ivane javaxisvili da uwmidesi patriarqi ilia ii saqartvelos eklesiis

1

saqarTvelos realuri istoriis damdgeni sapatriarqosmudmivmoqmedi komisia

mitropoliti anania jafariZe

ivane javaxiSvili

da

uwmidesi patriarqi ilia II

saqarTvelos eklesiis erTianobis

Sesaxeb

Tbilisi 2013

2

uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-

triarqi ilia II Tavis epistoleebsa da qadagebebSi xSirad aRni-

Snavs, saqarTvelos eklesiis mTlianobis Sesaxeb, rom saqarTve-

los yvela kuTxe erT saeklesio mTlianobas Seadgenda wmida

ninos epoqidanve.

sabWoTa aTeistur epoqaSi Camoyalibda eklesiisaTvis sruli-

ad miuRebeli Teoria, TiTqosda dasavleT saqarTvelo 600 wlis

manZilze IV-X ss. imyofeboda ara saqarTvelos, aramed konstan-

tinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi. es Teoria mTlianad ewi-

naaRmdegeba Zvel qarTul saeklesio istoriografias, da

amasTanave saeklesio swavlebas, imis Sesaxeb, rom Camoyalibebi-

sTanave saqarTvelos eklesia iyo mTliani da is Tavis iurisdiq-

ciaSi moicavda, rogorc aRmosavleT, ise dasavleT saqarTve-

los. eklesiis es swavleba kargad aqvs gadmocemuli did iv. jav-

axiSvils, romelic saqarTvelos eklesiis mTlianobis udidesi

qomagi iyo. misi midgoma am sakiTxisadmi samagaliToa, rac unda

gaiTvaliswinon Tanamedrove istorikosebma. swored am sakiTxs

exeba mitropolit anania jafariZis naSromi `ivane javaxiSvili

da uwmidesi patriarqi ilia II saqarTvelos eklesiis erTianobis

Sesaxeb~. rac Seexeba noticiebSi aRniSnul rodopolisis, ziga-

nas, saisinisa da petras kaTedrebs, isini mdebareobdnen ara dasav-

leT saqarTveloSi, aramed qarTvelTa uZveles qveyanaSi _ qaldea

_ trapezuntis regionSi, xolo dasavleT saqarTvelo mudam

qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda.

samecniero redaqtori profesori i. gorgiZe

© mitropoliti anania jafariZe, 2013

3

I

ivane javaxiSvili saqarTvelos

eklesiis erTianobis Sesaxeb

5

ivane javaxiSvili saqarTvelos eklesiiserTianobis Sesaxeb

wmida werilSi nabrZanebia _ didebuli mravalia, rCeu-

li ki erTi~. saqarTvelos uTvalav didebul eriskacTa

Soris gamorCeulia ivane javaxiSvili, romelic imTaviTve

Seiyvara qarTvelma erma.

ivane javaxiSvili moRvaweobda urTules periodSi,

rasac amJamad uwodeben `aTeizmis epoqas~ da romelic

gamoirCeoda yovelive wmidisa da Rirebulis uaryofiT.

miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, iv. javaxiSvilma Tavisi saocari

niWiereba da gamorCeuloba cxadyo imiT, rom is gadaiqca

avtoritetad TviT nihilizmiT Sepyrobili Taobebi-

sTvisac ki.

iv. javaxiSvilis Tvalwin daingra ruseTis imperia,

saqarTvelom 1918-21 wlebSi Tavisufleba moipova, magram

droebiT. Sesabamisi iyo eklesiis bedic. 1917 wels saqa-

rTvelos eklesiam marTalia moipova nanatri Tavisufleba

ruseTis eklesiis uRlisagan, magram okupaciis wlebSi

eklesiac gaiziarebda saqarTvelos saxelmwifos beds da

isic dakargavda Tavisuflebas, rom ara Tavdadeba gamoCe-

nili moRvaweebisa. iv. javaxiSvili da misi Tanamosagreni

yvelafers akeTebdnen saqarTvelos eklesiis Tavisufle-

bisaTvis.

iv. javaxiSvili Zalze did mniSvnelobas aniWebda sa-

qarTvelos eklesiis mTlianobasa da mis damoukideblo-

bas. am moments is afasebda gansakuTrebuli sityvebiT,

romlebic albaT, unda daimaxsovron momavalma Taobeb-

ma. iv. javaxiSvilis sityvebiT Cveni eklesiis Tavisufle-

ba da mTlianoba warmoadgenda qarTveli eris saukeTeso

SvilTa da mTeli xalxis mier saukuneTa brZoliT miR-

weul monapovars~. amitomac iyo, rom igi uaryofiTad

6

afasebda kidec warsulSi saqarTvelos eklesiis erTiano-

bis winaaRmdeg mimarTul qmedebebs. kerZod, man gamowv-

lilviT ganixila im antioqieli da ierusalimeli patri-

arqebis qmedebebi, romlebic qarTveli separatistebis

mxardaWeriT aqucmacebdnen da anawevrebdnen saqarTve-

los eklesias.

iv. javaxiSvilis sidiade Cans iqidanac, rom man eklesiis

wiaRSi ZvelTaganve danergil Teorias _ wmida ninos

droidan qarTuli eklesiis erTianobis Sesaxeb _ upiro-

bod dauWira mxari, ufro metic, is mis erTgul mcvelad

iqca, am Teorias misca didi Sefaseba, miiCnia mTeli

qarTveli xalxisa da mis saukeTeso SvilTa naRvawad,

saukuneTa brZoliT miRweul monapovrad.

amave dros, misTvis kargad iyo cnobili sxva Teorie-

bic am sferoSi. magaliTad, misi moRvaweobis periodSi

zogierTi mecnieri ayalibebda Teorias, TiTqosda, Tavda-

pirvelad dasavleTi saqarTvelo imyofeboda konstanti-

nopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciis qveS. iv. javaxiSvilma

es axali Teoria miiRo rogorc erT-erTi mimdinare muSa

Teoria, romelic emsgavseboda Teorias _ dasavleT saqa-

rTvelos antioqiis iurisdiqciis qveS yofnis Sesaxeb.

rogorc iTqva, misTvis zogadad, rogorc mecnieri-

saTvis misaRebi iyo mxolod Teoria qarTuli eklesiis

Tavdapirveli erTianobis Sesaxeb, radganac is miaCnda

`mTeli qarTveli eris mier Sesisxlxorcebul Semecne-

bad~, romlis mospobis ufleba, misi azriT, aravis hqon-

da, arc maT vinc dasavleT saqarTvelos konstantino-

polur iurisdiqcias uWerda mxars da arc antioqiuris

momxreT.

iv. javaxiSvilma ganixila saqarTvelos eklesiis mTlia-

nobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli qmedebebi, kerZod, is wers:

`XV saukunis 70-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi antioqiel-

7

ierusalimeli patriarqi mixeili Camovida... rasakvirve-

lia, umTavresad Sewirulebisa da fulis Sesagroveblad

iyo garjili~ (iv. javaxiSvili, t. III, gv. 447). mas dauweria

`mcneba sasjulo~, sadac aRniSnuli aqvs, rom winaT qarT-

lisa da afxazeTis kaTalikosni antioqiis patriarqisa-

gan iyvnen damokidebuli da maTgan hqondaT miRebuli xe-

ldasxma. qarTuli eklesiis mermindeli TviTmwysoba da

saeklesio TviTmmarTveloba antioqiel-ierusalimel pat-

riarqs ukanono movlenad hqonda gamocxadebuli~ (iqve,

gv. 447).

es yovelive mas sWirdeboda, raTa TviTon ekurTxebina

dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis axali meTauri, amiT ki

dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia CamoeSorebina saqarTve-

los erTiani dedaeklesiisagan. Tavis mxriv, dasavleT

saqarTvelos saeklesio damoukidebloba surda im dros

imereTis mefes, bagrats. amitomac, antioqielis saekle-

sio Teoria gamoTqmuli iyo qarTveli separatistebis

gulis mogebis mizniT. `man, rasakvirvelia, bagrat mefe-

sTan SeTanxmebiT da saTanado jildos miRebis Semdeg

afxazeTis kaTalikosad akurTxa iovakime, romelic

saqarTvelos eklesiis kaTalikos-patriarqisagan sruli-

ad damoukideblad gamocxadda. aRsaniSnavia, rom antio-

qiel-ierusalimelma patriarqma afxazeTis `kaTalikosi

saydarsa zeda andria mociqulisa~ dasmulad aRiara. amave

dros `sasjulo mcnebaSi naTqvamia, rom nino qarTvelTa

ganmanaTlebelma mxolod qarTli moaqcia, andria mo-

ciqulma ki dasavleT saqarTvelo gaaqristiana. amiT an-

tioqiel-ierusalimel patriarqs mixeils saqarTvelos

saeklesio mTlianobis moSla (rac bagrat mefes im dros

politikuri mizniT swadda) undoda, rom es istoriuli

sabuTebiT daemtkicebina.

8

raki aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos qristiano-

bis sxvadasxva mqadageblebi hyavda, amiT mas undoda

daesabuTebina, rom, maSasadame, afxazeTis kaTalikoss

damoukideblad arsebobisa da TviTmwysobis ufleba hqon-

da. is mcxeTis kaTalikosisagan ar unda yofiliyo xel-

dasxmuli~ (iv. javaxiSvili, t. III, gv. 447).

ra xerxebiT unda daemtkicebina ucxoel patriarqs

qarTuli eklesiis antioqiaze damokidebuleba uZveles

droSi?

ucxoelma patriarqma ise warmoadgina saqme, TiTqosda

saqarTvelos sivrceSi Tavdapirvelad Camoyalibda ori

sxvadasxva eklesia _ qarTlisa da afxazeTisa, rom TiTqos-

da isini oriveni Tavdapirvelad imyofebodnen antioqiis

sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi. Sesabamisad, maTze ufleba-

mosileba gaaCnda antioqias, magram man aRmoaCina, rom

dasavleT saqarTveloze Tavis uflebamosilebas axor-

cielebda aRmosavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio xelisu-

fali. es man miiCnia saeklesio kanonebis darRvevad. mar-

Tlac, Tavdapirvelad Tu sxva eklesia iyo afxazeTis ek-

lesia, ra ufleba hqonda qarTlis eklesias afxazeTSi?

antioqieli patriarqis azriT saeklesio samarTlebrivi

safuZveli amisTvis ar arsebobda, xolo antioqiis ekle-

sias ki gaaCnda Zveli samarTlebrivi ufleba afxazeTis

sakaTalikosoze. maSasadame, qarTlis eklesiam saeklesio

wesebis darRveviT Tavisi uflebamosileba gaavrcela

dasavleT saqarTveloSi. es iyo dadanaSauleba prozeli-

tizmSi, anu es iyo erTi eklesiis SeWra meore eklesiis

iurisdiqciaSi _ darRveva III msoflio krebis me-8 kanon-

isa. es kanoni gmobda aseT qmedebas da amasTanave moiTx-

ovda aRdgenas Zveli Tavdapirveli mdgomareobisas. mar-

Tlac, antioqiis patriarqma Tavis azriT aRasrula es

kanoni da gamosca samarTlebrivi dokumenti mcnebai sas-

9

juloi~, romelSic ganacxada, rom afxazeTis eklesia an-

tioqiam ukan daibrunda Tavis saeklesio wiaRSi da aRad-

gina Tavisi Zveli iurisdiqcia afxazeTze, ris Semdegac

mas ufleba hqonda epatrona am saeklesio erTeulisaTvis

da daeniSna misi sasuliero meTauri. es ucxo eklesiis

meTauri marTlac ase moiqca da caiSel-bedieli mitro-

politi ioakime daniSna afxazeTis kaTalikosad.

aseTi qmedeba aRaSfoTebs iv. javaxiSvils, mas miaCnia,

rom antioqiels araviTari samarTlebrivi ufleba ar

gaaCnda afxazeTis sakaTalikosos mimarT. Tavisi msjelo-

bis sayrdenad miiCnevs qarTuli eklesiis wiaRSi ZvelTa-

gan arsebul samarTlebriv dokuments, gamocemuls ruis-

urbnisis krebis mamebis mier, rom Tavdapirvelad anu I-IV

ss-Si, andria mociqulisa da wmida ninos epoqaSi, Camoyali-

bda ara ori sxvadasxva eklesia, aramed erTi, sruliad

saqarTvelos momcveli eklesia, rom orive ganmanaTle-

belma, rogorc andriam, ise wmida ninom, mxolod erTi

eklesia Camoayalibes, rom isini moRvaweobdnen ara sxva-

dasxva geografiul arealze, aramed erT geopolitikur

sivrceSi, rom andriam saxareba iqadaga `yovelsa qveya-

nasa saqarTveloYsasa~, xolo wmida ninom ki gananaTla

`yoveli savseba yovelTa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~. maSasa-

dame, maT erTi eklesia Camoayalibes da am eklesiam av-

tokefalia ZvelTaganve moipova, rom mxolod Semdeg am

erTiani eklesiis wiaRSi Camoyalibda ori saeklesio ad-

ministraciuli erTeuli _ qarTlisa da afxazeTis saka-

Talikosoebi, rom isini, marTalia, administraciulad

TavisTavadi saeklesio erTeulebi iyvnen, magram qmnid-

nen erT qarTul saeklesio mTlianobas, radganac gaaCn-

daT saerTo saeklesio samarTali, saerTo sjuliskanoni,

saerTo saeklesio tradiciebi da liturgiis saerTo qar-

Tuli ena. administraciuli TavisTavadoba afxazeTis

10

sakaTalikosos miuRia qarTlis sapatriarqosagan, rode-

sac IX s-Si qarTvelTa mefe bagratma ganaCina kaTaliko-

si afxazeTs~.

antioqiis patriarqis Camosvlis dros ki, XV s-Si, re-

aluri viTareba aseTi iyo. rogorc vTqviT, antioqielma

patriarqma gaixsena III msoflio krebis me-8 kanoni, romel-

ic krZalavs erTi eklesiis SeWras meore eklesiis iuris-

diqciaSi da moiTxovs winandeli, anu Tavdapirveli mdgo-

mareobis aRdgenas. antioqielma mcxeTa daadanaSaula, rom

is SeiWra dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqcia-

Si, amitomac man scada gaeuqmebina mcxeTis yovelgvari

uflebamosileba iq da TviTon akurTxa afxazeTis axali

kaTalikosi.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, CvenTvis istoriul magal-

iTs unda warmoadgendes es saqme.

rogorc cnobilia, amJamad Cveni oficialuri istori-

ografiis mier miiCneva, rom Tavdapirvelad dasavleT

saqarTvelo IV-IX ss-Si 500 wlis manZilze, TiTqosda, imy-

ofeboda konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqcia-

Si. es Teoria Zalze saSiSia samomavlod, radganac ise-

Tive samarTlebriv uflebamosilebas aniWebs konstanti-

nolis sapatriarqos, rogoric TavisTavze miiwera anti-

oqielma patriarqma mixeilma. rogorc iTqva, III msoflio

krebis me-8, aseve mociqulTa 35-e da II msoflio krebis

me-2 kanonis ZaliT, sxvis eklesiaSi SeWrili meore ekle-

sia valdebulia aRadginos Tavdapirveli mdgomareoba da

am kanonebidan gamomdinare, Tuki dasavleT saqarTveloze

Tavis uflebamosilebas Tavdapirvelad axorcielebda

konstantinopoli, mas unda daubrundes kidec es saekle-

sio erTeuli.

yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT iv.

javaxiSvili mxars ar dauWerda Cvens istoriografiaSi

11

amJamad gabatonebul Teorias dasavleT saqarTvelos

konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi 500-wlovani yofnis

Sesaxeb. piriqiT, is am Teorias miiCnevda `mTeli qarTve-

li xalxis brZoliT monapovris~ uaryofad da is uTuod

amJamadac mxars dauWerda ruis-urbnisis krebis samarT-

lebriv aqts, rom dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelo-

Si I-IV ss-Si Camoyalibda erTiani eklesia, rom Tavdapirve-

lad wmida andriasa da wmida ninos RvawliT dafuZnebu-

li qarTuli eklesia Tavidanve erTiani iyo, Tumca mis-

Tvis sxva samecniero Teoriebic aRniSnul sakiTxze cno-

bili iyo.

iv. javaxiSvili werda: `giorgi mTawmideli da gan-

sakuTrebiT efrem mcire, ruis-urbnisis 1103 wlis saek-

lesio krebis yvela sulisCamdgmeli da nikoloz kaTa-

likosi amtkiceben, rom andria mociqulma iqadaga `yov-

elsa qveyanasa saqarTveloisasa~, xolo Semdgom qristiano-

ba kvlav aRadgina wmida ninom, romlis saswaulTmoqmede-

bam da qadagebam miizida yoveli savseba yovelTa qarTvel-

Ta naTesavisa~, nikoloz kaTalikosic, wmida ninos saer-

To mociqulad da ganmanaTleblad Tvlida Cven qarTvel-

Taisa~ (~saswaulni sveticxovlisa~). erTi sityviT, andria

mociqulic da wmida ninoc saerTo qarTuli eklesiis

damaarseblad da mTeli eris ganmanaTleblad iyvnen cno-

bilni. saqarTvelos sxvadasxva nawilebis calke mqadage-

blebis gamoZebnis survilic ar hqoniaT, radgan isini

mTliani da ganuyofeli saqarTvelos ganmtkicebisa da

aRorZinebisaTvis iRvwodnen. antioqiel-ierusalimeli

patriarqi mixeili, swored am qarTvel saxelovan mecni-

erTa mier Seqmnilsa da mTeli qarTveli erisagan Sesisx-

lxorcebul Semecnebas spobda~ (iv. javaxiSvili, Txz., t.

III, gv. 340).

12

samwuxaroa, rom Zvel qarTvel saxelovan mecnierTa

(iv. javaxiSvilis Sefaseba) mier boZebul Semecnebas spobs

zogierTi axali qarTveli mecnieri, Tanac iseTi umaR-

lesi saerTaSoriso saeklesio organodan, rogoricaa pra-

voslavnaia enciklopedia~.

magaliTad, Zveli qarTuli wyaroebis sawinaaRmdegod

`pravoslavnaia enciklopedia~-s me-13 tomis avtorebi (gv.

200) noticiebze _ bizantiur kaTedraTa nusxebze _ dayrd-

nobiT miiCneven, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi IX s-mde

arsebuli saepiskoposoebi konstantinopolis iurisdiq-

ciaSi imyofebodnen. TiTqosda, `egrisis samefoSi, I no-

ticiis mixedviT, arsebobda lazikis eparqia, romlis cen-

tri iyo fazisis (foTis) samitropolito oTxi saepisko-

poso kaTedriT _ rodopolisi (varcixe), saisini (caiSi),

petra (cixisZiri), zigana (ziganisi, gudava) (~pravoslavnaia

enciklopedia~, t. XIII, gv. 200, rus. enaze). TiTqosda,

Semdgom isini qarTulma eklesiam konstantinopols Camo-

aSora. vSiSobT, rom es araswori Teoria, gavrcelebuli

mTel msoflioSi pravoslavnaia enciklopediis~ mier, did

safrTxes Seuqmnis samomavlod saqarTvelos teritori-

ul da saeklesio mTlianobas. sinamdvileSi lazikis aRniS-

nuli saepiskoposoebi mdebareobdnen trapezuntis olq-

Si _ qalaq ziganas regionSi, iqve iyo rodopolisis kaTe-

drac. amis Sesaxeb miuTiTebs ara mxolod msoflioSi sax-

elganTqmuli mecnieri n. adonci, aramed amJamad saberZ-

neTSi dabeWdili zogierTi saeklesio rukac. qarTuli

wyaroebis dabejiTebuli mtkicebiT, mudam, farnavaz me-

fis droidanac, dasavleT saqarTvelo yovelTvis Sedio-

da qarTlis samefos sazRvrebSi vidre md. egriswylamde

da vaxtang gorgaslis Semdeg vidre md. klisuramde. ami-

tomac miiCneoda, rom am sasazRvro mdinareebis aqeT,

dasavleT saqarTveloSi, konstantinopols arasodes

13

iurisdiqcia ar gaaCnda, mxolod am mdinareebis iqiT mde-

bare teritoria Sedioda bizantiis imperiis Semadgenlo-

baSi, VIII s-mde. amitomac, rodesac Cven vamtkicebT, rom

dasavleT saqarTveloSi konstantinopols ar gaaCnda

Tavisi iurisdiqcia, cxadia, igulisxmeba am sasazRvro

mdinareebis aqeT mdebare dasavleT saqarTvelos teri-

toria. rogorc cnobilia, md. egriswylad miiCneva md.

RaliZga (oCamCiris raionSi), xolo md. klisurad _ md.

kelasuri (soxumTan).

rusul pravoslavnaia enciklopediaSi~, dasavleT saqa-

rTvelos msgavsad, samxreT saqarTveloc araqarTul

qveynadaa gamocxadebuli, sadac, TiTqosda, qarTuli ek-

lesiis gabatonebis Semdeg moxda mkvidri `somxebis~

gaqarTveleba. `somxebis~ gaqarTvelebis `Tvalsazrisi~

imdenadaa gavrcelebuli, rom man ukve qarTul saekle-

sio gamocemebSic SeaRwia. magaliTad, cnobili avtori

wers: kirion I kaTalikosma, qvemo qarTlSi `araqarTuli

mosaxleobis gasaqarTveleblad marjved gamoiyena poli-

tikuri viTareba~ (saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqebi,

Tb., 2000, gv. 28)

somexi avtorebi, da ara mxolod isini, aseT statiebs

safuZvlad udeben Teorias, rom qvemo qarTli da, saer-

Tod, samxreT saqarTvelo somxuri qveyana iyo, romelic

eklesiis mier gaqarTvelda~. esaa e.w. qarTizaciis~ Teo-

ria, romelic oficialuri istoriografiisaTvis ueWvel

dogmad iqca.

am Teoriis msgavsia amJamad gavrcelebuli Tvalsazrisi,

rom mcxeTa-Tbilisis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT mdebare

regionebi, e.i. istoriuli kaxeTi da qvemo qarTli,

TiTqosda, Tavdapirvelad dasaxlebuli iyo albaneli

xalxiT, romelic qarTuli eklesiis meSveobiT gaqarTvel-

da. es Teoriac unda eqvemdebarebodes gadaxedvas, rad-

14

ganac Zveli qarTuli saeklesio istoriografiis Tanax-

mad, hereT-albaneTi moicavda sul sxva teritorias. ker-

Zod, Semdegdroindeli ranisa da Saqis miwa-wyals, amito-

mac uwodebdnen Semdgom saukuneebSi hereTis dedofals

SuSaniks saeklesio wyaroebSi ranis dedofals, xolo mefe-

Ta titulaturaSi ixseneboda ranTa mefe, romelic

gulisxmobda hereTis yofili samefos mflobelobas.

albaneTis kulturul memkvidreobaze amJamad pretenzias

acxadeben azerbaijanelebi, amitomac Tuki albaneTi uSu-

alod emijneboda mcxeTa-Tbiliss _ aRniSnuli TeoriiT

maT garkveuli uflebamosileba eniWebaT mcxeTis aRmo-

savleTiTa da Tbilisis samxreTiT mdebare miwa-wyalsa

da masze mdebare kulturis Zeglebzec.

yovelive zemoT aRniSnulidan, Cans, rom didi iv. jav-

axiSvili ar ganixilavda saistorio mecnierebas rogorc

dogmas, aramed miiCnevda, rom is unda ganviTarebuliyo,

rom erTxel miRebuli Tvalsazrisi ar unda CaTvliliyo

Seucvlel WeSmaritebad, romlis koreqtireba anda uary-

ofa SeuZlebeli iqneboda. mis mier ruis-urbnisis krebis

samarTlebrivi aqtis mxardaWera miuTiTebs imis Sesaxebac,

rom istoriuli mecnierebis ganviTarebisaTvis zogjer

saWiro aris axali ideebis Camoyalibeba, anda Zveli

erovnuli saistorio ideebis aRorZineba-ganaxleba axa-

li moTxovnilebebis Sesabamisad.

marTlac, Tu ar ganviTarda istoriuli mecniereba, is

CamorCeba da erT adgilas gaiyineba, amiT ki ver SeZlebs

Tavisi funqciis srulyofilad aRsrulebas.

ivane javaxiSvili CvenTvis yovelTvis TvalsaCino eta-

loni da magaliTi aris Tavisi moRvaweobis yoveli wax-

nagiT.

22.04.2010.

15

II

uwmidesi da unetaresi

sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II

araswori istoriografiuli

Teoriebis Sesaxeb

17

uwmidesi ilia II da wm. sinodiaraswori istoriografiuli Teoriebis

Sesaxeb

uwmidesma da unetaresma sruliad saqarTvelos pa-

triarqma ilia II-m Tavis ramdenime epistolesa da qad-

agebaSi dasva da ganixila qarTuli istoriografiis prob-

lematikuri sakiTxebi, romlebic misuwmidesobas miaCnia

prioritetulad sazogadoebis sulieri Semobrunebis

gzaze.

2011 wlis saSobao epistoleSi uwmidesi patriarqi

aRniSnavs: Cveni uZvelesi istoriis zogierTi sakvanZo sa-

kiTxi, rac qarTvelTa warmomavlobasa da eris erTianobas

ukavSirdeba, realuri saxiT Tanamedrove sazogadoebam na-

klebad icis. amis mizezi aris is, rom carizmi da sabWoTa

imperia yovelTvis cdilobdnen igi araobieqturad warmo-

eCinaT. maT ar surdaT, Cvens xalxSi erovnul-patriotuli

suliskveTebis gaRviveba, radgan igi saxelmwifoebrivi

damoukideblobis moTxovnis saSiSroebas Seicavda. arao-

bieqturad miwodebuli istoriis safuZvelze, sruliad

ukanonod da usamarTlod Seiqmna, magaliTad, avtonomiebi

XX saukunis dasawyisSi ruseTis mier dapyrobil saqa-

rTveloSi. adrec miTqvams, rom swored amitom, gansakuTre-

bul cenzuras ganicdida qarTuli istoriografia, enaT-

mecniereba da sxva iseTi mimarTulebebi, romelnic msof-

lmxedvelobis ganmsazRvrel dargebad miiCneoda. Cvens

cnobil mkvlevarebs didi Zalisxmeva da Tavdadeba dasWir-

daT, raTa nawilobriv mainc gadaerCinaT da dRemde moet-

anaT Cveni eris istoriuli simarTle. axla ki, rodesac aR-

sdga saqarTvelos Tavisufleba, aucilebelia, Segnebulad

18

dafaruli warsulis warmoCena da saqarTvelos obieqtu-

ri matianis dawera uxsovari droidan dRemde (aRniSnulsakiTxze bolo sxdomaze imsjela wm. sinodma da miiRo

saTanado gadawyvetileba). amas jer kidev XIX s-Si da XX s-is dasawyisSi cdilobdnen Cveni sasiqadulo mamuliSvi-

lni, magram maTi naazrevi maSindeli saxelmwifoebrivi

ideologiis sapirwoned, bunebrivia, ver iqca~.qarTuli Tanamedrove istoriografiis problema-

tikuri sakiTxebis rkvevas misma uwmidesobam gansakuTre-

buli yuradReba miaqcia 2006 wlidan. am wlis saSobao

epistoleSi man aRniSna, rom Tanamedrove qarTuli isto-

riografia samwuxarod ver acda jer kidev XIX saukuneSi

ruseTis imperiis mier saistorio mecnierebaSi danergil

Teorias, romlis mixedviTac qarTveli eris mTlianoba

da misi uflebebi saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze saeWvod Can-

da. amasTan dakavSirebiT ilia II wers: `wminda ilia marTa-li Tavis publicistur werilebSi ebrZoda peterburgis

universitetSi Seqmnil antiqarTul istoriografiul Teo-

rias, romlis mixedviTac erTiani qarTveli eri warmodge-nili iyo gansxvavebuli tomebis xelovnur gaerTianebad.

aRniSnuli kampaniis gagrZeleba iyo is, rom imperiulmaZalebma daiwyes megrulad da svanurad saRvTismsaxuro

wignebis Targmna da scades wirva-locvis Catarebac,magram am kuTxis Svilebma da mTelma qarTulma sazogadoe-

bam maT sakadrisi pasuxi gasca. es iyo neli moqmedebis

ideologiuri naRmi; am naRmma Cven dRevandel mdgomare-obamde migviyvana da Zmoba da erToba dagvarRvevina~ - wers

uwmidesi patriarqi 2006 wlis saSobao epistoleSi.

saqme isaa, rom qarTul istoriografiaSi amJamad

mkvidrad danergili TeoriiT dasavleT saqarTvelo 600

19

wlis manZilze imyofeboda ara qarTuli eklesiis iuris-

diqciaSi, aramed ucxo (konstantinepolis) sapatriarqo-

Si. am Teoriis Tanaxmad, romelic asaxulia yvela cnobar-

sa, saskolo saxelmZRvanelosa da saenciklopedio sta-

tiaSi TiTqos qarTlis (mcxeTis) sakaTalikoso IX-X s.-Si

`SeiWra~ dasavleT saqarTvelos (konstantinepolis) sap-

atriarqos iurisdiqciaSi da berZnuli eparqiebis gauqme-

bis Semdgom dasavleT saqarTveloSi TviTon gabatonda -

`IX saukunidan mTel dasavleT saqarTveloSi qarTuli

eklesia gabatonda~ (qse, t. 10, gv. 460). sabWoTa epoqaSi

gavrcelda aseTi umarTebulo Tvalsazrisi _ `dasavleT

saqarTveloSi berZnuli kaTedrebis moSla da maT sapir-

ispirod qarTuli saepiskoposo centrebis daarseba sab-

olood X saukuneSi sruldeba~ (narkvevebi, t. II, 1973, gv.

427). Tu rogori `reaqciuli iyo qarTuli eklesiis pro-

zelitizmi _ konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiq-

ciaSi SeWra~ _ amis Sesaxeb Cveni oficialuri istori-

ografia wers: `qarTvelebi dasavleT saqarTvelodan

sdevnian berZnul enas, berZnul viwro erovnul kultu-

ras, SemoaqvT da avrceleben sakuTar, qarTul enas,

qarTul RvTismsaxurebas da qarTul saeklesio-samonas-

tro wesebs. qarTul kulturas Tan mohqonda qarTuli

politikuri Segneba da ideali, ase rom mcxeTa jer eno-

brivad (eTnikur elementze dayrdnobiT) SeiWra lixT-

imereTSi, xolo Semdeg, rogorc Cans, formula wamoayena

Tavisi organizaciuli gabatonebis dasasafuZvleblad -

cxadia, mcxeTis sakaTalikosos mxriv, es aris konstanti-

nopolis sapatriarqos winaaRmdeg mimarTuli brZola

lixT-imereTis eklesiaze organizaciulad gabatonebis

mizniT~ (iqve, narkv. II, 1973, gv. 586).

20

qarTvel avtorebze dayrdnobiT saeklesio separatis-

ti d. dbari eWvmiutanel faqtad miiCnevs Tvalsazriss,

rom dasavleT saqarTvelo konstantinopolis iurisdiq-

ciaSi imyofeboda da iq RvTismsaxurebisaTvis eklesiebSi

aramxolod berZnuli, aramed afxazuri enac gamoiyene-

boda, xolo Semdeg TiTqosda dasavleT saqarTvelos ek-

lesia da afxazuri saxelmwifo qarTvelma agresorebma

qarTuli eklesiis winamZRolobiT daipyres da afxazuri

eklesia Cakles (ix. wignSi Иермонах Дорофей “Дбар” (Краткийочерк истории Абхазской Православной Церкви) Новий Афон)

am TeoriiT ara mxolod dasavleT saqarTvelo, TiTqos

kaxeTis didi nawilic ki ucxo eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi

iyo. Tanamedrove istoriografiis mier miCneulia, rom

bodbe, daviT garejas mimdebare teritoriebi TiTqos

Sedioda albaneTis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciaSi da mxo-

lod Semdgom gabatonda iq qarTuli eklesia (Православнаяэнциклопедия, т.1, statia `albaneTis sakaTalikoso~).

~pravoslavnaia enciklopediis~ tomeulebSi, dasavleT

saqarTvelos msgavsad, samxreT saqarTveloc araqarTul



gaqarTveleba. `somxebis~ gaqarTvelebis `Tvalsazrisi~ im-

denadaa gavrcelebuli, rom man ukve qarTul saeklesio

gamocemebSic SeaRwia. magaliTad, kirion I kaTalikosma

TiTqosda qvemo qarTlSi `araqarTuli mosaxleobis gasa-

qarTveleblad marjved gamoiyena politikuri viTareba~

miiCneva, rom tao-klarjeTi, basiani da mimdebare regione-

bi Tavdapirvelad iyo somxuri eTnikuri regioni. Sesabam-

isad banas, xaxulis, oSkis da sxva eklesiebi miiCneva somxu-

ri arqiteqturis Zeglebad da isini mxolod imitom aRmoCnd-

21

nen qarTuli eklesiis wiaRSi, rom mkvidri somxuri mosax-

leoba gaqarTvelda `qarTizaciis~ Sedegad (Православнаяэнциклопедия, т.1, statia `somxuri eklesia~).

aseve sadavodaa qceuli qarTvelTa ufleba saqarTve-

los sxva istoriul regionebze.

Tanamedrove istoriografiaSi danergili am Tval-

sazrisis gamo qarTvel avtorebs Zalze xSirad uTiTeben

separatistebi TavianT SromebSi. am naSromebiT maT saer-

TaSoriso saeklesio wreebic ki daaintereses. amis gamo

sagangebod imsjela wm. sinodma 2012 w. 5 ivliss da miiRo

ganCineba: `vinaidan XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi da, gan-sakuTrebiT, XX s-Si, - komunistebis mmarTvelobis xanaSi,

mizanmimarTulad Seicvala da gayalbda Sexeduleba

saqarTvelos eklesiis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb, mkvidrdeboda raazri, TiTqos dasavleT saqarTvelo IV-X saukuneebSi, anu 600

wlis manZilze, ar iyo qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi,amasTan, TiTqos, Crdilo, aRmosavleT da samxreT saqa-

rTveloSi aseve ar Sedioda Cveni zogierTi istoriuli

regioni, daevalos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis qarT-ul universitets, gadadgas realuri, drouli da qmediTi

nabijebi aTeistur periodSi SemuSavebuli ideologiisnacvlad saqarTvelos eklesiis namdvili istoriis war-

moCenisa da popularizaciisaTvis. xeli Seewyos meufeananias (jafariZe) mier warmodgenili masalebis dabeWdvas

da istoriul wyaroebze dayrdnobili im WeSmariti azris

ganmtkicebas, rom `wminda mociqulma andriam iqadaga yov-elsa qveyanasa saqarTveloisasa~, xolo wminda ninom ganan-

aTla yoveli savseba yovelTa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~ (didisjuliskanoni, 1974, gv. 545-546) da rom amas mowmoben ucxo-

uri wyaroebic. aRsaniSnavia isic rom am azrs srulad

22

iziarebs batoni ivane javaxiSvili. igi wers: `andria mo-ciqulic da wmida ninoc saerTo qarTuli eklesiis dam-aarseblad da mTeli eris ganmanaTleblad iyvnen cnobilni,saqarTvelos sxvadasxva nawilebis calke mqadageblebisgamoZebnis survilic ar hqoniaT, radgan isini mTliani daganuyofeli saqarTvelos ganmtkicebisa da aRorZinebi-saTvis iRvwodnen~ (qarTveli eris istoria, t. III, gv. 47)~ -

aRniSnavs wm. sinodi.

sazogadod, rogorc mefis ruseTis imperiaSi ise sab-

WoTa kavSirSi istoria iyo is samecniero dargi, romel-

ic ruseTis imperiis mier gamoiyeneboda rogorc ideo-

logia dapyrobili erebis daSla-danawevrebis mizniT.

amitomac, rogorc wesi yovelTvis Zalze yalbdeboda is.

am faqts miuTiTebs kidevac uwmidesi patriarqi ilia II.

yovel SemTxvevaSi, rogorc iTqva saqarTvelos eklesi-

is interesebs SemaSfoTeblad azaralebs jer kidev sab-

WoTa epoqaSi Seqmnili da amJamad gabatonebuli saisto-

rio Teoriebi.

am sakiTxs eZRvneba mravali gamokvleva, wmida sino-

dis dadgenilebebi da patriarqis epistoleebi.

wm. sinodma sxvadasxva wlebSi orjer miiRo dadgenile-

ba istoriis problematikasTan dakavSirebiT.

kerZod, 2011 wlis 20 dekembers wm. sinodma Tavis sx-

domaze miiRo Semdegi dadgenileba `sabWoTa periodSixdeboda saqarTvelosa da msoflio istoriis gayalbeba.Secdomebis gamosasworeblad Seiqmnas istorikosTa jgufimanglisisa da walkis mitropolit ananias (jafariZe) xel-mZRvanelobiT~.

xolo wm. sinodis meore sxdoma, romelmac miiRo sa-

gangebo dadgenileba saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis pro-

blematikasTan dakavSirebiT Sedga 2012 wlis 5 ivliss.

23

wm. sinodis 2012 wlis 5 ivlisis dadgenilebaSi naTqvamia

_ XIX s. meore naxevarSi da gansakuTrebiT XX s. komunistebismmarTvelobis xanaSi mizan mimarTulad Seicvala da gayalb-

da Sexeduleba saqarTvelos eklesiis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb ...~wmida sinodma sagangebod daavala sapatriarqos andria

pirvelwodebulis qarTul universitets gadadgas realuri,

drouli da qmediTi nabijebi aTeistur periodSi SemuSave-

buli ideologiis nacvlad saqarTvelos eklesiis namdvili

istoriis populalizaciisa da warmoCenisaTvis. wm. sinodma

miuTiTa kidec gzebi am problemis gadasawyvetad. cxadia

wminda sinodis dadgenileba exeba sapatriarqos yvela sas-

wavlo dawesebulebas.

saerTod ki aRniSnuli problematikuri sakiTxebi am-

Jamindeli qarTuli istoriografiisa imdenad mniSvnelo-

vani aris saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi ganmtkicebisa

da qarTveli eris mTlianobisaTvis, rom uwmidesma pa-

triarqma 2009 wlis 10 ivliss Tavis 76-e brZanebiT Seqmna

sapatriarqosTan arsebuli komisia, romelsac evaleba

saqarTvelos realuri istoriis dadgena.

uwmidesi patriarqis 2009 wlis brZanebaSi naTqvamia _

`saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan Seiqmnas saqarTvelos re-aluri istoriis damdgeni mudmivmoqmedi komisia misi ma-

RalyovladusamRvdeloesobis, manglisisa da walkis mit-ropolit ananias (jafariZe) xelmZRvanelobiT~.

zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare saqarTvelos sapa-

triarqos saswavlo dawesebulebebma, kerZod ki sapatri-

arqos andria pirvelwodebulis qarTulma universitet-

ma unda gaiTvaliswinon saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauris,

uwmidesi patriarqis miTiTebebi da aseve wm. sinodis

dadgenilebebi saqarTvelos amJamindel istoriografia-

24

sTan dakavSirebiT da gadadgas realuri, drouli da qmed-

iTi nabijebi aTeistur epoqaSi SemuSavebuli ideologiisnacvlad saqarTvelos eklesiis namdvili istoriis war-

moCenisa da popularizaciisaTvis.saqarTvelos sapatriarqos realuri istoriis damd-

geni komisiis Tavmjdomare, wmida sinodis wevri, manglel_

walkeli mitropoliti anania.

25

amonaridebi uwmidesi patriarqisepistoleebidan araobieqturi istoriis

sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT

I. amonaridi 2012 wlis saSobao epistoledan

`unda SevqmnaT konkurentunariani sainformacio gare-

mo, romelic faseulobebs daefuZneba da maT Taname-

droveobasTan Seazavebs. es daexmareba axalgazrdebs

damoukideblad gascen pasuxi drois gamowvevebs. amaSia

saqarTvelos gadarCena.

Tqvens yuradRebas saqarTvelos istoriaze SevaCereb.

samwuxarod, Cveni uZvelesi istoriis zogierTi sakva-nZo sakiTxi, rac qarTvelTa warmomavlobasa da eris er-Tianobas ukavSirdeba, realuri saxiT Tanamedrove sazo-gadoebam naklebad icis. amis mizezi aris is, rom carizmida sabWoTa imperia yovelTvis cdilobdnen, igi araobie-qturad warmoeCinaT. maT ar surdaT, Cvens xalxSi ero-vnul-patriotuli suliskveTebis gaRviveba, radgan igisaxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis moTxovnis saSiSro-ebas Seicavda. araobieqturad miwodebuli istoriis safu-Zvelze, sruliad ukanonod da usamarTlod Seiqmna, maga-liTad, avtonomiebi, XX saukunis dasawyisSi ruseTis mierdapyrobil saqarTveloSi. adrec miTqvams, rom sworedamitom, gansakuTrebul cenzuras ganicdida qarTuliistoriografia, enaTmecniereba da sxva iseTi mimarTule-

bebi, romelnic msoflmxedvelobis ganmsazRvrel darge-

bad miiCneoda. Cvens cnobil mkvlevarebs didi Zalisxme-

va da Tavdadeba dasWirdaT, raTa nawilobriv mainc gada-

erCinaT da dRemde moetanaT Cveni eris istoriuli sima-

rTle. axla ki, rodesac aRsdga saqarTvelos Tavisufle-

26

ba, aucilebelia, Segnebulad dafaruli warsulis warmoCe-na da saqarTvelos obieqturi matianis dawera uxsovaridroidan dRemde (aRniSnul sakiTxze bolo sxdomaze imsje-la wm. sinodma da miiRo saTanado gadawyvetileba). amas jerkidev XIX s-Si da XX s-is dasawyisSi cdilobdnen Cvenisasiqadulo mamuliSvilni, magram maTi naazrevi maSinde-li saxelmwifoebrivi ideologiis sapirwoned, bunebrivia,ver iqca~.

TqvenTvis mlocveli

27

II. amonaridi 2006 wlis saSobao epistoledan

`metad mniSvnelovania qveynis mTlianobis aRdgenis

sakiTxi. saqarTvelosTvis gareSe Zalebis mier Tavs-

moxveuli Sida konfliqtebi, romelsac arasworad eTno-

konfliqtebsac uwodeben, orasi wlis manZilze mtruli

Zalebis mier warmoebuli informaciuli omis Sedegicaa.

mavanni dResac cdiloben Seuqmnan saerTaSoriso sa-

zogadoebas araswori warmodgena imis Sesaxeb, TiTqos

afxazeTi da cxinvalis regioni istoriulad araqarTu-

li teritoriebia.

istoriografia, enaTmecniereba, arqeologia... nawilo-briv politizirebuli mecnierebebia da, bunebrivia, yove-li qveyana, Tavis interesebidan gamomdinare, iyenebs maT.es gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia imperiebisaTvis, rome-lnic am meTodiT cdiloben gaimyaron Tavisi poziciebi (ga-TiSe da ibatones principi).

jer kidev wminda ilia marTali Tavis publicisturwerilebSi ebrZoda peterburgis universitetSi SeqmnilantiqarTul istoriografiul Teorias, romlis mixedvi-Tac erTiani qarTveli eri warmodgenili iyo gansxvavebu-li tomebis xelovnur gaerTianebad. aRniSnuli kampaniisgagrZeleba iyo is, rom imperiulma Zalebma daiwyes megru-lad da svanurad saRvTismsaxuro wignebis Targmna dascades wirva-locvis Catarebac, magram am kuTxis Svilebmada mTelma qarTulma sazogadoebam maT sakadrisi pasuxigasca.

es iyo neli moqmedebis ideologiuri naRmi; am naRmmaCven dRevandel mdgomareobamde migviyvana da Zmoba da er-Toba dagvarRvevina~.

28

III. amonaweri wmida sinodis sxdomis oqmidan

istoriis gayalbebasTan dakavSirebiT(20. XII. 2011)

2011 wlis 20 dekembers Sedga saqarTvelos marTlma-

didebeli eklesiis wminda sinodis sxdoma. wminda sino-

dma ganixila sxvadasxva sakiTxebi da miiRo Sesabamisi

dadgenilebebi:

sinodma ganaCina:

d) sabWoTa periodSi xdeboda saqarTvelosa da msoflioistoriis gayalbeba. Secdomebis gamosasworebladSeiqmnas istorikosTa jgufi manglisisa da walkismitropolit ananias (jafariZe) xelmZRvanelobiT~.

30

IV. amonaweri wmida sinodis sxdomis oqmidan

istoriis gayalbebasTan dakavSirebiT (5. VII. 2012)

(mokle varianti)

2012 wlis 5 ivliss saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sedga

wminda sinodis morigi sxdoma. sxdomas Tavmjdomare-

obda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,

mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi da biWvinTisa da

cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia II.

6. wminda sinodma moismina manglisisa da walkis mit-ropolit ananias (jafariZe) moxseneba saqarTvelos eklesi-

is istoriis problematikasTan dakavSirebiT da ganaCina:vinaidan XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi da, gansakuTrebiT,XX s-Si, - komunistebis mmarTvelobis xanaSi, mizanmimarTu-lad Seicvala da gayalbda Sexeduleba saqarTvelos ek-lesiis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb, mkvidrdeboda ra azri, TiTqosdasavleT saqarTvelo IV-X saukuneebSi, anu 600 wlis man-

Zilze, ar iyo qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi, amasTan,TiTqos, Crdilo, aRmosavleT da samxreT saqarTveloSiaseve ar Sedioda Cveni zogierTi istoriuli regioni, dae-valos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis qarTul univer-sitets, gadadgas realuri, drouli da qmediTi nabijebiaTeistur periodSi SemuSavebuli ideologiis nacvlad

saqarTvelos eklesiis namdvili istoriis warmoCenisa dapopularizaciisaTvis. xeli Seewyos meufe ananias (jafariZe) mier warmodgeni-li masalebis dabeWdvas da istoriul wyaroebze dayrdno-bili im WeSmariti azris ganmtkicebas, rom `wminda mo-

31

ciqulma andriam iqadaga yovelsa qveyanasa saqarTveloY-sasa~, xolo wminda ninom gananaTla yoveli savseba yovel-Ta qarTvelTa naTesavisa~. (didi sjulis kanoni, 1974, gv.545-546) da rom amas mowmoben ucxouri wyaroebic. aRsaniSnavia isic rom am azrs srulad iziarebs batoniivane javaxiSvili. igi wers: `andria mociqulic da wmidaninoc saerTo qarTuli eklesiis damaarseblad da mTelieris ganmanaTleblad iyvnen cnobilni, saqarTvelos sxva-dasxva nawilebis calke mqadageblebis gamoZebnis survi-lic ar hqoniaT, radgan isini mTliani da ganuyofelisaqarTvelos ganmtkicebisa da aRorZinebisaTvis iRvwo-dnen~. (qarTveli eris istoria, t. III, gv. 47).

sapatriarqos uwyebani #27, 12-20 ivlisi, 2012 w.

32

2009 w. realuri istoriis damdgenisapatriarqos mudmivmoqmedi komisiiswevrTa mier momzadebuli daskvna _

saqarTvelos erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivida saeklesio mTlianobissawinaaRmdegod mimarTuli

e.w. `qarTizaciis~ Teoriis Sesaxeb

`XIX-XX saukuneebSi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefali-

is gauqmebisa da saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis

gauqmebis periodSi mizanmimarTulad yalbdeboda saqar-

Tvelos istoria da enaTmecnierebis safuZvlebi~.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis 2009

wlis 10 ivlisis, 76-e brZanebidan sruliad saqarTvelos

sapatriarqosadmi

`egre mtrisa ar meSinis,

radgan cxadad mawyinarobs;

moyvaresa mtersa vufrTxi,

memoyvreba, mocinarobs~...

r u s T a v e l i

uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-

likos-patriarqi ilia II 2006 wlis saSobao epistoleSi

brZanebs, rom peterburgis universitetSi, XIX s-is bo-

los Seiqmna antiqarTuli istoriografiuli Teoria, ro-

melsac amJamad ewodeba `qarTizaciis Teoria~.

XIX-XX saukuneebSi saqarTvelos dapyrobis epoqaSi

ruseTma imperiuli devizis gaTiSe da ibatone~-s Sesabami-

33

sad Seaferxa qarTveli eris integracia-konsolidaciis

procesi. man am saqmisaTvis gamoiyena ara mxolod samxedro

Zala, aramed samecniero wreebi. rogorc ruseTis impe-

riaSi, ise sabWoTa kavSirSi istoriografia gamoiyeneboda

mZlavr ideologiur iaraRad mcirericxovani erebis dasa-

Slelad da dasamorCileblad. ruseTma aRniSnuli iaraRi

gansakuTrebulad gamoiyena saqarTveloSi, radganac mas

aq daxvda xalxi erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi cnobierebi-

Ta da maRalinteleqtualuri elitiT. qarTvelTa mxri-

dan am winaaRmdegobis gadasalaxavad ruseTma samecnie-

ro da sauniversiteto wreebi gamoiyena, ris Sesaxebac

jer kidev wmida ilia marTali werda publicistur wer-

ilebSi. carizmis dakveTiT peterburgis universitetSi,

qarTveli eris mTlianobis danawevrebis mizniT, profe-

sorma q. patkanovma da misma samecniero wrem, (maT Soris

iyo niko mari) Seqmna e.w. `qarTizaciis~ Teoria. qerofe

patkanovis (qerofe petrosis Ze patkaniani) da niko maris

mosazrebebis, patkanov-maris `TeoriaSi~ Cadebuli sa-

frTxis Sesaxeb jer kidev wmida ilia marTali brZanebda

`qvaTa RaRadSi~1 _ `profesori patkanovi, aw gardacvale-buli, mTelis Tavisis mecnierebis zarbaznebiT mogvesia dahlamis zurgze mtveri agvadinos. jer mogvdga da Tavzedagvafxriwa Cveni `qarTlis cxovreba~. es vaxtang VI drosaris SeTiTxnilio da araviTari cnoba ar aris, rom vaxtang-is winad `qarTlis cxovreba~ yofiliyoso. erTaderTi wer-ili `somxuri qronika~ hqviano da Tu ram masalaa qar-Tvelebis istoriisa, iq Tu ipovebao. marTalia, es `qroni-

1 `somexTa mecnierni da qvaTa RaRadi~ ilia WavWavaZispublicistur memkvidreobas ganekuTvneba, romelic pirvelad gazeT«iveriaSi» gamoqveynda 1899 wels da imave wels gamoica calkewignad, mogvianebiT ki rusul enazec daistamba.

34

ka~ qarTulidam naTargmniao, magram dedani unda iyos SeT-xzuli, anu Sedgenili, uswavlelisa da umecaris somxisa-gan meTormete saukunes, rodesac qarTvelebma igrZnes is-toriis saWiroebao~ [1].

Rvawlmosili istoriografi, arqeologi da eTnogra-

fi dimitri baqraZec2 [2] aRniSnavda am patkanovis Rvawls~

gamokvlevaSi _ `profesori patkanovi da qarTuli isto-

riis wyaroebi~, sxvaTa Soris, patkanov-maris3 `Rvawlze~

miuTiTebdnen axalgazrda ivane javaxiSvils mSoblebi

werilebSi: 1898 wlis 22 oqtombers aforiaqebuli mama

swerda III kursel ivane javaxiSvils: `Svilo, rogorc mama

2 dimitri zaqarias Ze baqraZe (1826-1890). peterburgis mec-nierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespodenti. daamTavra Tbilisis sa-suliero saswavlebeli da Semdgom moskovis sasuliero akademia.1851 wlidan moRvaweobs saqarTveloSi. 1881 wels Seqmna kavkasiisistoriisa da arqeologiis sazogadoeba. 1879 wels i. WavWavaZesada d. yifianTan erTad daaarsa qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvisgamavrcelebeli sazogadoeba. 1889 wels Seqmna qarTul siZveleTaTavmoyrisa da dacvis mniSvnelovani kera – Tbilisis saeklesiomuzeumi. d. baqraZis redaqtorobiT gamoqveynda ioane batoniSvilis`kalmasoba~, vaxuStis saqarTvelos istoria, vaxtang VI-is kanonTakrebulis rusuli Targmani, 1889 wels gamoaqveyna naSromi istoriasaqarTvelosi~ (uZvelesi droidan X s-is dasasrulamde). XIX s-is80-ian wlebSi ebrZoda qerofe patkanovs (patkanians), romelicuaryofda `qarTlis cxovrebis~, rogorc saistorio wyarosmniSvnelobas. 1875 wels Seadgina leqsikoni kavkasia qristianobisuZveles ZeglebSi ~(rusul enaze). 1884 wels aRmoaCina mariamiseuli`qarTlis cxovreba~. iv. javaxiSvilis ganmartebiT d. baqraZempirvelma Seafasa qarTlis cxovrebis~ saistorio Rirebuleba, igileonti mrovels marTebulad Tvlida mematianed da ara ubralogadamwerad rogoradac igi SemdgomSi T. Jordaniam CaTvala. d.baqraZem safuZveli Cauyara qarTul paleografias, rac SemdgomSiiv. javaxiSvilma ganaviTara. wyaro: ivane javaxiSvili. enciklope-diuri leqsikoni, Tsu-s gamomcemloba 2002 w. gv. 182.

35

girCev, Seni sakuTari da WeSmariti kritikulis TvaliTSexedo yvelafers da

ara miepyro maris qarTulis sawinaaRmdego mimarTu-lebas~ [3].

Cven, albaT, aRarc davinteresdebodiT am e.w. qarTi-

zaciis~ sakiTxiT, rom sabWoTa xelisuflebis dros es

Teoria ar gadaqceuliyo qarTuli sabWoTa istoriografi-

is oficialur da erTaderT samecniero mimarTulebad.

Tu ra saSiSroebas warmoadgens aRniSnuli qarTizaci-

is Teoria~ qarTveli eris mTlianobisa da saxelmwifoe-

brivi usafrTxoebisaTvis naTlad gvamcnobs uwmidesi da

unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi

ilia meore: `jer kidev wmida ilia marTali Tavis publi-cistur werilebSi ebrZoda peterburgis universitetSiSeqmnil antiqarTul istoriografiul Teorias, romlismixedviTac erTiani qarTveli eri warmodgenili iyo gansx-vavebuli tomebis xelovnur gaerTianebad. aRniSnuli kam-paniis gagrZeleba iyo is, rom imperiulma Zalebma daiwyes

3 Н. Марр - Академик Императорской Академии наук стал иакадемиком АН СССР, практически главой советской лингвистики, нов итоге изменившим науке (трагический парадокс?). Особеннорезультативным” был для Марра 1930 год. В этом году он,беспартийный, получает право произнести приветственное слово XVIсъезду ВКП (б) от имени Всесoюзной асcоциации работников науки итехники: его внимательно слушает Сталин. Марр немедленно получаетпартийный билет (что ему очень развязало руки), а затем - орден Ленина.В 1931 году академик Марр избирается членом ВЦИК... Иные сужденияпротиворечашие Марризму, начали рассматриваться как“немарксистские”, “идеалистические”, “буржуазные”, “вредные”...после окончания войны (1941-45 w., red.), новый (чуть не ставшийрешающим) этап борьбы последователей Марра за “чистоту умов икадров”... М. Горбаневский, Конспект по корифею, “Литературнаягазета ` 25 мая, 1988 г., №21, стр. 12.

36

megrulad da svanurad saRvTismsaxuro wignebis Targmna dascades wirva-locvis Catarebac, magram am kuTxis Svilebmada mTelma qarTulma sazogadoebam maT sakadrisi pasuxigasca~.4

XIX-XX ss-Si, qarTvelTa fsiqikaSi ganuwyvetliv in-

ergeboda Tvalsazrisi, rom qarTvelobas saerTo isto-

ria arasdros hqonia, mimdinareobda saerTo erovnuli

TviTSemecnebis ngreva-Sla. wmida ilia marTali werda:

`araferi ise ar aerTianebs ers, rogorc saerTo isto-

ria~, saerTo sarwmunoeba. wmida ilia marTlis es Tval-

sazrisi aris uSualo gagrZeleba ruis-urbnisis krebis

mamebis mtkicebisa, rom wmida ninos mier daarsebuli ek-

lesia moicavda sruliad saqarTvelos rogorc dasavleT,

ise aRmosavleT mxares, rom andria pirvelwodebulma

iqadaga saxareba yovelsa qveyanasa saqarTvelosasa~ (didi

sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 545), rom aseve wmida ninom sarw-

munoebasa mimarT miizida yoveli savseba yovlisa qarTvel-

Ta naTesavisa~ (didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 546). maSasa-

dame, qarTvel ers, rogorc adastureben `qarTlis cx-

ovreba~ da `moqcevai qarTlisai~, jer kidev qristeSo-

bamde aerTianebda saerTo saxelmwifo dasavleT da aR-

mosavleT saqarTvelos momcveli, saerTo ena da saerTo

eklesia wmida mociqulebisa da wmida ninos Semdeg. saek-

lesio, aseve kulturisa da saxelmwifo ena Zveli qarTu-

li ena iyo, radganac mTel am arealze cxovrobda erTi

enis mqone mosaxleoba, rogorc mematiane wers, saqarTve-

loSi ara izraxeboda sxva ena Tvinier qarTulisa. amito-

mac wmida werilis zepiri da werilobiTi Targmnis epoqa-

4 uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, ilia II-is, saSobao epistole, 2006 w.

37

Si, II-IV ss-Si (1800-1600 wlis win) ZvelqarTul enaze iTarg-

mna wmida werili. sazogadod, mociqulTa epoqaSi saek-

lesio wesebis Tanaxmad wmida werili unda Targmniliyo

yvela enaze. aRniSnavda kidec pavle mociquli filipel-

Ta mimarT Tavis epistoleSi: _ saxelisa mimarT ieso qris-

tesisa yoveli muxli modrkes da yovelman enaman aRu-

aros sadidebelad RvTisa~ (filipelTa mimarT, Tavi II,

muxli V). am saeklesio wesidan gamomdinare, radganac

sruliad saqarTveloSi imJamad Zveli qarTuli ena war-

moadgenda rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqar-

TveloSi yvelasaTvis gasageb saerTo enas, amitomac mx-

olod am enaze iTargmna wmida werili. miiCneoda, rom

kuTxuri metyvelebani warmoadgendnen Zveli qarTuli enis

dialeqtebs. maSasadame, mTel am arealze qarTvel ers

aerTianebda saerTo istoria, saerTo sarwmunoeba, saer-

To ena.

XIX-XX ss-Si, rogorc aRiniSna, ganuwyvetliv mimdinar-

eobda qarTuli Semecnebidan saerTo enisa da saerTo is-

toriis amoSla. da amJamad, samwuxarod, faqtobrivad

dainerga Tvalsazrisi, rom TiToeuli kuTxis mosaxle-

obas gaaCnda sakuTari warmomavloba da sakuTari isto-

ria. magaliTad, ase warmoaCenen kolxeTis, hereTis da

sxva kuTxeebis istorias. faqtobrivad amasve imeorebs

rusuli presa, rasac saTanado pasuxi unda gaeces.

XX saukuneSi, aTeistur-bolSevikuri represiebis Sem-

deg, istoriografiaSi WeSmaritebis Zieba waxalisebuli

ar yofila, ufro metic, kultivirebuli iyo wyaroebis

gayalbeba an maTi interpretireba ise, rom SesaZlebeli

yofiliyo maTi Cayeneba marqsistuli ideologiis samsax-

urSi. qarTizaciis Teoria rom sabWoTa epoqaSi gadaiqca

qarTuli istoriografiis oficialur Teoriad, Cans

qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopediidanac, romlis X tomis

38

statiaSi `qarTvelebi~ naTqvamia: `qarTis tomma~ SeZloaRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi àraqarTul daaraqarTvelur~ tomebSi SeRweva-infiltracia da maTi asim-ilaciis Semdeg IX-X ss-Si Camoyalibda aRmosavlur-qarTu-li erovneba~ [4]. am statiis mixedviT, qarTis tomma SeZlo`herul-albanuri mosaxleobis qarTizacia~ [4]. maSasadame,oficialuri TvalsazrisiT, herebi da albanelebi erTixalxia, anda herul-albanuri mosaxleoba erTi eTnosia,romelic Semdgom qarTizebuli iqna da Seemata àRmosav-lur-qarTul erovnebas~. aqedanac Cans, rom oficialuriistoriografiis TvalsazrisiT, iyo dro, rodesac herebiqarTvelebi ar iyvnen.

amave TeoriiT, qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopediis mixed-

viT, IX-X saukuneebSi Camoyalibebula aRmosavlur-qarTu-

li erovneba da misi saxeli yofila `qarTvelebi~, xolodasavleT saqarTveloSi amave TeoriiT, TiTqosda gansxvave-buli eTnosi cxovrobda.

imave qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopediis Tanaxmad, dasav-leT saqarTveloSi Turme Camoyalibebula sxva dasavlur-qarTuli erovneba da aseTi procesebi ganviTarebula: dai-wyo dasavleT saqarTvelos `qarTizacia~ eklesiis meoxebiT_ ÌX saukunidan mTel dasavleT saqarTveloSi qarTulieklesia gabatonda~, ris Sedegadac terminma `qarTveli~kulturul-politikuri mniSvneloba SeiZina [4].

rusi interventebisa da separatistebis mier gaCaRe-

bul afxazeTisa da samaCablos omebis dros, aseve oku-

pantebis mier afxazeTis mitacebis win e.w. ìdeologiur

omSi~ qarTvelTa damarcxeba unda aixsnas àxali qarTu-

li istoriografiis~ sisustiTac, romelic iqamde aTeu-

li wlebis manZilze acxadebda, rom Tavdapirvelad, uZ-

veles xanaSive, kolxeTis samefos epoqaSi, mTeli dasav-

leT saqarTvelos zRvispireTi dasaxlebuli iyo afxa-

39

zur-adiReuri tomebiT da Semdgom dros maT adgilze

Casaxldnen qarTveluri tomebi. ara mxolod afxazeTSi,

samaCablos konfliqtis dros mxolod erTeuli istori-

kosebi icavdnen erovnul interesebs. samwuxarod, ofi-

cialurma, qarTizaciis~ TeoriiT xelfexSekrulma, isto-riografiam ver SeZlo simarTlis warmoCena, radganac iqam-de mecnierulad amtkicebda `qarTizaciis~ Teoriis Sesa-bamisad, rom aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis mosaxle-oba, maT Soris samaCabloSi istoriulad mcxovrebi dvale-bi, TiTqosda qarTvelebi ki ar iyvnen, aramed _ araqarTvele-bi, romelTa `qarTizacia _ gaqarTveleba~ moxda garkveulistoriul etapze. TiTqosda, ara marto dvalebi da sxva mTi-ulebi, gaqarTvelebuli `qarTizebuli~ xalxi yofilan _her-kaxebi, qvemo qarTlelebi, tao-klarjelebi, dasavleTsaqarTvelos mosaxleoba, Tanac Turme maTi asimilaciisprocesSi saqarTvelos eklesias didi wvlili miuZRoda.qarTul sabWoTa enciklopediaSi, statiaSi qarTvelebi~,

rogorc iTqva, aseTi terminologiiT aris aRwerili es

procesi. rusuli `pravoslavnaia enciklopediis~ mixed-

viT ki, Tavdapirvelad dRevandeli ingiloebi albaneTis

sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciaSi iyvnen. sainteresoa, rom

Tbilisidan amJamad dabejiTebiT unergaven saingilos

mosaxleobas Tvalsazriss, rom isini eTnikuri herebi ari-

an. Tumca aqamde ingiloebma TavianTi herobis Sesaxeb

araferi icodnen da isini TavianT Tavs aRmosavleT kaxe-

Tis mosaxleobad miiCnevdnen. amJamad ki Tvalsazrisi, rom

ingiloebi herebi arian, Zalze gavrcelda. amis parale-lurad, azerbaijaneli istorikosebi da mecnierebi amtki-ceben, rom herebi da albanelebi erTi xalxi iyo da, amas-Tanave, albanelebi azerbaijaneli xalxis winaprebi iyvnen,Sesabamisad, herul-albanuri kultura azerbaijanuli

40

kulturis sakuTrebaa da Semdgom qarTulma eklesiam is mi-isakuTra. maSasadame, ingiloebi Tu herebi arian, isini amisgamo azerbaijanul tomad moiazreba. yvelaferi zemoT

aRniSnuli ki patkanovis suliskveTebiT da niko maris

`naRvawiTaa~ generirebuli: Tanaxmad didi ivane javaxi-

Svilisa, n. mari araTu afxazebs, aramed megrelebs da

svanebsac ki araqarTvelebad Tvlida. iv. javaxiSvili wer-da: `akad. n. mari misayvedurebs, rom megrelebs, svanebs daafxazebs me qarTvelebs vuwodeb da pontosa da frigiis ere-bi TiTqos qarTvelebadac ki miqcevia. afxazebs me qarTvel-Ta monaTesaved vTvli, magram qarTvelebs ar vuwodeb, racSeexeba megrelebs da svanebs da davumateb Wanebsac, maTmarTlac qarTvel tomebad vTvli~ [5].

dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobis araqarTvelebad

`gadaqcevis~ Semdgom, n. marma aRmosavleT saqarTvelosac

`mixeda~, misi `Teoriis~ Tanaxmad, fSav-xevsurebi CaCnuritomebi yofilan da Semdeg gaqarTvelebulan. am `Teorias~zogi qarTveli mkvlevari rusulad ukeTebs tiraJirebas,magaliTad 1983 wels z. anCabaZis redaqtorobiT dabeWdilwignSi `Культурные взаимосвязи народов Грузии и центрПредкавказья” n. maris Sesaxeb naTqvamia – В своем труде«К истории передвижения яфетических народов», он пишетследующее: «Не скрою, что грузинские горцы, в числе иххевсуры и пшавы, мне сейчас представляются такими жегрузинизированными племенами чеченского народа». n. marssxva SromebSic aqvs analogiuri `mignebebi~: В труде«Племенной состав населения Кавказа» Н. Марр особовыделил чечено-ингушские племена, отнеся их к восточнойгруппе яфетических народов Кавказа, в которую входятпшавы, хевсуры и цова тушины или бацбы [6].

n. maris Tanaxmad, mTeli samxreTi saqarTvelo ara qar-Tvelebis, aramed somexTa miwa-wylad miiCneva, xolo iqau-

41

ri qarTveloba _ gaqarTvelebul somxebad [7]. uTuod esaa

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mizezi saqarTvelos da qarTve-

li eris mimarT im biologiuri zizRisa, rasac sxvadasxva

juris momxvdurni avlenen.

n. maris mimdevar qarTvel avtorTa azriT, dasavleTsaqarTveloSi iqamde ukve Camoyalibebuli iyo kolxurianu megrul-Wanuri eTnosi da Semdgom daiwyo misi `qarTi-zacia~ da es procesi braldeba qarTul eklesias, romel-ic, TiTqosda, iWreboda sxva ucxo eklesiis, am SemTxvevaSi,dasavleT saqarTvelos konstantinopolis iurisdiqciissazRvrebSi da maT mrevls iTvisebda. cxadia, esaa dadana-Sauleba prozelitizmSi. prozelitizmi ki dagmobilia

mociqulTa droidanve da sxvisi samwysos misakuTreba ek-

lesiisaTvis saTakilo qmedebad iTvleboda jer kidev I

msoflio krebidan. saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis am saTaki-

lo epiTetiT, Tanamedrove avtorebs, Cans, eris winaSe

Cveni eklesiis mniSvnelobis `warmoCena~ surT, magali-

Tad, 2005 wels, saerTaSoriso konferenciaze, romelic

saqarTveloSi qristianobis oc saukunes eZRvneboda,

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis istoriis

institutis saxeliT wardgenili iqna moxseneba _ qarTu-li eklesia da saxelmwifo teritoria Sua saukuneebSi~ [8],sadac naTqvamia: `qarTuli eklesiis kulturul-ideolo-giuri prozelitizmi winaswar qmnida mkvidr niadags poli-tikuri procesebis warmatebiT ganviTarebisaTvis~.

qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi cnobierebis dangrevis miz-

niT, rusul specsamsaxurebSi Seqmnili e.w. `qarTizaci-

is~ Teoriis _ uaxlesi istoriis qarTuli saxelmwifoe-

briobis mTavari safrTxis ideologiuri safuZvlis

dasamkvidreblad, XX s-is 20-30-ian wlebSi, rusuli bolSe-

vikuri saxelmwifos mier, Cveni xalxis Zveli istoria

42

`reaqciul Teoriad~ gamocxadda, daiwyo mis winaaRmdeg

`gadamwyveti brZola~ ukve gamarqsistebuli~ mecniereb-

is mxridan. aRniSnulis tragizms aZlierebs is faqti, rom

`qarTizaciis~ Teoria bolSevikebis xelSi gadaiqca ara

mxolod berketad saqarTvelos Zveli istoriis dasan-

grevad, aramed mis Casanacvlebladac. amJamad qarTizaci-is~ Teoria erTaderT utyuar samecniero mimarTulebadaaaRiarebuli. is absoluturadaa gabatonebuli XX da XXIsaukunis dasawyisis qarTul istoriografiasa da filo-logiaSi. `qarTizaciis~ Teoriis gacnobis Semdeg, ucx-

oelT eqmnebaT STabeWdileba qarTvelTa imperializmis~

Sesaxeb, rom, TiTqos, maT patara èrebi~ hyavT dapyro-

bili; amgvar STabeWdilebas mxars umagrebs enaTmecnier-

Ta nawilis Teoriac qarTvelTa e.w. sami-oTxi enis Sesax-

eb, romelTagan erTis _ qarTulis _ àRzevebiT~ iCagre-

ba sxva qarTveluri ènebi~; es yovelive ki mavanTaTvis

safuZvels qmnis araqarTvelebad gamoacxadon qarTvel-

Ta erTi nawili, Sesabamisad, araqarTulad miiCnion maTi

metyveleba [9]. magaliTad, naTela quTelia amasTan dakav-

SirebiT wers: ìnternetis vebsaitebze musirebs Tema -

megrelebi da svanebi patara erebi yofilan da qarTvel

òkupantebs daupyriaT~ da axla maT enebs ganviTarebis

saSualebas ar aZleven. arsebobs `doqtrina~ _ ar arse-

bobs qarTveli eri, arsebobs calkeul tomTa konglome-

rati~ (n. quTelia. qarTuli ena, rogorc kulturul-

erovnuli da politikuri mTlianobis safuZveli; kre-

bulSi: àxlo aRmosavleTi da saqarTvelo~, IV, Tbilisi,

2005, gv. 273).

uTuod es unda iyos erT-erTi mTavari mizezi imisa,

Tu ratom uwodebda saqarTvelos `mcire imperias~ cno-

bili rusi mecnieri a. saxarovi.

43

aRsaniSnavia, rom Cveni saxelmwifosa da eklesiis arake-

Tilismsurvelebma, gansakuTrebiT ki separatistma ideo-

logebma, imTaviTve aitaces Cveni istoriografiis mier

legalizebuli qarTizaciis~ Teoriis daskvnebi Cveni ek-

lesiis prozelitizmis Sesaxeb TavianT sasargeblod. isini

vrcel samecniero naSromebSi (maT Soris, rusuli `pra-voslavnaia enciklopedia~-s statiebSi) amtkiceben, romsaqarTvelos esa Tu is kuTxe istoriulad araqarTuliregionia da, Sesabamisad, qarTvelebs istoriuli uflebaara aqvT am kuTxeebze.

SeuZlebelia, saqarTvelos wmida eklesia prozelituri

yofiliyo imitom, rom `prozelituri~ iseT eklesias

ewodeba, romelic iWreba sxva eklesiis samrevloSi misi

misakuTrebis mizniT. aseTi qmedeba ki msoflio saekle-

sio kanonebiT miuRebeli iyo da aris. magaliTad, mociqul-

Ta 35-e kanoni brZanebs: `episkoposma ar unda gabedos

xeldasxma Tavisi samrevlos gareT, qalaqebsa da sof-

lebSi, romlebic ar eqvemdebarebian mis eklesias. xolo

Tu igi mxilebuli iqneba, unda ganikveTos isic da mis

mier xeldasxmulebic~ (`didi sjulis kanoni~, 1974, mo-

ciqulTa kanonebi).

mociqulTa am kanons kidev ufro amtkicebs 381 wels

konstantinopolSi mowveuli II msoflio krebis me-2 kanoni:

`eklesiaTa keTilad gangebisa da mSvidobisaTvis arc erT

episkoposs ara aqvs ufleba, gascdes Tavisi eklesiis

sazRvrebs da SeiWras sxva eklesiis sazRvrebSi, raTa ar

moaxdinos eklesiebis aRreva. kanonis Tanaxmad, aleqsan-

driis episkoposi unda ganagebdes mxolod egviptis ek-

lesiebs... pontoeli episkoposni unda marTavdnen mxolod

pontos eklesiebs, xolo Trakiis episkoposni _ mxolod

Trakiis eklesiebs. episkoposi ar unda gavides Tavisi

44

samTavros eklesiis farglebidan xeldasxmisaTvis~ (`didi

sjulis kanoni~ 1974, mociqulTa kanonebi).

III msoflio krebis mamebma kidev ufro dabejiTebiT

damoZRvres eklesiaTa meTaurebi, ar daemorCilebinaT

sxvisi samwyso _ nurc erTi episkoposi nu miitacebs sxva

eparqias, romelic Tavidanve da ZvelTaganve ar emorCile-

boda mas da ar iyo mis winamorbed saydrismpyrobelTa

gamgeblobis qveS, xolo Tu vinme miitacebs sxvis eparqi-

as iZulebiT, ganTavisuflebuli unda iyos igi, raTa ar

dairRves mamaTa kanonebi~ (III msoflio krebis me-8 kano-

ni). imaves wers da aRniSnavs sxva saeklesio kanonebic. Tu

qarTuli eklesia prozelituri iyo da mas ZvelTaganve

ar emorCileboda dasavleT saqarTvelos, aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos erTi nawilis, samxreT saqarTvelos samwy-

soebi, qarTulma eklesiam ki miiTvisa isini, amiT daur-

Rvevia msoflio saeklesio kanonebi, kerZod, mociqulTa

35-e, II msoflio krebis me-2, III msoflio krebis me-8, karT-

agenis 74-e da sxva kanonebi, da gana kanondamrRvevi ek-

lesia SeiZleba yofiliyo marTali da marTlmadidebluri,

romliTac amayobdnen saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida mame-

bi? amis Taobaze SesaniSnavad miuTiTebda prokofi kesa-

rieli, `rom qarTvelebi marTlmadideblobis wesebs yve-

laze ukeT icavdnen~. somexi ierarqebi werdnen, rom qarT-

velebi amayoben TavianTi sarwmunoebrivi siwmidiT da

TavianTi saeklesio upiratesobiT.

saqarTvelos eklesia ki Turme, qarTuli sabWoTa enci-klopediis~ Tanaxmad, arRvevda umTavres saeklesio kanon-ebs da sxvis iurisdiqciaSi iWreboda: `dasavleT saqar-TveloSi gabatonda qarTuli eklesia da mRvdelmsaxure-bac qarTul enaze sruldeboda, ramac didad Seuwyo xelidasavleT saqarTveloSi qarTizaciis~ process~ [10. qarTu-li sabWoTa enciklopedia. `saq. ssr~, 1981 w. gv. 61].

45

qarTuli eklesiis `gabatonebamde~ dasavleT saqa-

rTveloSi, Cveni istorikosebis mtkicebiT, Turme arse-

bobda egrisisa da afxazeTis eklesiebi, romlebic imyo-

febodnen konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi, isini Semdgom

gaerTianebulan konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSive, ma-

gram IX s-Si mcxeTis sakaTalikosos TiTqosda gabatoneb-

is~ Sedegad konstantinopolis sapatriarqos daukargavs

mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelos momcveli es mniSvnelo-

vani samitropolitoebi da saepiskoposoebi. sabWoTa

istorikosi wers: es saeklesio gamoyofa, rogorc vTqviT,

erTbaSad ar momxdara. jer xorcieldeba egris-afxaze-

Tis eklesiebis gaerTianeba, rogorc konstantinopolis

samwysoSi Semavali eparqiisa, romelsac saTaveSi afxazTa

kaTalikosi edga (VIII s-is bolo an IX s-is dasawyisi);

Semdgom IX s-is manZilze (safiqrebelia, ufro mis pirvel

naxevarSive) dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia gamoeyo kon-

stantinopolis sapatriarqos da mcxeTis taxts uerTde-

ba, xolo afxazTa kaTalikosi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTa-

likoss eqvemdebareba. konstantinopolidan gamoyofisSemdeg iwyeba berZnuli kaTedrebis moSla da maT sapiris-pirod qarTuli saepiskoposo centrebis daarseba~. es saek-lesio reforma, n. berZeniSvilis varaudiT, sabolood X s-Si sruldeba [11].

Tu rogori reaqciuli iyo qarTuli eklesiis es pro-

zelitizmi~ anu konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iuri-

sdiqciaSi SeWra _ amis Sesaxeb Cveni oficialuri istori-

ografia wers: `qarTvelebi aqedan sdevnian berZnul enas,berZnul viwro erovnul kulturas, SemoaqvT da avrcele-ben sakuTar, qarTul enas, qarTul RvTismsaxurebas daqarTul saeklesio-samonastro wesebs. qarTul kulturasTan mohqonda qarTuli politikuri Segneba da ideali, ase

46

rom mcxeTa jer enobrivad (eTnikur elementebze dayrdno-biT) SeiWra lixT-imereTSi, xolo Semdeg, rogorc Cans, es

saintereso formula wamoayena Tavisi organizaciuli

gabatonebis dasafuZneblad _ qarTlia~ iq, sadac mRvde-

lmsaxureba qarTul enazea (mxolod kvirieleisoni~ Sei-

Zleba berZnulad). mironis kurTxeva `qarTls~ ganewese-

ba. maSasadame, qarTls nakurTxi mironi savaldebuloa

yvela im eklesiisaTvis, sadac mRvdelmsaxureba qarTul

enazea. cxadia, mcxeTis sakaTalikosos mxriv es aris kanon-ikuri safuZvlebis dacviT konstantinopolis sapatri-arqos winaaRmdeg mimarTuli brZola lixT-imereTis ekle-siaze organizaciulad gabatonebis mizniT~ [12].

sabWoTa kavSiris sazRvrebis Caketilobis gamo be-rZnul samyaroSi da, maT Soris, konstantinopolis sapatri-arqoSic XX saukunis bolosac ar icnobdnen iqamde sruli-ad axal sabWoTa `saistorio Teorias~ qarTuli eklesiisprozelitizmisa da misi konstantinopolis sapatriarqoswinaaRmdeg mimarTuli brZolis Sesaxeb~ (sabWoTa istori-kosebis sityvebia). cnobili berZeni kanonistis _ mitro-polit maqsimes 1966 wels gamocemuli wigni saqar-Tveloseklesia da misi avtokefalia~, ar Seicavs cnobebs aRni-SnulTan dakavSirebiT. SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva, ra pro-blemebi Seeqmneba saqarTvelos eklesias samomavlod, Tukonstantinopolis sapatriarqo an ucxoeTis romelime ek-lesia oficialurad aRiarebs aRniSnul Teorias, qarTulieklesiis SeWris Sesaxeb iqamde konstantinopolis iuris-diqciaSi myof dasavleT saqarTveloSi, es Teoria xom arSeuqmniT maT myar samarTlebriv safuZvels, raTa scnon daaRiaron separatistuli eklesiebi afxazeTsa da dasavleTsaqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi. meore mxriv, es Teoria iZlevakarg saSualebas da masze dayrdnobiT ukve aqezeben am kuTx-

47

eTa separatist moazrovneebs, raTa dedaeklesiad aRiaronara saqarTvelos wmida eklesia, aramed konstantinopolissapatriarqo. aRniSnuli saeklesio Teoria~ yvelaze ufrometad gaitana da gaavrcela rusulma `pravoslavnaia encik-lopediam~.

arasodes, arc erT saukuneSi, konstantinopolis sapa-

triarqos ar gamouTqvams araviTari Tvalsazrisi an Seni-

Svnac ki dasavleT saqarTvelos mis eparqiebSi qarTuli

eklesiis SeWris Sesaxeb. es rom ase yofiliyo, qarTul-

berZnuli aTaswlovani saeklesio urTierTobebis dros

amis Sesaxeb erTxel mainc gamoiTqmeboda Tundac mcire

SeniSvna. saqme is aris, rom konstantinopolis iurisdiq-

ciaSi myofi fazisis samitropolito da misi oTxi sae-

piskoposo, romlebic TiTqosda qarTuli eklesiis mier

iyvnen gauqmebulni, sinamdvileSi mdebareobdnen ara dasav-

leT saqarTveloSi, aramed qarTveli eris uZveles qveya-

naSi, romelsac trapizonis olqi ewoda. iqamde ki mas erqva

`qaldea~, `sofeli megrelTa~. iq trapezonis olqSi mde-

bare Woroxis anu fasisis marcxena sanapiroze mdebare-

obdnen fasisis samitropolito da misi saepiskoposoebi

- rodopolisisa, saisinisa, petronisa da ziganasi, rogorc

es kargad aris garkveuli n. adoncis mier. es samitro-

polito konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda,

xolo mis CrdiloeTiT moqceuli miwa-wyali Woroxidan

vidre mdinare egriswylamde (vaxtang gorgaslis Semdgom

mdinare klisuramde) _ wmida ninos droidanve qarTuli

eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda ase rom, Cveni Zvelisaeklesio matianeebis cnobebiT, dasavleT saqarTveloSi ,ZvelTaganve saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqcia vrcelde-boda. sxva saeklesio wyaroebTan erTad amis Sesaxeb xaz-gasmiT miuTiTebda ruis-urbnisis~ sakanonmdeblo krebis

48

Zegliswera _ `andria pirvelwodebulma saxareba iqadagayovelsa qveyanasa saqarTveloYsasa~, xolo wmida ninomqristianul sarwmunoebaze moaqcia `yoveli savseba yov-lisa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~.

ruis-urbnisis sakanonmdeblo krebis monawile wmida

mamebis TvalsazrisiT, dasavleT saqarTvelo mudam is-

toriuli saqarTvelo iyo, romlis mosaxleoba, aRmosav-

leT saqarTvelosTan erTad, moaqcia wmida ninom. maSasa-

dame, dasavleT saqarTveloSi saeklesio iurisdiqcia im-

TaviTve mcxeTis xelSi iyo da ara konstantinopolisa.

dasavleT saqarTvelo eklesiurad odesme konstantino-

polis iurisdiqciaSi rom yofiliyo, amis Sesaxeb uTuod

SemorCeboda pirdapiri an iribi cnobebi TviT berZnul

wyaroebSive, an raime sayvedurnarevi miniSneba mainc iqne-

boda berZeni ierarqebisa, aseTi ki ar arsebobs. magali-

Tad, konstantinopolis patriarqi nikoloz mistikosi

Zalze Tbil da megobrul werilebs werda afxazTa mefes

giorgi II-s X saukunis Sua wlebSi, roca sabWoTa istori-

kosebis azriT, mis samefoSi brZola iyo gaCaRebuli kon-

stantinopolis sapatriarqos winaaRmdeg~, ase rom yofil-

iyo, konstantinopolis patriarqi nikoloz mistikosi ro-

gorme moaxerxebda protestis gacxadebas afxazTa mefis

_ giorgi meorisadmi (922-957 w.w.), [patriarq mistikosiswerilebi giorgi II-sadmi; georgika, IV, nakveTi II]; erTi si-

tyviT, wyaroebi ar adastureben sabWour Tvalsazriss.

aRmosavleTSi, zogi qarTveli istorikosis Tvalsa-

zrisiT, TviT wmida ninos saqmianoba TiTqosda mimarTu-

li iyo iqiTken, rom hereTSi mcxovrebi araqarTuli mo-

saxleoba (albanelebi) gaeqarTvelebina. Cveni azriT, ase-

Ti warmodgena wmida ninosi Zalze ucnauria. es qarTvelimecnieri wers: bodbe, sujeTisa da kambeCovanis sazRvarze,

49

mefe mirianis dros axladSemoerTebuli qveyana iyo, aq al-banelebic (herebi) cxovrobdnen ... maTi saboloo asimila-cia drois ambavi iyo~. Cans, mirian mefis da wmida ninos in-tensiuri kulturul-saganmanaTleblo saqmianoba mima-rTuli iyo hereTSi qarTuli qristianobis gavrcelebisak-en... romelic winaaRmdegobas awydeboda ara mxolod al-banelTagan, aramed somxebisganac~ [13]. sxva sityvebiT romvTqvaT, wmida nino `aqarTvelebda~ ara marto her-al-banelebs, aramed, somxebsac; Cveni mecnieris am mosazrebissapirispirod, movses xorenacs mTeli mosaxleoba `klar-jeTidan masquTebamde~ (anu kaspiis zRvispireTSi mcxovrebtom masquTebamde) - eTnikur qarTvelebad miaCnia (sadaciqadaga wmida ninom) da ara somxebad, anda albanelebad(herebad), rogorc warmoadgina sabWoTa istoriografiam.somxuri saistorio mwerlobis mama, somexTa herodotedwodebuli, movses xorenaci wers: `sanatreli nune wavidaiqedan (e.i. mcxeTidan), raTa Tavisi advilgasagebi saubriTqarTvelTa qveynis sxva kuTxeebic daemoZRvra. gavbedav davityvi, rom nune mociquli qali gaxda. man iqadaga saxarebaklarjeTidan dawyebuli vidre alanTa da kaspiis karamde,masquTTa sazRvrebamde, rogorc amas agaTangelozi gvauw-yebs~ (movses xorenaci. somxeTis istoria~; 1984; gv. 172).

wmida ninos somxebi, anda Tundac albanelebi (Cveni

mecnieris azriT _ igive herebi) rom gaeqarTvelebina,

rogorme xorenaci miuTiTebda amis Sesaxeb, magram is sul

sxva raimes gvauwyebs, kerZod, sazRvravs qarTvelebis eT-

nikur gansaxlebas _ esaa klarjeTi, vidre alanTa da kaspi-

is karamde (e.i. darialamde) da vidre masquTTa sazRvramde

_ am sazRvrebSi qarTvelebi saxloben, maT uqadaga wmida

ninom; ase rom, darialis karamde mcxovrebi dvalebi

gaqarTvelebuli vainaxebi ki ar iyvnen, rogorc warmoud-

50

genia sabWouri epoqis istoriografias, aramed _ qar-

Tvelebi, aseve masquTebis qveynamde, anu aRniSnul mtk-

var-araqsis SesarTavamde mcxovrebi herebi m. xorenacs

eTnikur qarTvelebad miaCnia da ara albanelebad. misgan

gansxvavebiT, qarTveli mecnieri fiqrobs, rom wmida ni-

nos `prozelitizmis simbolo~ aRumarTavs axladSemo-

erTebul albanur qalaq bodisSi (e.i. sadRac ujarma -

bodbeSi) da wers _ `mgonia ase unda gavigoT wmida ninos

gadawyvetileba, rom jvari - qristianuli prozelitiz-

mis simbolo _ droebiT `aRimarTos igi ujarmas qalaqsa

da daba bodisi ara win aRudges qalaqsa mas mefeTasa,

rameTu erisa simravle ars mun~ [d. musxeliSvili.

saqarTvelo IV-VIII saukuneebSi, 2003, gv. 38.], ase iqca Cvenimecnieris sityviT, `ori faqtobrivad eTnikurad erTmane-Tisagan gansxvavebuli qveyana erT kulturul erTeulad~.aqedan Cans, rom sabWoTa epoqis istorikosebis azriT,

wmida nino qarTlis garda, albaneTSic moRvaweobda da

man albaneTis qveynis erTi nawili qarTul eklesias Se-

mouerTa. bodbis miCneva ara qarTlis, aramed albaneTis

qalaqad, qarTul wyaroebs ewinaaRmdegeba; wmida nino

qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebelia da ara albanelebisa. jvari

ar aris prozelitizmis simbolo, saqarTvelos eklesias

jvari prozelituri mizniT arasodes gamouyenebia, miT

umetes, araqarTuli tomebis asimilacia _ gaqarTveleb-

is~ mizniT; aseTi mosazreba usafuZvloa, igi ar eyrdnoba

wyaroebs.

ilia marTlis sityviT _ `patkanovis Segirdi~, `qar-

Tizaciis~ yalbi Teoriis erT-erTi avtori, n. mari `mec-

nierulad asabuTebda~ erTiani qarTveli eris ararsebobas.

man qarTveli eris sxvadasxva eTnografiul jgufebs iafe-

turi~ xalxebi daarqva, xolo qarTvelur da mis monaTe-

51

save enebs _ ìafeturi~ da `Tubal-kainuri~. n. marma yve-laferi gaakeTa imisaTvis, raTa `daesabuTebina~, romTiTqosda megrelebi ar iyvnen qarTvelebi. erTi wyarosaraswori komentirebiT man qarTvel mecnierebs miaRebinadogma TiTqosda `qarTebis~ tomma kulturul-eklesiurizemoqmedebis saSualebiT megreli `xalxi~ `gaaqarTvela~IX-X saukuneebSi. ivane javaxiSvilma pasuxi gasca am yalbTeorias da daasabuTa, rom qarTuli ena araTu IX-X sauku-neebSi iqca dasavleT saqarTveloSi kultmsaxurebis enad,aramed TviT warmarTobis drosac ki dasavleT saqarTvelo-Si _ samegrelosa da svaneTSi, warmarTuli kultmsaxurebaqarTul enaze aResruleboda [14]. miuxedavad patkanov-maris `naRvawidan~ generirebuli siyalbis mxilebisa ivanejavaxiSvilis mier, aRniSnuli `Teoria~ dResac ganagrZobsdamangrevel moqmedebas qarTuli erovnul-saxelmwifoe-brivi cnobierebisa.

e.w. qarTizaciis~ Teoriis gacnobis Semdeg TviT qar-

Tvelebi iviwyeben nacionalur interesebs da kuTxuro-

bis apologetebi xdebian amis erTi kargi magaliTia 1994

wels gamocemuli wigni svanur-qarTuli leqsikoni, Col-

oruli kilo~5. am wignis SesavalSi weria: àRmosavleT

saqarTveloSi iberebis moqmedebiT ganadgurda svanuri

mosaxleoba~ (a. liparteliani. svanur-qarTuli leqsiko-ni, Coloruli kilo. 1994, gv. X), sxva msgavsi citatebi am

wignidan: `mirianma sastikad dasaja es ... heri-wanari-sv-

anebi, vinc Jletas gadaurCa, ayara da daasaxla axlande-

li svaneTis teritoriaze, rbevas gadarCa albaneTis mo-

sazRvre teritoria~ (iqve, gv. XI). ai, kidev amonaridebi

am wignidan: herebis kulturul-eTnikuri Serwyma qarTul

tomebTan, herebis asimilireba daiwyo Zv.w. II-I ss. mijnaze~

(saq. ist. nark. t. II, gv. 402). àRmosavleT saqarTvelos

52

mTel teritoriaze mis iberizaciamde svanuri mosaxleo-

ba iyo~ (a. liparteliani, svanur-qarTuli leqsikoni, Col-oruli kilo~. 1994, gv. XIII). es qarTveli mecnieri Tavis

wignSive miuTiTebs misi azrebis wyaros - esaa niko mari

da imowmebs n. maris rusulenovan wignebs - niko mari,

`mogzauroba svaneTSi~ (1911-1912 ww.) da n. mari, `xe -

mcenareulobis iafeturi saxelebi~ (1913w).

amgvaradve, fazisis akademiis erTi qarTveli wevri

wers: 523 wels ki sparseTma bolo mouRo iberiis mmarTve-

lobas, iberiis mefe gurgeni Tavisi mravalricxovani

amaliT bizantiaSi gadaixvewa, xolo sparseTis veraguli

gegmis Tanaxmad saxelmwifos marTvis saTaveSi modian

qarTebi, magram saxelmwifo suverenitetis gawirvis fas-

ad da imxanad qarTebis mmarTvelTa qmedeba xelisufle-

baSi mosasvlelad arakanonzomieri da moRalaturi iyo~

[k. fifia, fazisis akademiis namdvili wevri, `unda iTqvassimarTle~, Jurnali cotneideli, t. II, 2005-08w.w.].

Tu Cveni zogi istorikosi yvela qarTul Temsa da

toms sakuTar winapars gamouZebnis - magaliTad, ingiloeb-

sa da kaxelebs _ her-albanelebs, fSav-xevsurebs _ vain-

axebs, qvemo qarTlelebs _ somxebs, dasavlel qarTvelebs

_ adiRe-Cerqezebs da a.S. Tu ganacxadeben, rom dasavleT

saqarTveloSi sxva eTnosi Camoyalibda, romelic Semdeg

`qarTizebul~ iqna _ eri da saxelmwifo daiyofa. miT

umetes, rom wyaroebi, Tu maT kargad da sworad wavi-

kiTxavT, mikerZoebis gareSe, ar iZleva amis uflebas, piri-

qiT, Cveni wyaroebi: `moqcevai qarTlisai~ Tu `qarTliscxovreba~ RaRadeben, rom qristes Sobamde Seqmnili er-Tiani saqarTvelos - `qarTlis samefos~ mosaxleoba imTav-iTve iyo qarTveli xalxi da am saxelmwifos Crdilo-dasav-leTi sazRvari md. egriswyalze gadioda azonisa da far-

53

navazis dros; Tu ras niSnavs wyaros es miTiTeba, gvixsniswmida ambrosi xelaia: `jer kidev araqristiani qarTulitomis modgmebma Seqmnes patara sivrciT, magram ZlierinebisyofiT saxelmwifo, romelic cnobilia istoriaSisaqarTvelos saxeliT - erTaderTi matarebeli wina aziaSiqristianuli kulturisa da evropuli humanizmisa~. maSas-adame, kaTolikos-patriarq wmida ambrosi xelaiasa, dazogadad saqarTvelos wmida eklesiis TvalsazrisiT, jerkidev gaqristianebamde I-IV saukuneebamde, qarTvelTamodgmam Seqmna dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos momcve-li erTiani saxelmwifo, matarebeli erTiani qarTulikulturisa.

rusul imperias Cveni istoriografebisaTvis Tavisu-

fali muSaobis saSualeba rom mieca, saWiro ar iqneboda

Cveni mosazrebebis gamoTqma da arc wmida eklesia ganaCineb-da Semdegs: `dauSvebelia istoriis gayalbeba - megrelebi-sa da svanebis mwignobrobisa da qristianuli kulturisarmqoneebad gamocxadeba da am kuTxis SvilebisaTvis XXIsaukuneSi bibliis Targmna, rac upirveles yovlisa miznadisaxavs eris gaTiSvas da qveynis mTlianobis darRvevismcdelobas~ [15. saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadide-bluri eklesiis wmida sinodis sxdomis oqmi, 23, 2005, sapa-triarqos uwyebani, 45, gv. 7.].

amJamad garkveuli qarTuli wreebi ise warmoadgenen

saqmes, TiTqosda rusul `pravoslavnaia enciklopedia-

Si~ mxolod tao-klarjeTis eTnikuri da kulturuli saxe

iyos damaxinjebuli. sinamdvileSi aq saqarTvelos yove-

li kuTxis da, saerTod, qarTveli eris istoriaa gayal-

bebuli rogorc TandarTuli literaturis CamonaTval-

idan Cans, statiebis avtorebi qarTul oficialur isto-

riografias eyrdnobodnen. pravoslavnaia enciklopedias~

54

mixedviT, aRmosavleT saqarTvelo, kerZod kaxeTis da

mcxeTis aRmosavleTiT mdebare mxareebi, istoriuli al-

baneTis miwa-wyladaa gamocxadebuli, albanelebi ki az-

erbaijaneli eris winaprebad miiCneva, herebi _ albaneli

xalxis erT-erT jgufadaa warmodgenili. bodbe, gurjaani,

saingilo da maxlobeli mxareebi _ albanelebis anu azer-

baijanelebis winaprebis istoriul sacxovrisad moiaz-

reba. saqme isaa, rom am mosazrebas safuZvlad udevs ek-

lesiis istoriis gayalbeba, wyaroebze zewola da misi

monacemebis TviTneburi interpretirebiT yalbi daskvneb-

is miReba, jer TviT saqarTvelos mecnierTa mier da

Semdgom maTi damowmebiT ucxoel avtorTa mxridan. ker-

Zod, `pravoslavnaia enciklopedias~ statia `albaneTis

sakaTalikosos~ rukis mixedviT, mcxeTis aRmosavleTiT

mdebare miwa-wyali (qvemo kaxeTi) _ albaneTis sakaTali-

kosos iurisdiqciaSi Semaval teritoriad miiCneva.

rusul pravoslavnaia enciklopediis~ statiaSi: ala-

niis samitropolito~ aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTiane-

Ti, kerZod axalgoris, yazbegisa da mimdebare miwa-wyali

warmodgenilia konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iuris-

diqciis qveS myof alaniis samitropolitos iurisdiq-

ciaSi, mravali qarTuli eklesia-monasteri da, rac mTa-

varia, miwa-wyali alanur-konstantinopoluradaa gamocx-

adebuli. (2008 wlis agvistos Semdeg cxadi gaxda, risTvisdaiwera rusul pravoslavnaia enciklopediaSi~ amdeni si-yalbe saqarTvelos Sesaxeb).

dasavleT saqarTveloSi amave `pravoslavnaia encik-

lopediis~ statiis afxazeTis sakaTalikoso~-s mixedviT

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleoba arabebis dros ga-

dasaxlda iq da Seitana qarTuli ena da kultura~. es

TiTqosda imis Sedegad moxda, rom iqamde konstantinop-

55

olis iurisdiqciaSi myof dasavleT saqarTveloSi Sei-

Wra mcxeTa da iq gabatonda. afxazi separatistebic am

Tvalsazriss arian CaWidebulni; 2005 wels gamoica `afx-

azeTis marTlmadidebluri eklesiis mokle narkvevi~

mRvdel-monazon doroTe dbaris avtorobiT, sadac damow-

mebulia rusuli `pravoslavnaia enciklopediis~ aRniS-

nuli statia _ qarTvelebis dasavleT saqarTveloSi ga-

dasaxlebis Sesaxeb VIII-X ss-Si. avtori eWvmiutanel faqtad

miiCnevs Tvalsazriss, rom dasavleT saqarTvelo konstan-

tinopolis iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda da iq RvTismsax-

urebisaTvis eklesiebSi ara mxolod berZnuli, aramed afx-

azuri enac gamoiyeneboda, xolo Semdeg TiTqosda es `ek-

lesia da afxazuri saxelmwifo qarTvelma agresorebma

qarTuli eklesiis winamZRolobiT daipyres da afxazuri

eklesia Cakles~ [16].maSasadame, CvenSi istoriulad ori Tvalsazrisi Camoy-

alibda dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio iurisdiqciis

Sesaxeb. pirvelis mixedviT dasavleT saqarTvelo IV sauku-

nidanve, uwyvetad, saqarTvelos eklesiis wiaRSi imyofe-

boda, miuxedavad imisa, rom es asaxa ruis-urbnisis kre-

bam, amJamad es Tvalsazrisi uaryofilia da sayovelTaodaa

aRiarebuli meore Tvalsazrisi, rom IX-X ss-mde dasav-

leT saqarTvelo berZnuli eklesiis wiaRSi imyofeboda.

samwuxarod, axlaxan, 2007 wels gamocemuli `pravo-

slavnaia enciklopedia~-s me-13 tomSi erTaderT eWvmiu-

tanel WeSmaritebadaa gamocxadebuli zemoT aRniSnuli

meore Tvalsazrisi, rom dasavleT saqarTvelo IX-X ss-Si

berZnuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda, Sesabamis-

ad, uaryofilia Zveli qarTuli saeklesio Tvalsazrisi.

ukve naxsenebi rusuli enciklopediis me-13 tomSi _ stati-

is avtoris sityviT, wmida nino mxolod qarTlis _ aRmo-

56

savleT saqarTvelos ganmanaTlebladaa warmodgenili, da

isea miwodebuli mkiTxvelisaTvis, TiTqosda es erTad-

erTi Tvalsazrisi iyos, maSin roca ivane javaxiSvilis

sityviT: `qarTvelebs imTaviTve wmida nino erTiani qvey-

nis, erTiani saqarTvelos ganmanaTleblad miuCneviaT da

ara misi erTi romelime nawilisa~. marTalia, pravoslavna-

ia enciklopedia~-s me-13 tomis avtorebi miuTiTeben dasav-

leT saqarTvelos saeklesio iurisdiqciis wyaroTa sim-

wiris Sesaxeb, magram Zalze samwuxaroa, rom duman da odnav

miniSnebasac ki ar akeTeben imis Taobaze, rom am sakiTxs

Tavisi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcia ruis-urbni-

sis krebam da miiRo Sesabamisi gansazRvreba. rogorc Cans,

ruis-urbnisis krebis Zegliswera `pravoslavnaia encik-

lopedia~-s qarTvel avtorebs ar miaCniaT wyarod dasav-

leT saqarTvelos saeklesio iurisdiqciis kvlevis saqmeSi.

Cveni mizani ar aris `pravoslavnaia enciklopedia~-Si

gamoTqmuli Tvalsazrisis kritikuli ganxilva, Cven am

sakiTxiT saerTod arc davinteresdebodiT, is rom ar

exebodes saqarTvelos eklesiis da saerTod qarTveli

eris mTlianobis sakiTxs. sabednierod, Cvenze gacilebiT

adre iv. javaxiSvili Seexo swored am Temas, gamowvlil-

viT ganixila da mogvca didebuli daskvna. niSandoblivia

rom `pravoslavnaia enciklopedia~-s avtorebma ar gai-

Tvaliswines iv. javaxiSvilis es daskvna da Sefaseba.

XV s-Si saqarTvelos daSla-danakuwebis Jams Camovidaantioqiis patriarqi mixeili, romelmac iv. javaxiSvilissityviT, `SeTxza Teoria saqarTvelos eklesiis mTliano-bis dasarRvevad, qarTveli eris saukeTeso SvilTa sauku-novani brZoliT miRweuli monapovris, saqarTvelos ek-lesiis Tavisuflebis mosaspobad, misi mTlianobis dasar-Rvevad~ [iv. javaxiSvili, Txz., t. III, 1982, gv. 340].

57

mainc ra Teoria SeTxza ucxoelma ierarqma? es Teoria,romelic TiTqosda xelaxla gacocxlda aRniSnuli enci-klopediis furclebze, SemdegSi mdgomareobs: andria mo-ciquli araa ganmanaTlebeli sruliad saqarTvelosi, asevewmida nino mxolod aRmosavleT nawilis ganmanaTlebelia.iv. javaxiSvili werda: `giorgi mTawmideli da gansakuTre-biT efrem mcire, ruis-urbnisis 1103 wlis saeklesio kre-bis yvela sulisCamdgmeli da nikoloz kaTalikosi amtki-ceben, rom andria mociqulma iqadaga `yovelsa qveyanasasaqarTveloYsasa~, xolo Semdgom qristianoba kvlav aRad-gina wmida ninom, romlis saswaulTmoqmedebam da qadagebam`miizida yoveli savseba yovelTa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~,nikoloz kaTalikosic, wmida ninos saerTo mociqulad daganmanaTleblad Tvlida `Cven qarTvelTaYsa~ (`saswaulnisveticxovlisa~). erTi sityviT, andria mociqulic da wmi-da ninoc saerTo qarTuli eklesiis damaarseblad da mTe-li eris ganmanaTleblad iyvnen cnobilni. `saqarTvelossxvadasxva nawilebis calke mqadageblebis gamoZebnis sur-vilic ar hqoniaT, radgan isini mTliani da ganuyofelisaqarTvelos ganmtkicebisa da aRorZinebisaTvis iRvwod-nen. antioqiel-ierusalimeli patriarqi mixeili swored amqarTvel saxelovan mecnierTa mier Seqmnilsa da mTeliqarTveli erisagan Sesisxlxorcebul Semecnebas spobda~[iv. javaxiSvili, Txz., t. III, gv. 340].

samwuxaroa, rom Zvel qarTul saxelovan mecnierTa (iv.javaxiSvilis Sefaseba) mier boZebul Semecnebas spobs

zogierTi axali qarTveli mecnieri, Tanac iseTi umaRle-

si saerTaSoriso saeklesio organodan, rogoricaa `pra-

voslavnaia enciklopedia~.

magaliTad, Zveli qarTuli wyaroebis sawinaaRmdegod

`pravoslavnaia enciklopedia~-s me-13 tomis avtorebi (gv.

58

200) noticiebze _ bizantiur kaTedraTa nusxebze dayrd-

nobiT miiCneven, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi VI-IX ss-Si

arsebuli saepiskoposoebi konstantinopolis iurisdiq-

ciaSi imyofebodnen. TiTqosda egrisis samefoSi, I notici-

is mixedviT, arsebobda lazikis eparqia, romlis centri

iyo fazisis (foTis) samitropolito oTxi saepiskoposo

kaTedriT _ rodopolisi (varcixe), saisini (caiSi), petra

(cixisZiri), zigana (ziganisi, gudava), da abazgiis eparqi-

is sebastopolis (cxumis) avtokefaluri saepiskoposo kaT-

edra (gv. 200). TiTqosda Semdgom isini qarTulma ekle-

siam konstantinopols CamoaSora. vSiSobT, rom es aras-wori Teoria, gavrcelebuli mTel msoflioSi `pravo-slavnaia enciklopediis~, mier did safrTxes Seuqmnis sa-momavlod saqarTvelos teritoriul da saeklesio mTli-anobas.

rusul `pravoslavnaia enciklopediaSi~, dasavleT

saqarTvelos msgavsad, samxreT saqarTveloc araqarTul



gaqarTveleba. `somxebis~ gaqarTvelebis `Tvalsazrisi~

imdenadaa gavrcelebuli, rom man ukve qarTul saekle-

sio gamocemebSic SeaRwia. magaliTad, cnobili avtorebi

weren: kirion I kaTalikosma, qvemo qarTlSi araqarTuli

mosaxleobis gasaqarTveleblad marjved gamoiyena poli-

tikuri viTareba~ [17].somexi avtorebi da ara mxolod isini, aseT statiebs

safuZvlad udeben Teorias, rom qvemo qarTli da, saer-

Tod, samxreT saqarTvelo `somxuri qveyana~ iyo, rome-

lic eklesiis mier gaqarTvelda~. esaa e.w. qarTizaciis~

Teoria, romelic qarTuli sabWoTa oficialuri isto-

riografiisaTvis ueWvel dogmad iqca da es ukanaskneli

59

mas aviTarebda mTeli XX saukunis ganmavlobaSi, aRniS-

nuli tendencia ki XXI saukunis dasawyisis saqarTveloSirusuli saokupacio reJimebis damyarebiT warmoCindaafxazeTsa da samaCabloSi.

erTi sityviT, rusul `pravoslavnaia enciklopedias~

sxvadasxva tomSi gamoqveynebuli statiebi qarTuli Tan-

amedrove istoriografiis naklsa da marcxs warmoadgens.

mosalodneli iyo, rom samecniero wreebi am sakiTxis gan-

saxilvelad gamarTavdnen msjelobas da moxdeboda samec-

niero azris urTierTgacvla, magram aravin dainterese-

bula am problemis ganxilviT.

saqme isaa, rom Tanamedrove qarTul istoriografias,romelic eyrdnoba qarTizacia - gaqarTvelebis~ yalb Teo-rias (rac TiTqos eklesiis winamZRolobiT qarTis tommaVIII-X ss-Si moaxdina), ar SeuZlia amJamad saqarTveloserovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi interesebis dacva. aRniSnu-lis naTeli dadasturebaa ukanasknel xans (2008 wlis agvis-to) saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebuli morigirusuli agresia da aneqsia, rac mzaddeboda didi xniT adreda, garda militaristulisa, Sedgeboda inteleqtualuridiversiis mdgenelisagan, romelic, cxadia, dafuZnebulia`qarTizaciis Teoriaze~;

qarTuli istoriografia, saqarTvelosaTvis damdgari

Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT, aRniSnuli erovnul-saxel-

mwifoebrivi da saeklesio mTlianobis problemis gada-

Wras SeZlebs, Tu is gaiziarebs Zveli qarTveli istori-

kosebis im Tvalsazriss, rom qarTveli xalxi Camoyalib-

da ara VIII-X ss-Si eklesiis meoxebiT mezobeli tomebis

qarTizaciis Sedegad, aramed istoriaSi gamoCenis dros

qarTveli xalxi ukve warmoadgenda eTnikurad mTlian,

erT xalxs, erTi eniTa da kulturiT, romlis sacxovrisi

60

moicavda dasavleT, aRmosavleT da samxreT saqarTvelos,

rom imTaviTve qarTvelebi iyvnen ara mxolod Sida qarT-

lis mosaxleoba, aramed _ egriselebi, svanebi, kaxelebi

da samxreT saqarTvelos mosaxleoba, rom maT hqondaT

erTi ena (sustad diferencirebuli fuZeqarTuli ena),

romelsac daeyrdno saRvTismetyvelo liturgikuli ena

(qristianobis gavrcelebis Semdeg), rom mxolod Semdgom

daiwyo am erTiani enis SigniT dialeqtebis warmoqmna. aseTi

viTareba ar aris uprecedento (magaliTad, erTi slavi

xalxi, erTiani enis mqone, mxolod gaqristianebis Semdeg

daiyo sxvadasxva did enobriv jgufebad).

erTi enisa, mmarTvelobisa da erTi eklesiis arsebo-

bis Sesaxeb mogonebebi daucavs Cveni xalxis istoriul

mexsierebasac. magaliTad, cnobili sazogado moRvawe ser-

gei mesxi osmaleTis saqarTvelodan dabrunebis Semdeg

gaocebuli iyo lazTa Soris SemorCenili istoriuli max-

sovrobiT, rom maT odesRac Tavdapirvelad, danarCen sxva

qarTvelebTan erTad hqoniaT, saerTo ena, erTiani sax-

elmwifo (mmarTveloba) da erTi sarwmunoeba. is Tavis

werilSi _ `osmaleTis saqarTvelo~ _ werda: `imaT axs-

ovT, rom Cveni TanamoZmeni arian, rom erT dros sazoga-

do istoriuli cxovrebiT gvicxovria, erTs bedsa da ube-

durebis qveS vyofilvarT, erTi mefeebi gvyolia, erTi

mmarTveloba da erTi ena, sarwmunoeba gvqonia~.

kidev ufro adre imaves werda wmida dimitri yifiani,

roca rusuli xelisufleba Seecada samegrelos skole-

bidan da eklesiebidan qarTuli enis gandevnas: mociqulTa

droidan qarTuli ena iyo saeklesio da sakulto ena

samegreloSi da iq es ena yvelas esmis, amJamad ki axal

kulturas nergaven. megrul enas aswavlian sxva anbanis

saSualebiT~ [18].

61

faqti erTiani qarTveli xalxis qristesSobamde arse-bobis Sesaxeb dafiqsirebulia Zvel qarTul wyaroebSi,magaliTad, roca `moqcevai qarTlisai~ aRniSnavs, rom azo-ni daadgines mefed mTeli istoriuli saqarTvelosi, rommisi pirveli, erTiani `qarTlis samefos~, dasavleT sazR-vari gadioda mdinare egriswyalze, cxadia, igulisxmeba,rom egriswyalTan mdebare egrisi qarTlia, qarTlis same-fos nawilia, da misi mosaxleoba qarTveli eris nawilia,radganac azonis epoqaSi, qristesSobamde IV-III saukuneeb-

Si, pirveli erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos sazRvrebi mo-

qcevai qarTlisai~-is mixedviT aseTi iyo: sazRvari daudva

mas hereTi da egriswyali da somxeTi da mTa crolisa~

[19. `moqcevai qarTlisai~, Zegl. I, 1964 w., gv. 81]. amave Tval-

sazriss atarebs `qarTlis cxovreba~. yvela mefe, ukle-

bliv, farnavazidan vaxtang gorgaslamde, flobs dasav-

leT saqarTvelos, dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleoba

ueWvelad qarTuli iyo (Cveni saeklesio wyaroebis cno-

biT) da am mosaxleobas ar esaWiroeba araviTari `qarTi-

zacia _ gaqarTveleba~. rogorc aRiniSna, amave Tval-

sazriss gamoTqvams ruis-urbnisis krebis Zegliswerac,sadac andria pirvelwodebuli mTeli saqarTvelos mo-

maqcevlad, xolo wmida nino mTeli qarTveli eris gam-

aqristianeblad iwodeba.

Tu oficialuri istoriografia ar gaiziarebs Zvel

istorikosTa Tvalsazriss, cxadia, ver SeZlebs rusuli

verc `pravoslavnaia enciklopediisa~ da verc e.w. sepa-

ratistTa (sinamdvileSi _ mezobeli imperiis mesveurTa)

miznebis jerovan Sefasebas da qveynis dacvas dezinte-

graciis da teritoriuli rRvevis, garedan inicirebuli,

destruqciuli procesebisgan.

62

zog adi das k v n a

qarTveli eris mTlianobis dasarRvevad patkanovis

mier SemuSavebuli Teoria, marTalia, daZleuli iqna wmi-

da ilia marTlis mier, magram sabWoTa reJimis dros is

aRorZinda e.w. `qarTizaciis~ Teoriis saxiT da XX s-is

30-iani wlebidan gadaiqca qarTuli sabWoTa istorio-

grafiis erTaderT mimarTulebad. am Teorias iziarebs

da eyrdnoba TiTqmis yvela nabeWdi saistorio naSromi.

am saxiT patkanov-maris saistorio Teoria amJamad ukve

damkvidrda erTaderTad da Seucvlelad. es Teoria ki

saSiSia qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobisaTvis, Zirs uTxris

qarTveli erisa da eklesiis mTlianobas. mas, viTarca

erTaderT WeSmarit saistorio Teorias, aswavlian yvela

saero saswavlo dawesebulebaSi. Cven imedi gvqonda, rom

sasuliero saswavleblebSi mainc Tavs aaridebdnen `qar-

Tizaciis~ Teorias, magram saswavlo programebidan Cans,

rom man sasuliero saswavleblebSic SeaRwia, rac Zlier

saSiSia saeklesio mTlianobisaTvis.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi

da saeklesio mTlianobisaTvis gadaudebel aucileblo-

bad migvaCnia aRdges saRvTo madliT mosili avtoriteti

Zveli qarTuli wyaroebisa da ruis-urbnisis krebis mame-

bis `Zegliswerisa~, didi ilia marTlis (WavWavaZis) da

dimitri baqraZis samecniero mimarTulebisa istoriogra-

fiasa da enaTmecnierebaSi.

63

literatura

1. ilia WavWavaZe. qvaTa RaRadi. redaqtori: Tengiz san-

ikiZe; gamomcemlebi: d. gviCiani, m. mxeiZe, b. kudava. Tbili-

si 1994 w. http://www.nplg.gov.ge/frames.php2. dimitri baqraZe. profesori patkanovi da qarTuli

istoriis wyaroebi. droeba; 1884.,1-5 maisi; 94-98. // dimi-

tri baqraZe. profesori patkanovi da qarTuli istoriis

wyaroebi. Txzuleba dimitri baqraZisa - Tbilisi: z. WiWi-

naZis gamoc., 1884: eqvT. xelaZis st.; daculia: speb; pal-

ata; saq. muz.; griSaSvili; arqivi; quTaisis sajaro; quTai-

sis un-ti; ruseTis erovnuli bib-ka [spb]; ruseTis mecn.

akad. bib-ka [spb].

3. s. jorbenaZe. cxovreba da Rvawli ivane javaxiSvil-

isa, 1984 w. gv. 48.

4. qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia. tomi X, gv. 458, 460.

Tbilisi 1986 w.

5. iv. javaxiSvili. Txz. t. I., gv. 152.

6. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe. dedaeklesia. ga-

momc. `ganaTleba~ 1996 w., gv. 191-193.

7. iqve, gv. 208-209.

8. d. musxeliSvili. qarTuli eklesia da saxelmwifo

teritoria Sua saukuneebSi. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos

qristianuli kvlevis saerTaSoriso centri, II saerTa-

Soriso simpoziumi, 24-26 noemberi, 2005.

9. t. futkaraZe. qarTvelebi. gamomcemloba: `quTaisis

saxelmwifo universiteti~, 2005, gv. 42-77.

10. qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia. `saq. ssr~, 1981 w.

gv. 61.

11. saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi. t. II, gamomcem-

loba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tbilisi 1973, gv. 427.

64

12. T. papuaSvili. adrefeodaluri xanis qarTuli lit-

eratura da saistorio mwerloba. saqarTvelos istoriis

narkvevebi. t. II, Tbilisi, 1973, gv. 574-601.

13. d. musxeliSvili. saqarTvelo IV-VIII saukuneebSi, 2003,

gv.38.

14. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe. saqarTvelos samo-

ciqulo eklesiis istoria. gamomcemloba merani~ 1998 w.,

tomi meore, gv. 269-270.

15. saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebluri ek-

lesiis wmida sinodis sxdomis oqmi, 23, 2005, sapatriarqos

uwyebani, 45, gv. 7.

16. Иермонах Дорофей (Дбар) “Краткий очерк историиАбхазской Православной Церкви”, Новый Афон, 2005 г.

17. `saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqebi~, Tbilisi

2000w., gv. 28.

18. a. jafariZe, saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi, 2003,

t. III, gv. 72.

19. `moqcevai qarTlisai~, Zegl. I, 1964 w., gv. 81.

65

fotoze: berZnuli rukis fragmenti _ rodopolisis

kaTedra lokalizebulia trapezuntTan, aqvea ziga-

nas, saisinisa da sxva kaTedrebi.

71

sarCevi

ivane javaxiSvili saqarTvelos eklesiis erTianobis

Sesaxeb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

uwmidesi ilia II da wm. sinodi araswori istoriogra-

fiuli Teoriebis Sesaxeb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

amonaridebi uwmidesi patriarqis epistoleebidan

araobieqturi istoriis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT . 25

I. amonaridi 2012 wlis saSobao epistoledan . . . . . . . . 25

II. amonaridi 2006 wlis saSobao epistoledan . . . . . . . 27

III. amonaweri wmida sinodis sxdomis oqmidan istoriis

gayalbebasTan dakavSirebiT (20.XII.11) . . . . . . . . . . . 28

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis brZaneba #76 . . . 29

IV. amonaweri wmida sinodis sxdomis oqmidan istoriis

gayalbebasTan dakavSirebiT (5.VII.12) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

komisiis mier momzadebuli daskvna _ saqarTvelos

erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi da saeklesio mTlia-

nobis sawinaaRmdegod mimarTuli e.w. qarTizaciis

Teoriis Sesaxeb~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

zogadi daskvna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

rukebi

a)berZnuli rukis fragmenti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

b)noticia IX, VII-X ss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

g)noticia X, VII-X ss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

ivane javaxisvili da uwmidesi patriarqi ilia ii saqartvelos eklesiis

Documents