura abandi kubona uyu murongo ngenderwaho nk’ihuriro ry’ibitekerezo n’ibyifuzo. Inkuru ziri muri aki gitabo zishobora gukoreshwa uko zigaragazwa hano. Icyakora uko twagiye tubibona, amatsinda yunguka cyane iyo havuzwe inkuru zabo bwite, hanyuma bakaziganiraho, buri wese akigira kubyo mugenzi we yanyuzemo.

Guhuza kuvuga inkuru, gusoma no kwandika Kenshi na kenshi inkuru zivugwa hakoreshejwe kwatura, zitanditse. Ariko kandi, tubona gusoma no kwandika nk’imfunguzo z’ingenzi mu kubaka ubushobozi. Dushishikariza abahugura abandi bakoresha ubu buryo bwo kuvuga inkuru, kongeraho n’uburyo bwo gusoma no kwandika. Abo muri twe basoma bakanandika ku buryo bworoshye, kwandika inkuru zacu byarushaho kumvikanisha icyo dushaka kuvuga. Kandi na none kumva abandi basoma inkuru zacu bidufasha kubona indi shusho y’ubumenyi butandukanye twakiriye mu buzima bwacu. Ku bandi gusoma no kwandika bikomerera, kwandika inkuru zabo, kenshi bafashijwe n,abandi, bishobora kuba inzira yo kwiga amagambo mashya no kwitoza kwandika, ariko ikirutaho, bishobora kuba inzira yo guha agaciro ibitekerezo n’ubumenyi byabo. Ubwabo bagashobora kwirebera ibitekerezo byabo ku mpapuro, ndetse n’ubwo byaba biri mu mvugo yoroshye, bakaniyumvira ishema ryo kumenyekanisha ibitekerezo byabo mu nyandiko.

Amagambo shingiro Abari bitabiriye ibiganiro mpaka muri Sudani y’Amajyepfo batoranyije aya magambo shingiro cumi na biri (12) akurikira yagaragaye mu nkuru nyinshi. Buri nkuru yose yashyizwe muri aka gatabo ifitanye isano byibuze n’abiri yo muri aya magambo shingiro. Andi matsinda nayo akwiriye gusoma izi nkuru ndetse akanatoranya andi magambo shingiro, afite ibikomeye asobanura kuri bo. Uburere mbonera gihugu ► Agahinda Amakimbirane ► Gukira Ivangura ► Urupfu Gusuhuka ► imbabazi Amahoro ► Akato Ubwiyunge ► Isumbana rishingiye ku gitsina/abagore

Ni gute abagize itsinda rikoresha uburyo bwo kuvuga inkuru bakunguka? Iyo uburyo bwo kuvuga inkuru bukoreshejwe mu matsinda y’abantu bafite ibibazo by’ubuzima bahuriyeho, ‘uw’uvuga inkuri’ yungukira k’uw’uteze amatwi nawe ubwe afite

ubuhamya bw’ibyo banyuzemo, banashobora gusangizanya imitwaro yabo y’ibikomere n’umubabaro. Kuvuga inkuru bishobora guha umuntu imbaraga zo kuvuga, bwa mbere, ukuri ndetse no kurushaho gusobanukirwa ububabare bakomeje kugenda babamo. Abahohoteye abandi nabo bashobora kungurwa no kuvuga inkuru, bikabafasha kwatura ibyo bakoze, uko bumva bamerewe ku bwabyo, ndetse kenshi na kenshi bagashobora no kuvuga uko bumvaga imbaraga zabasunikaga muri kirya gihe. ‘Uw’uteze amatwi’ ashobora kungurwa no kumva ko ibyo undi yanyuzemo bisa n’ibye

bwite, kandi ibi bikaba bishobora kugabanya kwiyumvamo ko ari wenyine, cyangwa indishyi, ndetse agatangira kubaka intindo. Ashobora gutangira kubona ko n’abandi nabo barimo kunyura mu bibazo nk’ibye mu buzima bwa buri munsi, nko kwibuka ibyabaye, nko kurota ibiteye ubwoba, nko kudashobora gusura ahantu runaka, nko ku miyoboro y’amazi aho inkuruzi yaturutse, nko kutoroherwa no gukunda umwana wabyawe nyina yafashwe ku ngufu. ‘Uw’uteze amatwi’ kandi ashobora kungurwa no kumva inkuru z’ibyo abantu banyuzemo,

bitandukanye cyane n’ibye bwite. Ibi bishobora gufasha abantu kugira ibitekerezo bitandukanye ku makimbirane, rimwe na rimwe bigatuma barushaho gusobanukirwa ingaruka z’ibyo banyuzemo ubwabo. Urugero, nk’umugore wagumye mu mudugudu w’ iwabo mu gihe cy’amakimbirane, yihishe, afite ubwoba, atanga ubuhamya ku karengane yiboneye, afasha abarokotse, afata inshingano, yita kubashizweho n’imiryango, akemura ibibazo by’ibihombo bye, aganira n’umugore wahunze, kumara imyaka mu nkambi y’impunzi, kubura ibyo kurya no kwihangana, kwishingikiriza ku mfashanyo ziturutse ku baterankunga n’imiryango itegamiye kuri leta nazo zitanizewe, kandi ibyo bidakuyeho no gukomeza kumva intimba yo gufatwa ku ngufu no guhohoterwa. Bashobora kumva inkuru za bagenzi babo, bakanasobanukirwa imibabaro banyuramo. Aba bagore kandi byanabagirira akamaro kumva inkuru z’abavanywe mu byabo bakanatandukanywa n’ababo, cyangwa abahisemo kuba abarwanyi, ndetse n’ihungabana babamo buri munsi w’ubuzima bwabo. Rumwe mu mfunguzo zo gukoresha kuvuga inkuru mu kubaka amahoro ni inzira uhugura cyangwa umuyobozi w’itsinda acamo agashyigikira uburyo bigomba gukorwamo.

Ni iki kigira inkuru imbarutso yo gutangira kureba kure? Inkuru zimwe ziroroha kuzifata mu mutwe kandi zigatera abantu gukomeza kugenda bazitekerezaho igihe kirekire, rimwe na rimwe hagashira n’imyaka. Kubera iyo mpamvu twaribajije ngo ‘ Ni iki kigira inkuru imbarutso yo gutangira kureba kure?’ Inkuru zitera uzumva gutangira kureba kure ni iziba ● Zifite aho zihurira n’ubuzima bw’uzumva ● zivugwa mu rurimi ubwirwa yumva neza ● zemeza kandi zivuga ukuri ● zirimo amavamutima ● zitabwira abantu icyo bagomba gutekereza ahubwo zishishikariza abantu kwitekerereza. Igihe kuvuga inkuru bikoreshejwe mu itsinda, inkuru zigera ku ntego kuruta izindi ni iziba zirimo, cyangwa ari ● umutwe w’amagambo wigarurira ibitekerezo ● ziba ari ngufi kandi zisobanutse ● Zivuga ibintu uko biri kandi zisesenguranye ukuri ● zisobanura uwazanditse, igihe n’aho zandikiwe N’ubwo bimeze bityo, twiyumvishije ko inzira inkuru ikoreshejwemo inganya agaciro n’inkuru ubwayo. Bityo turifuza ko namwe musoma igice gikurikiyeho kivuga uburyo bwo

korohereza kuvuga inkuru.

Ni gute twafasha kuvuga inkuru ku buryo bworoshye ? Inkuru zigisha zishobora kuvugwa n’abantu bakuru, abato, abana, abatazi gusoma no kwandika, abafite inshingano z’ubuyobozi : mu by’ukuri ni buri wese.

Muri aki gitabo turimo turakoresha uburyo bwo kuvuga inkuru nk’igikorwa cy’itsinda kigamije kubaka amahoro, gukira ihungabana ndetse hagamijwe n’ubwiyunge, aho inkuru zivugirwa mu ruhame rw’abagize itsinda. Umujyo wo kuvuga inkuru ugizwe n’intambwe eshatu z’ingenzi : Gutegura Kuvuga inkuru Hanyuma y’inkuru

Gutegura

Gutegura neza abo ugiye kubwira inkuru ni ikintu cy’ingenzi. Ni ngombwa kubaka icyizere kandi abantu baba bakeneye gufashwa kwibona nk’abashoboye kuvuga inkuru. Igihe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvuga inkuru hagamijwe kubaka amahoro ni ngombwa kumenya : ● Ubwoko bw’ukutumvikana n’amakimbirane biri mu buzima bwite bw’abo ubwira ● Ingorane abo ubwira banyuramo Kugaragaza ibihe by’ingenzi, gushushanya ikarita ya sosiyeti n’ishusho y’ikinyugunyugu, ni ibikorwa bitatu byoroshye icyakora bizakenera ubushobozi kandi bishobora gufasha kwitegura kw’amatsinda kuvuga inkuru. Kimwe muri ibi bikorwa gishobora gukoreshwa n’amatsinda magari atandukanye, harimo no kwigisha gusoma no kwandika mu ishuri aho abitabiriye bashobora no kwiga amagambo mashya bakanunguka ubumenyi bushya mu gusoma no kwandika. Mu kugaragaza ibihe by’ingenzi, abantu bahamagarirwa kugaragariza hasi cyangwa ku rupapuro ishusho y’ibihe by’ingenzi byaranze ubuzima bwabo, igihe cyose hagakoreshwa ibishushanyo aho gukoresha amagambo. Hanyuma basabwa kugira icyo babwira abandi kubyo bashushanyije ndetse n’icyo bishatse kuvuga kuri bo bwite. Kwerekana ibihe by’ingenzi byaranze ubuzima bishobora kuba inzira nziza yafasha abantu gutangira kuvuga ku bihe bikomeye byabaye mu buzima bwabo, aho bashobora guhitamo ibyo bavugaho n’uburyo bagomba kubivugaho. Hariho n’izindi nzira z’ingenzi zo kwiga byinshi ku buzima bw’abantu no ku bibazo banyuramo. Hanyuma abantu bashobora guhitamo ibihe runaka byo mu byaranze ubuzima bwabo bakaba aribyo bifashisha mu gusohora inkuru, mu magambo cyangwa mu nyandiko.

Ibihe by’ingenzi Intego : Gufasha abari mu gikorwa kuganira ku bihe by’ingenzi byaranze ubuzima bwabo no gusobanukirwa agahato n’ingorane abandi bacamo. Igikorwa :

Buri wese ukwe, abari mu gikorwa bashushanya ingengabihe z’ubuzima bwabo berekana ibihe by’ingenzi, nko kubaka ingo cyangwa gukurwa mu byabo

Abari mu gikorwa bafata agahe gato bacecetse batekereza ku bihe bigoye nk’amapfa, ibihombo, n’intambara

Abari mu gikorwa bitoza kuvuga inkuru zabo mu matsinda mato agizwe n’abantu 3-4 mu gihe abandi baba bateze amatwi

Itsinda ritoranya inkuru imwe yo kubwira abari mu gikorwa - umuntu umwe avuga inkuru muri make - umuntu umwe avauga inkuru - umuntu umwe asobanura impamvu inkuru yatoranyijwe

ndetse n’ikiyigira inkuru ihindura imyumvire

Itsinda ryose riganira ku nkuru zavuzwe, hakagarukwaho ku burengazira bwubahirijwe n’ubutarubahirijwe

Itsinda rigaragaza amasomo bakwigira ku nkuru n’uko bafasha abantu muri sosiyeti zabo.

Icyitonderwa ku bahugura abandi : Iki gikorwa gifasha abitabiriye kuganira ku

myumvire itandukanye ndetse no kumva ibitekerezo by’abandi. Ni ngombwa ko abari mu gikorwa badahatirwa kuvuga ku bihe runaka by’ubuzima bwabo, ahubwo bashobora guhitamo kubivugaho byinshi cyangwa bike bitewe n’uko babishatse.

Ibihe by’ingenzi byaranze umudugudu ubwo wigabizwaga n’intagondwa muri Kamba,

Sierra Leone 2001

Mu gushushanya ikarita ya sosiyeti abari mu biganiro mpaka bahamagarirwa gushushanya ikarita ya sositeti yabo bwite, bigakorerwa mu matsinda mato hanyuma hakaganirwa ku bibazo by’ingenzi, urugero nk’ahari amakimbirane no kutumvikana cyangwa se aharusha ahandi kuba abagore bagerwaho n’ingaruka. Kenshi na kenshi, amagambo yanditse ntakoreshwa, hakoreshwa ibishushanyo gusa, byo bifasha amajwi y’abatazi gusoma no kwandika kumvikana nk’ay’ababizi. Iki gikorwa gifasha abantu kurushaho gusobanukirwa sosiyeti z’abandi no kubabona binyuze mu maso y’abandi bantu. Bityo ibibazo bigashobora kugaragazwa ndetse abari mu gikorwa bakifuza kuvuga inkuru kubyo amakimbirane banyuzemo ubwabo muri sosiyeti zabo.

Gushushanya Ikarita ya Sosiyeti (kubwa Doe,Mc Caffery & Newell-Jones, 2004, urupapuro rwa 79) Intego: Kugirango abari mu gikorwa mpaka basangizanye ubumenyi bafite kuri

sosiyeti zabo n’imiterere y’amakimbirane yo mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi. Igikorwa:

Abari mu gikorwa bakora amatsinda y’abantu 3 kugeza kuri 6

Buri tsinda rishushanya ikarita y’umudugudu cyangwa sosiyeti yawo. Ibi bishobora gukorerwa ku butaka hifashishijwe ibikoresho bishobora kuboneka, nk’udukoni ndetse n’amabuye, cyangwa hagashushanywa ku rupapuro runini.

Buri tsinda rigaragaza uduce tw’ingenzi turimo amakimbirane muri sosiyeti yabo. Baganira kuri utu ‘duce dushobora kuvukamo amakimbirane’ ndetse n’ibiyakurura.

Buri tsinda rivuga ku bandi bari mu gikorwa bagendeye ku ikarita abo bavugaho bakoze

Buri tsinda ritoranya ubwoko bumwe cyangwa bwinshi bw’amakimbirane rikabuganiraho ndetse rikanayashakira ibisubizo.

Icyitonderwa ku bahugura abandi:

Gukoresha ikintu gifatika cyangwa ibishushanyo aho gukoresha amagambo, biha uburenganzira buri wese uri mu itsinda gutumbira kuri sosiyeti ye kandi nta numwe biheza niyo yaba atazi gusoma no kwandika.

Ni byiza ko buri wese yakwiyumvamo ubushobozi bwo gufatanya n’abandi. Nta bisubizo ‘bitari byo’, kugaragaza ibitekerezo n’ibyifuzo ni ingenzi kandi ibitekerezo bya buri wese bigahabwa agaciro.

Iki gikorwa gishobora kwifashishwa nk’ishingiro ryo kuvuga inkuru mu itsinda, bigakurikirwa no kugira igikorwa ku bibazo bimwe na bimwe mu byagaragajwe, hashakishwa uburyo bwo kubaka amahoro.

Gukora ikarita ndetse byanaganisha no ku bindi bikorwa byo gusoma no kwandika ( urugero, abatangizi bongera amagambo fatizo ku ikarita, abo mu gika cyo hagati bandika ku makimbirane yo muri sosiyeti zabo.

Ikarita ya sosiyeti ikennye, ya Kibera, iri mu nkengero y’umujyi, Nairobi, Kenya 2010, igaragaza amakimbirane hagati y’abakirisitu n’abayisiramu, n’intwaro bambukiranya inzira ya gariyamoshi, bahanganira amashuri kandi umurwano utangirira ku kimoteri cy’imyanda.

Ishusho y’igitagangurirwa ishobora kwifashishwa mu gusangizanya ibyo abantu bazi mu buzima, ndetse n’inkuru bikorewe mu itsinda, ibi kandi bikaba byaganisha ku kubaka amahoro ndetse no kongerera sosiyeti ubushobozi.

Ishusho y’igitagangurirwa

Intego:

Ijamo shingiro ritoranywa n’itsinda rigashyirwa hagati mu rupapuro ( urugero: ubuyobozi, urupfu, gutora )

Abari mu gikorwa bavuga amagambo bashaka guhuza n’ijambo shingiro ( urugero : abagabo, ruswa, inshingano, ubugwaneza, gutora, demokarasi )

Abari mu gikorwa basabwa kuvuga impamvu bahisemo aya magambo

Abari mu gikorwa bahamagarirwa gusangizanya inkuru z’iby’ubuzima bwabo bibukijwe n’ijambo shingiro ndetse n’ikiganiro.

Icyitonderwa ku bahugura abandi:

Igihe cyo kwatura amagambo, cyangwa gutanga ibitekerezo bitandukanye ngo hatoranywemo ibyiza kuruta ibindi, ni ngombwa ko ibitekerezo bya buri wese bishyirwamo. Nta bisubizo ‘biri byo’ cyangwa ‘bitari byo’ mu gihe abantu bazahuza ijambo shingiro n’ibintu bitandukanye bahuye nabyo mu buzima bwabo Iki gikorwa gishobora kugira akamaro ahigishirizwa gusoma no kwandika, kuko ubwacyo kiganisha ku ugutoranya amagambo mashya, kwiga uko bayandika, ndetse no kuyashyira mu nteruro bigaragajwe n’abari mu gikorwa.

Ishusho y’igitagangurirwa igaragaza ibiranga umuyobozi mwiza, yavuye mu gikorwa

cyabereye muri Sudani y’Amajyepfo, 2010 Iyo inkuru zamaze gutoranywa, n’itsinda rikaba ryiteguye kuvuga no kumva inkuru z’abandi, igihe cyose uhugura agomba

Gutoranya ahantu umuntu wese yumva yisanzuye kandi hatari ibirangaza

Kwemerera abari mu gikorwa kwitoranyiriza ibyo bavugaho kugirango batumva ko bashyizweho agahato ko kuvuga ibyo bumvaga bakwiye kwigumanira.

Kumenya neza ko uvuga inkuru azi neza impamvu ushaka kumva inkuru zabo kandi ko bashobora kuvuga bike cyangwa byinshi bitewe n’uko babihisemo

Kumenya neza ko uvuga inkuru azi neza ko inkuru zabo zizagirwa ibanga kandi ntawe uzazisubiramo uretse gusa bene zo aribo babyifuje.

Mu kuvuga inkuru Mu gihe inkuru irimo kuvugwa, uhugura agomba gukomeza kwita k’uw’uvuga inkuru ndetse n’itsinda. Itsinda muri Sudani y’Amajyepfo ryagaragaje ubu buryo bukurikira:

Kugaragaza gukurikira, ubushake, no gutega amatwi wigengesereye

Kugira impuhwe ndetse n’ubugwaneza mu mutima

Kureba mu maso h’uw’uvuga inkuru mu gihe arimo kukureba

Kwirinda ibirangaza bitari ngombwa byaguturukaho cyangwa byaturuka ku itsinda

Kubazanya ibibazo ubwitonzi hagamijwe kurushaho gusobanukirwa cyangwa kwigiririra ikizere, niba koko biri ngombwa kubazwa

Kwemerera uvuga inkuru kuvuga byinshi cyangwa bike bitewe n’uko abihisemo

Mu gihe amavamutima aganje uvuga, ijambo ry’ubugwaneza, cyangwa kumufatafata mu kiganza byagira akamaro

Kwigirira ikizere mu gutega amatwi; wigerageza ndetse witekereza ku bifite akamaro byo kuvuga

Reka habeho agahe gato ko guceceka, uvuga inkuru akimara gusoza. Hanyuma y’inkuru

Uburyo itsinda ryigaragaza nyuma y’ uko umuntu arangije kuvuga inkuru bishobora guhindura byinshi k’uw’uvuga inkuru no mu buryo bwo gukira. Iyo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvuga inkuru hagamijwe kubaka amahoro no gukira ihungabana, ibi bikurikira ni ingenzi: Ibikwiye gukorwa:

Shimira uwavuze inkuru kuba yavuze inkuru ye

Menya umwete bakeneye guterwa ngo bavuge inkuru zabo

Ha uvuga inkuru umwanya wo kwicara acecetse niba abishatse

Shishikariza uvuga inkuru kuvuga ku bice by’inkuru ashatse kuvugaho, mbere yo gusobanura byinshi ku bindi bice.

Hanyuma, tanga umwanya uhagije wo guhanahana ibitekerezo

Soreza ku guha amahirwe buri wese yo kuvuga icyo yungukiye mu nkuru. Kugira ubuhamya ukuye mu nkuru y’umuntu wateze amatwi, no gusabana n’umuvuzi w’inkuru ni kimwe mu nyungu zikomeye umuhanga mu gutega amatwi yagira.

Ibidakwiye gukorwa:

Wihita utangirana no kubaza ibibazo byinshi ako kanya

Wigerageza gutanga inama cyangwa gutanga ibisubizo

Wishishikariza abandi guhita binjira mu nkuru zabo uko zakabaye

Wikwihutira cyane kujya ku bindi Nk’umuntu uteze amatwi, si umurimo wawe gutanga inama, gukemura ibibazo, cyangwa kubona ibisubizo.

Igihe kuvuga inkuru bikoreshejwe mu itsinda, shishikariza itsinda gutahura no kugaragaza ibibazo by’ingenzi. Uw’uvuga inkuru amaze gushira amanga yo kuvuga inkuru zabo : tugomba gushira amanga tugahamya, tukamenya aho ivangura, guhohotera cyangwa gufata ku ngufu byaba byaragize ingaruka ku buzima bw’umuntu. Kenshi ibi biba byiza iyo bikozwe n’abantu babiri babiri cyangwa mu matsinda mato mato kugirango buri wese abone amahirwe yo kuvuga ku nkuru, mu gihe uwavuze inkuru aba afite umwanya wo kwiyicarira acecetse cyangwa se kuvugana n’uw’uhugura. Fasha itsinda gusanisha ibibazo byagaragajwe n’ubuzima bwabo bwite. Urugero, niba inkuru isobanura ivangura, ushobora kubasaba gutekereza ku nzira abantu batandukanye bakorerwamo ivangura muri sosiyeti zabo. Ushobora no kubabaza niba hari ivangura riri mu miryango yabo bwite, cyangwa aho umuntu yajya kwakirira ubufasha muri sosiyeti. Hanyuma, bikoranywe ubugwaneza, ni byiza gushishikariza buri wese kugira ubutumwa yigezaho buvuye mu nkuru, hasubizwa ikibazo ‘ni iki nungutse ?’ na ‘ni iki nkwiye gukora ?’

Gushyigikira gusoma no kwandika

Kimwe mu byiza byo kuvuga inkuru ni uko buri wese, yaba azi gusoma no kwandika cyangwa atabizi, ashobora kuvuga inkuru ifite akamaro. Feed the Minds yiyemeje gufasha igikorwa cyo kwigisha gusoma no kwandika binyuze mu bufatanye bwacu bwose, kandi yashyizeho umuteguro w’ingingo eshanu zo kwigisha gusoma no kwandika - a Five Point Literacy Plan – (reba ku rupapuro rubanziriza uruhera) igomba kwibutsa igihe cyose turimo gukorera muri sosiyeti, aho abantu bamwe baba bafite ubuhanga buke mu byo gusoma no kwandika. Umuteguro w’ingingo eshanu (the Five Point Literacy Plan) ntubereyeho gufasha gusa gahunda zo mu mashuri n’ahandi higishirizwa gusoma no kwandika, ahubwo unafasha muri porogaramu zose z’ubufatanye. Muri porogaramu zose zishingiye kuri sosiyeti, hazabaho abantu bari ku nzego zitandukanye mu gusoma no kwandika. Abantu bamwe bashobora gusoma no kwandika biboroheye mu gihe abandi bashobora kuba bafite ubuhanga mu gusoma no kwandika cyangwa nta namba. Tugombye

1. Kumenya ubuhanga bwo gusoma no kwandika bwabafatanyabikorwa/sosiyeti bacu 2. Kudaheza abatazi kwandika no gusoma 3. Guhindura ibikoresho byose byanditse ku buryo biba bikwiranye n’ababwirwa 4. Gushyiraho ‘uburuo bworoshye’ bwo kwigisha gusoma no kwadika 5. Gusangizanya kwitoza kwiza hagamijwe guteza imbere ubuhanga bwo gusoma no

kwandika. Urugero, umushinga urwanya agakoko gatera sida na sida warushaho kugera ku ntego zawo buri gikoresho cyawo cyanditse kibaye kiri mu rurimi rworoshye kandi n’umushinga wo kwigisha ku matora wafasha abatora kwiyumvamo igikorwa mu gihe abaturage bashobora gusoma impapuro zitorerwaho. Gushyiraho ‘uburyo bworoshye’ Iyo tuvuze ‘uburyo bworoshye’ tuba tuvuga gukoresha neza imirimo yo gusoma no kwandika ku buryo abantu bakoresha ubuhanga bwo gusoma no kwandika basanzwe bafite ndetse no kubwagura buhoro buhoro.Aha hakubiyemo

Gushushanya ikarita ya sosiyeti itariho amagambo ku ikubitiro, nyuma hakongerwaho amagambo make, nka ishuri, urusengero, guca utwobo twanditse ku buryo bugaragara neza iruhande rw’ibishushanyo, kugirango hafashwe babandi bafite inzitizi mu buhanga bwo gusoma no kwandika, guhuza amagambo n’amashusho ku buryo bworoshye

Gusaba itsinda kugaragaza amagambo shingiro ari mu nkuru ashobora kugorana kuyandika no kubashishikariza gufatanya hagati yabo.

Indi nzira yo gufasha gusoma no kwandika mu gihe cyo kuvuga inkuru ni ugusaba abantu bakavuga inkuru zabo mu matsinda mato hanyuma itsinda rigatoranya inkuru imwe yo kubwira itsinda ryose hakoreshejwe interuro nke cyane, birashoboka nk’esheshatu. Inyinshi mu nkuru ziri muri aka gatabo zikomoka ku gukoresha ubu buryo bworoshye gutya.

Inkuru mu nteruro esheshatu

Intego

Guha ubushobozi abantu bwo kuganira mu buryo bworoheje ku bihe by’ingenzi byaranze ubuzima bwabo. Igikorwa

Mu matsinda mato, abari mu gikorwa batoranya inkuru, urugero zivuye ku bihe by’ingenzi by’umuntu bwite cyangwa ibiri ku ikarita

Bafatanyije bakora interuro esheshatu ngufi zivuga inkuru, buri nteruro ikandikwa ukwayo itandukanyijwe n’izindi

Buri tsinda riganiriza andi matsinda ku nkuru yaryo bakungurana ibitekerezo ku bibazo by’ingenzi.

Icyitonderwa ku bahugura abandi

Iki gikorwa kigenda neza nubwo abantu baba bafite cyangwa badafite urwego rwo hejuru cyangwa rwo hasi mu gusoma no kwandika. Uburyo bwifashishwa ngo hafatwe umwanzuro kuri ziriya nteruro esheshatu bufasha itsinda kumenya ingingo z’ingenzi. Umusaruro ni uko izi nkuru kenshi na kenshi zigira imbaraga, aho zishobora gutuma havuka ibiganiro byinshi ndetse n’ibikorwa byubaka amahoro.

Niba uburyo bwo kuvuga inkuru burimo gukoreshwa ahigishirizwa gusoma no kwandika cyangwa mu mashuri, inkuru ikwiriye gukoreshwa nk’ishingiro y’ibikorwa byose biteganyijwe gukorwa. Ku ishuri ry’abatangizi, hakwiriye gutoranywa amagambo shingiro yoroshye kandi hakubakwa n’itsinda ry’umuryango, bikaba byakorwa mu rurimi rukoreshwa aho ngaho. Urugero, ijambo urwandiko rishobora gutoranywa mu nkuru, ariryo abari mu gikorwa bashobora kubakiraho itsinda ry’umuryango w’andi magambo aherwa na –ndiko;

Urwandiko umwandiko umwibandiko imfundiko Aya magambo ashobora gukoreshwa mu nteruro, cyangwa agahurizwa mu nkuru. Yanejejwe no kubona urwandiko. Yashoboye gusoma umwandiko. Yamushoboje kumukubita umwibandiko. Yaragenze ababara imfundiko Ku gika cy’abiga gusoma no kwandika bamaze kwigira imbere, abakigize bashobora gukorere mu dutsinda duto, mbere na mbere bandika ku nkuru zabo. Andi matsinda asigaye akaganira ku byo bifuza ko byakurikiraho bishobora kubaka amahoro muri sosiyeti ndetse nayo akagira agakuru kayo gato yandika kugirango gafashe kugera ku ntego. Ibindi bitekerezo kubyerekeranye no gusoma no kwandika ndetse n’ibikorwa byo kubaka amahoro bishobora kuboneka muri Integrating Literacy and Peacebuilding: Umurongo ngenderwaho ku bahugura n’abafasha amahugurwa, 2004 biboneka ku rubuga www.balid.uk/literacy.htm

Inkuru n’imivugo

Izi nkuru n’imyandiko bikurikira byanditswe n’abafatanyabikorwa ba Feed the Minds mu mwaka wa 2010. Inyinshi zavuzwe mu kiganirp mpaka cyabereye i Kotobi, Sudani y’Amajyepfo, ariko zimwe zateguwe hanyuma. Ku ikubitiro, zimwe mu nkuru zavugiwe mu matsinda mato yari arimo benshi bafasha igikorwa cyo kwigisha gusoma no kwandika. Hanyuma, itsinda ryashyize iyo nkuru mu nteruro nkeya kandi ngufi zishobora gukoreshwa ahigishirizwa gusoma no kwandika. Kenshi na kenshi izi nkuru zihinnye zigira imbaraga zingana n’iz’inkuru ndende. Nubwo inyinshi muri izi nkuru zivuga ibihe by’ingorane, uburibwe, intimba n’ibihombo, abanditsi bazo bose bashoboye kongera kubaka ubuzima bwabo, kandi ni abanyamuryango bakora b’imiryango itegamiye kuri leta muri sosiyeti zabo, ndetse bagira uruhare rukomeye mu nzira nyinshi nk’abantu bubaka amahoro.

Intambara itera ububabare Iyi ni inkuru yo gusuhutswa no gutakaza ubuzima kw’abavandimwe banjye Urusisiro rwacu rwari rwatewe n’intagondwa Cumi na batandatu bose bo mu muryango wanjye bajyanyweho iminyago n’intagondwa babashinja gukorana na leta Mu bantu 16, abagabo 6 barishwe Aba batandatu bose bari abavandimwe banjye Kwibuka uru rupfu biracyari ububabare kuri twe Yotoma James, Kotobi, Sudani y’Amajyepfo, Gicurasi 2010

Ibibazo byo kuganirwaho n’itsinda :

1. Ni izihe ngaruka utekereza ko ibi bihe byaba byaragize ku muryango wa Yotoma ? 2. Utekereza ko Yotoma yaba yiyumva ate nyuma yo kurokoka ? 3. Ni gute umuryango wagombye kwibuka abagabo watakaje ?

Amagambo shingiro : Amakimbirane, urupfu, intimba, gukira, ubwiyunge

Guhangana n’ihezwa Ndi imfubyi, napfushije ababyeyi bange bazize agakoko gatera sida(VIH) na sida(AIDS) Data yari umushoferi, atwara ikamyo kuva Kampala kujya Arua Yari afite umugore muto wari waramwaduje indwara Yanze kujya kwipimisha Kandi yapfuye mu mwaka wa 1996 mu buryo bubi Ibyo byatumye tubaho nabi cyane Ndetse bamwe muri twe bituma batagera mu ishuri Mushiki wange turabana kandi amfasha kwita k’umukobwa wange Ndimo ndamwigisha gusoma no kwandika. Gasi Stella, Kotobi, Sudani y’Amajyepfo, Gicurasi 2010

Hashingiwe kubyo azi mu majyaruguru ya Uganda

Ibibazo byo kuganirwaho n’itsinda:

1. Ni gute Stella n’umuryango we baba barabayeho nabi nk’ingaruka za virusi itera sida na sida?

2. Utekereza ko ari gute Stella yaba yiyumvamo Se?

3. Hari umuntu waba uzi ubana n’ubwandu butera Sida na Sida? Nigute

mubitwaraho ? ni inde wundi uhezwa muri sosiyeti yanyu ? 4. Uzi gutahura ko waba ufite cyangwa udafite agakoko gatera sida ?

Amagambo shingiro : Ivangura, imbabazi, ubusumbane bushingiye ku gitsina/abagore, intimba, gukira, urupfu, ihezwa

Yavukijwe kwiga kubera ubwanwa bwe Igihe data yari ari ku ishuri, intambara yarateye Intambara yararangiye Data yasubiye ku ishuri Umwarimu yanze kumwemerera kuhaguma Yari yarateretse ubwanwa Yasubijwe yo ngo ajye kurongora Christopher Malone, Kotobi, Sudani y’Amajyepfo, Gicurasi 2010 Hashingiwe kubyo azi mu ntambara yo muri Sudani

Ibibazo byo kuganirwaho n’itsinda :

1. Ni inde waba uzi utarashoboye kwiga bitewe n’amakimbirane ? 2. Ni irihe vangura riri muri iyi nkuru ?

3. Iyaba umwana wawe yarangiwe kwiga ni hehe wari kujya gushakira inama ?

Amagambo shingiro : uburere mboneragihugu, amakimbirane, ivangura

Nahisemo neza? Mu ntambara ntihari hariho abadogiteri benshi cyangwa imiti Napfushije data kubera iyi mpamva Icyo gihe umugabo wanjye yararwaye cyane maze mbwirwa ko agomba gufata imiti iturutse kure cyane Nkwiriye kugumana na we cyangwa kujya gushaka imiti yo kurokora ubuzima bwe? Nagiye gushaka imiti Ariko yaje gupfa ntaragaruka, ntamuri iruhande Kutahaba byamenaguye umutima. Gertarude Philip, Kotobi, Sudani y’Amajyepfo, Gicurasi 2010

Hashingiwe kubyo azi mu ntambara yo muri Sudani

Ibibazo byo kuganirwaho n’itsinda :

1. Ni uruhe ruhare amakimbirane yagize mu rupfu rwa se n’umugabo we ? 2. Ni iyihe serivisi y’ubuzima iri muri sosiyeti yawe ubu ?

3. Ni gute utekereza Gertarude yashobora kongera kubaka ubuzima bwe ?

Amagambo shingiro : amakimbirane, urupfu, agahinda

Tagisi, mbabarira ! Bwana Fred Mugerwa ni umunyeshuri muri kaminuza ya Makerere. Afite ubumuga bw’umubiri. Umunsi umwe ubwo Fred yari mu nzira ataha iwabo mu mujyi wa Kampala, yangiwe kwinjira muri tagisi. Uwari utwaye tagisi yarasakuje ati : ‘ Nta gihe mfite cyo gutakaza ku bantu bagoryamye’. Abandi binjijwe muri tagisi, ariko nta n’umwe wafashije Fred igihe yasunikirwaga hanze. Fred ni umunyamuryango mu mushinga utegamiye kuri leta (NGO) witwa Youth with Phyisical Disabilities Development Forum- YPDDF, ugenekereje bishatse kuvuga ‘ Ihuriro ry’urubyiruko rubana n’ubumuga rigamije kwiteza imbere. Yamenye ko muri Uganda ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga hari amategeko arengera uburenganzira bw’ababana n’ubumuga, kandi afata umwanzuro wo gushaka ubutabera. Hamwe n’inama yahawe na YPDDF , Fred yagiye kuri polisi ya Uganda no kuri komisiyo ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu maze avuga ibitaramunyuze kuri kompanyi y’amatagisi Abatwara amatagisi bahaye Fred amafaranga kugirango ikibazo kirangire. Fred yanze kwakira amafaranga kuko yashakaga ko urukiko ruhamya icyaha kompanyi ya tagisi ngo bityo n’abandi bigire ku byamubayeho. Henry Nyombi, Ihuriro ry’urubyiruko rubana n’ubumuga rigamije kwiteza imbere

(Youth with Physical Disability Development Forum, hashingiwe ku byo azi muri Uganda

Ibibazo byo kuganirwaho n’amatsinda:

1. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw’ivangura bwahabaye? Utekereza ko Bwana Mugerwa yaba yarumvise amaze ate ubwo yangirwaga kwinjira muri tagisi?

2. Waba warigeze uvangurwa? Ni hehe wabashije kujya gusaba ubwunganizi?

3. Uba warakiriye amafaranga kompayi ya tagisi yahaga Fred cyangwa wari kujyana

ikirego mu rukiko? Amagambo shingiro: Uburere mboneragihugu, ivangura, akato

Ndataka bucece… Imirindi iremereye yinjira mu nzu Umutima wanjye uraturaguzwa Nyuma y’iminota mike mama arataka Nyuma gato ya mirindi iragenda! Ntaka bucece kandi ngerageza gusinzira Ejo ngomba kujya ku ishuri Nibaza impamvu data akubita mama. Judy Amunga, Tatua communication, August 2010

Hashingiwe kubyo azi muri Kenya

Ibibazo byo kuganirwaho n’amatsinda:

1. Utekereza ko ari iki gituma umugabo akubita umugore muri iyi nkuru? 2. Utekereza ko abana bagombaga kumererwa bate?

3. Ni nde wafasha uyu muryango muri sosiyeti yanyu?

Amagambo shingiro: Ubusumbane bushingiye ku gitsina/abagore, agahinda, urupfu, amakimbirane

Abaturanyi mu mahoro Ndi umugabo ushobora kuzana amahoro Nkunda igihugu cyange cyane Ni gute nakwica umuturanyi wange, Mu gihe ari ikiremwa muntu nkange? Kuki umuturanyi wange arimo kwicwa n’inzara, Ashonje, Kandi mfite ibiryo? Mpagaze munsi y’izuba Rizengurutswe n’inyenyeri Ndahira ko ntazigera ndeka usonza, muturanyi wange Boniface Ambani, Kibera, Kenya, Kanama 2010 Hashingiwe kubyo akibuka amaranye imyaka 13

Ibibazo byo kuganirwaho n’itsinda:

1. Ni gute abaturanyi bitwaranaho muri sosiyeti yawe? 2. Ni gute wafasha umuturanyi wawe?

3. Ni gute umuturanyi wawe yagufasha n’umuryango wawe?

Amagambo shingiro: amakimbirane, ubwiyunge, amahoro, gukira

Uburezi nk’urufunguzo rw’amahoro Mariya yabaye mu cyaro cya kure aho kwigisha umwana w’umukobwa bitari ngombwa cyane. Abantu bakundaga Mariya kubera umutima we w’ubugwaneza no gukorana n’Itorero, ariko kujya mu ishuri byari byaramugoye. Inshuti ye Gloria yarize kuko Se yari umwarimu. Umwarimu witwaga Petero yakunze Mariya ngo bazabane. Ababyeyi babo bombi bumvikanye ku nkwano. Nyuma yo kwemeranwa kuzabana, Petero yagize amahirwe yo kujya mu bufaransa gukomerezayo amasomo. Mbere y’uko agenda bumvikanye ko bazajya bakomeza kubwirana iby’imyiteguro y’ubukwe. Yari abizi ko Mariya atazi kwandika no gusoma neza. Petero ari mu bufaransa, yandikiye Mariya amubwira ukuntu igihugu ari cyiza, ndetse n’uko amukumbuye. Mariya yirukankiye kwa Gloria ngo amusomere ayo mabaruwa. Nubwo Mariya yizeye Gloria, Gloria yagiriye ishyari Mariya kuko yari agiye kurongorwa n’umugabo wize, atekereza ko ibyo ari we byari bikwiye. Gloria yahimbye amagambo mabi kugirango ababaze Mariya, kandi anamutere kureka Petero. Mariya yarahungabanye, atekereza ko Petero atigeze amukunda. Mariya yihutiye gusanga nyina amubwira ibyo Gloria yamusomeye bikubiye mu rwandiko rwoherejwe na Petero. Nyina yari azi neza ko Gloria ariwe mukobwa wenyine wari warize muri ako gace, kandi ko yari yarahogojwe no kwifuza ko Petero yamubera umugabo. Yahise akeka ko Gloria yaba yarabeshye Mariya. Yihanganishije umukobwa we kandi amushishikariza kujya mu ishuri ry’abakuze ryo gusoma no kwandika ryari riri kure gato y’iwabo. Mariya yiyemeje kwirengera ingorane yatekerezaga kuzahuriramo nazo, ajya mu ishuri atangira kwiga. Buhoro buhoro, yamenye gusoma no kwandika. Ubwo yasomaga amabaruwa yoherejwe na Petero yasanze ibyo Gloria yamubwiye bitari ukuri. Yafashe umwanzuro wo kwandikira Petero, we ubwe, asobanura ibyabaye. Buhoro buhoro, yagiye abona ko ashobora kwisomera amabaruwa ya Petero no kugira izo yiyandikira ubwe. Bashoboye kwiyunga no gutegura ubukwe bwabo. Felicien Nemeyimana, Kotobi, Sudani y’Amajyepfo, Gicurasi 2010

hashingiwe kubizwi mu Rwanda.

Ibibazo byo kuganirwaho mu itsinda:

1. Ni gute twasobanura

umubano uri hagati ya

Maria na Gliria?

2. Ni uruhe ruhare nyina wa

Maria yagize muri uyu mubano?

3. Ni iyihe nama wagira

ababyeyi babuza abana

babo kwiga?

4. Ni gute kwigisha gusoma

no kwandika byaba igikoresho cy’ubwiyunge

no gukira?

Amagambo shingiro: Ubusumbane bushingiye ku gitsina/abagore, ubwiyunge, amahoro

uubwiyunge,am peace

Abagore bishyize hamwe Hariho umugore wari ukiri muto witwaga Gladys, wari utuye mu mudugudu muto. Yari azi gusoma no kwandika gake cyane, ariko akaba umuntu ugira gahunda, ndetse akaba n’umugwaneza. Iyo igihe cy’ihinga cyageraga, yahingaga umurima we, hanyuma akegeranya abagore bato bagahinga imirima y’abagore batari bashoboye kubyikorera. Mu gihe imirima y’abagore babanaga n’ubumuga ndetse n’abakecuru yabaga irimo guhingwa, bo babaga barera abana. Ubwo igihe cyageraga cyo gutora komite y’uburezi, abagore babwiye Gladys ngo, “Tugomba kugira umugore muri komite, uzaduhagararira?” Gladys yarabyemeye, ndetse atanga n’izina rye. Habaye inama maze umugabo umwe aravuga ngo, “Gladys, uri umugwaneza uzi no guteka neza ariko ntuzi gusoma no kwandika neza. Kubera iyo mpamvu rero, ntushobora kuba muri komite y’uburezi.” Abandi bagabo nabo barabyemera. Mu gihe cyo gutora, byakozwe mu buryo bwo kuzamura amaboko. Abagore bagize ubwoba bwo gutora Gladys kubera ibyo abagabo bari baravuze. Bityo, Gladys ntiyatorwa. Gladys yabajije inshuti ze ati « Kuki mutantoye ? » Barasubiza bati «Ntiwabonye uko umukuru yaturebaga n’ijisho rye ?” Gladys n’inshuti ze barababaye. Komite y’uburezi yagizwe n’abagabo bonyine. Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, iyi sosiyeti yari yarahawe amahugurwa k’uburere mboneragihugu, gutora abayobozi n’akamaro ko gutega amatwi ibitekerezo by’abagore n’ababana n’ubumuga. Amatora yabaye mu muhezo. Buri mukandida wese yabaga ahagarariwe n’igishyimbo cyangwa akabuto. Buri wese yafashe igishyimbo kimwe cyangwa akabuto ashyira mu gasanduku k’amatora. Icyi gihe, abagore ntibagize ubwoba kandi Gladys yaratowe. Ubu rero umurimo ukwiriye kuba uwo gutangira gufasha ibibazo by’abagore kuganirwaho. Ketty Newell Jones, Kotobi, Sudani y’Amajyepfo, Gicurasi 2010

hashingiwe ku bizwi muri Kameroni

Ibibazo byo kuganirwaho mu itsinda:

1. Aya matora yakozwe mu buryo bwa demukarasi kandi bukwiye? 2. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw’ivangura buri muri iyi nkuru?

3. Ni gute mutoranya abayobozi muri sosiyeti yanyu?

Amagambo shingiro : Uburere mboneragihugu, ivangura, ubusumbane bushingiye ku gitsina

Gukira binyuze mu mbabazi

Data yari yarashatse abagore benshi. Umuryango wose wayoborwaga n’umugore wa mbere w’isezerano, bityo rero abana n’abuzukuru be babyungukiragamo. Bari bafite amahirwe ku biryo, amashuri, imyabaro n’ibindi bikenerwa by’ibanze. Hari amakimbirane menshi cyane mu muryango. Mu gihe nabuzwaga kwiga, abavandimwe banjye bo barigaga bafashwa na data. Ariko mama yaje kwiyemeza, afashijwe n’umumisiyoneri n’umwe muri bashiki banjye maze ndiga. Nta n’umwe wo muri bashiki banjye wamaze igihe mu ishuri. Ubwo intambara yo kwibohoza ya Repubulika iharanira Demukarasi ya Kongo (DRC) yateraga, umuvadimwe wange yasezeranye gutanga uburyo bwo gutwara umuryango wange ariko yatwaye umuryango we wonyine. Jye na bashiki banjye dusigara nta kirengera, duhungabanye, kandi tugerwaho n’ingaruka nyinshi. Ubwo ingabo zageraga mu mudugudu wacu, zadusanze mu rugo rwacu maze zijyana bashiki banjye. Nyuma y’iminota bagarutse kumfata, bantegeka ku gahato kureba uko bashiki banjye bafatwaga ku ngufu, bashinyagurirwa. Umusirikare umwe yaraje aradukiza maze atujyana aho abasirikari bari bakambitse, ariko umwe muri bashiki banjye yanze ko tujyana. Nyuma naje gusubira kumushaka ariko nsanga yimanitse. Twamaze mu nkambi y’impunzi imyaka ibiri. Dusubijwe mu byacu, nabonye abavandimwe, kandi ubwiyunge buragenda bugerwaho buhoro buhoro. Ubu nyuma y’imyaka tubanye mu mahoro, dufashanya kandi dufatanya. Ariko n’ubwo bimeze bityo, igikomere kirekire kizamara iyindi myaka myinshi kugirango gikire. Ekombe Athumani, Kotobi, Sudani y’Amajyepfo, Gicurasi 2010 hashingiwe ku bizwi muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo

Ibibazo byo kuganirwaho mu matsinda:

1. Ni mu zihe nzira uburenganzira bw’abagore butubahirijwe? 2. Ni gute Athumani yongeye kubaka umuryango we? 3. Wari kumva umeze ute iyo uba wari Athumani? 4. Ni iyihe yari impamvu y’amakimbirane mu muryango?

Amagambo shingiro : amakimbirane, ivangura, gusuhutswa, imbabazi, ubusumbane bushingiye ku gitsina, urupfu, amahoro, ubwiyunge

Ingingo eshanu (5) zikubiye mu muteguro Feed the Minds yashyizeho umuteguro wo gusoma no kwandika hagamijwe kongerera imbaraga imishinga yose.

1. Inzego z’abagenerwa Bikorwa mu gusoma no kwandika

Ni uruhe rwego rwo gusoma no kwandika rw’ahantu runaka? Ni gute abagore bakoresha gusoma, kwandika, no kubara?

2. Kwirinda akato n’ivangura

Turimo guheza abatazi gusoma no kwandika mu biganiro mpaka, amahugurwa, cyangwa mu myanya ifatirwamo ibyemezo? Ni gute twakwizera ko abatazi gusoma no kwandika nabo bahawe umwanya mu mirimo y’imishinga? Aho ibikoresho byacu byanditse ntibyabera imbogamizi abari ku rwego rwo hasi mu gusoma no kwandika?

3. Gusuzuma no guhindura ibikoresho byanditse

Turimo gukoresha amagambo yoroshye n’interuro abantu bazabasha gusobanukirwa? Twakoresha amafoto cyangwa ibishushanyo ngo dusobanure ibi? Ni uruhe rurimi abantu benshi bazumva?

4. Shyiraho ubuhanga bwo gusoma no kwandika aho bishoboka

Si ngombwa ko uba umwe mu bahugura kugirango ufashe abari mu gikorwa gutera imbere mu buhanga bwabo bwo gusoma no kwandika:

Garagaza amagambo shingiro abari mu gikorwa bagomba kwiga

Koresha amafoto n’amagambo icyarimwe

Soma mu ijwi rirenga umwandiko wanditswe ku kibaho

Amagambo y’inyunge yagabanyemo ibice

Ibande cyane ku majwi y’inyuguti zibanza

Aho gukoresha inyuguti nkuru koresha amagambo avangavanze mu tuzu dutandukanye

5. Sangiza ibitekerezo biteza imbere gusoma no kwandika

Abarimu n’abahugura baba barasangije ubuhanga n’ubumenyi bwabo abandi bantu bo mu muryango wacu? Umuryango wacu waba warasangije indi miryango itegamiye kuri leta igikorwa cyiza n’ibitekerezo biteza imbere gusoma no kwandika?

Iranga Hasi hari ibyo ushobora kwitabaza mu gukoresha gusoma no kwandika, no kuvuga inkuru hagamijwe kubaka amahoro, gukira ihungabana ndetse n’uburere mboneragihugu, byose ushobora kubikura kuri enterineti ku buntu.

Integrating Literacy and Peacebuilding (Guhuza gusoma/ kwandika no kubaka amahoro): Umurongo ngenderwaho w’abahugura abandi n’abafasha amahugurwa gukorwa. Sam Doe, Juliet McCaffery & Katy Newell-Jones.

Education for Developmnet, 2004. Biboneka ku rubuga: www.balid .org.uk/literacy.htm

Her Stories(Inkuru ze): Ikusanyirizo ry’inkuru z’abagore bo muri Afurika. ActionAid, 2010 Biboneka ku rubuga: www actionaid.org/main.aspx?pageID=1424

Education for All (Uburezi kuri bose) – Global Monitoring Report 2010: Reaching the Marginalized. UNESCO.

Biboneka ku rubuga: http://unesdoc.org/images/0018/001866/186606e.pdf

Icyitonderwa

Feed the minds ni ihuriro ry’amatorero ya gikirisitu ku rwego mpuzamahanga rigamije iterambere ry’abatishoboye. Dufasha abantu na sosiyeti zirengagijwe hirya no hino ku isi tubinyujije mu burezi. Aka gatabo kibanda ku kuvuga inkuru, twizera ko ari igikoresho cyihariye kandi gikomeye mu kwigisha gusoma no kwandika ndetse no kongerere abantu ubushobozi. Kandikiwe kubashishikariza gukoresha uburyo bwo kuvuga inkuru, kandi gatanga inama, ibitekerezo, ndetse n’ingero ku byagezweho kubera ikoreshwa ryako. Inkuru zafasha abantu bahuye n’ivangura, ihungabana, akato cyangwa ihohoterwa kuganira ku byo banyuzemo kandi bakumvwa. Zafasha kandi kurushaho kwita ku bibazo bikora ku bantu vuba cyane nko gufatwa ku ngufu, gusuhutswa, amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko no kudahagararirwa kw’abagore. By’umwihariko, inkuru zigira akamaro kanini mu mashuri n’ahandi higishirizwa gusoma no kwandika, zishishikariza abari mu gikorwa kuganira ku byo banyuzemo, ari nako biga gusoma no kwandika, cyane cyane hagarukwaho ibibazo by’ingenzi kuri bo, ibi bikabafasha kugira ikizere ndetse no gufata ingamba nshya mu buzima bwabo.

Twizeye ko muzabona uyu muyobora nk’ingirakamaro n’inkomoko yo kurushaho kureba kure, kandi twishimiye kuzumva ubunararibonye bwanyu mu kuvuga inkuru. Feed the Minds

Park Place

12 Lawn Lane London

SW8 1UD

UK

Tel: +44 (0)20 7582 3535

Fax: +44 (0)20 7735 7617

Email: info@feedtheminds.org

Feed the Minds is a charity registered in England

and Wales (291333) and in Scotland (SC041999).