january 2014 doc.: ieee 802.15- 15-14-0017-00-0thz 240ghz ... · evm=7.10% back-to-back evm=11.04%...

doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-14-0017-00-0thz_240GHz

Submission

January 2014

Jochen Antes, University of Stuttgart Slide 1

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: High Data Rate Wireless Communication using a 240 GHz Carrier Date Submitted: 19 January 2014 Source: Jochen Antes Company: Institute of Robust Power Semiconductor System, Stuttgart, Germany Address Pfaffenwaldring 47, D – 70569 Stuttgart Voice: +49 (0)711-685-68984 FAX: +49 (0)711-685-68044, E-Mail: [email protected] Re: n/a

Abstract: The architecture, implementation and performance of an active MMIC-based 240 GHz frontend for multi-gigabit wireless communication is presented. Using this frontend, indoor transmission experiments show the feasibility of data rates up to 30 Gbit/s. In a long-range outdoor transmission, a distance of 1 km with data rates up to 24 Gbit/s is achieved.

Purpose: Information of IEEE 802.15 SG 100G Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

High Data Rate Wireless Communication using a 240 GHz carrier

J. Antes1, F. Boes1, A. Tessmann2, R. Henneberger3, I. Kallfass1

1 University of Stuttgart, Institute of Robust Power Semiconductor System, Stuttgart, Germany 2 Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics, Freiburg, Germany 3 Radiometer Physics GmbH, Meckenheim, Germany

Outline

3

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q  Motivation

q  240 GHz Frontend MMICs & Modules

q  Transmission Experiments

q  Receiver sensitivity

q  Lab experiments

q  Long range outdoor transmission

q  Comparison to State-of-the-Art

87th IEEE 802.15 WPAN Meeting; Study Group 100G

MOTIVATION

4


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Motivation

5


Millimeter Wave Communication

q  Available bandwidth

q  Compactness of components

q  High gain antennas combined with small aperture

q  Large atmospheric transmission windows

Application Scenarios

q  Point-to-Point links

q  Backhaul / “Last Mile” access

q  Board-to-board

q  Intra-machine communication

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Atmospheric attenuation in the mmW range

6

0 100 200 300 400 5000.1

1

10

100

1000

43.4% RH heavy rain heavy fog

H2OH2OO2O2

atte

nuat

ion

(dB

/km

)

frequency (GHz)

1 bar, 20°C

I.T.U. Recommendation, “Attenuation by atmospheric gases,” ITU-R P.676-8, 2009. I.T.U. Recommendation, “Attenuation due to clouds and fog,” ITU-R P.840-4, 2009.

q  Large atmospheric transmission window between 183 and 325 GHz

q  Atmospheric attenuation:

q  Clear atmosphere: 2.7 – 4.5 dB/km

q  Foggy atmosphere: 9.5 dB/km

q  Rain drops: 15.3 – 23 dB/km


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1.1 km, 240 GHz Wireless Link

7


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Long Range Demonstrator

8


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9


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10


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11


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12

LNA SH-IQ mixer

35nm mHEMT


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13

LNA SH-IQ mixer

35nm mHEMT


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240 GHZ FRONTEND MMICS & MODULES

14


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Metamorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor

15

100 nm fT / fmax = 220/300 GHz

50 nm 375/600 GHz

35 nm 515/900 GHz

20 nm 660/>1000 GHz

Al0.48Ga0.52As (GaAs)

Al0.48In0.52As (InP)

4 inch GaAs wafer

MIM on via SiN

20 µm RF PAD

mHEMT

Backside Process

Leuther et. al. IPRM 2011

Frontside Process Airbridge

MIM


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240 GHz Subharmonic quadrature transmitter

16

q  35 nm mHEMT technology

q  2x subharmonic single balanced mixer cells

q  240 GHz Lange coupler for I/Q functionality

q  240 GHz LNA featuring > 35 dB gain

q  RF transmit power up to -1 dBm


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240 GHz Subharmonic quadrature receiver

17

q  Same stages as in Tx, but reversed LNA

q  Same packaging interfaces as in Tx

q  Conversion gain 10 dB


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240 GHz Subharmonic quadrature receiver

18

q  Same stages as in Tx, but reversed LNA

q  Same packaging interfaces as in Tx

q  Conversion gain 10 dB


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Splitblock Waveguide Packaging

19

120 GHz

0-40 GHz

DC-bias

240 GHz


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20

120 GHz

0-40 GHz

DC-bias

240 GHz


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21

120 GHz

0-40 GHz

DC-bias

240 GHz

WR-3 RF port

V-Connector IF port


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240 GHz Receiver

22

Conversion gain

q  up to 3 dB

q  I/Q imbalance below 2 dB

DSB noise figure

q  NF approx. 11 dB over 20 GHz IF bandwidth @120 GHz LO

0 5 10 15 20 258

10

12

14

• IF-I

IF-Frequency [GHz]

Noi

seFi

gure

[dB

]


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240 GHz Transmitter

23

q  PLO 7 dBm @ 120 GHz

q  Pout -3.6 dBm

q  IF-bandwidth approx. 35 GHz

q  2xLO-to-RF isolation >12 dBc

q  I/Q imbalance below 1 dB

Lopez-Diaz et.al. EuMC2013


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240 GHZ TRANSMISSION EXPERIMENTS

24


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Receiver Sensitivity Measurement

25

-40 -38 -36 -34 -32 -30 -281210

86

4

2

25 Gbit/s

40 Gbit/s

35 Gbit/s

-log(

BE

R)

Receiver Input Power [dBm]

30 Gbit/s

q  Back-to-back configuration with calibrated attenuator between Tx and Rx

q  Measurement with BERT system

q  BPSK modulation up to 40 Gbit/s

q  Optimum Rx input power between -32 and -30 dBm

Measured eye diagram at 35 Gbit/s BER < 6×10-8


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Indoor experiments I

26

20 GHz

AWG

x6 x6

I Q I QTx Rx

LO LORF out RF in

Scope

20 GHz

WR-3 Att

40 m

back to back

q  Back-to-back and wireless measurements

q  10 GS/s AWG as signal source

q  80 GS/s, real-time Scope for capturing received signal

q  Demodulation with VSA software

q  phase matched cables & IF amplification (22 dB) in receiver path

q  Horn antennas + dielectric lenses (approx. 23dBi)

q  Up to 40 m distance (WR-3 attenuator for linear Rx operation


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Indoor experiments II

27

LO x6

horn-antenna

lens

IQ in/out

MMIC I/Q Rx & Tx

attenuator

power supply

amplifiers

VSA-software

80 GSa/s realtime scope


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Indoor experiments III

28

EVM=7.10%

back-to-back

EVM=11.04%

back-to-back

EVM=9.23%

40 m

EVM=10.26%

40 m

5 GBd 10 GBd

q  Constellation diagram for a QPSK modulated signal with 5 and 10 GBd

q  Demodulated Eye-diagram for the 10 GBd signal


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Indoor experiments IV

29

q  Constellation diagram for an 8-PSK modulated signal with 5 and 10 GBd

q  Slight decrease in signal quality between b2b and wireless transmission

q  Data rate limited by sampling rate of AWG

EVM=14.08%

back-to-back back-to-back

EVM=15.13%

EVM=12.30%

40 m

EVM=15.16%

40 m

5 GBd 10 GBd


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Indoor experiments V

30

q  Transmission of 16QAM not possible

q  LNA in transmitter operates in compression


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1.1 km, 240 GHz Wireless Link

31

1.1 km


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Beam Alignment

32

Antenna Gain 55 dBi

HPBW 0.325°

Spot radius @ 1 km 2.8 m


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Transmit & Receive Housing with integrated Antenna

33

Tx/Rx + x6

Cassegrain Antenna System Temperature regulation

Scope


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1.1 km PSK transmission at 12 GBd

34

q  EVM for

q  BPSK 24.9%

q  QPSK 22.7%

q  Both equals a BER better than 1x10-5


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1.1 km 8-PSK transmission

35


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q  6 GBd

q  EVM 18.5%

q  Results in BER around 1x10-3

q 12 GBd

q  Mapping of symbols not possible

State-of-the-Art Wireless Communication above 100 GHz

36

Frequency Transmitter Receiver Bit rate Group Ref.

120 GHz MMIC MMIC (direct detection) 20 Gbps NTT [1]

200 GHz Photonic direct detection 1 Gbps IEMN [2]

240 GHz MMIC MMIC Up to 30 Gbps

ILH, Fraunhofer IAF, KIT, RPG

this work

300-400 GHz Photonic

direct detection

> 20 Gbps NTT [3]

300 GHz Frequency multiplexer

heterodyne detection

~100 Mbps TU Braunschweig [4]

300 GHz Resonant-tunneling

Diode

Resonant-tunneling

Diode 1.5 Gbps Rohm [5]

625 GHz Frequency multiplexer

Direct detection 2.5 Gbps Bell Labs [6]


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Conclusion

37

q  240 GHz Tx and Rx Frontend Modules

q  Quadrature up- and down-conversion

q  Subharmonic LO drive

q  RF pre- and post-amplification

q  Approx. 20 GHz IF bandwidth on module level

q  Receiver sensitivity characterized up to 40 Gbit/s

q  Reasonable BER of better than 6x10-8 for data rates up to 35 Gbit/s

q  Indoor transmission experiments up to 40 m and 30 Gbit/s

q  PSK modulation up to 8-PSK

q  No amplitude modulation possible due to LNA linearity in Tx

q  Outdoor transmission at 1.1 km and 24 Gbit/s QPSK


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Future Work

38

q  Evaluation of the critical system components

q  Redesign on MMIC level with replacement of the LNA in the transmitter with a power amplifier

q  Improvements on module level to overcome losses and bandwidth limitations

q  Replacement of data source to overcome bandwidth limitations


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Acknowledgements

39

q  The MILLILINK project partners Fraunhofer IAF, Kathrein, KIT Radiometer Physics, Siemens CT

q  This work was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF) in the frame of the MILLILINK project under grant 01BP1023


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40

Thank you for your attention

Jochen Antes University of Stuttgart Institute of Robust Power Semiconductor Systems Pfaffenwaldring 47 D – 70569 Stuttgart Tel.: +49 (0)711-685-68984 Fax: +49 (0)711-685-68044 E-Mail: [email protected]


21.01.2014

References

41

[1] A. Hirata, R. Yamaguchi, T. Kosugi, H. Takahashi, K. Murata, T. Nagatsuma, N. Kukutsu, Y. Kado, N. Iai, S. Okabe, S. Kimura, H. Ikegawa, H. Nishikawa, T. Nakayama, and T. Inada, “10-Gbit/s wireless link using InP HEMT MMICs for generating 120-GHz-band millimeter-wave signal,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 57, No. 5, pp.1102-1109, 2009.

[2] G. Ducournau et al., “Optically power supplied Gbit/s wireless hotspot using 1.55 mm THz photomixer and heterodyne detection at 200 GHz,” Electron. Lett., Vol. 46, No. 19, 2010.

[3] T. Nagatsuma, H. -J. Song, Y. Fujimoto, A. Hirata, K. Miyake, K. Ajito, A. Wakatuski, T. Furuta, and N. Kukutsu, “Giga-bit wireless link using 300-400 GHz bands”, IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP)2009, Th.2.3, Valencia, 2009.

[4] C. Jastrow, S. Priebe, B. Spitschan, J. Hartmann, M. Jacob, T. Kürner, T. Schrader, T. Kleine- Ostmann, “Wireless digital data transmission at 300 GHz”, Electron. Lett., vol.46, no. 9, pp. 661- 663, 2010.

[5] T. Mukai, M. Kawamura, T. Takada, and T. Nagatsuma, “1.5-Gbps wireless transmission using resonant tunneling diodes at 300 GHz”, Tech. Dig. Optical Terahertz Science and Technology 2011 Meeting, MF42, Santa Barbara, 2011

[6] L. Moeller, J. F. Federici and K. Su, „„THz wireless communications: 2.5 Gb/s error-free transmission at 625 GHz using a narrow-bandwidth 1 mW THz source,” Tech, Dig. URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, Turkey, August 2011.


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january 2014 doc.: ieee 802.15- 15-14-0017-00-0thz 240ghz ... · evm=7.10% back-to-back evm=11.04%...

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