jumal perlindungan tanaman indonesia, vol. 16, no.2, 2010

Jumal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, Vol. 16, No.2, 2010: 62-75

UPDATE ON THE HOST RANGE OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF FRUIT FLIES IN INDONESIA

PEMBARUAN INFORMASI KISARAN INANG SPESIES LALAT BUAH DI INDONESIA

Suputa*I), Y. Andi Trisyonol), Edhi Martonol), and Sri Suharni Siwi2)

I)Departmentof Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University ofGadjah Mada2)AdjunctProfessor at the Graduate Program of Plant Pest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Gadjah Mada

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Recent reviews on Dorsalis and Dacine fruit flies had implication on host-insect inventory, including in Indonesia.Update is needed because of these changes and due to the rising of fruit and vegetable trade within islands, as well aswith neighboring countries. Fruits were collected over a 3-year period from 24 provinces of Indonesia, covering areasfrom Aceh to Papua. This work was done specifically to obtain detailed information regarding the host range of theimportant species of Bactrocera spp., Atherigona orientalis, and Dacus longicornis, as well as Adrama determinata.Male lure Steiner traps to attract fruit flies were used in this study as an additional method to support speciesvariation. A total of 1125 fruit samples were collected from many locations. Thirty five plant species from 18 familieswere recorded as fruit fly hosts and 27 plant species were new report as specific host for certain species of fruit fly.A larger array of host plants for fruit flies in Indonesia than reported before suggests the importance of effectivequarantine measures to limit the spread of harmful fruit fly and to prevent the accidental introduction of invasive alienfruit fly species from other countries.

Key words: distribution, fruit fly, fruit survey, host, infestation

INTISARI

Guna mendapatkan informasi terkini mengenai peran lalat buah (Diptera: Tephritidae dan Muscidae) dalam bidangpertanian, diperlukan inventarisasi kisaran inangnya termasuk yang ada di Indonesia melalui metode surveilansi.Pembaruan informasi mengenai inang lalat buah ini sangat penting untuk dilakukan mengingat semakin maraknyaperdagangan buah dan sayur antar pulau di Indoensia dan juga dengan luar negeri. Surveilansi dilakukan dengan carabuah dikoleksi dalam kurun waktu lebih dari tiga tahun dari 24 provinsi di Indonesia, mulai dari Aceh hingga Papua.Zat pemikat lalat buahjantan dalam perangkap Steiner juga digunakan sebagai metode tambahan untuk mendapatkanvariasi spesies yang lebih banyak. Sejumlah JJ25 sampel buah dikoleksi dari berbagai lokasi. Penelitian ini berhasilmendapatkan informasi secara detail mengenai kisaran inang lalat buah penting dalam bidang pertanian yaitu Adramadeterminata. Atherigona orientalis, Bactrocera spp., dan Dacus longicomis. Tiga puluh lima jenis dari J8 familitumbuhan tercatat sebagai inang lalat buah dan 27 jenis diantaranya merupakan laporan baru sebagai inang lalatbuah. Kisaran inang yang lebih luas ditemukan pada penelitian ini dibandingkan dengan data laporan-Iaporansebelumnya menunjukkan betapa pentingnya perlakuan karantina yang efektif di dalam mencegah penyebaran danpemasukan spesies lalat buah berbahaya antar pulau di Indonesia dan dari luar negeri.

Kata kunci: distribusi, inang, lalat buah

INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the worldwhich consists of over 17,000 islands. Throughoutthe country, fruits and vegetables are grown andunpurposely serve as fruit flies host. Although inmost areas fruits and vegetables are produced forlocal markets, major producing islands also tradefresh fruits or fresh vegetables each other and withother countries.For the purpose ofbiosecurity, sinceJanuari 27, 2006 Indonesian government restrictedpoint of entries limited to seven sites only (Permen-tan No. 37, 2006), namely Jakarta's TanjungPriok harbour and Soekarno-Hatta airport (Java),Surabaya's Tanjung Perak harbour (Java), Medan's

Belawan harbour (Sumatra), Batam's Kabil harbour(Riau Archipelago), Makassar's Soekarno-Hattaharbour (South Sulawesi), and Denpasar's NgurahRai airport (Bali). The increasing trade exchangeincreases the possibility of introduction of new fruitfly species not only from other countries but alsofrom other areas within the country.

Reviews on the taxonomic status of Dorsalis

complex worldwide resulted in 53 species (Drew &Hancock, 1994) and 68 species (Lawson et al.,2000). Tsuruta & White (200 I) added six speciesand Drew et al. (2005) added one species; making75 species of fruit fly belong to this group. Dacinefruit flies combined with Dorsalis complex and

Suputa et at.: Update on the Host Range of Fruit Flies in Indonesia

non-Dorsaliscomplex (in total over 500 species) areendemic to subtropicaland tropicalrain forests fromthe Indian subcontinent across to Oceania (Drew,1989). The latest survey in 2009 by IndonesianMinistry of Agriculture revealed that the number offruit fly species in Indonesia is 18 species and 45species within Dorsalis complex and non-Dorsaliscomplex, respectively, including three species ofDacus. In this project, almost all of fruit fly specieswere caught using lure trap with Methyl Eugenoland Cue Lure as attractants.

Information on fruit fly host plants and itsoccurrence in Indonesia is very limited. To collectsuch information, there are several technicaldifficulties; among others are different culturalpractices throughout the archipelago. Althoughsome fruit production areas have good orchardsmanagement with the size of more than twohectares, many fruit trees, in Java particularly, aremostly grown in backyards without proper culturalpractices. Survey on host plants of fruit flies speciesis needed to provide trade activities withinformation required by modem trade scheme. Thisresearch was conducted to gather information onhost range of different species of fruit flies. Toachieve the goal, rotten fruits from 34 species offruit or vegetable species within 16 families spreadover 24 provinces in Indonesia were collected, andmaintained in the laboratory until the fruit flyemerged.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Sampling Location

The fruit fly sampling sites encompassed 24provinces in Indonesia covered wide areas from theprovince of Aceh in western Indonesia to Papua the

, eastern of Indonesia (Table 1 and Figure 1).

63

Host Survey

Fruit samples, mostly overripe or rotten, werecollected from urban areas (yards), orchards (fields),and forest areas (forests) starting from May 2007 toNovember 2010. The samples, ranging from one to231 units, were collected either from recently fallenfruits or from the trees, and they were recorded asthe host. The distribution of the fruit flies and thehosts were also recorded. Each fruit sample wasplaced in a paper bag and labeledwith name of fruit,date of collection, information of site, and name ofcollector. The samples were brought to the BasicEntomology Laboratory in the Department at PlantProtection, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah MadaUniversity for identification of fruit fly species andtheir host.

Identification of the species of fruit fly wasbased on the adult. The fruit was put on sawdust ina transparent plastic container. The sawdust servedas medium for larvae to pupate, which usually took5-11 days. Pupae were collected from the sawdustand moved to cages until adult flies emerged. Theadults were reared by feeding with sugar, yeastextract and water for seven days. Later, the adultswere killed by placing them in the freezer for 24hours for identification.

Trapping

Steiner traps were used to sample flying malefruit flies. A total of 60 Steiner traps were placed inthe selected sites. In each site, which could be urbanarea, orchard, and forest, 20 Steiner traps wereplaced (10 Steiner traps with ME lure and 10Steinertraps with CUE lure) were placed. The twentySteiner traps were placed along each of the 100 mtransects at 5 m interval. The Steiner trap was madefrom a transparent plastic container with a largeopening (funnel) both at each end. The lower half

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Table 1.The sampling sites of fruit fly by collecting from rotten fruits and traps containing Methyl Eugenollure and Cue lure

Location PositionNo Elevation

Province District GeographicalSite (mAMSL)1. Aceh Aceh Besar N 5°25'45.83",E 95°20'54.99" 287

-2. Riau Pekanbaru N 0°32'0.00", E 101°27'0.00" 133. RiauArchipelagoes Batam N 1°5'13.89", E 103°57'15.50" III4. North Sumatra Karo N 3°15'23.03", E 98°40'4.98" 2975. West Sumatra Agam S 0°15'16.38", E 100°10'20.97" 498

Payakumbuh S 00°10.674', E 100°34.394" 516Solok S 0°48'10.90", E 100°38'39.85" 399

6. South Sumatra Palembang S 2°57'14.36", E 104°44'57.26" 77. Lampung Bandar Lampung S 2°57'14.36", E 104°44'57.26" 118. West Kalimantan Pontianak S 0°2'2.12", E 109°19'35.51" 49. South Kalimantan Banjarbaru S 3°40'39.85", E 114°51'38.10" 171

64

Table I. (continued)

Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol. 16 No.2

NoLocation Position

Province

10. East Kalimantan

11. Special Capital Territory of Jakarta12. West Java

13. Central Java

14. Special Region ofYogyakarta

15. East Java

16. Bali

17. West Nusa Tenggara

18. East Nusa Tenggara19. South Sulawesi

District Geographical SiteElevation

(m AMSL)963

738

121595

1491445

3411

1075

11438

19935716049

4741308

15011022870761134

57

926380

117033

4313383833

1132583861

266 .

282116

70832252402

140

West Kutai S 00°17'20.4", E 115°43'31.8"Samarinda S 0°31'13.43", E 117°13'30.82"Tarakan N 3°21'17.86", E 117°36'23.86"Depok S 6°23'31.52"S, E 106°53'20.11"Indramayu S 6°27'40.42", E 108°17'55.29"Karawang S 6°18'53.69", E 107°30'52.25"Subang S 6°34'5.05", E 107°45'35.39"West Bandung S 6°49'38.46", E 107°41'10.97"Batang S 7°7'55.81", E 109°50'52.40"Demak S 6°51'32.44", E 110°35'36.89"Kendal S 7°2'39.47", E 110°2'45.81"Pemalang S 6°53'45.82", E 109°27'26.24"Sragen S 7°22'43.81", E 110°57'49.78"Sukoharjo S 7°38'9.74", E 110°53'17.46"Bantul S 7°54'5.32", E 110°17'50.44"Gunung Kidul S 7°56'59.98", E 110°35'04.09"Kulonprogo S 7°47'49.94", E 110°06'19.92"Sleman S 7°45'30.72", E 110°23'21.64"Bangkalan S 6°58'45.69", E 112°52'50.82"Banyuwangi S 8°16'24.70", E 113°58'40.73"Batu S 7°47'51.81", E 112°30'57.65"Blitar S 8°07'41.36", E 112°IO'02.25"Kediri S 7°46'36.61", E 112°07'42.81"Magetan S 7°39'17.14", E 111°22'20.93"Malang S 7°54'59.46", E 112°33'30.72"Mojokerto S 7°39'46.08", E 112°32'12.13'"Pasuruan S 7°39'0'9.65", E 112°48'29.54"Probolinggo S 7°45'04.80", E 113°14'45.46"Surabaya S 7°19'59.13", E 112°47'26.19"Buleleng S 8°09'49.77", E 115°14'57.77"Karangasem S 8°28'17.39", E 115°27'15.19"East Lombok S 8°21'57.25", E 116°32'10.76"Bima S 8°27'38.64", E 118°43'38.49"Sumbawa S 8°39'17.37", E 117°21'59.77"West Lombok S 08°27'55.0", E 116°05'02.2";Ende S 8°50'34.87", E 121°39'13.54"Barru S 04°11'31.4", E 119°40'00.6"Gowa S 5°14'31.66", E 119°52'14.18"Maros S 05°00'37.6", E 119°41'24.4"Soppeng S 4°20'16.34", E 120°00'14.25"Banawa S 0°47'14.98", E 119°39'52.15"Pohuwato N 0°41'56.03", E 121°43'10.15"Ambon S 3°42'26.19", S 128°09'53.61"Namlea S 3°14'01.91", S 127°05'14.72"Sorong S 0°59'53.02", E 131°18'57.30"YapenArchipelagoes S 01°46'18.9", E 136°10'57.2"Jayawijaya S 4°01'50.96", S 139°03'21.11"Puncak S 4°40'18.88", S 139°22'56.04"Yapen Waropen S 0°52'49.30", S 134°02'29.14"

-

20. Central Sulawesi21. Gorontal022. Moluccas

23. West Papua

24. Papua

Suputa et al.: Update on the Host Range of Fruit Flies in Indonesia 65

0-':-:1'"-~"::'

-

-

-=

---r- ",~

- -

-

_..Figure 1. Distribution of sampling sites; black dot spots indicated that fruit fly was present, whereas white

dot spots indicate that fruit fly was absent

of the funnels was protected with a gauze wire.The container size is 13.5 cm high, 12.5 cm topdiam eter, and 10.5cm bottom diameter.The Steinertraps were placed horizontally, in which a cottonwick impregnated with a mixture of attractant (MElure or CUE lure) and insecticides (transflutrin0.06%, imiprotrin 0.05% and sipermetrin 0.10%)was suspended to prevent escape and predation ofthe captured fruit flies. The cotton wicks weresoaked in 2 to 3 mL mixture of 4 mL attractant and1mL insecticide. A glued wire, placed on top of thetrap structure, was used to hang the trap to treebranches. The Steiner traps were activated for 3x24hours. Captured fruit flies were collected every dayand stored in small paper boxes with tissue paperinside and labeled for further identification.

, Identification

The adult specimens were sorted and separatedto morphospecies using a dissecting microscope at7x power then preserved on carding (Suputa et al.,2007). The species of fruit flies were identified tospecies level, and their respective count wasrecorded. The identification was based on theirmorphological characters using the followingreferences: Treubia which is a journal on zoologyand hydrobiology of the Indo-Australianarchipelago, Economic Fruit Flies of The SouthPacific Region by Drew et al. (1982), Fruit Flies ofEconomic Significance: Their Identification andBionomics by White and Elson-Harris (1992),Tropical Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae:Dacinae) of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions

by Drew (1989), Bulletin of Entomological

Research "supplement series" the Bactroceradorsalis complex of the fruit flies (Diptera:Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Asia by Drew andHancock (1994), identification key software ofDacinae by White and Hancock (1997), andidentificationkey softwareof Dorsalisby Lawson etal. (2003).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Number of Surveys

A total of 1125 fruit samples from 34 plantspecies belonging to 17 families of Anthophytes andone family of Gnetophytes were collected. As manyas 44 species of fruit flies were collected, and theybelong to nine subgenera of fruit flies; 40 genera ofBactrocera, two genera of Dacus, one genus ofAdrama, and one genus of Atherigona. There were19 species of fruit flies emerged from 35 species ofcollected plant. Thirty three species were attractedto Cue lure, seven species were attracted to ME, andfour species emerged from plant with no lure recordknown yet (Table 2).

Host Ranges

More than single species of fruit fly, occurred asmix of Bactrocera spp., Atherigona orientalis,Dacus longicornis, or Adrama determinataoccasionally emerged from one fruit. In twosamples, a mixed population of inter-speciesAtherigona, Bactrocera, and Dacus was reared fromone fruit. These samples were found at severalprovinces in Indonesia in fruits of the following:LufJa cylindrica (L.) Roem. and Momordica

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66 Jumal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol. 16 No.2

Table 2. Species of fruit flies in Indonesia collected from the traps using lure and their supposed respectivehost plants

Species Lure Sample Collection Sites

Subgenus AsiadacusBactrocera apicalis (de Meijere)

Subgenus Bactrocera dorsalisComplexBactrocera ajjinidorsalis Drew& Hancock

B. bimaculata Drew & HancockB. carambolae Drew & Hancock

B. cibodasae Drew & Hancock

Bjloresiae Drew & Hancock 'J1

B.juscitibia Drew & Hancock

B. makilingensis Drew &Hancock

Host plant[Indonesian Common Name]

(Total Fruit Number)UHP

UHP

UHP

Anacardiaceae:Mangifera indica L.

[Mangga](28)

Caricaceae:Caricapapaya L.

[Pepaya](23)

Myrtaceae:Syzygium aquaticum Burm. F.

[Jambu air](34)

Psidium guajava L.[Jambu biji]

(65)

Syzygium malaccense (L.)Merr. & L.M.Perry

[Jambu bol](52)

Oxalidaceae:Averrhoa carambola L.

[Belimbing](65)

UHP

UHP

UHP

UHP

CUE WestKutai (East Kalimantan)

CUE Maras (South Sulawesi)

CUE Bima (West Nusa Tenggara)ME Bantul, Gunung Kidul, Kulonprogo, Sle-

man (Special Region of Yogyakarta);Bangkalan, Banyuwangi, Batu, Blitar,Kediri, Magetan, Malang, Mojokerto, Pa-suruan, Probolinggo, Surabaya (East Java);Buleleng, Karangasem (Bali); Indramayu,Karawang, Subang, West Bandung (WestJava); Depok (Special Capital Tenitory ofJakarta); Pekanbaru (Riau); Batam (RiauArchipelagoes); West Kutai, Samarinda,Tarakan (East Kalimantan); East Lombok,Bima, Sumbawa,WestLombok (WestNusaTenggara); Barru, Gowa, Maros, Soppeng(South Sulawesi); Batang, Demak, Kendal,Pemalang, Sragen, Sukoharjo (CentralJava)

Batu, Malang, Pasuruan, Probolinggo (EastJava); lndramayu, Karawang (West Java);Sleman (Special Region ofYogyakarta)

Banyuwangi, Batu, Malang (East Java);Subang (West Java)

Batu, Mojokerto, Surabaya (East Java);Sleman (Special Region of Yogyakarta);Demak (Central Java)Batu, Blitar, Mojokerto, Surabaya (EastJava); Depok (Special Capital Tenitory ofJakarta); Karawang (West Java); Sleman(Special Region ofYogyakarta)Batu, Blitar, Mojokerto, Surabaya (EastJava); Bantul, Sleman (Special Region ofYogyakarta)

Batu, Blitar, Mojokerto, Surabaya (EastJava); Bantul, Kulonprogo,Sleman(SpecialRegion of Yogyakarta); Depok (SpecialCapital Tenitory of Jakarta)

CUE West Bandung (West Java); Sleman (Spe-cial Region ofYogyakarta)

ME Ende (East Nusa Tenggara); East Lombok(West Nusa Tenggara)

CUE Malang (East Java); Maras, Soppeng(SouthSulawesi)

CUE East Lombok, West Lombok (West NusaTenggara)

r--'

-

Suputa et al.: Update on the Host Range of Fruit Flies in Indonesia

Table 2. (continued)

67

Species Sample Collection SitesHost plant Lure[Indonesian Common Name]

(Total Fruit Number)B. melastomatos Drew &Hancock Ij1

CUE Palembang (South Sumatra)

Melastomaceae:Melastoma malabathricum L

[Karamunting](20)

B. merapiensis Drew & Hancock UHP

B. minuscula Drew & Hancock UHP

B. neocognata Drew & Hancock

Annonaceae:Stelechocarpus burahol

(Blume)Hook. & Thomson[Kepellburahol] )I(

(9)B. papayae Drew & Hancock

Anacardiaceae:Mangifera indica L.

[Mangga](66)

Mangifera odorata Grift.[Kuweni]

(28)Annonaceae:

Annona muricata L.[Sirsak]

(7)Annona squamosa L.

[Srikaya](23)

Stelechocarpus burahol(Blume)

Hook. & Thomson[Kepellburahol] )I(

(9)

Palembang (South Sumatra)

CUE Agam, Payakumbuh (WestSumatra); Sleman(Special Region ofYogyakarta)

CUE East Lombok, West Lombok (West NusaTenggara); Barm, Maros, Soppeng (SouthSulawesi); Pohuwato (Gorontalo)

CUE East Lombok, West Lombok (West NusaTenggara); Sleman (Special Region ofYogyakarta)

Sleman (Special Region ofYogyakarta)

ME Aceh Besar (Aceh); Pekanbaru (Riau);Batam (Riau Archipelagoes); Karo (NorthSumatra); Agam, Payakumbuh (West Suma-tra); Palembang (South Sumatra); BandarLampung (Lampung), West Kutai, Sama-rinda, Tarakan(East Kalimantan);Banjarbaru(South Kalimantan); Depok (Special CapitalTerritory of Jakarta); Indramayu, Karawang,Subang, West Bandung (West Java); Batang,Demak, Kendal, Pemalang, Sragen, Suko-haIjo (Central Java); Bantul, Gunung Kidul,Kulonprogo, Sleman (Special Region of Yo-gyakarta); Bangkalan, Banyuwangi, Batu,Blitar, Kediri, Magetan, Malang, Mojokerto,Pasuruan,Probolinggo, Surabaya(East Java);Buleleng, Karangasem (Bali); East Lombok,Bima, Sumbawa, West Lombok (West NusaTenggara); Ende (East Nusa Tenggara);Barru, Maros, Soppeng (South Sulawesi);Ambon, Namlea (Moluccas); Sorong, YapenArchipelagoes (WestPapua);YapenWaropen(Papua)

Indramayu, Karawang (West Java);Pemalang (Central Java); Batu, Malang,Pasuruan, Probolinggo,Surabaya(East Java);Buleleng (Bali)Batu, Malang (East Java); Pemalang (CentralJava)

Blitar, Malang, Surabaya (East Java); Sleman(Special Region ofYogyakarta)

Blitar, Malang, Surabaya (East Java); Sleman(Special Region ofYogyakarta)


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Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol. 16 No.2

Species Sample ColIection Sites

B. sembaliensis Drew & Hancock

B. sulawesiae Drew & Hancock

B. sumbawaensis Drew & Hancock IJIB. verbascifoliae Drew & Hancock

Subgenus BactroceraB. aemula (Drew) IJIB. albistrigata (de Meijere)

Host plant Lure[Indonesian Common Name]

(Total Fruit Number)Caricaceae:

Caricapapaya L.[Pepaya]

(23)Combretaceae:

Terminaliacatappa Linn.[Ketapang]

(38)Lauraceae:

Persea americana MilI[Apokat]

(7)Rutaceae:

Citrus maxima Merr.[Jeruk pamelo]

(5)Citrus nobilis Lour

var. microcarpa[Jeruk siam madu])I(

(II)Sapindaceae:

Nephelium lappaceum L.[Rambutan]

(31)Solanaceae:

Capsicum annuum L.[Cabai merah] IJI

(266)Thymelaeaceae:

Phaleria macrocarp (Scheff)Boer\.

[Mahkota dewa] )I((16)UHP

UHP

UHP

Solanaceae:Solanum verbascifolium L.

[Teter](12)

UHP

Banyuwangi, Malang (East Java);Sleman (Special Region ofYogyakarta);Indramayu, Subang (West Java)

Bantul, Sleman (Special Region ofYogyakarta)


Magetan (East Java)

Karo (North Sumatra)

Batu, Blitar (East Java); Sleman(Special Region ofYogyakarta)

Banjarbaru (South Kalimantan); Kediri,Malang (East Java); Sleman (SpecialRegion ofYogyakarta)

Sleman (Special Regi9n ofYogyakarta)

CUE East Lombok, Bima, Sumbawa, WestLombok (West Nusa Tenggara)

ME Maros (South Sulawesi)CUE Sumbawa (West Nusa Tenggara)CUE West Lombok, East Lombok (West

Nusa Tenggara)

Banyuwangi (East Java)

CUE Ambon, Namlea (Moluccas)CUE Aceh Besar (Aceh); Pekanbaru (Riau);

Batam (Riau Archipelagoes); Karo(North Sumatra); Agam, Payakumbuh(West Sumatra); Palembang (SouthSumatra);Bandar Lampung (Lampung),West Kuta, Samarinda, Tarakan (EastKalimantan); Banjarbaru (South Kali-mantan); Depok (Special CapitalTerritory of Jakarta); Indramayu,Karawang, SubangWestBandung (WestJava); Batang, Demak, Kendal, Pe-malang, Sragen, Sukoharjo (CentralJava); Bantul, Gunung Kidul, Kulon-progo, Sleman (Special Region ofYogyakarta); Bangkalan, Banyuwangi,Batu, Blitar, Kediri, Magetan, Malang,

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Species

B. curvifera (Walker) 'I'

B. impunctata (de Meijere) 'I'

B. lata 'I'

B. latifrons 'I'

B. limbifera (Bezzi)

B. moluccensis (Perkins)

B. nigrotibialis (Perkins)

B. paramusae (Drew)


(Total Fruit Number)

Fabaceae:lnocarpus fagifer (Parkinson)

Fosberg[Gayam] )I(

(19)Combretaceae:

Terminaliacatappa Linn.[Ketapang] )I(

(38)Myrtaceae:

Syzygium malaccense (L.)Merr. & L.M.Perry

[Jambu bol](52)UHP

UHP

UHP

Solanaceae:Capsicum annuum L.

[Cabai merah](266)

Physalis minima L.[Ciplukan] )I(

(36)

Fabaceae:lnocarpus fagifer (Parkinson)

Fosberg[Gayam] )I(

(19)Combretaceae:

Terminalia catappa Linn.[Ketapang] )I(

(38)

Fabaceae:

lnocarpus fagifer (Parkinson)Fosberg [Gayam] )I(

(19)UHP

UHP

ME

CUE

ULR

69

Sample Collection Sites

Mojokerto, Pasuruan, Probolinggo,Surabaya (East Java); Buleleng, Karang-asem (Bali); East Lombok, Bima, Sum-bawa, WestLombok (WestNusa Tenggara);Ende (East Nusa Tenggara); Barru, Maros,Soppeng (South Sulawesi); Pohuwato(Gorontalo); Ambon, Namlea (Moluccas);Sorong, Yapen Archipelagoes (WestPapua); Yapen Waropen (Papua)

Bantul, Kulonprogo, Sleman (SpecialRegion ofYogyakarta)

Blitar (East Java); Bantul, Kulonprogo,Sleman (Special Region ofYogyakarta)

Demak, Kendal (Central Java); Bantul,Kulonprogo, Sleman (Special Region ofYogyakarta); Malang (East Java)

ME Namlea (Moluccas); Yapen Archipelagoes(West Papua)Depok (Special Capital Territory of Jakarta)

Pekanbaru (Riau)

Pekanbaru (Riau); Banjarbaru (South Kali-mantan); Bantul, SleITfan(Special RegionofYogyakarta); Kediri, Malang (East Java)Malang (East Java)

CUE Pontianak (West Kalimantan); Bantul,Kulonprogo, Sleman (Special Region ofYogyakarta); Pasuruan, Mojokerto (EastJava); West Lombok (West Nusa Teng-gara); Maros (South Sulawesi); Banawa(Central Sulawesi)

Bantul, Kulonprogo, Sleman (SpecialRegion of Yogyakarta); Pasuruan (EastJava)

Bantul, Kulonprogo, Sleman (Special Re-gion ofYogyakarta); Pasuruan (East Java)

CUE Ambon (Moluccas); Bantul, Kulonprogo,Sleman (Special Region of Yogyakarta);Pasuruan (East Java); Maros (South Su-lawesi); Yapen Waropen (Papua)

Bantul, Sleman (Special Region ofYogyakarta)

CUE East Lombok, West Lombok (West NusaTenggara)

CUE Maros (South Sulawesi)

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70


Jumal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol. 16 No.2

Species Sample Collection Sites

Subgenus BulladacusB. mcgregori (Bezzi)

Subgenus SinodacusB. hochii (Zia)

Subgenus ZeugodacusB. calumniata (Hardy)



Moraceae:Artocarpus communis Forst.

[Cempedak](5)

Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.[Nangka]

(6)

Gnetaceae:Gnetum gnemon L.

[Melinjo](56)

UHP

Caricaceae:

Carica papaya L.[Pepaya] )I{

(23)Cucurbitaceae:

Cucumis sativus L.[Mentimun] )I{

(37)Cucurbita moschata Duchesne

ex Poir[Labu] )I{

(1)LufJa cylindrica (L.) Roem.

[Belustru] )I{(34)

Momordica charantia L.[Parea] )I{

(77)

ME Aceh Besar (Aceh); Pekanbaru (Riau);Batam (Riau Archipelagoes); Karo (NorthSumatra); Agam, Payakumbuh (West Suma-tra); Palembang (South Sumatra); BandarLampung (Lampung), West Kutai, Sama-rinda, Tarakan(East Kalimantan);Banjarbaru(South Kalimantan); Depok (Special CapitalTerritory of Jakarta); Indramayu, Karawang,Subang, West Bandung (WestJava); Batang,Demak, Kendal, Pemalang, Sragen, Suko-haIjo (Central Java); Bantul, Gunung Kidul,Kulonprogo, Sleman (Special Region of Yo-gyakarta); Bangkalan, Banyuwangi, Batu,Blitar, Kediri, Magetan, Malang, Mojokerto,Pasuruan,Probolinggo, Surabaya(East Java);Buleleng, Karangasem (Bali); East Lombok,Bima, Sumbawa, West Lombok (West NusaTenggara); Ende (East Nusa Tenggara);Barru, Maros, Soppeng (South Sula-wesi);Banawa (Central Sulawesi); Ambon,Namlea (Moluccas); Sorong, Yapen Archi-pelagoes (West Papua); Yapen Waropen(Papua)

Bantul, Sleman (Special Region of Yogya-karta); Malang, Mojokerto (East Java)

Batam (RiauArchipelagoes); Bantul, Sleman(Special Region of Yogyakarta); Malang(East Java)

,ULR

Bantul, Kulonprogo, Sleman(Special RegionofYogyakarta); Blitar, Malang (East Java)

CUE Palembang (South Sumatra); Bantul (SpecialRegion ofYogyakarta)

CUE Aceh Besar (Aceh); Bantul, Sleman (SpecialRegion ofYogyakarta); Buleleng (Bali); Mo-jokerto (East Java); West Lombok (WestNusa Tenggara)

Indramayu, Subang (West Java)


Malang (East Java)

Blitar (East Java); Bantul, Sleman (SpecialRegion ofYogyakarta)

Blitar, Kediri (East Java); Bantul, Sleman(Special Region ofYogyakarta)

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Suputa et al.: Update on the Host Range of Fruit Flies in Indonesia 71

Species Sample Collection SitesHost plant Lure[Indonesian Common Name]


B. caudata (Fabricius)

B. cucurbitae (Coquillett)

Cucurbitaceae:Cucurbita pepa L

[Sukini] )I((2)

Cucurbitaceae:Cucumis mela L.

[Melon](33)

Cucumis sativus L.[Mentimun]

(37)Cucurbitapepa L.

[Sukini](2)

Citrul/us lanatus (Thunb.)[Semangka]

(6)

CUE Aceh Besar (Aceh); Pekanbaru (Riau);Batam (Riau Archipelagoes); Karo (NorthSumatra); Agam, Payakumbuh (WestSumatra); Palembang (South Sumatra); Ban-dar Lampung (Lampung), West Kutai,Samarinda, Tarakan (East Kalimantan); Ban-jarbaru (South Kalimantan); Depok (SpecialCapital Territory of Jakarta); Indramayu,Karawang, Subang, West Bandung (WestJava); Batang, Demak, Kendal, Pemalang,Sragen, Sukoharjo (Central Java); Bantul,Gunung Kidul, Kulonprogo, Sleman(SpecialRegion ofYogyakarta); Bangkalan, Banyu-wangi, Batu, Blitar, Kediri, Magetan,Malang, Mojokerto, Pasuruan, Probolinggo,Surabaya (East Java); Buleleng, Karangasem(Bali); East Lombok, Bima, Sumbawa, WestLombok (West Nusa Tenggara); Ende (EastNusa Tenggara); Barru, Maros, Soppeng(South Sulawesi); Banawa (Central Su-lawesi); Ambon, Namlea (Moluccas);Sorong, YapenArchipelagoes (West Papua);Yapen Waropen (Papua)

Bantul (Special Region ofYogyakarta)

CUE Aceh Besar (Aceh); Pekanbaru (Riau);Batam (Riau Archipelagoes); Karo (NorthSumatra); Agam, Paya kumbuh (West Suma-tra); Palembang (South Sumatra); BandarLampung (Lampung), West Kutai, Sama-rinda, Tarakan(East Kalimantan);Banjarbaru(South Kalimantan); Depok (Special CapitalTerritory of Jakarta); Indramayu, Karawang,Subang, West Bandung (WestJava); Batang,Demak, Kendal,Pemalang, Sragen, Suko-haIjo (Central Java); Bantul, Gunung Kidul,Kulonprogo, Sleman (Special Region ofYogyakarta);Bangkalan, Banyuwangi, Batu,Blitar, Kediri, Magetan, Malang, Mojokerto,Pasuruan,Probolinggo, Surabaya(EastJava);Buleleng, Karangasem (Bali); East Lombok,Bima, Sumbawa, Wes Lombok (West NusaTenggara); Ende (East Nusa Tenggara);Barru, Maros, Soppeng (South Sulawesi);Banawa (Central Sulawesi); Pohuwato(Gorontalo); Ambon, Namlea (Moluccas);Sorong, YapenArchipelagoes (West Papua);Yapen Waropen (Papua)

Bantul, Sleman (Special Region of Yogya-karta); Sragen, SukohaIjo (Central Java); Bli-tar, Kediri (East Java)Bantul, Sleman (Special Region of Yogya-karta); Batu,Blitar, Kediri, Malang,Mojok-erto (East Java); Maros (South Sulawesi)Bantul (Special Region ofYogyakarta)

Bantul (Special Region of Yogyakarta);Sragen (Central Java); Kediri (East Java)

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72


Jumal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol. 16 No.2

Species Sample Collection Sites

B. emittens (Walker)

B. exornata (Hering)B. heinrichi (Hering)

B. persignata (Hering)

B. pseudocucurbitae White

B. synnephes (Hendel)

B. tau (Walker)

Subgenus CallantraDacus leongi Drew & HancockD. longicornis Wiedermann

Other Flies attack on Fruitsand VegetablesDiptera: Tephritidae:TrypetinaeAdrama determinata (Walker)

Host plant[Indonesian Common Name]


Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem.[Belustru]

(34)Momordica charantia L.

[Parea](77)UHP

UHPUHP

UHP

UHP

Cucurbitaceae:Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem.

[Belustru] )l{(34)

Momordica charantia L.[Parea] )l{

(77)Cucumis sativus L.

[Mentimun] )l{(37)

Passifloraceae:Passiflora edulis Sims

[Markisa](9)

UHP

Cucurbitaceae:

Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem.[Belustru] )l{


[Parea] )l{(77)

Lure

Bantul, Sleman (Special Region of Yogya-karta); Blitar, Kediri (East Java); Buleleng,Karangasem (Bali); Maros (South Sulawesi)Bantul (Special Region ofYogyakarta); Bli-tar, Kediri (East Java); Maros(South Sula-wesi)

CUE Maros (South Sulawesi); West Lombok(West Nusa Tenggara)

CUE Soppeng (South Sulawesi)CUE Kulonprogo (Special Region ofYogyakarta);

Batu (East Java)CUE Bantul (Special Region of Yogyakarta);

Soppeng (South Sulawesi); Pohuwato(Gorontalo);WestLombok (WestNusa Teng-gara); Ende (East Nusa Tenggara)

CUE East Lombok, Sumbawa (West Nusa Teng-gara)

CUE Bantul, Sleman (Special Region of Yogya-karta); Malang (East Java); Sarru, Maros(South Sulawesi); Soppeng (South Sulawesi)

Bantul, Sleman (Special Region of Yogya-karta); Barru, Maros (South Sulawesi)

Barru, Maros (South Sulawesi)

Bantul, Sleman (Special Region of Yogya-karta); Barru, Maros (South Sulawesi)

CUE Aceh Besar (Aceh); Bantul, Sleman (SpecialRegion of Yogyakarta); Buleleng, Karang-asem (Bali); Payakumbuh (West Sumatra)

Aceh Besar (Aceh); Solok (West Sumatra)

CUE Bantul (Special Region ofYogyakarta)CUE Kutai Timur (East Kalimantan); Bantul,

Sleman (Special Region ofYogyakarta); Bli-tar, Kediri (East Java); Buleleng, Denpasar(Bali), Lombok (West Nusa Tenggara);Maros, Soppeng (South Sulawesi); Banawa(Central Sulawesi); Pohuwato (Gorontalo)

Bantul, Sleman (Special Region of Yogya-karta); Blitar, Kediri (East Java); Maros(South Sulawesi)Bantul, Sleman (Special Region of Yogya-karta); Blitar, Kediri (East Java); Maros(South Sulawesi)

...

Theaceae:Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze ULR Batang (Central Java)

[Teh](3)

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Suputa el al.: Update on the Host Range of Fruit Flies in Indonesia 73


Species Lure Sample Collection SitesHost plant[Indonesian Common Name]


Rutaceae:Citrus maxima Merr.

[Jerukpamelo] )I((5)

Solanaceae:Capsicum annuum L.

[Cabai merah])I(

(266)Solanum melongena L.

[Terung] )I((2)

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.,nom. cons. [Tomat] )I(

(21)Anacardiaceae:

Mangifera indica L.[Mangga] )I(

(66)Cucurbitaceae:

Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem.[Belustru] )I(


[Parea] )I((77)

'1': Species was collected and shipped by Staff of BPTPH, Indonesian Quarantine, Islamic State Sultan Syarif KasimRiau University, and University of Papua)1(: New report regarding the host of fruit flyCUE: Cue Lure . ,

ME: Methyl EugenolUHP: Unknown host plantULR: Unknown lure response

Diptera: MuscidaeAtherigona orientalis (Schin.)

charantia L. To control fruit fly, farmers used apara-pheromone, such as Methyl Eugenol, for theircrops. Methyl Eugenol has no effect to Atherigona

.and Dacus. Kido et al. (1996) reported that A.orientalis responded to Methyl Eugenol as anon-target fruit fly species but Leblanc et al. (2009)gave the new confirmation that A. orientalis doesnot respond to the Methyl Eugenol, but merelyattracted to the decaying flies. Suputa et al. (2004)reported that D. longicornis from Indonesiaresponded to CUE lure only. Misinterpretation inlure trap with specific fruit fly species was indicatedby farmers.

Two species of fruit flies (A. orientalis and B.papaya) emerged from Capsicum annuum; fromCaricapapaya emerged three species of Bactrocerai.e. B. calumniata, B. carambolae, and B. papayae;from Citrus maxima emerged two species of fruitfly i.e. A. orientalis and B. papaya; from Cucumissativus have emerged three species of Bactrocera

ULR Magetan (East Java)

Banjarbaru (South Kalimantan); Bantul,Sleman (Special Region of Yogyakarta);Kediri, Malang (EastJava)

Malang (East Java)

Malang (East Java); Sleman (Special RegionofYogyakarta)

Steman (Special Region ofYogyakarta); Batu(East Java)

Sleman (Special Region ofYogyakarta);Kediri (East Java)

Kediri (East Java)

i.e. B. calumniata,B. cucurbitae, and B. synnephes;from Cucurbita pepo emerged two species ofBactrocera i.e. B. caudata and B. cucurbitae; fromInocarpus fagifer emerged three species ofBactrocera i.e. B. albistrigata, B. limbifera, and B.moluccensis; from L. cylindrica emerged fivespecies of fruit fly within three genus i.e. A.orientalis, B. calumniata, B. cucurbitae, B.synnephes, and D. longicornis; from Mangiferaindica emerged three species of fruit fly i.e. A.orientalis, B. carambolae, and B.papayae; fromM.charantia emerged five species of fruit fly withinthree genus i.e A. orientalis, B. calumniata, B.cucurbitae, B. synnephes, and D. longicornis;from Syzygium jambos emerged two species ofBactrocera i.e. B. albistrigata and B. carambolae;and from Terminaliacatappa emerged three speciesof Bactrocera i.e. B. albistrigata, B. limbifera, andB. papayae. In Malang, East Java, from C. papayaemerged three species of Bactrocera i.e. B.

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74 Jumal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol. 16 No.2

albistrigata, B. carambolae, B. papayae, and fromSolanum muricatum emerged only one species ofBactrocera i.e. B. papayae (Toto Himawan, UBMalang, personal communication).

All fruit fly species were oligophagous exceptB. papayae, B. carambolae, B. albistrigata,B. calumniata, and B. limbifera which werepolyphagous. There are 28 fruit fly hosts reportedas new in this study. B. papayae is a seriouspolyphagous species and the most important pestinfesting commercial crops. It was also the commonfruit fly found in Methyl Eugenol lure traps,followed by B. carambolae, B. albistrigata, andB. calumniata were also polyphagous and infestedcommercial crops. They were the common fruit flyfound in CUE lure traps. B. limbifera was apolyphagous and responded to cue lure but thisspecies is not an important pest. Beside Bactroceraspp., A. orientalis was also a serious pest tocommercial crops. It attacked citrus, chili, mango,and bitter gourd. Some new recorded hosts wereautochthonous in Indonesia, such as P.macrocarpaand Stelechocarpus burahol. The record of B.papayae from P. macrocarpa was intriguing, sinceP. macrocarpa is known as toxic to animals,including insects. Suatma et al. (2008) reported thatthe extract P. macrocarpa was embryotoxic andfetotoxic.

B. calumniata was reared from Cucurbitaceaefruit samples from Java. It appeared thatB. calumniata, fruit fly known to have strictpreference on cucurbits fruit, was able toout-compete B. cucurbitae, B. synnephes, andD. longicornis on cucurbits fruit in Java. The recordof B. calumniata from C. papaya is also ananomalous record requiring confirmation;p papaya does not belong to Cucurbitaceae.

. Combining data from host rearing and lure traps,44 species of fruit flies were reported existed inIndonesia (Table I). However, not all the fruit flyspecies were recorded from the host plant. Thefruit collections were mainly made from the siteseasily accessible to vehicles. Additional surveyto document fruit fly host associations would beuseful particularly from remote areas in Indonesiaarchipelago, where introduced plants are lessabundant.

This study suggests that the number plantspecies serving as hosts for fruit flies in IndonesianIslands is larger than that was reported in this workbecause of limitation in the number of selectedhabitats. The findings also show that some fruitfly species i.e. Adrama determinata, Atherigona

orientalis, B. albistrigata, B. calumniata,B. carambolae, B. cucurbitae, B. latifrons,B. papaya, B. synnephes, B. tau, B. umbrosa, andD. longicornis present in Indonesia are of economicimportance on certain crops. This emphasizes theneed for effective quarantine measures that excludeexotic fruit fly pests and thereby protect potentialmarkets of high value fruits and vegetable exports.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work was funded by BPPS, DoctoralResearch Grant (Hibah Penelitian Program Doktor),and Graduate Research Grant (Hibah PenelitianPascasarjana). The authors would like to thankAhmad TaufiqArminudin, former research assistantat Basic Entomology Laboratory, University ofGadjah Mada, and volunteer who managed thesampling program during this study, and thanks toHeru Gendroyono,Afandi, Hery Haryanto, Prof. Dr.M. Sarjan, Yeni, Hendro, I Made Gunada, Jasman,Subiadi, Saiful Djabar, Laruti, and Srihartati Harto.The authors also acknowledge the inspiration raisedby Prof. Richard A.I. Drew, Dr. S. Vijaysegaran,Meredith Romig, Dr. Ian Naumann, Dr. GlennBellis, Cahyaniati, Dr. Purnama Hidayat, Dr. TotoHimawan, and Anik Kustaryati. We thankDr. Panjisakti Basunanda for his critical review ofan earlier draft of this manuscript.

LITERATURE CITED

Drew, R.A.I. 1989. The Tropical Fruit Flies(Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of The Australasianand Oceanian Regions. Memoirs of The QueenslandMuseum 26: 1-521.

Drew, R.A.I. & D.L. Hancock. 1994. TheBactrocera dorsalis Complex of Fruit Flies(Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Asia. Bulletin ofEntomological Research Supplement 2: 1-68.

Drew, R.A.I., G.H.S. Hooper, & M.A. Bateman.1982. Economic Fruit Flies of the South PacificRegion. 2ndEdition. Brisbane, Australia: Qld Dept.Primary Ind. 139p.

Drew, R.A.I., K. Tsuruta, & I.M. White. 2005. ANew Species of Pest Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)from Sri Lanka and Africa. African Entomology 13:149-154.

Kido, M.H., A. Asquith, & R.I. Vargas. 1996.Nontarget Insect Attraction to Methyl EugenolTraps Used in Male Annihilation of the OrientalFruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in RiparianHawaiian Stream Habitat. Environmental Entomo-logy 25: 1279-1289.

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Lawson, A.E., D.J. McGuire, D.K. Yeates, R.A.LDrew, & A.R. Clarke. 2003. DORSALIS. AnInteractive Identification Tool to Fruit Flies of theBactrocera dorsalis Complex. Griffith University.Brisbane, Queensland. Australia. CD-ROM.

Leblanc, L., D. Rubinoff, & R.L Vargas. 2009.Attraction of Nontarget Species to Fruit Fly(Diptera: Tephritidae) Male Lures and DecayingFruit Flies in Traps in Hawaii. EnvironmentalEntomology 38: 1446-1461.

Suatma, A. Haryono, & N. Widyastuti. 2008. EfekTosik Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria Macrocarpa)pada Mencit (Mus musculus) Swiss Webster. JurnalBiotika 5: 42-48.

Suputa, E. Martono, D.H. Handayani, & R. Ediati.2004. Newly Reported: Dacus longicornis and

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Dacus petioliforma (Diptera: Tephritidae) inJogjakarta Special Province. Indonesian Journal ofPlant Protection 10: 106-111.

Tsuruta, K. & LM. White. 2001. Eleven NewSpecies of the Genus Bactrocera (Diptera:Tephritidae) from Sri Lanka. EntomologicalScience 4: 69-87.

White, LM. & D.L. Hancock. 1997. CABIKEY tothe Indo-Australasian Dacini Fruit Flies in CropProtection Compendium. 3rd edition 2007. CABInternational, Wallingford. CD-ROM.

White, LM. & M.M. Elson-Harris. 1992. Fruit Fliesof Economic Significance; Their Identification andBionomics. CAB International. 601 p.

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