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Jurnal Pioneer, Vol. 07, Issue 1, June 2016: 24- 38

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JURNAL PIONEER VOLUME 07, Issue 1, June 2016: 24 -38

ANALYSIS OF IMAGERY FOUND IN AKU, TAK SEPADAN AND SAJAK

PUTIH POEMS BY CHAIRIL ANWAR

Melinda Agustina

University of Abdurachman Saleh Situbondo

[email protected]

Abstract: This research investigated the types and meaning of imagery in Aku,

Tak Sepadan and Sajak Putih poems by Chairil Anwar. The data of this research

are in the form of words that refer to imagery in Aku, Tak Sepadan, and Sajak Putih

poems. This research was done by analyzing the data qualitatively. The data were

gained by reading the poems and taking a note. Then the data were analyzed based

on Creswell’s theory. The result of this research describes the types and the meaning

of imagery found in those poems. Imagery in Chairil Anwar’s selected poems has

six types, they are: visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, organic and kinesthetic

imageries. The researcher hopes the next researchers to analyze imagery in different

subjects such as: other poems, short stories, movies and novels.

Keywords: imagery, types of imagery, meaning of imagery

INTRODUCTION

Literature is a creative

expression of human imagination or

prospects, in general, can be defined

as the mirror of human life that

portrays the human feeling, emotion,

thought, imagination, situation

and perception which can be viewed

based on personal judgement.

Literature is referred to as the entirety

of written expression, with the

restriction that not every written

document can be categorized as

literature in the more exact sense of

the word (Klarer, 2011:1). There are

many kinds of literary works, such as

mailto:[email protected]

Melinda Agustina, An Analysis of Imagery Found in Aku, Tak Sepadan and Sajak

Putih Poems by Chairil Anwar

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drama, fiction,and poetry. Poetry is

used by some poets as media

communicating to deliver his feeling

to the reader. Poetry is also an

intermediatery to convey and write

the author’s feeling which conducts

massage.

Therefore, poetry has difficult

meaning to understand by some

people because it has thoughtful

words which arranged by feeling,

concentration, mental psychology and

imagination. Poetry was closely

related to the term “lyric,” which

derived etymologically from the

Greek musical instrument “lyra”

(“lyre” or “harp”) and pointed to an

origin in the sphere of music. The

term “poetry,” however, went back to

the Greek word “poieo” (“to make,”

“to produce”), indicating that the poet

was the person who “made” verse

(Klarer, 2011:27)..

There are two elements in

poetry; intrinsic and extrinsic

elements. In this research, the

researcher analyzes one of the

elements in poem. Extrinsic element

is element in poem that has relation

with the author. The intrinsic element

consist of setting, moral messages,

point of view, figurative language,

imagery, etc. One of intrinsic

elements is imagery. The imagery is

chosen by the researcher as the

subject of this research because

imagery has deep meaning that shows

the feeling of the author in creating

the literary work.

Klarer (2011:30) stated that, an

important and controversial term was

“image” or imagery, which was

pertinent to a number of divergent

issues under discussion. Imagery was

often regarded as the most common

manifestation of the “concrete”

character of poetry. Cavanagh et al

(2010:45) had same opinion, he stated

that imagery was at the heart of

poetry’s other great and fundamental

reason to exist: indulging our

inclination, perhaps our fundamental

need, to make things up, to tell lies or

, at least, tostretch the truth or speak

of a different kind of truth than that

we were used to.

Imagery was imagination that

proces of mental feeling and

expresses thought in poetry to create

and build the image or particular

image, so the reader knew or

understood the feeling of the author.


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It had an influence to make the poem

beautiful and life. It function was to

build and deliver the author mean.

Therefore, imagery referred to mind,

sense and feeling that is describing of

five sense such as sight, hearing,

smell, touch, and taste and something

related with senses.

In addition, in analyzing

imagery in Chairil Anwar’s poems,

this research used semantic approach.

In this research, semantic approach

used kreidler theory. According to

Kreidler (2002: 18-19) semantics is

mainly concerned with a speaker’s

competence to use the language

system in producing meaningful

utterances and processing

(comprehending) utterances produced

by others.

Based on that, the researcher

was conducted this research based on

some research problems and

objectives. What are the types of

imagery in Aku, Tak Sepadan, and

Sajak putih of Chairil Anwar poems?

And what is the meaning of the

imagery in Aku, Tak Sepadan, and

Sajak putih of Chairil Anwar poems?

morever the objectives of this study

was to identify the types of imagery in

Aku, Tak Sepadan, and Sajak putih of

Chairil Anwar’s poems and describe

the imagery meaning in Aku, Tak

Sepadan, and Sajak putih of Chairil

Anwar’s poems.

In this research has limitation to

avoid broader and complicatd

discussion. The researcher only

focused on an imagery which using

semantic approach . The discussion of

this research concist of some types of

imagery used Laurene perrine theory.

There were visual imagery, auditory

imagery, olfactory imagery, gustatory

imagery, tactile imagery, organic

imagery, and kinesthetic imagery.

this researh aso focused on Chairil

Anwar’s poems, such as Aku, Tak

Sepadan, and Sajak putih

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Poetry

Poetry is part of literature which

is written with various expressions

and emotions. It is oldest of literary

work than the other genre. Poetry as

media communication and to show

the author feeling. Cavanagh et al

(2010:38-39) stated that, poetry is

broadly unique as an art form to the

extent that it exercise both sides



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concurrently. And so it is referential:

it says things and means things; but it

simultaneously approaches the

sensuous condition of sound in music,

or colour in painting.

Perrine (2012:08) stated that

poetry takes all life as its province. Its

primary concern is not with beauty,

not with philosophical truth, not with

persuasion, but with experience.

Therefore, poetry come from the

poet’s experience and as media to tell

or describe the author feeling such as

happy, sad, dissapointed, or anything

related with senses. Based on

explanation above, poetry is unique

words that sometimes convey the

author’s feeling. Poetry is one of the

literary works which written with

beautiful words by feeling and

imagination to make it alive. Besides,

it has message that replaced or

representative of human senses. The

meaning of the poetry self is deeply

and influence of the reader minds to

explore and understand the author

means.

Imagery

According to Laurene &

Perrine (2012:48) the word image

perhaps often suggests a mental

picture, something seen in the mind’s

eye –and visual imagery is the kind of

imagery that occurs most frequently

in poetry. Imagery may be defined as

the representation though language of

sense experience (Laurene & Perrine,

2012:48). Imagery is an image or

picture on imagination of the author

that convey of the literary work. Some

poets used imagery in written their

literary work especially poem to

make the reader can feel and imagine

the situation it happen.

Imagery is collectivity of the

quality image of the author’s mind

that write in the literary work (poem)

to make the reader has exploitation of

the explicit meaning to get the great

meaning. In some literary devices

imagery is important elements in

literary work especially poetry. It is

because imagery include of the

internal elements. Imagery refers to

the picture of the author in delivered

his mind. The pictures on author mind

will create in literary work through

the imagery. It is as device to make

the poet mean strong and clear.

Imagery make the reader feels

like sight, hearing, touch, that related


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with five of sense. It makes the reader

know and imagine clearly describe of

the poet. there are some seven types

of imagery. An image may also

represent a sound (auditory imagery);

a smell (olfactory imagery); a taste

(gustatory imagery); touch, such a

hardness, softness, wetness, or heat

and cold (tactile imagery); and

internal sensation, such as hunger,

thirst, fatigue, or nausea (organic

imagery); or movement or tension in

the muscles or joints (kinesthetic

imagery) in Laurene Perrine

(2012:58).

Visual Imagery

Visual imagery is an imagery

related with sense of sight It deals

with color, shape, motion, object or

people. For example:

The gray sea and the long black land;

And the yellow half-moon large and

low:

And the startled little waves that leap

In fiery ringlets from their sleep

By Robert Browning (1812-1889)

The gray sea, the long black

land, the yellow half-moon, the

startled little waves with fiery

ringlets, the blue spurt of the lighted

match- all appeal to our sense of sight

and convey not only shape but also

color and motions, Laurene Perrine

(2012:59).

Auditory Imagery

Auditory imagery is an imagery

related with sounds like words

“buzzing, thinking, chimming” and

other related with sound. For

example:

As I gain the cove with pushing

prow,

And quench its speed i’ the

slushy sand.

Then a mile of warm sea-

scented beach;

Three fields to cross till a farm

appears;

A tap at the pane, the

quick sharp scratch

And blue spurt of a

lighted match,

And a voice less loud,

through joys and fears,

Than the two hearts

beating each to each!

By Robert Browning

(1812-1889)

The pushing prow of the boat

on the slushy sand, the tap at the pane,



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the quick scratch of the match, the

low speed of the lovers, and the sound

of their hearts beating—all appeal to

the sense of hearing, Laurene Perrine

(2012:59).

Olfactory Imagery

Olfactory imagery is an

imagery that related with smell or

particular scent. For example:


scented beach;


appears;

By Robert Browning (1812-

1889)

The warm sea-scented beach

appeals to the senses of both smell

and touch Laurene Perrine (2012:59).

The word scented here showed that

the poem contain with olfactory

Imagery.

Gustatory Imagery

Gustatory imagery is an

imagery related with taste like word

sweet, bitter, etc . For example:

What is all this juice and all this

joy?

A strain of the earth’s sweet

being in the beginning

By Gerard Manley Hopkins

(1844-1889)

In this line showed that

Gustatory Imagery in the word sweet.

Tactile Imagery

Tactile imagery is an imagery

related with touch, such a hardness,

softness, wetness, or heat and cold.

For example:


scented beach;


appears;

By Robert Browning (1812-

1889)

The warm sea-scented beach

appeals to the senses of both smell

and touch Laurene Perrine (2012:59).

The word warm here include of the

touch or tactile Imagery.

Organic Imagery

Organic imagery is an imagery

related with internal sensation, such

as hunger, thirst, fatigue, or nausea.

For example:

For oft when on my couch I lie

In vacant or in pensive mood,

They flash upon that inward eye

Which is the bliss of solitude,


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By Wordwort’ Daffodils

In this poem Wordwort used

Organic Imagery. orgabic imagery in

this poem represented with the word

pensive and bliss.

Kinesthetic Imagery

Kinesthetic imagery is an

imagery related with movement or

tension in the muscles or joints. For

example:

This sensible warm motion to

become

A kneaded clod; and the

delighted spirit

To bathe in fiery floods, or to

reside

In thrilling region of thick-

ribbed ice…”

By Shakespeare (Measure for

Measure)

In this poem, Shakespeare

used kinesthetic imagery. it

represented with the word warm

motion and clod.

Semantics

According to Kreidler (2002:

18-19) semantics is mainly

concerned with a speaker’s

competence to use the language

system in producing meaningful

utterances and processing

(comprehending) utterances produced

by others. Semantically approaches is

important to the reader reach the

meaning easily. It is adopting by the

researcher to considering the meaning

which exists in the literary work

especially poem. Kreidler stated that

there are many dimensions of

meaning in semantic.

In this research, the researcher

used two dimensions of meaning are

dennotation and connotation.

Denotation identifies the central

aspect of word meaning which

everybody agree about. While,

coonnotation is language furnishes

the means for expressing a wide range

of attitude (2002: 44-45). Meaning in

each literary work which created with

some poets is ambiguity. It is

sometimes the poet concealed their

feeling in their literary work to make

the reader follow in imagine. Based

on the explanation above, the

researcher get main point that

dennotation is the real meaning of

some language expressions. While,

connotation is the other meaning



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which used some poets to conceal

their feeling.

METHODOLOGY

In analyzing this research, the

researcher used descriptive

qualitative research by Creswell’s

theory. The data in this research was

the words containing imagery in Aku,

Tak sepadan, and Sajak putih of

Chairil Anwar poems. In this

research, the data collection had some

steps are; Selecting the poems written

by Chairil Anwar, reading the poems

as the primary data in this research,

and identifying the data, the

researcher explored and identified all

references related with the data

source which contained imagery. In

addition, this research also used the

data analysis to analyse the data

collected. There are steps in the data

analysis are; Organizing and

preparing the data for analysis,

Giving the translation of the data by

Nadhika which taken from a website.

(https://nadhika.wordpress.com/),

exploring all the data collected,

coding all of the data, describing

categories of the coding the data to

analysis, analyzing and describing the

data according to the research

problems in previous chapter, and

making an interpretation in

qualitative research of the findings or

results. The researcher built a

conclusion from all of the information

of this research. The data was

categorized into two groups: types of

the imagery which were found in the

poems and also the meaning of the

imagery in the poems. In this section,

the researcher gave example of the

data in one of the poems entitled

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

Imagery has a function to

build the literary work, especially

poem in order to make it beautiful.

Some poets used imagery to convey

their feelings to the readers. There

were many sentences which

contained imagery in the three poems

written by Charil Anwar. Those

imageries were found by the

researcher through this research.

In Aku poem, the researcher

found five types of imagery from

seven types of imagery; they were

visual imagery, organic imagery,

auditory imagery, kinesthetic

imagery, and tactile imagery. In the

https://nadhika.wordpress.com/


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second poem entitled Tak Sepadan,

the researcher only found three

imageries from seven types of

imagery; there were visual, imagery,

organic imagery and kinesthetic

imagery. In Sajak Putih poem, the

researcher found six types of imagery

from seven types of imagery; they

were organic imagery, auditory

imagery, kinesthetic imagery,

olfactory imagery, tactile imagery

and visual imagery. The researcher

analyzed the types of imagery in three

poems as below.

Visual imagery

Aku ini binatang jalang

(02/AP/S:02/L:01)

(I am a wild animal)

This line consists of an

imagery. The imagery in this line

includes to visual imagery which

represents by the word binatang

jalang. This line includes to visual

imagery because the poet brings the

reader to use their mind’s eye or their

sense of sight.

Based on this line, the poet

resembled to wild animal. It is

represents by the word binatang

jalang. The meaning of this word is

animals that live or grow

independently of people, in natural

conditions and with natural

characteristics (Cambridge

Dictionary). In this line, the poet does

not want people around caring him.

Binatang jalang usually is the poet’s

own decisions. The poet want to be

free without any prohibition from

other people.

Unggunan api ini

(13/TSP/S:03/L:02)

(The camp fire)

The line describes about the

camp fire. In this line, the researcher

found visual imagery which was

represented by the word ungunan api.

This word includes to the visual

imagery because the poet invites the

reader to use their sense of sight.

The word unggunan api is an

outside fire which is made and used

by people who are staying outside or

in tents (Cambridge Dictionary). In

this line the word unggunan api

means the poet’s great desires.

Auditory imagery

Tak perlu sedu sedan itu

(01/AP/S:01/L:04)



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(No need for those sobs and

cries)

In the line above, the poet

explains that he did not need snivel.

The line above includes to auditory

imagery which was represented by

the words sedu sedan. It is auditory

imagery because this word shows the

imagination sounds from someone

crying.

The words sedu sedan is an act

or sound of someone who was crying

(Cambridge Dictionary). The other

meaning of the word sedu sedan is a

persuasion. The persuasion of this

line is about someone around him

who persuade the poet. Furthermore,

this line also explaines that the poet

did not care about someone who

persuade himself through the word

sedu sedan.

Dan dalam dadaku memerdu

lagu (22/SPP/S:02/L:03)

(And in my chest was singing)

Based on this line, the poet

explains that he sing a song from his

deepest heart. This line includes to

auditory imagery which was

represented by the word lagu. In this

word, the poet invites the reader to

use their sense of hearing. In addition,

it also made the readers as if they hear

the sounds of the song.

The word lagu is short piece

of music with words which are sung

(Cambridge Dictionary). Based on

the poem, the meaning of this line

explains about the poet who was in

love. This poet’s happiness feeling is

represents in a song which was sang

by the poet. Furthermore, the word

lagu usually relates to good feelings

or bad feeling. Thus, the poet sang a

song from his deepest heart in order to

tell the reader that he is really happy.

Tactile imagery

Biar peluru menembus kulitku

(03/AP/S:02/L:03)

(Though bullets should pierce

my skin)

The line describe that the

bullets penetreated the poet’s skin.

The line above includes to tactile

imagery because the word menembus

related to the sense of touch. Through

this imagery, the poet wants the

reader to know about his feeling by

sense of touch. This line also

describes how the bullet pierce the

poet skins.


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Based on the line above, it

describes about the feeling which the

poet wants the reader to understand.

The meaning of this line describes the

situation of the poet where he felt pain

when the bullet pierce his skin. This

line, the poet conveys that he did not

care althought people around hurt

him.

Organic imagery

Hingga hilang pedih peri

(07/AP/S:03/L:03)

(Till the pain and pang should

dissapear)

From this line, the poet

explains that he still escaped from his

pains until those pain dissappeared.

This line includes to an organic


the word pedih peri. This word is

includes an organic imagery because

it expresses by internal sensation.

Through this word, the poet invites

the reader to use their internal feeling

as if they felt the poignat.

The word pedih peri is a very

sharp feeling of sadness. This word

describes the poet’s sufferings. Based

on the words hilang, the poet

describes that he is strong to confront

his sufferings.

Kau kawin, beranak dan

berbahagia (08/TSP/S:01/L:03)

(You are married, have

children, and are happy)

In this line, the poet conveys

his expectation to someone who he

loved to marry, and get happiness.

This line shows organic imagery

which was represented by the word

berbahagia. It is organic imagery

because the poet invites the reader to

use their internal feeling in order to

know the poet’s feelings. Organic

imagery bring the reader as if they can

understand the poet feeling.

Berbahagia is a good feeling

of someone from something pleasure

or satisfaction (Cambridge

Dictionary). Based on this line, the

poet is broken heart which caused by

the woman. He can not live together

with the woman. In addition, the poet

hopes that someone he loved can get

happiness with another man. In this

line, the word berbahagia is not about

the poet, but someone he loved.



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Olfactory imagery

Harum rambutmu mengalun

bergelut senda (19/SPP/S:01/L:04)

(Your fragrant hair brings the

happiness)

The line describes that the

poet smell someone’s hair aroma.

This line refers to the olfactory


the word harum or fragnant. It iss

olfactory imagery because the poet

invites the readers to use their sense

of smell as if they smelling the hair’s

aroma.

The word harum is a smell

from something sweet or pleasant.

The meaning of this word in the line

above describes the happines of the

poet. The poet uses the word harum in

this line to describes his happiness

when he met with someone he loved.

Based on the line above, the poet

wants the readers to know that he fell

happy because of someone or woman.

Kinesthetic imagery

Aku merangkaki dinding buta

(10/TSP/S:02/L:02)

(Iam cawling the blind wall)

The line describes that the

poet was crawling a blind wall. This

line showes the kinesthetic imagery.

The word merangkaki represents

kinesthetic imagery. It is kinesthetic

imagery because this word showes

the act of bodily movement or

physical action. The poet brings the

reader to imagine the poet idea.

The word merangkaki is an

act of move slowly or with difficulty,

especially (of a person) with the body

stretched out along the ground or on

hands and knees (Cambridge

Dictionary). Based on this line, the

word merangkaki means roving. The

word dinding buta is the dark place.

Thus, this line showes that the poet

walks or roves in the blocked way or

dark place when he do not find the

solution of his problem or did not

have destination in his journey.

Bersandar pada tari warna

pelangi (15/SPP/S:01/L:01)

(Lean on the dance of rainbow )

In this line, the poet explains

that he was relying on the dance of

rainbow’s color. This line appoints of

kinesthetic imagery. It is represents in

the word bersandar. It is kinesthetic

imagery because this line shows the

phisycal action or bodily movement

of the poet.


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The word bersandar is

movement of human body into

sloping position or sat or stand with

part of the body touching something

as a support (Cambridge Dictionary).

In this line, this word has different

meaning. According to the context

and expession of this line, the poet

explains that he ask for goodness or

happiness.

Discussion

The researcher found the

reasons of the poet in using imagery

in his poems. The reason of using

imagery by some poets in literary

works was to make the poem more

beautiful and interesting. In addition,

the reader also recreated and built the

picture or imagination of the poems.

The researcher found that those

imageries had different capacities.

Imagery made the reader understand

about what the poem meant.

In analyzing this research, the

researcher also discussed imagery as

the main focus. The source of the data

used in this research were three

poems written by Chairil Anwar.

Those poems were Aku, Tak Sepadan

and Sajak Putih. The researcher

analyzed the imagery in those poems

which was devided into seven types

of imagery. There were visual

imagery, auditory imagery, gustatory

imagery, olfactory imagery, tactile

imagery, organic imagery, and

kinesthetic imagery. This research

dealt with the theory of sound and

sense by Thomas R Arp and Greg

Johnson (2012).

The meaning of the imagery

in this research had many influences

to those poems. The poet used the

imagery in those poems in order to

build the imagination as if indirectly

described the feeling, mind, and idea

of the poet. the poet’s feeling actually

convey in the poem. for intance, in

Tak sepadan poem the researcher

found how the poet used the feeling in

created the poem. the poet used the

romantic words in the poem. the poet

also used the mind in creating the

poem especially in Sajak Putih poem.

the poet remember someone loved in

this poems. at least, the ideas which

the poet used in crating th poem is

Aku poem. This poem about the

poet’s ideas which conveyed to give

the desire.



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CONCLUSION AND

SUGGESTION

In this research, the reseacher

used three poems written by Chairil

Anwar as the source of the data.

Those poems were “Aku”, “Tak

Sepadan”, and “Sajak Putih”. In

addition, the form of the data in this

research was imagery. Imagery was a

picture which came from the poet’s

imaginations through five senses such

as, sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste,

etc. Imagery influenced the reader’s

imaginations to build their mental

pictures and five senses to imagine as

if they knew the poet’s feelings,

minds, and ideas. It made the meaning

of the poem stronger and clearer.

The result of this research

found that there were six types of

imagery from seven types of imagery

found in Chairil Anwar’s selected

poems. There were visual imagery,

auditory imagery, olfactory imagery,

tactile imagery, organic imagery, and

kinesthetic imagery. In addition, the

result of this research also discussed

about the meaning. The meaning of

the imagery had many influences in

the poems. The meaning of the

imagery in those poems built the

imagination as if described the poet

feeling, mind and idea indirectly.

The researcher suggested the

readers or further researchers who

were interested to the poem,

especially in Chairil Anwar poem.

There were many approaches in

comprehending the meanings and

messages of literary works. It was

also many interesting aspects to

analyze this poem. Therefore, the

researcher hoped that the further

researcher could analyze it with

different object.

For the poet, imagery had

function and important in literary

work especially poem. It made the

poet easier to convey the masseges

and the imagination strongly and

clearly. Thus, in creating a poem the

poet have to use imagery in order to

build the meaning and make the sense

of the poems stronger.

REFERENCES

Cavanagh, Dermot et al. (2010). The

Edinburg: Introduction to

Studying Literature.

Edinburg University pres ltd.

Creswell, J.W. (2009). Research

Design: Qualitative,

Quantitative, and Mixed


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Methods Approaches (3rd

ed). United States of

America: Sage Publication,

Inc.

Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research

Design: Qualitative,

Quantitative, and Mixed

Methods Approaches (4th

ed). United States of

America: Sage Publication,

Inc.

J Mays, Kelly. (2013). The Northon

Introduction to Literature

(Eleventh Edition). United

States of America: W.W

Northon & Company, Inc.

Klarer, Mario. (1998). An Intoduction

to Literary Studies (First

Edition). USA and Canada

by Routledge


to Literary Studies (Second


by Routledge


to Literary Studies (Third


by Routledge

Kreidler, Charles W. (1998).

Introducing English

Semantics USA and Canada

by Routledge

Luerene Perrine and Thomas R.Arp

(2012). Sound and Sense: An

Introduction to Poetry

(Thirteenth Edition). United

states: Canada. Nelson

Education, Ltd.

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