mziani ramis 38 weli - dl.sangu.edu.gedl.sangu.edu.ge/pdf/mzianigame.pdf · patriarqi izrdeboda...
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sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II
`eklesiisadmi Sewiruli Tqveni moRvaweobis nayofi
xiluli da naTelia. mas momavali Taobebi oqros
asoebiT Caweren sisxliT morwyuli saqarTvelos
istoriis furclebze, iseve rogorc oqros asoebiT
aris Cawerili Tqveni saxeli Cvens gulebSi~.
yovladuwmidesi barTolomeos I
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis
qarTuli universiteti
wigni eZRvneba uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposis, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis
mitropolitis ilia II-is dabadebis 82 da aRsaydrebis 38 wlisTavs da mogviTxrobs
uwmidesisa da unetaresis cxovrebis did gzaze _ 1933 wlidan 2015 wlamde.
redaqtori: akademikosi roin metreveli
ISBN: 978-9941-9450-1-4
3
sarCevi
Tavi I. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis uwmidesisa da ..............
unetaresi ilia II-is cxovrebis gzis dasawyisi ........................................ 5
Tavi II. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis me-12 ...............
saeklesio kreba, mitropolit ilias sruliad saqarTvelos .................
kaTolikos-patriarqad arCeva-aRsaydreba ............................................. 15
Tavi III. pirveli siZneleebi, problemebi da maTi gadaWris gzebis Zieba ...... 26
Tavi IV. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis ........................
urTierToba marTlmadidebel eklesiebTan da ........................................
aramarTlmadideblur konfesiebTan. avtokefaliuri .............................
moZraobis warmatebiT dagvirgvineba ...................................................... 36
Tavi V. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis ........................
eparqiebis aRorZineba, kavSiri sazRvargareTis samonastro ..................
centrebTan, wmida sinodis ganCinebani, axali wmindanebi ..................... 70
Tavi VI. erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba. saqarTvelos .......................
marTlmadidebeli eklesia _ qarTvelTa erTianobis simbolo ............ 91
Tavi VII. ganaTleba, mecniereba, saRvTismetyvelo literatura, .....................
Jurnal-gazeTebi ...................................................................................... 111
Tavi VIII. ukvdavebaSi gardasul saxeTa ardaviwyeba ...................................... 130
Tavi IX. erisa da eklesiis interesebis sadarajoze ...................................... 137
Tavi X. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis ........................
sapatriarqo samsaxurebi ........................................................................ 144
Tavi XI. patriarqi .............................................................................................. 149
boloTqma ............................................................................................................. 184
5
Tavi I. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is
cxovrebis gzis dasawyisi
adamiani, visac saqarTvelos marTlmadidebli eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeloba
XX-XXI saukuneTa mijnaze, daZabul da gansacdelebiT savse epoqaSi
arguna gangebam, Cveni samSoblos maRalmTiani da ganapira kuTxis, xevis
Svilia. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis
mTavarepiskoposis, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitis uwmidesi
da unetaresis ilia II-is, eriskacobaSi irakli giorgis Ze RuduSauri-
SiolaSvilis sagvarulo stefanwmindidan, sofel snodan iRebs saTaves.
uwmidesi patriarqis mSobliuri xevi, Tavisi mdebareobis gamo yovelTvis
gansakuTrebul rols asrulebda qveynis istoriaSi. saukuneTa
ganmavlobaSi uwevdaT moxeveebs kavkasionis gadmosasvlelebis dacva.
darialis viwro xeobis Caketvas isini yovelTvis axerxebdnen da mters
qveynis siRrmeSi ar uSvebdnen.
V saukunis 40-ian wlebSi, rodesac mefe vaxtang gorgasali alan-osebis
damarcxebisa da darialis karis Caketvis Semdeg Crdilo-kavkasiidan samSobloSi
brundeboda, gadmocemis Tanaxmad, gzad snos xeobaSi gaiara da am laSqrobaSi
Tavadadebul meomars snos madlobis niSnad Svili RuduSa mounaTla. amis
Semdeg RuduSas STamomavlebi _ RuduSaurebi _ gansakuTrebul rols asru-
lebdnen xevis cxovrebaSi. XVII saukuneSi am sagvareulos saxelganTqmuli
warmomadgeneli Siola RuduSauri iyo. misi STamomavlebi arian: Sarambali-
suRuta-glaxa-Saqro-gaga (igive giorgi _ saqarTvelos patriarqis mama).
xevi gamoirCeva qristianuli eklesiebis simravliT. gansakuTrebulia
gergetis yovladwminda samebis saxelobis taZari, romelic myinvarwveris fonze
waruSlel kvals tovebs mnaxvelis mexsierebaSi. sakvirveli peizaJi iSleba
gergetis samebis taZridan. ̀ SesaZloa imitom, rom me warmoSobiT mTis kaci var,
yvelafers mirCevnia mTis peizaJi, yvelaze Tvalwarmtaci sanaxaoba CemTvis
aris gergetidan wmida samebaSi asvlisas mTis yvavilebiT mofenili ferdobebis
xilva. garSemo saocari silamazea~ _ aRniSnavs uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II.
XIX saukunis dasawyisSi ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris erTaderTi
damakavSirebeli gza darialze gadioda da aqve, xevSi warmoiSva pirvelad
axla ukve rusTa uRlisagan Tavdaxsnis survili. simboluri iyo rom, swored
am mTaTa mkvidris _ aleqsandre yazbegis (CofikaSvilis) erT-erTi moTxrobis
personaJs ekuTvnis sityvebi, romelnic dRemde ar kargaven cxovelmyofel
Zalas: `ar daiviwyo, rom sadac Seni mama-papa gaCenila da damarxula, imas
gedavebian da ar daanebo!~
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XIX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi ruseTidan samSobloSi momavalma `Terg-
daleulma~ ilia WavWavaZem ki moxeve lelT Runias piriT qarTvelobas sanukvari
mizani gaacxada _ `Cveni Tavi Cvenadve gveyudnes~.
swored xevSi, saqarTvelos am gamorCeul kuTxeSi cxovrobdnen momavali
patriarqis mSoblebi: mama _ giorgi simonis Ze SiolaSvili da deda _ natalia
iosebis asuli kobaiZe.
giorgi SiolaSvilis axalSeqmnili ojaxi Tavdapirvelad sofel snoSi
damkvidrda. xevSi, iseve rogorc mTel saqarTveloSi, im dros iwyeboda
bolSevikuri eqsperimenti koleqtivizaciis saxiT. indvidualuri soflis
meurneoba azrs kargavda. sofels gauWirda. giorgi SiolaSvilma 1927 wels
ojaxi droebiT sacxovreblad q. vladikavkazSi (ZaugSi) gadaiyvana, sadac saxli
SeiZina. am qalaqSi XIX saukunis II naxevridan arsebobda mravalricxovani qarTuli
diaspora, romelic sisxlxorceulad iyo dakavSirebuli dedasamSoblosTan.
giorgi SiolaSvilis ojaxi vladikavkazSi cnobili iyo, rogorc RvTismoSiSi
da Rrmadmorwmune. 1933 wlis 4 ianvars am ojaxSi vaJi daibada da mamam mas
mefe erekle II-is pativsacemad irakli daarqva. im dros vladikavkazSi jer
kidev moqmedebda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis iurisdiqciaSi
Semavali wmida mociqulTaswori ninos saxelobis qarTuli eklesia. taZris
winamZRvari, arqimandriti tarasi kandelaki, kaTolikos-patriarq kirion II-
is yofili mdivani, gaWirvebiT, magram mainc axerxebda eklesiis SenarCunebasa
da dacvas rogorc adgilobrivi saero, aseve sasuliero xelisuflebis
Semotevebisagan.
yrma irakli wmida ninos saxelobis qarTul eklesiaSi monaTles. misi
naTlia _ monazoni zoile (dvaliSvili) _ didi xnis ganmavlobaSi winamZRvrobda
mcxeTis dedaTa monasters. naTlias xSirad Camohyavda naTluli mcxeTaSi.
erTxel, sveticxovlobis dResaswaulze, man ymawvili irakli uwmidessa da
unetaress, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq kalistratesTan
miiyvana da daalocvina igi. mravalricxovani ojaxi, romlSic momavali
patriarqi izrdeboda (deda, mama, Zmebi: Teimurazi, SoTa, viqtori, da _ nino)
RvTismsaxurebis yvela wess gulmodgined aRasrulebda. `ar maxsovs Cemi Tavi
uflisadmi rwmenisa da siyvarulis gareSe... TviT Cemi ojaxi iyo morwmune da
mSoblebi bavSvobidanve gvinergavdnen RvTis siyvaruls. saxlSi mudam gvqonda
xatebi, aucileblad enTo kandeli, yovel SabaT-kviras eklesiaSi davdiodiT~,
_ ixsenebs uwmindesi da unetaresi.
giorgi SiolaSvilis ojaxs samSoblosTan da gansakuTrebiT _ sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq kalistrate cincaZesTan mWidro kavSiri
arasodes gauwyvetia.. es urTierToba kidev ufro gamyarda 1938 wlis 24
Tebervlis Semdeg, rodesac vladikavkazis wmida ninos saxelobis qarTuli
eklesia gauqmda da morwmune qarTvelobis devna da Seviwroeba daiwyo.
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`Cemi bavSvoba, _ gviambobs saqarTvelos patriarqi, _ daemTxva saqarTvelos
eklesiisaTvis metad mZime periods. samRvdeloeba idevneboda, eklesiebi
ixureboda. xalxs wirva-locvaze daswrebisa eSinoda. Cvens saxls xSirad
afarebdnen Tavs devnili sasuliero pirebi, TveobiT rCebodnen isini CvenTan
da waruSlel kvals tovebdnen piradad Cems azrovnebasa da bunebaze~.
momavali patriarqis ojaxTan megobrobdnen mahmadiani qistebic. ilia
II aRniSnavs, xSirad isini maTi saxlis stumrebisTvis gamoyofil oTaxSic
loculobdnen TavianTi wesis mixedviT, Semdeg ki stumrebi da maspinZlebi
sadilze erTad ikribebodnen. giorgi da natalia SiolaSvilebis RvawliT,
1947 wels vladikavkazSi yovladwmida RvTismSoblis safarvelis saxelobis
eklesia aSenda. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivSi daculia masalebi, romlebic
adasturebs am faqts.
1952 wels, patriarq kalistrates gardacvalebis gamo, vladikavkazidan
Camovida qarTvelTa saTvistomos delegacia, romelsac giorgi SiolaSvili
xelmZRvanelobda.
rogorc Tavad patriarqi ixsnebs, bavSvobasa da siymawvileSi igi zafxuls
ZiriTadad snoSi, sagvareulo saxlSi, atarebda, ufrosebisgan ismenda xalxur
Tqmulebebs, snosa da Trusos xeobebSi moivilida da aq gabneul mravalricxovan
cixe-koSkebsa da eklesia-monastrebs aTvalierebda...
1941 wlis seqtemberSi irakli SiolaSvili q. orjonikiZis # 22
saSualo skolis pirvel klasSi Cairicxa. ojaxSi uryev tradiciad qceuli
marTlmadidbluri cxovrebis wesis mixedviT momavali patriarqi saeklesio
msaxurebas umTavres saqmed miiCnevda. skolaSi swavlisas ki gansakuTrebulad
istoria, geografia da ucxo ena itacebda.
1941 wlis 22 ivniss germaniis Tavdasxmam sabWoTa kavSirze, iseve rogorc
mTel msoflioSi, kavkasiaSic bevri ram Secvala. 1941 wlis Semodgomaze omis
Sedegebma am mxareSic iCina Tavi. vladikavkazi frontispira qalaqad iqca.
Ggiorgi SiolaSvilma ojaxi safrTxes gaarida da omis damTavrebamde snoSi
dabrunda. mogvianebiT irakli SiolaSvilma swavla kvlav ganagrZo vladikavkazis
22-e skolaSi, romelic 1952 wels daamTavra. momavalma patriarqma swavlis
gagrZeleba gadawyvita moskovis sasuliero seminariaSi. unda iTqvas, rom am
saswavlebelSi RvTismetyvelebis SeswavlisaTvis marTlac saukeTeso pirobebi
iyo. aswavlidnen gamorCeuli pedagogebi, saswavlebels mdidari biblioTeka
hqonda. uwmidesi da unetaresi siyvaruliTa da madlierebiT ixsenebs Tavis
pedagogebs, romelnic studentebis mimarT saocari pasuxismgeblobiTa da
siyvaruliT gamoirCeodnen.
1956-1960 wlebSi irakli SiolaSvili zagorskis sasuliero akademiis
warCinebuli studentia.
akademiaSi swavlis pirvelsave wels irakli SiolaSvilma gadawyvita,
8
uari eTqva saero cxovrebaze da berad aRkveciliyo. 1957 wlis 16 aprils
Tbilisis aleqsandre nevelis saxelobis eklesiaSi, uwmidesisa da unetaresis
melqisedek III-is locva-kurTxeviT, episkoposma zinobma irakli SiolaSvili
berad aRkveca da saxelad uwoda ilia. rodesac yovladusamRvdeloesma
zinobma beradaRkvecili ilia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs,
melqisedek III-s warudgina, gaxarebulma patriarqma am sityvebiT mimarTa mas:
xuTi SenisTana rom myavdes, saqarTvelos eklesias aRaraferi gauWirdebao. 18
aprils sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi patriarqma melqisedek III-m mas berdiakvnad
daasxa xeli. 1959 wlis 10 maiss ki, melqisedek III-is werilobiTi nebarTviT
ruseTis patriarqma aleqsi I-ma zagorskis wmida sergis savanis satrapezoSi
ber-diakoni ilia mRvdelmonazvnad akurTxa.
rogorc Tavad uwmidesi da unetaresi ixsenebs, sasuliero akademiaSi
swavlis periodSi mis arsebaSi gansakuTrebuli ZaliT Rvivdeboda dedaeklesiisa
da samSoblos siyvruli. amasve adasturebs misi werili uwmidesisa da
unetaresis melqisedek III-sadmi. es werili imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom saWirod
mimaCnia misi srulad warmodgena: `Tqveno uwmidesobav, gvakurTxeT... aq, Cven
wreSi, vrceldeba xmebi imis Sesaxeb, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia
TiTqos dasasruls uaxlovdeba, radgan: 1) mTeli rigi eparqiebi umoqmedod,
mRvdelmTavris gareSea da arc arsebobs saTanado kadri; 2) RvTismsaxurebis
dros eklesiebSi morwmuneTa daswreba erTob mcirea; 3) saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebel avtokefaliur eklesias ar aqvs seminaria, gamomcemloba,
saeklesio muzeumi, wignsacavi, biblioTeka.
laparakia imis Sesaxeb, rom cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi ar iqneba daSvebuli
axlad xeldasxmuli qarTveli mRvdelmTavari (igulisxmeba episkoposi
leonide Jvania _ s.v.). da rom mRvdelmTavarTa Soris arian iseTebic,
romlebic araqarTvelTa Sorisac ki avrceleben ubadruk azrs saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis eparqiebis gamsxvilebis aucileblobis
Sesaxeb.
zemoTmoyvanili ZiriTadi problemebis irgvliv Tqvens mier miRebuli
zomebi, saqarTvelos ssr mTavrobis TavmjdomaresTan Sexvedris CaTvliT,
CvenTvis cnobilia, magram zogierTi mware sinamdvilis gamo vaZlevT Tavs
nebas, rom Tqveni yuradReba mivapyroT Semdeg garemoebas: sabWoTa mTavrobis
saTanado dadgenilebis safuZvelze, ruseTis, ukrainis, somxeTis, sxva
mokavSire respublikebSi arsebobs sasuliero seminaria-akademiebi, xdeba
RvTismsaxurebisaTvis saWiro literaturis gamocema, xatebis gamravleba,
eklesia-monastrebis aRdgena-ganaxleba. saqarTvelos eklesias Tu upiratesoba
ara aqvs, gamonakliss mainc ar warmoadgens, mxolod saWiroa am iuridiuli
uflebis adgilobrivi mTavrobis meSveobiT gamoyeneba, saqarTvelos ssr
xelisufalT, arsebuli wesis dacviT, materialuri SesaZleblobis farglebSi,
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waredginos werilobiTi saxis ganacxadi saqarTvelos avtokefaliuri
samociqulo eklesiis sasicocxlo sakiTxebis Sesaxeb da energiulad iqnas
moTxovnili pirvel rigSi, seminariis (ara kursebis) gaxsnis, saWiro literaturis
gamocemis, saeklesio muzeumis, wignsacavis daarsebis, gelaTis, wilknis,
nikorwmindis, yazbegis, ananuris, goris eklesiebSi RvTismsaxurebis uflebis
aRdgena-ganaxlebis Sesaxeb... saqarTvelos eklesiis da misi meTauris mtersa
da orguls Cvens pirad mtrad vTvliT, magram ganuxorcielebeli gandidebis
survilis gamo ganawyenebulni, patriarqis SorsmWvreteli gonebis TvaliT da
keTili nebiT, SeiZleba Cayenebul iqnan saqarTvelos eklesiis sakeTildReo
saqmianobaSi.
qarTveli eris siamaye, siwminde da dideba `sveticxoveli~ ara marto
Cveni xalxis, aramed ucxoelTa yuradRebasac imsaxurebs da amis gamo mis
wmida midamoebSi Tqveni locva-kurTxeviT saeklesio muzeum-wignsacavis gaxsna
yovelmxriv gamarTlebuli iqneboda. Tqveni mowodebiT, mosaxleobaSi gabneuli
istoriuli Tu siZveleTa dacvis TvalsazrisiT bevri didmniSvnelovani
saeklesio daniSnulebis nivTi, wigni, wmida xatebi, jvari da sxva aRmoCndeboda
eklesiis sakuTrebaSi, e.i. daculi iqneboda SesaZlebeli ganadgurebisagan.
mzad varT am didi saqmisaTvis gaviRoT piradi biblioTekac. saaRdgomo
ardadegebisaTvis SesaZloa veaxloT Tqvens uwmidesobas da Tqveni miTiTebiTa
da locva-kurTxeviT, arsebuli wesis dacviT, sadResaswaulo qadagebebiT
mivmarToT morwmune sazogadoebas. Rrma pativiscemiT geamborebiT da
gamoviTxov Tqvens wmida locva-kurTxevas. i. SiolaSvili, zagorski 1957 wlis
12 Tebervali~.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis umZimesi mdgomareoba
mosvenebas ukargavda axalgazrda students da aseTi Tamami, magram samarTliani
gancxadebiT mimarTavda igi uwmidessa da unetaress melqisedek III-s.
zagorskis sasuliero akademiaSi swavlis dros mRvdelmonazonma iliam
sakvalifikacio Temad `aTonis iverTa monastris istoria~ airCia. rusul da
berZnulenovani masalebis moZiebisa da damuSavebis Semdeg igi Sexvda zagorskis
akademiis reqtors dekanoz k. ruJikcis da qarTulenovani literaturis
srulad Seswavlis mizniT ramdenime TviT wamosuliyo saqarTveloSi dabrunebis
nebarTva sTxova. mRvdelmonazonma iliam ramdenime Tve imuSava Tbilisis
biblioTekebSi da rCevebic miiRo qarTveli mecnierebisagan.
1960 wlis ivnisSi zagorskis sasuliero akademiaSi Sedga misi sakvalifikacio
naSromis sajaro dacva. oficialurma oponentebma _ profesorebma n. muraviovma
da a. georgievskim _ maRali Sefaseba misces warmodgenil naSroms. moskovis
zagorskis sasuliero akademiis reqtorma sagangebo weriliT mimarTa moskovisa
da sruliad ruseTis patriarqs uwmides aleqsi I-s, raTa saukeTeso naSromisaTvis
daejildoebina RvTismetyvelebis kandidati, mRvdelmonazoni ilia.
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patriarqi avtobiografiaSi aRiSnavs: `sasuliero akademiis samecniero
sabWom daadgina, me vyofiliyavi datovebuli akademiaSi profesorTa
stipendiatad, magram Cemi eris siyvarulma mimatovebina es yvelaferi da
momiyvana saqarTveloSi~. igi eaxla kaTolikos-patriarqs efrem II-s da aseTi
TxovniT mimarTa: `Tqveno uwmidesobav! gacnobebT, rom 1960 wels davamTavre
moskovis sasuliero akademia. gTxovT, momceT samsaxuri, gamgzavnoT iq, sadac
Tqven scnobT saWirod~. uwmidesma da unetaresma efrem II-m mRvdelmonazoni
ilia baTumis sakaTedro taZris mRvdelmsaxurad daadgina.
amave avtobiografiaSi vkiTxulobT: `1960 wlis 19 dekembers uwmidesisa
da unetaresi efrem II-is mier aRyvanil viyavi iRumenis xarisxSi, 1961 wlis
16 seqtembers _ arqimandritis pativSi~ 1963 wlis 23 agvistos sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis _ efrem II-is
TavmjdomareobiT Sedga saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
wmida sinodis sxdoma, romelmac baTumis wmida nikolozis sakaTedro taZris
winamZRvris moadgile, arqimandriti ilia Semoqmedel episkoposad gamoarCia.
axali episkoposis xeldasxma Sesrulda kviras, 25 agvistos, sveticxovlis
sapatriarqo taZarSi. arqimandrit ilias episkoposad kurTxevas eswrebodnen:
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi efrem II,
urbneli mitropoliti daviTi (devdariani), quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropoliti
naomi (SavianiZe), cxum-afxazeTis episkoposi leonide (Jvania), stefanavaneli
episkoposi zinobi (maJuga).
mravalmxriv sayuradReboa sityva, romelic arqimandritma iliam
Semoqmedel episkoposad kurTxevis Jams warmoTqva: `Tqveno uwmidesobav!
Tqveno maRalyovladusamRvdeloesobav, Tqveno yovladusamRvdeloesobav,
RvTivgangrZnobilno mwyemsmTavarno da moZRvarno! nebiTa RmrTisaTa
da brZanebiTa Tqvenisa uwmidesobis da unetaresobis kaTolikosisTanai
samRvdelo sinodis saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa, mowodebul var
mRvdelmTavrobis madlis misaRebad samsaxurisaTvis. CemTvis friad Znelia,
gamovTqva Sinagani sulieri gancdani da mRelvarebani, romliTac var axla
garemoculi, am CemTvis metad saRmrTo da saidumlo Jams. vgrZnob SiSsa da
Zrwolas, magram, amave dros, sulier sixaruls da imeds, SiSsa da Zrwolas
ganvicdi, radgan ar vgrZnob Tavs saamisod momzadebulad. ukeTu xanSi Sesuli
xvavbaraqiani didi pavle mociquli ityvis: `viqadi mxolod uZlurebiTa
CemiTao~. me arRara meTqmis am siWabukis wlebSi, romel welTa simcires ar
moucia CemTvis saamiso gamocdileba, magram mZime gancdebis dros manugeSebs
da mamxnevebs is madli RvTisa, romelic unda gardamovides Cems uZlurebas
zeda Tqveni saRmrTo marjvenis xeldasxmiT. me mwams, rom is, romelic aris
dasabami da dasasruli yovlisa arsisa, is, romelic gardamoxda zeciT dacemuli
kacis aRsadgenad, SemaZlebinebs keTilad warvmarTo es didi samsaxuri. Tu
11
TaviT TvisiT kacs ver ZaluZs miRebad am pativisa, mieniWeba mxolod RvTis
mier mowodebul (ebr. 5,4)... RmerTi Seeweva da gauwevs mfarvelobas im kacs,
romelic Rrmad morwmunea da guli gamTbari aqvs RvTisa da kacis siyvaruliT.
RmerTi mianiWebs sibrZnes da gulisxmayofasa mas, romelsac aqvs SiSi RvTisa.
amisTana kaczed ityvis brZeni solomoni: `dasabami sibrZnisa SiSi RvTisa ars~,
xolo mRvdelmTavars mudam sWirdeba sibrZne RvTiuri, gonebiT iyves brZeni da
maRali, xolo cxovrebiT _ ubralo da mdabali. iyves erTguli daraji qristes
eklesiisa, iyves Semosili ubiwo cxovrebiT, viTarca brZanebs mociquli pavle.
sityvisamebr brZeni solomonisa, `romelic vals ubiwod, igi vals uSiSrad~.
vxedav ra yovelive amaSi Seuryevels nebas RvTisa, Tavmdablad movixri
suliersa da xorciels qedsa Cemsa Tqvens winaSe.
mamamTavarTa mamamTavaro! wmida yovladsamRvdelono da mamano da
esreT vqadageb: gmadlobT, morCil var brZanebisa Tqvenisa da araras mciresa
winaaRmdgomsa vityvi. gevedrebiT, Tqveno uwmidesobav da yovladsamRvdelono,
odes damdebT cxovelmyofeli sulis momniWebelTa xelTa TqvenTa, mrCobil
aRvavlendeT winaSe RvTisa locvaTa TqvenTa, raTa gardamosulman sulman
wmidaman aRavsos yovelive naklovanebani Cemni, raTa viqmne saxed morwmuneTa
sityviT svliT, siyvaruliT, siwmidiT, raTa Jams meored mosvlisasa mokrZalebiT
garna kadnierebiT warvsdge winaSe marTalsa msajulisa gancxadebad: ̀ aha esera,
me da yrmani, romelni momcna me RmerTman~. (ebr. 2.13). amin.
episkoposi ilia dainiSna sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis
qorepiskoposad. 1963 wlidan masve daevala mcxeTis samoZRvro kursebis
xelmZRvaneloba. axladdadgenilma mRvdelmTavarma imTaviTve daiwyo niadagis
momzadeba mcxeTis samoZRvro kursebis sasuliero seminariad gadakeTebisaTvis.
akademiaSi miRebulma mravalmxrivma ganaTlebam mas saSualeba misca, sworad
da gonivrulad waremarTa saswavlo procesi. Semoqmedelma episkoposma da
saswavleblis direqtorma seminariaSi samuSaod miiwvia cnobili mecnierebi;
Seadgines saswavlo programebi, saleqcio konspeqtebi, sistematurad tardeboda
pedagogiuri sabWos sxdomebi. saswavleblis direqtori yvela mniSvnelovan
RonisZiebas uwmidessa da unetaress efrem II-s uTanxmebda. ̀ Tqveno uwmidesobav,
gvakurTxeT, zeg saSobaoT studentebs vuSvebT ardadegebze. xval, 12 saaTze,
vfiqrob pedsabWos mowvevas. CvenTvis metad sasiamovno da sasargeblo iqneba,
Tu CamobrZandebiT da daeswrebiT. episkoposi ilia~.
uwmidesi efrem II pedagogiuri sabWos yvela sxdomas eswreboda. mcxeTis
sasuliero seminaria Semoqmedeli episkoposis meufe ilias Tavdadebuli SromiT
maRali donis saswavleblad iqca. man moaxerxa saswavleblis winaSe arsebuli
uamravi problemis daZleva. mcxeTis sasuliero seminariis avtoritetze
metyvelebda is faqti, rom aqaur kursdamTavrebulebs ugamocdod iRebdnen
zagorskis sasuliero akademiaSi. episkoposi ilia, SemdegSi uwmidesi da
12
unetaresi ilia II, yovelTvis pativiscemiT ixsenebda zagorskis akademias,
akademia ki amayobda Tavisi kursdamTavrebuliT. 1978 wlis 16 Tebervals
zagorskis sasuliero akademiis samecniero sabWom igi Tavis sapatio wevrad
airCia. dRemde, moskovSi vizitisas patriarqi madlierebis niSnad aucileblad
stumrobs xolme zagorskis akademias.
1963-1967 wlebSi episkoposi ilia moRvaweobda Semoqmedis eparqiaSi,
xolo 1967 wlis 1 seqtembridan sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,
uwmidesisa da unetaresi efrem II-is locva-kurTxeviT, igi cxum-afxazeTis
eparqiis mmarTvelad dadginda.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi cxum-afxazeTis
eparqia erT-erTi yvelaze rTuli eparqia iyo. XIX saukuneSi, saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg, ruseTis
saimperatoro xelisufleba cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi ruseTis eklesiuri
interesebis ganmtkicebas gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda. eparqiidan
qarTveli sasuliero pirebis gamoZeveba da maTi rusebiT Canacvlebis procesi
daiwyo. XX saukunis dasawyisSi, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis brZolis gaaqtiurebis fonze, ruseTis
xelisuflebam scada soxumis eparqiis saqarTvelos saegzarqosodan gamoyofa,
magram afxazeTis qarTvelobis winaaRmdegobis gamo es ver moaxerxa. saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg cxum-
afxazeTis eparqiis rusulma samrevloebma, ruseTis eklesiis xelSewyobiT,
uari ganacxades, damorCilebodnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis iurisdiqcias, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mier daniSnul
cxum-afxazeTis qarTvel mRvdelmTavrebs. viTareba kidev ufro garTulda XX
saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi, rodesac adgilobrivi separatistuli tendenciebis
mqone partiuli xelmZRvaneloba, qveyanaSi arsebuli saerTo antireligiuri
brZolis fonze, qarTvel sasuliero pirebs, eparqiis mRvdelmTavrebs kidev
ufro aviwroebda. 1937 wels daapatimres da gadaasaxles cxum-afxazeTis
mitropoliti varlam maxaraZe (igi 1944 wels gadasaxlebaSi gardaicvala).
viTareba SedarebiT gamosworda 1943 wlis Semdeg, rodesac ruseTis
eklesiam oficialurad aRiara saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis teritoriuli avtokefalia. cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis rusulenovani
samRvdeloeba iZulebuli gaxda, Serigeboda Seqmnil viTarebas.
1938-1952 wlebSi cxum-afxazeTis eparqias ganagebda mitropoliti antoni
(gigineiSvili), 1957-1964 wlebSi ki _ episkoposi leonide (Jvania). am dros epar-
qiaSi moqmedi iyo 7 eklesia. soxumis wmida nikolozis, Tavisuflebis, sasaflaos
eklesia, iloris wmida giorgis, lixnis, uspenskis, gagris samlocvelo saxli.
RvTismsaxurTa umravlesoba araqarTveli iyo. wirva-locva rusul enaze
sruldeboda. mdgomareoba arc 1965-1967 wlebSi Secvlila, rodesac eparqias
13
mitropoliti romanozi (petriaSvili) ganagebda. aseTi eparqia Caibara 1967
wels episkoposma iliam. afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis religiis saqmeTa
rwmunebuli yvelanairad aviwroebda sasuliero pirebs, morwmune mrevls.
erT-erT saidumlo werilSi, romelic man sabWoTa kavSiris religiis saqmeTa
komitetis Tavmjdomaris saxelze gagzavna, igi werda, rom aucilebeli iyo
sofel kamanSi meRoreobis an mefrinveleobis fermis aSeneba. `amiT dakavdeba
is farTobi, romelsac wminda adgilad cnoben da, amave dros, adgili aRar
eqneba morwmuneTa masobriv Sesvlas wyalSi gansakurneblad~.
cxum-afxazeTis episkoposma iliam moaxerxa mrevlis Semokreba. Tu mis
mRvdelmTavrobamde mxolod 2 qarTveli sasuliero piri moRvaweobda eparqiaSi,
1977 wels ukve Tormeti iyo. aq Cans episkopos ilias SorsmWvreteluri mizani:
afxazi separatistebi aseT viTarebaSi cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi sakuTari
miznebis ganxorcielebas ver moaxerxebdnen.
1969 wlis 17 maiss uwmidesma da unetaresma, sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqma efrem II-m episkoposi ilia mitropolitis xarisxSi
aiyvana. 1972 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis winaSe didi damsaxurebisaTvis man
miiRo meore panaRiis tarebis, xolo 1975 wels _ skufiaze briliantis jvris
tarebis ufleba.
samwuxarod, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi iyvnen
iseTi adamianebi, yvela saSualebas rom iyenebdnen mitropolit iliasaTvis
xelis SesaSlelad. 1972 wlis 26 maiss igi iZulebuli gaxda, piradi gancxadebis
safuZvelze daetovebina mcxeTis sasuliero seminariis reqtoris Tanamdeboba.
mitropoliti ilia gulaxdilad werda reqtorobidan wasvlis mizezebze.
`rogorc mogexsenebaT, _ mimarTavda mitropoliti ilia wmida sinods, _ 1963
wlidan misi uwmidesobisa da unetaresobis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqis efrem II-is didi SromiTa da mecadineobiT, mcxeTaSi gaixsna sasuliero
seminaria, romlis xelmZRvanelad viyavi daniSnuli. es iyo axali didi saqme,
romelsac sWirdeboda didi energia da gamocdileba. arc me da arc maswavleblebi
ar viSurebdiT Zalas seminariis gaZlierebisa da ganmtkicebisaTvis. am wlebis
ganmavlobaSi Cven SevxvdiT bevr winaaRmdegobasa da siZneles. miuxedavad amisa,
Cven SevZeliT saswavlebeli myar niadagze dagveyenebina. ar uarvyof imas, rom
seminariis kursdamTavrebulTagan yvelam ver gaamarTla Cveni imedebi da ver
gamoiCina moZRvris maRali Tvisebebi... miuxedavad zogierTi arasasurveli
faqtisa, Cven vxedavT, rom kursdamTavrebulTa umetesi nawili Tavdadebulad
emsaxureba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis taZrebs.
gulistkiviliT unda mogaxsenoT, rom am cxra wlis ganmavlobaSi, daxmarebis
nacvlad mesmoda mxolod kritika~. damafiqrebeli iyo yovelive es.
viTareba kidev ufro garTulda 1976-1977 wlebSi. am dros saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis wevrebi iyvnen:
14
TeTriwyaroeli mitropoliti zinobi (maJuga), cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti
ilia (SiolaSvili), baTum-Semoqmedeli mitropoliti romanozi (petriaSvili),
wilkneli mitropoliti gaiozi (keratiSvili), mangleli episkoposi giorgi
(RonRaZe), alaverdeli episkoposi grigoli (cercvaZe), bodbeli episkoposi
ilarioni (samxaraZe). qirotoniis wesis mixedviT, qarTvel mRvdelmTavarTa
Soris upiratesi iyo cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia, romelic iTvleboda
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred, magram 1977 wlis 10
seqtembers mitropolit ilias sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,
uwmidesisa da unetaresi daviT V-is mdivanma g. mSvidobaZem aseTi Sinaarsis
weri li gaugzavna: `mis maRalyovladusamRvdeloesobas, mitropolit ilias.
gacnobebT, rom kaTolikos-patriarqis, daviT V-is brZanebiT, mis maRal-
yovladusamRvdeloesobas, mitropolit romanozs, mieca pirveli adgili
mitropolitTa Soris~. friad damafiqrebeli iyo es werili, igi momavalSi
saqarTvelos eklesiaSi seriozuli gaugebrobis safuZveli gaxda.
15
Tavi II. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis me-12 saeklesio kreba, mitropolit ilias sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqad arCeva da aRsaydreba
xangrZlivi, mZime avadmyofobis Semdeg 1977 wlis 9 noembers, dilis
9 saaTze, gardaicvala sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,
mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi, uwmidesi da unetaresi daviT V
(devdariani).
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo avtokefaliuri eklesiis
tradiciis Tanaxmad, romelic asaxuli iyo 1945 wels damtkicebul saqarTvelos
eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebaSi, kaTolikos-patriarqis mZime avadmyofobis
an gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi wmida sinodis yvela wevri ikribeba sapatriarqo
rezidenciaSi da kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivnis TandaswrebiT xsnis specialur
seifs, romelSic inaxeba gansvenebuli kaTolikos-patriarqis werilobiTi
gankarguleba kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydris (movaleobis Semsruleblis)
Taobaze. 9 noembers, dilis 10.00 saaTidan 19.00 saaTamde, wmida sinodis wevrebi:
cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia, TeTrwyaroeli mitropoliti zinobi,
wilkneli mitropoliti gaiozi, alaverdeli episkoposi grigoli, mangleli
episkoposi giorgi, bodbeli episkoposi ilarioni _ elodnen baTum-Semoqmedel
da Wyondidel mitropolit romanozs, magram igi TbilisSi ar Camovida.
sinodis wevrTa umravlesobis gadawyvetilebiT wmida sinodi muSaobas
Seudga. rogorc gairkva, ar arsebobda uwmidesisa da unetaresis daviT V-is
werilobiTi gankarguleba kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydris vinaobis Sesaxeb.
1945 wels damtkicebuli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis Tanaxmad,
aseT SemTxvevaSi kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred qirotoniiT uxucesi
mRvdelmTavari cxaddeba, romelsac wmida sinodi amtkicebs. TiTqmis yvelaferi
garkveuli iyo. sinodis sxdomis Tavmjdomared cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti
ilia airCies, mdivnad _ bodbeli episkoposi ilarioni.
damtkicda wmida sinodis muSaobis dRis wesrigi: 1. sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydris arCeva; 2. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqis uwmidesisa da unetaresis _ daviT V-is dakrZalvasTan dakavSirebuli
sakiTxebi. wmida sinodis sxdomaze TeTriwyaroelma mitropolitma zinobma,
manglelma episkoposma giorgim, alaverdelma episkoposma grigolma mxari
dauWires cxum--afxazeTis mitropolit ilias sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqis mosaydred arCevas. wilknelma mitropolitma gaiozma ar dauWira
mxari am kandidaturas da kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred baTum-Semoqmedeli
da Wyondideli mitropoliti romanozi daasaxela. xmaTa umravlesobiT cxum-
16
afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis
mosaydred dadginda.
sinodma ganaCina: 1. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesi
da unetaresi daviT V-is damkrZalavi komisiis Tavmjdomared dainiSnos sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydre, mitropoliti ilia; 2. uwmidesi
da unetaresi daviT V daikrZalos sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi 1977 wlis 15
noembers; 3. wmida sinodis sxdomis gadawyvetilebani oficialurad ecnobos
msoflios marTlmadidebel da aramarTlmadidebel eklesiaTa meTaurebs,
saero xelisuflebas.
wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebani miuRebeli aRmoCnda saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis zogierTi maRali ierarqisaTvis,
romelTac wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebaTa gadasinjva scades. Seqmnili rTuli
viTarebis sruli suraTi kargadaa asaxuli saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis 1977 wlis 12 noembris sagangebo sxdomis
mier miRebul gancxadebaSi: `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli avtokefaliuri
samociqulo eklesia Tavis marTva-gamgeobaSi xelmZRvanelobs debulebiT,
romelic miRebuli iyo 1945 wlis 28 marts da romlis Secvla Sedis mxolod
saeklesio krebis kompentenciaSi. 1977 wlis 9 noembers gardaicvala sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi daviT V. gardacvalebis
win igi mZimed avadmyofobda ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi. am dros TbilisSi
imyofeboda yvela mRvdelmTavari, garda baTum-Semoqmedeli da Wyondideli
mitropolitis _ romanozisa da alaverdeli episkoposis _ grigolisa. 8
noembers, dRis 15 saaTze, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivanma
grigol mSvidobaZem maT daugzavna depeSebi, romliTac atyobinebda patriarqis
avadmyofobas da sTxovda, saswrafod Camosuliyvnen TbilisSi.
9 noembers, dilis 9 saaTze, kaTolikos-patriarqi daviT V gardaicvala.
10 saaTze CamobrZanda alaverdeli episkoposi grigoli. rogorc saeklesio
marTva-gamgeobis debulebis 21-e paragrafis me-2 SeniSvnaSia miTiTebuli,
kaTolikos-patriarqis gardacvalebis an mZime avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi,
saeklesio marTva-gamgeobisaTvis mis adgils iWers is mRvdelmTavari,
romlis Sesaxebac kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivanTan inaxeba misi uwmidesobisa
da unetaresobis werilobiTi gankarguleba, magram aseTi gankarguleba ar
aRmoCnda da saWiro Seiqmna, saswrafod mowveuliyo wmida sinodis sxdoma. 9
noembers, mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi, sinodi elodeboda baTum-Semoqmedeli
da Wyondideli mitropolitis romanozis CamobrZanebas, magram, radgan igi ar
CamobrZanebula da arc raime cnoba mosula misgan, saRamos 19 saaTze, wmida
sinodis wevrTa umravlesobis gadawyvetilebiT, Sedga sinodis oficialuri
sxdoma, romelsac unda aerCia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis
mosaydre da gadaewyvita uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos
17
kaTolikos-patriarqis _ daviT V-is dakrZalvasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.
sinodis sxdomaze erTxmad iqnen arCeuli: sxdomis Tavmjdomared cxum-
afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia, mdivnad _ bodbeli episkoposi ilarioni. rodesac
sinodis sxdomaze daisva sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydris
arCevis sakiTxi, kandidatad dasaxelebuli iyo cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti
ilia, romelsac mxolod wilknelma mitropolitma gaiozma ar dauWira mxari
da wamoayena baTum-Semoqmedeli da Wyondideli mitropolitis _ romanozis
kandidatura. rac Seexeba danarCen mRvdelmTavrebs, maT erTxmad dauWires mxari
mitropolit ilias. episkopos ilarions surda Tavi Seekavebina xmis micemisagan,
magram radgan amis ufleba ara hqonda saeklesio marTva-gamgeobis debulebis me-
16 muxlis Tanaxmad, amitom xma misca mitropolit ilias.
9 noembers Catarebuli wmida sinodis sxdoma iyo kanonieri, saeklesio
marTva-gamgeobis debulebis me-15 muxlis dacviT, sadac naTqvamia: `sinodis
sxdoma kanonieria, Tu mas daeswreba Tavmjdomare da mowveul wevrTa
naxevari~, xolo sxdomas eswreboda ara Tu naxevari, aramed yvela wevri,
garda erTisa (mitropolit romanozisa). amitom mitropolit romanozis,
mitropolit gaiozisa da episkopos ilarionis gancxadeba, romelSic isini
amtkiceben, TiTqosda TviTneburad iyo mowveuli sinodis sxdoma, romelzec
cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitma iliam Tavi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqis mosaydred gamoacxada, usafuZvloa. wmida sinodis sxdoma kanonier
safuZvelze Catarda da mitropolit ilias Tavi ki ar gamoucxadebia mosaydred,
aramed aseTi iyo sinodis wevrTa umravlesobis gadawyvetileba.
10 noembers TbilisSi Camosuli mitropoliti romanozi sapatriarqoSi
gamocxadda mogvianebiT da ganacxada, rom igi, rogorc uxucesi mRvdelmTavari
da Wyondideli mitropoliti, ierarqiuli pativiT yvela mRvdelmTavarze
maRla dgas da amis safuZvelze moiTxova
kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydris Tanamdeboba. rogorc saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis 23-e
muxlis me-2 SeniSvnaSia aRniSnuli, `mwyemsmTavarni pativdebul iqnebian
qirotoniis uxucesobis mixedviT~. es imas niSnavs, rom is sasuliero piri
iTvleba uxuces mRvdelmTavrad, romelic ufro adre iyo nakurTxi episkoposis
xarisxSi. mitropoliti ilia episkoposad nakurTxi iyo 1963 wlis 25 agvistos,
xolo mitropoliti romanozi _ 1965 wlis 21 Tebervals; mitropolitis xarisxi
ilias mieniWa 1969 wels, romanozs _ 1972 wels; rac Seexeba eparqiis, an asakis
(mitropoliti romanozi 1977 wels iyo 90 wlis _ s.v.) mixedviT uxucesobas, es
araa gaTvaliswinebuli marTva-gamgeobis debulebaSi.
wmida sinodi sinanuliT aRniSnavs mitropolit romanozis, mitropolit
gaiozis, episkopos ilarionis gancxadebis usafuZvlobas,
TiTqos mitropolit ilias mosaydreoba dauSvebelia imitom, rom igi
18
dabadebulia saqarTvelos sazRvrebis iqiT, Crdilo oseTis avtonomiuri
respublikis q. orjonikiZeSi. jer erTi, saeklesio marTva-gamgeobis debulebis
mixedviT, am faqts ara aqvs araviTari mniSvneloba da, meorec, mitropoliti
ilia da misi mSoblebi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
wevrebi iyvnen mudam, radgan orjonikiZeSi arsebobda qarTuli eklesia,
romelic eqvemdebareboda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos da Tavad mitropoliti
ilia monaTlulia am eklesiaSi arqimandrit tarasi kandelakis mier, romelic
SemdegSi gaxda wilkneli episkoposi da dakrZalulia sveticxovlis galavanSi.
mitropolitma romanozma, mitropolitma gaiozma da episkoposma ilarioma
agreTve ganacxades, rom maT SeuZliaT akurTxon axali episkoposebi, daugzavnon
depeSebi msoflio saeklesio centrebs imis Sesaxeb, rom TiTqos Catarebuli
sinodis sxdoma iyo arakanonieri da mosaydrec arCeuli iyo ukanonod.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodi Tvlis,
rom maTi aseTi antieklesiuri da kanonTa sawinaaRmdego moqmedeba did zians
ayenebs saeklesio cxovrebis normalur mimdinareobas~.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis Sida daZabuloba
igrZnoboda kaTolikos-patriarqis daviT V-is dakrZalvis dResac (1977
wlis 15 noembers) sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi, sadac wiravda sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydre, cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti
ilia. Tanamwirvelni iyvnen smolenskisa da kaliningradis mitropoliti aleqsi
(ruseTis momavali patriarqi aleqsi II), qsanTiis mitropoliti antoniosi,
TeTriwyaroeli mitropoliti zinobi, mangleli episkoposi giorgi, alaverdeli
episkoposi grigoli, zarais episkoposi iosi. wirvis dros aqve imyofeboda
yovelTa somexTa umaRlesi patriarq-kaTolikosi vazgen I.
wirvis dasrulebis Semdeg gansvenebul patriarqs sityviT mimarTa sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydrem, cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitma
iliam: `dRes Cven locviTa da cremliT vacilebT Cvens mamamTavars, romlis
ukvdavi suli moevlina im wiaRs, sadac ganisveneben Cveni didni kaTolikos-
patriarqni: kirioni, leonide, ambrosi, qristefore, kalistrate, melqisedeki
da efremi... mimdinare weliwadi misTvis iyo saiubileo _ mas Seusrulda
samRvdelo xarisxSi ayvanidan 50 weli. am xnis ganmavlobaSi mas ganucdia araerTi
sasixarulo dRe, RvTisagan moniWebuli, magram masTan erTad mas mravaljer
Seusvams simwrisa da mwuxarebis fiala. am did adamians dRes emSvidobeba
qarTveli eri, Cveni daoblebuli eklesia~.
uwmidesi da unetaresi daviT V dakrZales sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi...
1977 wlis 16 noembers, dRis 12 saaTze, daiwyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis sxdoma, romelsac eswrebodnen: sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydre, cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti
ilia (SiolaSvili), TeTriwyaroeli mitropoliti zinobi (maJuga), baTum-
19
Semoqmedeli da Wyondideli mitropoliti romanozi (petriaSvili), wilkneli
mitropoliti gaiozi (keratiSvili), mangleli episkoposi giorgi (RonRaZe),
alaverdeli episkoposi grigoli (cercvaZe), bodbeli episkoposi ilarioni
(samxaraZe). sxdomas, sinodis wevrTa mowveviT, oqmis Sesadgenad eswreboda
kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivani grigol mSvidobaZe.
`dRis wesrigis ZiriTadi sakiTxi iyo sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqad asarCev kandidatTa wardgena; manglelma episkoposma giorgim
daasaxela cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia. mas mxari dauWires alaverdelma
episkoposma grigolma, TeTriwyaroelma mitropolitma zinobma. mitropolitma
romanozma ar daasaxela kandidati da moiTxova, aerCiaT axali mosaydre.
mitropoliti gaiozi ar scnobda sinodis sxdomas kanonierad. episkoposma
ilarionma ar daasaxela patriarqobis kandidati.
mosaydre mitropolitma iliam Tanxmoba ganacxada sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqobis kandidatad mis dasaxelebaze~.
movlenebis ufro gamZafrebas gvamcnobs alaverdeli episkoposis grigolis
(cercvaZe) Canawerebi: `1977 wlis 17 noembers CemTan, eklesiaSi, movida ucnobi
axovani axalgazrda, gamomiZaxa, TqvenTan calke saubari msurso... wamoiwyo
saubari: sinodi, romelic guSin Sedga, mTavrobis mier gauqmebuliao, mTavrobas
ar surs cxum-afxazeTis mitropolit ilias sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqad arCevao... mas surda Cemi dayolieba, uari meTqva sinodis sxdomaze
Cems mier wamoyenebul kandidatze. me vupasuxe, rac sinodze gadawyda, imas xazi
ar gadaesmeva_ meTqi... bolos saubari imiT daamTavra, mokle xanSi mogivaT
depeSa imisaTvis, rom sinodis xelaxali sxdoma Sedgeso. me vupasuxe, rac vTqvi
imasve vityvi-Tqo. maincdamainc nasiamovnebi ar wasula~.
qarTveli sazogadoeba daZabuli adevnebda Tvalyurs saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi Seqmnil rTul viTarebas da
erTmniSvnelovnad uWerda mxars cxum-afxazeTis mitropolit ilias.
yoveli axali dRe axali WorebiTa da miTqma-moTqmis gamZafrebiT
iwyeboda. am usiamovnebaTa kulminacia iyo 1977 wlis 18 dekemberi. rogorc
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivnis, grigol mSvidobaZis
mier sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydris, mitropolit
iliasadmi gagzavnili Setyobinebidan irkveva: `18 dekembers, saRamos 19
saaTze, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos SenobaSi ZaliT SeWrila wmida sinodis
gadawyvetilebiT ukmayofilo gansxvavebuli poziciis sami mRvdelmTavari. maT
gautexiaT patriarqis kabinetis karebi, kancelariis oTaxSi gauRiaT mdivnis
saweri magida da seifi _ patriarqis kabinetSi, dauxeviaT saqmiani qaRaldebi,
maT Soris _ mosaydris arCevis oqmi, gamouyenebiaT sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis beWedi, usargebliaT qarTuli da rusuli sabeWdi man-
qaniT. rogorc darCenili Savi nawerebidan Cans, maT daugzavniaT provokaciuli
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depeSebi mTavrobis warmomadgenlebisTvis, ruseTis sapatriarqoSi, somxeTis
eklesiaSi, daumtvreviaT patriarqis kabinetis gasaRebi da CausvamT axali~.
gagzavnil depeSebSi isini aRniSnavdnen, TiTqos cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti
ilia saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydris Tanamdebobidan gadaayenes,
xolo me-12 saeklesio krebis Catarebis TariRi _ gadaitanes.
sazogadoebis, inteligenciis aqtiuri Carevis Semdeg kaTolikos-
patriarqis mosaydris, mitropolit ilias mowinaaRmdegeni iZulebulni
gaxdnen, ukan daexiaT. yvela Relavda, simSvides inarCunebda mitropoliti
ilia, romelmac xelmeored dagzavna Setyobinebebi marTlmadidebel
eklesiaTa meTaurebTan, saero xelisuflebaSi, imis Sesaxeb, rom saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis me-12 saeklesio kreba, sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevnebi da axladarCeuli kaTolikos-
patriarqis aRsaydreba namdvilad gaimarTeboda 1977 wlis 23-25 dekembers.
daZabuli, uZilo Rameebis Semdeg, rogorc iqna, gaTenda 23 dekemberi.
TbilisSi stumrad Camovidnen: moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqi,
uwmidesi pimeni, yovelTa somexTa kaTolikosi vazgen I, sazRvargareTis
marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa delegaciebi. 23 dekembers, sionSi, me-12 saeklesio
krebis gaxsnamde, saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis pirveli
mdivnis e. SevardnaZis saxelze aseTi Sinaarsis depeSa gaigzavna: `29 noembers
xelisuflebis warmomadgenelma T. onofriSvilma oficialurad gamogvicxada
_ sapatriarqo taxtze mitropolit ilia SiolaSvilis kandidatura
oficialurad damtkicebulia da, Tu eklesiaSi samsaxuri gvinda, SevwyvitoT
masze saCivrebis wera, wmida sinodma mas unda davuWiroT mxario. sarwmuno
wyaroebidan SevityveT, rom Tqvengan araviTar amgvar gadawyvetilebas adgili
ar hqonia... sakiTxi seriozulia. gTxovT, saswrafod migviRoT wmida sinodis
gansxvavebulad moazrovne wevrebi, raTa piradad mogaxsenoT saqmis realuri
viTareba~.
imave dRes depeSebi gaigzavna saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos
prezidiumis Tavmjdomarisa da ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris saxelze,
romlebSic saubari iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
mravalsaukunovani samarTlebrivi normebis darRvevaze. imave dRis 15.00
saaTze baTum-Semoqmedeli da Wyondideli mitropolitis _ romanozis saxeliT
depeSa gaigzavna moskovSi, sabWoTa kavSiris komunisturi partiis centraluri
komitetis generalur mdivan leonid breJnevTan: `Zvirfaso leonid ilias Zev!
_werda mitropoliti romanozi, _ saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, daviT
V-is gardacvalebis Semdeg saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred
gamocxadda mitropoliti ilia (SiolaSvili). igi jer kidev 1972 wlidan
qarTveli disidentebis mxardamWeri da wamqezebelia. moviTxov, moixsnas misi
kandidatura~.
21
mitropoliti romanozi ukiduresad aralogikurad moqmedebda. 1977 wlis
16 noembris wmida sinodis sxdomaze igi acxadebda, rom mitropolit ilias
aRsaydrebis SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
avtokefalias gauqmeba da ruseTis eklesiaze daqvemdebareba emuqreboda.
swored amitom iyo igi mzad, rom 90 wlis asakSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeloba etvirTa; xolo 23 dekembers l.
breJnevisadmi gagzavnil depeSaSi imave pirovnebas igi qarTveli disidentebis
wamqezeblad acxadebda.
aseTi rTuli viTarebis fonze 23 dekembers sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi
daiwyo muSaoba me-12 saeklesio krebam, romelsac eswreboda 45 delegati. kreba
gaxsna sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydrem, cxum-afxazeTis
mitropolitma iliam, romelmac aRniSna: `dRes am uZveles sapatriarqo taZarSi
Seikriba me-12 saeklesio kreba. ganvlo 45 dRem, rac RvTiv ganisvena uwmidesma
da unetaresma, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma daviT V-m, romelic
win uZRoda Cvens eklesias 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi, dado didi Sroma da Rvawli, raTa
saTanado simaRleze yofiliyo Cveni eklesia. 40 dRe iglova Cvenma xalxma. dRes
me-12 saeklesio krebam unda airCios uZvelesi samociqulo eklesiis winamZRvari.
Cvens krebas pativi dasdo moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqma, uwmidesma
pimenma, rogorc moZme eklesiis mamamTavarma, monawileoba miiRos Cvens zeimSi.
dRes Cven vdgevarT im uZveles eklesiaSi, sadac idgnen da mamamTavrobdnen didni
kaTolikos-patriarqni, uwmidesni da unetaresni: kirioni, leonide, ambrosi,
qristefore, melqisedeki, efremi, daviTi. Cveni mRvdelmTavrebi, samRvdeloeba,
morwmune eri mudam iqneba erTad, rom gadawyvitos is didi sakiTxebi, romlebic
Cveni eklesiis winaSe dgas. qristesmieri siyvaruliT mogesalmebiT da me-12
saeklesio krebas gaxsnilad vacxadeb~.
krebam daamtkica 4 komisiis Semadgenloba. alaverdelma episkoposma
grigolma kidev erTxel daadastura wmida sinodis gadawyvetileba, saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqad asarCev kandidatad dasaxelebuli iyo cxum-afxazeTis
mitropoliti ilia. krebis Tavmjdomarem, mitropolitma iliam, krebis
monawileebs mimarTa, rom, survilis SemTxvevaSi, maT Tavisuflad SeeZloT
CaeweraT sxva kandidatis saxeli darigebul biuletenze.
gaimarTa faruli kenWisyra. xmis damTvleli komisiis Tavmjdomarem,
arqimandritma ioane ananiaSvilma, gamoacxada, rom krebam kaTolikos-
patriarqis mosaydre mitropoliti ilia erTxmad airCia sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqad. krebaze Seadgines sagangebo sigeli, romelsac xels
awerdnen krebis monawileni.
`mis maRalyovladusamRvdeloesobas, cxum-afxazeTis mitropolit ilias!
wyalobiTa RmrTisaTa da madliTa da gangebiTa sulisa wmidisaTa,
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis damoukideblobis
22
aRniSvnidan me-12 adgilobrivma krebam, romelic Sedga 1977 wlis 23 dekembers
TbilisSi, sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi, SemadgenlobiTa saqarTvelos eklesiis
yovladsamRvdelo mRvdelmTavarTa, samRvdeloTa, samonazvno wesTa da
eriskacTa, moZme marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa warmomadgenelTa, mRvdelmTavarTa,
samRvdeloTa dasTa TandaswrebiT aRirCia Tqveni siwmide sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposad~.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTaurs ewoda uwmidesi
da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis
mTavarepiskoposi ilia II.
me-12 saeklesio krebis gadawyvetileba imave dRes gaxda cnobili sruliad
saqarTvelosaTvis. yvelas surda exila axalgazrda, mravalmxriv ganswavluli
mwyemsmTavari, romelic eklesiis winaSe arsebul problemaTa mogvarebas
SeZlebda da saqarTvelos uZveles samociqulo eklesias istoriul misias
daubrunebda.
25 dekembers sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZrisaken zRva xalxi daiZra.
aseTi xalxmravloba mcxeTaSi 1917 wlis 12 (25) marts avtokefaliis aRdgenis
Semdeg aRar yofila. oficialuri xelisufleba, wesrigis dacvis sababiT,
Seecada specialuri saSvebis mqone pirTa garda taZarSi aravin SeeSva, magram
xalxis talRam gaarRvia milicielTa kordoni da taZarSi Sevida.
xalxis xmauri miwynarda. sveticxovlis zarebi uwmidesisa da unataresis,
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is mobrZanebas iuwyeboda.
masTan erTad mobrZandnen: TeTriwyaroeli mitropoliti zinobi, wilkneli
mitropoliti gaiozi, mangleli episkoposi giorgi, alaverdeli episkoposi
grigoli; stumrebi: moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqi, uwmidesi
pimeni, yovelTa somexTa umaRlesi patriarq-kaTolikosi vazgen I, qarTuli
inteligenciis, mecnierebis, kulturis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi, umaRlesi
saswavleblebis studentebi, erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis lide-
rebi. daiwyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis 141-e
meTauris sazeimo kurTxeva. qarTveli patriarqebis jvar-panaRiebi, sapatriarqo
gvirgvini da kunkul-bartyula uwmidessa da unetares ilia II-s miarTves
manglelma episkoposma giorgim da alaverdelma episkoposma grigolma.
axladarCeul patriarqs sityviT mimarTes moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis
patriarqma, uwmidesma pimenma da yovelTa somexTa patriarq-kaTolikosma vazgen
I-ma. Uuwmidesma da unetaresma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma
ilia II-m Tavisi gamosvla am sityvebiT daiwyo: `saocrebamde usazRvroa gangeba
RvTisa. arc mis mowyalebas aqvs sazRvari. WeSmaritad, am gangebam da mowyalebam
daayena Tqvens winaSe Cemi simdable, rogorc saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis
mamamTavrisa. me Segnebuli maqvs is umZimesi da, amave dros, sapatio movaleoba,
romelic dRes RvTis am wmida taZris TaRebqveS damakisra maRalma RmerTma.
23
muxls viyri am pativisaTvis misi Zlierebis winaSe da Tayvans vcem maradiuli
naTliT mosil xsenebas misas. Tavs vxri saqarTvelos eklesiisa da misi mrevlis
_ qarTveli xalxis winaSe, romelsac sasoebiT unda emsaxuros Cemi Zali da
goneba im sarwmunoebiT, romeli sarwmunoebis dacvisa da SenarCunebisaTvis zRva
sisxli gaiRo ricxviT mcire Cvenma xalxma.. Cveni eklesiis momavali saqmianobis
mTavari sakiTxi unda iyos qarTvel xalxSi sasoebisa da utexi nebis ganmtkiceba.
Cvens xalxs mudam moepoveboda energia sasoebisa da winsvlisaTvis da es energia
axlac Warbad aqvs mas; gamovlindes da sikeTes moxmardes es energia, _ ai Cveni
mizani... Cvens erSi marTlmadidebeli qristianuli sarwmunoebis ganmtkiceba,
rogorc yovelTvis, axlac iqneba Cveni eklesiis saqmianobis mTavari sazrunavi...
imisaTvis, rom RvTiuri gziT warvmarToT Cveni momavali saqmianoba, gvWirdeba
Sinagani mTlianoba~.
uwmidesma da unetaresma jvari gardasaxa sveticxovelSi Sekrebil aTasobiT
adamians da stumrebTan erTad eklesiidan gavida. sveticxovelSi Sekrebili
xalxi ar iSleboda. yvela grZnobda, rom istoriuli movlenis monawile
gaxda. aTeisturi komunisturi xelisuflebisagan devnili, Seviwroebuli da
sazogadoebisgan CamoSorebuli saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
avtokefaliuri eklesia Tavisi istoriuli rolis aRdgenisaTvis emzadeboda. es
_ momavalSi, magram pirveli dReebisa da Tveebis sirTules yvela acnobierebda.
sazeimo dReebma gadafara gansacdeliT savse ormocdaxuTdRiani periodi,
Tumca bevri safiqralic gaCnda: vis SeeZlo gadaeWra sveticxovlis sapatriarqo
taZris mTavari WaRis jaWvi, romlis Camovardnas _ mavanTa ganzraxviT _ 25
dekembers tragedia unda mohyoloda? ramdeni xiluli da uxilavi mteri iyo
Casafrebuli axalgazrda patriarqis winaaRmdeg?
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias finansuradac Zalian uWirda.
yovelTa somexTa kaTolikosma vazgen I-ma am sityvebiT mimarTa uwmidessa da
unetaress ilia II-s: ̀ Tqven rom giyurebT, maxsendeba Cemi patriarqobis pirveli
wlebi... Caiara sazeimo dReebma da mkacri realoba mZime aRmoCnda. Tvis bolos
imis saxsaric ki ar gvqonda, rom mgaloblebisaTvis mcire xelfasi migveca,
magram, RvTis SewevniT, gadavlaxeT yvela problema... es ambavi SemTxveviT ar
gamixsenebia, darwmunebuli var, axalgazrda patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi
ilia II yvela problemas Tavs gaarTmevs da saqarTvelos eklesiis saqmianobas
met siTamames SesZens~.
25 dekembers uwmidesma da unetaresma, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqma ilia II-m saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
saxeliT gamarTa sazeimo miReba, romelsac eswrebodnen saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis wevrebi, samRvdeloeba,
mowveuli stumrebi. qarTveli inteligenciis saxeliT uwmidessa da unetares
ilia II-s sityvebiT mimarTes profesorebma: aleqsandre aleqsiZem, gaioz
24
imedaSvilma, poetma ioseb noneSvilma. `Tqven Tqveni morwmunebrivi siwmidiT,
_ aRniSna prof. g. imedaSvilma, _ saTno cxovrebiT, codniTa da eklesiisadmi
uangaro, Tavdadebuli moRvaweobiT didi xnis winaTve gqondaT mopovebuli
xalxis siyvaruli da pativiscema. amitom iyo, rom wilad gxvdaT eklesiisa da
xalxis siyvaruli da pativiscema... eklesiisa da xalxis neba-survilis srul
TanxmobaSi erTsulovnad agirCies daoblebuli qarTuli eklesiis mamamTavrad...
dRes yoveli fenis, ganaTlebisa da profesiis qarTveloba Tqveni uwmidesobisa
da unetaresobisadmi nugeSiT mondobili sasoebs, rom odesme didebuli eklesia
kvlav Cadges eris samsaxurSi~.
yvela gamomsvlelis natvra iyo, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia kvlav
gaZlierebuli exila.
patriarqma sazeimo miRebaze mosul sazogadoebas mimarTa mokle
saprogramo sityviT, romelSic Camoayaliba is amocanebi, romlebic unda
gadaewyvita saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias: `Cven yvela aseT saqmeSi RvTis
nebas vxedavT, mis mowyalebas, misi marjvenis Zlierebas, samarTals misas, mis
naTliT mosil siyvaruls imaT mimarT, visac Cahbera man sicocxle Tavisi wmida
sulis micemiT. RvTaebis am warmoudgenlad mravalmxrivma didma sikeTem misgan
boZebuli Zlierebis kverTxiT damayena Cemi sayvareli qarTveli xalxis winaSe,
rogorc msaxuri am xalxisa da aRmasrulebeli yovlad maRali nebisa xalxis
sulieri cxovrebis amaRlebaSi. me tvirTis zidva damakisra misma gasaocarma
mowyalebam, mokvdavi gonebisaTvis warmoudgenelma Zlierebam momca Zala da
sasoeba, rom zeimiT vzido es tvirTi, rogori mZimec ar unda iyos is... Cveni
eklesiis saqmianoba ar unda warmovidginoT, rogorc raRac mxolod morwmune
xalxTan karCaketiloba. Cven yvelaferi unda gvwamdes progresuli sawyisebiT,
amisaTvis Cveni eklesiac unda idges mTel xalxTan erTad, romeli xalxic sikeTesa
da aRmavlobas emsaxureba... unda gvaxsovdes, rom Cven im qveynis Svilebi varT,
sadac daflulia uflis kvarTi, im qveyanaSi dabadebulni da aRzrdilni, romeli
qveyanac wilad xvda yovladwmida RvTismSobels, im winaparTa STamomavalni varT,
romelTac qristianoba uqadages andria pirvelwodebulma da svimon kananelma...
aseTi warsuli gvavalebs, rom mudam vizrunoT Cveni eklesiis siwmindis
amaRlebisaTvis. ra Tqma unda, ioli rodia RvTisa da eris winaSe valis moxda,
magram gana SeiZleba raime tvirTis simZimeze fiqri maSin, rodesac viciT, es
tvirTi RvTisgan miviReT? am tvirTTan erTad mogvca sasoeba gangebam. yoveli
taxti patriarqisa unda emsaxuros RmerTis didebis saqmes. vidre vicocxleb,
Cems Tvalwin iqneba is TvaliT uxilavi, magram realuri taxti, romelzec damsva
uflis Zlierma marjvenam. Cems gulzed weria is valdebulebani, romlebic
misma mowyalebam damakisra da bedniers mxdis imaze fiqri, rom yovlad maRali
mowyalebiT da qristes moZRvrebis moyvaruli qarTveli xalxis TanadgomiT,
yvelafers gavakeTebT, rac maRali RmerTis madlma da Zalam damakisra~.
25
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis 141-e meTauris
arCevas gamoexmaura marTlmadidebeli da aramarTlmadidebeli eklesiebis
sainformacio saSualebani. qristianuli msoflio kargad icnobda ilia II-s,
romelic 1963 wlidan, rogorc saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis sagareo ganyofilebis Tavmjdomare, monawileobda marTlmadidebel
da aramarTlmadidebel eklesiaTa samSvidobo forumebSi. mas piradi guliTadi
urTierTobebi akavSirebda konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis,
ierusalimis, ruseTis, eladis, serbeTis da sxva marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa
meTaurebTan.
Caiara sazeimo dReebma. dadga 1978 weli. sionis sapatriarqo taZari,
romelic mxolod did saeklesio dResaswaulebze ZiriTadad xandazmuli
adamianebiT ivseboda, amjerad ukve yoveli kviris orSabaTs, samSabaTs, SabaTsa
da kviras axalgazrdebiT, inteligenciis warmomadgenlebiT iyo savse. es
xalxi usityvo protests ucxadebda komunistur ideologias da sarwmunoebaSi
cdilobda sulieri Svebis mopovebas. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II maTTvis
gasagebi eniT esaubreboda mrevls marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis sidiadeze.
adamianebi, romlebic erTxel mainc movidodnen taZarSi, aq rCebodnen da
mrevlad iqceodnen... rogori mSvidi, bednieri da kmayofili iyo TiToeuli
maTgani _ uwmidesisa da unetaresis siTboTi da siyvaruliT aRtacebuli.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriaSi axali era
iwyeboda. 1995 wels ilia II-m ase gaixsena patriarqobis pirveli rTuli, magram
saintereso wlebi: `dRes me mxolod Cveni eklesiis cxovrebis zogierT aspeqts
Sevexebi, gavixseneb, ra urTierToba iyo eklesiasa da inteligencias Soris,
romelic TiTqmis iseTive zewolas ganicdida da iseve idevneboda, rogorc
sasuliero pirni. miuxedavad amisa, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Cvenma inteligenciam
qarTveli kacis suli gadaarCina. amitom Cveni mizani iyo mWidro kavSiri eklesiasa
da inteligencias Soris. saxelmwifo cdilobda, ar momxdariyo es daaxloeba.
inteligencias hqonda sulierebisaken swrafva, magram gamocdileba aklda.
maxsovs, sapatriarqoSi Cveni gamoCenili istorikosebi moviwvieT saqarTvelos
eklesiis istoriis akademiuri gamocemis mosamzadeblad, davamuSaveT gegma da
gavanawileT Temebi, magram, rodesac damuSavebuli nawilebi warmomidgines,
mivxvdi, rom maTi gamocema ar SeiZleboda, radgan es araeklesiuri adamianebis
mier dawerili istoria iyo... miuxedavad amisa, swrafva daaxloebisaken ar
SeCerebula. sapatriarqoSi grZeldeboda Sexvedrebi mecnierebTan. xSirad
sakiTxebi, romelTac Cven am Sexvedrebze ganvixilavdiT, imdenad saintereso
iyo, rom universitetis profesor-maswavleblebi maT Sesaxeb studentebs
leqciebze uyvebodnen... Cvenma mecnierebma didi misioneruli Rvawli gaswies
da me madlobeli var maTi mZime mdgomareobaSi gamoCenili TanadgomisaTvis~.
26
Tavi III. pirveli siZneleebi, problemebi da maTi gadaWris gzebis Zieba
saqarTvelo XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi sabWoTa kavSiris erT-erTi
mokavSire respublika iyo. mkacrad centralizebuli mmarTvelobis
sistemiT. adgilobrivi marionetuli xelisufleba _ saqarTvelos
kompartiis centra luri komitetis, saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWosa
da saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWos saxiT _ moskovTan SeuTanxmeblad
vercerTi sakiTxis gadawyvetas ver axerxebda. qveyana aSenebda e.w.
`ganviTarebul socializms~. gabatonebuli ideologia iyo marqsizm-
leninizmi. sazeimo msvlelobebi imarTeboda 1 maiss, mSromelTa
solidarobis dRes, da 7 noembers, ruseTis xelisuflebaSi bolSevikebis
mosvlis ̀ istoriuli~ dRis aRsaniSnavad. sazeimod aRiniSneboda faSistur
germaniaze gamarjvebis dRe, 9 maisi, da sabWoTa kavSiris konstituciis
miRebis dRe, 5 dekemberi.
is adamianebi, romelTac axsovdaT 1918-1921 wlebis saqarTvelos
damoukidebeli respublika, an emigraciaSi imyofebodnen, an, 20-50-iani
wlebis daundobel angariSsworebas gadarCenilni, Tavisufal saqarTveloze
ocnebasac ver bedavdnen. saqarTvelos politikuri xelmZRvaneloba amayad
acxadebda, rom qveyanaSi daZleuli iyo `warsulis mavne gadmonaSTebi~,
mosaxleobis religiuroba. axali ideologiuri wnexis pirobebSi gaizardnen
Taobebi, romelTa mexsierebidan istoriuli warsulis, qarTuli erovnuli
cnobierebis, saxelmwifoebriobisa da qristianuli sarwmunoebisadmi
erTgulebis amoSlas cdilobdnen. am droisTvis saSualo skolebidan da
umaRlesi saswavleblebidan saqarTvelos istoriis swavleba gandevnili iyo,
axalgazrdebisaTvis ucxod rCeboda XIX-XX saukuneebis saxelmwifoebrivi
da sarwmunoebrivi TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZol winaparTa _ solomon II-is,
aleqsandre batoniSvilis, solomon leoniZis, filadelfos kiknaZis, dosiTeoz
quTaTelis, eqvTime gaenaTelis, spiridon kedias, noe ramiSvilis, noe Jordanias,
kote afxazis, qaquca ColoyaSvilis, grigol lorTqifaniZis, uwmidesi ambrosis,
mitropolit nazaris, zurab avaliSvilis, grigol robaqiZis, viqtor nozaZisa
da sxvaTa saxelebi. wina saukunis erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba
socialur moZraobad moinaTla, xolo awmyoSi qarTuli enis uflebebisaTvis
brZola _ nacionalizmad. mkacri cenzura iyo yvela sferoSi. miuxedavad aseTi
rTuli viTarebisa, sabWoTa politikuri sistemis krizisi aSkara iyo.
mmarTvelma partiam 1956 wlis sagangebo dadgenilebiT dagmo stalinis
pirovnebis kulti da 20-50-iani wlebis represiebi mxolod mas daabrala. n.
xruSCovs am nabijiT sistemis gadarCena surda, magram piriqiT ki moxda: daCqarda
27
sabWoTa politikuri sistemis ngrevis procesi. 1956 wlis 9 marts TbilisSi
mSvidobiani manifestaciis barbarosulma darbevam, sisxlianma angariSsworebam
qarTul sazogadoebaSi azrovnebis wesis Secvla daaCqara, saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoebrivi Tavisuflebis miviwyebuli idea gamoacocxla, komunisturi
sistemis kritika, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobisaTvis
brZola erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis mTavar mizanad iqca.
XX saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi es moZraoba sabWoTa ideologebisa da misi
specsamsaxurebisaTvis `disidentur~ _ `sxvagvarad moazrovneTa~ moZraobad
moinaTla. disidenturi moZraobisaTvis saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel
samociqulo eklesiaSi momxdari cvlilebebi, axalgazrda, ganaTlebuli
kaTolikos-patriarqis mosvla iyo didi sixarulisa da imedebis momcemi,
amitom qarTveli mamuliSvilebi uyoymanod dadgnen ilia II-is gverdiT.
patriarqi Sinaganad erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli idealebis erTguli iyo.
amis dasturia saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivSi, uwmidesisisa da unetaresis
studentobisdroindel saarqivo masalebSi, axalgazrda mRvdelmonazon ilias
mier memorandumis lamazad gadawerili teqsti, romliTac 1922 wels uwmidesma
da unetaresma ambrosi xelaiam genuis saerTaSoriso konferenciis monawileebs
mimarTa. garda amisa, Cveni patriarqi axalgazrdobidanve xSirad ixsenebda
kaTolikos-patriarq anton II-s: `axla Tvalwin myavs warmodgenili kaTolikos-
patriarqi anton II erekles Ze, magondeba misi tirili da godeba daoblebul
saqarTveloze, igi imeddakarguli da damwuxrebuli rwyavda ruseTis miwas
Tavisi mduRare cremlebiT~. _ werda Tavis dRiurSi mRvdelmonazoni ilia.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis sityva, darbazobaze Tqmuli 1977 wlis
25 dekembers, kargi gzavnili gamodga Tavisuflebis idealebis erTguli
TanamemamuleebisaTvis. aseT viTarebaSi daiwyo kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-
is moRvaweoba. erT-erTma mRvdelmTavarma ilia II-s mimarTvisas uTxra, rom
man saqarTvelos eklesia sudaragadafarebuli Caibara. viTareba iyo mZime,
magram _ ara uimedo. am dros mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiaSi moqmedi iyo mcxeTis
sveticxoveli, samTavrosa da olRas monastrebi, Tbilisis sioni, qaSveTis
wmida giorgis, didubis yovladwminda RvTismSoblis Sobis, kukiis wminda
ninos, mTawmindis mama daviTis, yovladwminda samebis, wminda aleqsandre
nevelis, wminda mixeil tverelis, wminda ioane RvTismetyvelis, wmida barbares
eklesiebi. ar funqcionirebda anCisxatis, karis, uflis feriscvalebis, wminda
nikolozis, metexis yovladwminda RvTismSoblis Sobis, veris eklesiebi;
naZaladevSi, iveriis yovladwminda RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesiaSi higienis
saxli (abano) iyo gaxsnili. eklesias ar hyavda mrevli, TiTqmis ar arsebobda
qarTulenovani sasuliero wignebi, qarTuli xatebi, jvrebi, Semcirebuli
iyo mgalobelTa gundebi. wmida sinodis wevri eqvsi mRvdelmTavris asaki
meryeobda 70-90 wlebs Soris, xandazmuli iyo sasuliero pirTa umravlesobac.
28
pirvel xanebSi patriarqis Semmosvelni wminda aleqsandre nevelis saxelobis
eklesiidan gadmosuli rusi stiqarosnebi iyvnen. ilia II sionis sapatriarqo
taZarSi Sekrebil xalxs, romelic jer mrevli ar iyo, aswavlida, Tu rogor unda
elocaT, romeli locvebi unda eswavlaT, rogor unda gadaeweraT pirjvari,
risTvis iyo aucilebeli wirva-locvaze bolomde daswreba, risTvis unda
daecvaT marxva, eTqvaT aRsareba da mieRoT wmida ziareba, risTvis iyo saWiro
taZarSi siwynaris dacva msaxurebis aRsrulebis periodSi, ra aucileblobiT
iyo ganpirobebuli, rom taZarSi salocavad misuli mandilosani msaxurebas
Tavdaburuli daswreboda. adamianebi gaubedavad, magram mainc modiodnen
eklesiaSi da erTferovani cxovrebidan uecrad sxva samyaroSi gadmodiodnen,
sadac aforiaqebulni sulier simSvides poulobdnen, cxovrebaze xelCaqneulni
imediT aRivsebodnen. saocari sanaxavi iyo orSabaTs, samSabaTs, SabaTs da kviras
sionis sapatriarqo taZari. axalgazrdebi sasoebiT Sehyurebdnen TavianT
sulier winamZRols, wirva-locvis damTavrebis Semdeg nela miuyvebodnen
leseliZis, erekle II -is quCebs, rusTavelis gamzirs.
patriarqma pirvel saaxalwlo epistoleSi am sityvebiT mimarTa qarTvels
xalxs: ̀ sarwmunoeba _ es naTelia mSvidobis gzaze, sarwmunoeba Tavadaa mSvidoba
da sasoeba maradiuli, sarwmunoeba wyaro aris siyvarulisa, romelic amaRlebs
kacis gulsa da gonebas. igi xidi aris, miwidan cisken mimavali. dadeqiT mtkiced
am xidze... Cven sixaruliT vuCvenebT yvelas am xidisaken mimaval gzas, im saqmeTa
nusxas, romelic unda akeTos maradiulobisaken am xidiT mimavalma adamianma,
mivuTiTebT bednierebis im WeSmarit wyaroze, saidanac unda svas sulisa da
xorcis masazrdoebeli cxovelmyofeli wyali, davexmarebiT sulieri amaRlebis
gziT ixilos is naTeli, romelic mzisgan ki ar modis, aramed romlisganac mzem
miiRo naTeli Tavad~.
komunisturi ideologiisagan sulSexuTuli sazogadoebisaTvis, romelsac
miwier samoTxes hpirdebodnen, yovelive amas gansakuTrebuli siaxlisa da imedis
gancda mohqonda. adamianebi TandaTan daubrundnen TavianTi winaprebis mier
sisxliTa da TavganwirviT SenarCunebul qristianul sarwmunoebas, nominaluri
morwmuneebidan WeSmarit morwmuneebad gadaiqcnen. saero cxovrebaSi samSoblo,
misi istoriuli gmirebi, mSobliuri ena daviwyebas eZleoda. saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTauri ki maTi ardaviwyebisaken
mouwodebda mrevls: `roca gadavxedavT Cvens warsuls, gvaocebs, Tu amden
winaaRmdegobaSi viT SeinarCuna qarTvelma xalxma Tavisi ena, qristianuli
sarwmunoeba da kultura, rogor ar moispo es yvelaferi da viT gauZlo JamTan
Widils. Cveni dRemde arsebobis da sulieri simtkicis saidumloeba qristianul
sarwmunoebaSi mdgomareobs... wmida nino, daviT aRmaSenebeli, Tamar mefe, didi
rusTaveli, dimitri Tavdadebuli, sirieli mamebi, Tornike erisTavi; mefe-
mowameni: arCili da luarsabi; sjulisaTvis Tavdadebulni: dedofali qeTevani,
29
mRvdeli Tevdore, gmirni marabdelni, daviT guramiSvili, 300 aragveli,
eqvTime TayaiSvili, ilia WavWavaZe; kaTolikos-patriarqni: kirioni, ambrosi,
kalistrate da mravali sxva mnaTobni da svetni arian saqarTvelosi... Cven unda
viyoT ganmgrZelebelni im didi saqmisa, rasac Seewirnen isini~. oficialuri
xelisuflebisa da misi ideologiisaTvis warsulis, awmyosa da momavlis aseTi
xedva sruliad miuRebeli iyo.
1978 wlis aprilis dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi didi mRelvareba gamoiwvia
saqarTvelos ssr axali konstituciis proeqtis ganxilvam. axal proeqtSi,
moskovis miTiTebiT, amoiRes muxli, romelic saqarTvelos respublikaSi
qarTuli enis saxelmwifoebriv statuss akanonebda. sxvadasxva organizaciaSi
saqarTvelos ssr axali konstituciis proeqtis ganxilva arsebuli politikuri
sistemis mZafr kritikaSi gadaizarda.
am dros erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis axalgazrduli birTvi,
z. gamsaxurdias, m. kostavas, g. Wanturias, m. giorgaZis, T. CxeiZis, z. WavWavaZis
saxiT, sionis sapatriarqo taZris mrevli iyo. xelisufleba grZnobda, rom
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia Cvens qveyanaSi qarTuli
enis dasacavad gamosuli adamianebis Zlieri mokavSire aRmoCnda.
1978 wlis 14 aprils, dilis 9 saaTze Tbilisis universitetis ezoSi
aTasobiT studenti Seikriba da daiZra rusTavelis gamzirisaken, mTavrobis
sasaxlisaken, sadac saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos sagangebo sesias
unda daemtkicebina saqarTvelos ssr axali konstitucia. axalgazrdebi
moiTxovdnen qarTuli enis saxelmwifo enad gamocxadebas. meliqiSvilis
quCaze universitetis studentebs SeuerTdnen Tbilisis sxvadasxva umaRlesi
saswavleblis studentebi, inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi. filarmoniasTan
maT gaarRvies miliciis kordoni, momdevno winaaRmdegoba rusTavelis ZeglTan
gadailaxa, aTasobiT demonstranti skandirebiT: `samSoblo~, `saqarTvelo~,
`deda ena~ -mTavrobis saxlTan Segrovda... quCebSi daZabuloba igrZnoboda,
brezentgadaxurul manqanebSi samxedro teqnika, jari idga... ufrosi Taoba
tiroda, maT axsovdaT 1956 wlis 9 marti... iyo misi gameorebis saSiSroeba.
veeberTela sabWoTa imperiaSi es iyo uprecedento SemTxveva. moskovi
iZulebuli gaxda, ukan daexia, saqarTvelos ssr konstituciis 75-e muxliT
saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialistur respublikaSi qarTuli ena saxelmwifo
enad dakanonda. es iyo didi gamarjveba da sixaruli. demonstrantebi sionis
sapatriarqo taZrisaken daiZrnen. am dros ki saqarTvelos sapatriarqo
(dRemde daudgenelia mizezebi) xanZris alSi iyo gaxveuli. xanZris Sedegad
daiwva vercxlis xati, XVII saukunis wmida ninos xati, wmida nikolozis xati,
4 samRvdelmTavro kverTxi, barZim-feSxumebi, muxis kankeli, magida, skamebi;
kaTolikos-patriarqebis _ kirion II-is, leonides, ambrosis, qristefores,
kalistrates, melqisedekis, efrem II-is, daviT V-is _ suraTebi (originalebi).
30
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi TiTqmis erTi weli rezidenciis
gareSe iyo darCenili, magram amas xeli ar SeuSlia misTvis, saqmianoba kvlav
Cveuli SeupovrobiT gaegrZelebina.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia 1917 wels gamoscemda
oficialur sainformacio Jurnals _ `sveticxoveli~, romelic male daixura.
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqebis uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosis,
qristefores, kalistrates, efremisa da daviTis _ survili, saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias hqonoda Tavisi sainformacio Jurnali,
mravali dabrkolebisa da winaaRmdegobis gamo ganuxorcielebel ocnebad
rCeboda.
1978 wels, ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT, gamovida feradi ilustrirebuli
Jurnali ̀ jvari vazisa~. Tavdapirvelad ganzraxuli iyo, Jurnali yovelTviuri
yofiliyo, magram xelisuflebis mZafri winaaRmdegobis gamo yovelwliurad
ori nomris gamoSveba gadawyda. Jurnals unda gaeSuqebina saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoria, wmida sinodis sxdomebi,
Teologiis, marTlmadidebel eklesiebTan urTierTobis sakiTxebi. Jurnals
agreTve hqonda reziumeebi inglisur da rusul enebze. 37 wlis manZilze
Jurnalis ucvleli redaqtori iyo qalbatoni TinaTin kobalaZe. ̀ jvari vazisas~
1978 wlis pirveli nomeri mTlianad mieZRvna saqarTvelos me-12 saeklesio
krebas, uwmidesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is aRsaydrebas. SezRuduli tiraJis
gamo sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi specialur magidaze ewyo Jurnalis nomrebi
da mkiTxvelebi iwerdnen maTTvis saintereso statiebs.
pirvel xanebSi yoveldRiuri locvebi, fsalmunebi morwmune mrevls
xeliT hqonda gadawerili. 1978-1979 wlebSi es locvebi daibeWda, magram
moTxovnileba imdenad didi iyo, rom isini bibliografiul iSviaTobad iqca.
1978-1987 wlebSi saeklesio kalendarSi ibeWdeboda yoveldRiuri locvebi
da fsalmunebi. unikaluri qarTuli anbani _ asomTavruli da nusxaxucuri
_ mxolod specialistebisa da RvTismsaxurebisaTvis iyo gasagebi. xalxi
daSorebuli iyo Zvel qarTul teqstebsa da damwerlobas. `qarTvel mrevlSi
iSviaTad Tu moiZebneba adamiani, _ mimarTa uwmidesma mrevls, _ romelsac
SeeZleba medaviTneoba gauwios moZRvars... vTxov qarTvel morwmuneT, gamoiCinon
sibejiTe da gulmodgineba, Seiswavlon asomTavruli da xucuri damwerloba,
ar moSalon xidi, gadebuli saxelovan warsulsa da bednier momavals Soris~.
sul male eklesiebSi gamoCnda asomTavruliT da nusxa-xucuriT dawerili
yoveldRiuri locvebi, fsalmunebi. qarTveli morwmuneebisaTvis asomTavruli
da nusxa-xucuri anbani axlobeli da gasagebi xdeboda...
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia, oficialuri xeli-
suflebis winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, iZulebiTi izolaciidan gamodioda.
1978 wlis 24 noembers cnobilma qarTvelma kinoreJisorma revaz TabukaSvilma
31
italiidan gadmoasvena 1911 wels q. Civita-vekiaSi sxvis gadasarCenad zRvaSi
daRupuli didi qarTveli mecnieris, mixeil TamaraSvilis neSti. 26 noembers,
kviras, xelovnebis muzeumis darbazSi gaimarTa samoqalaqo panaSvidi,
romelsac aTasobiT qarTveli daeswro. panaSvidze mobrZanda ilia II. didubis
panTeonSi warmoTqmul sityvaSi saqarTvelos patriarqma xazgasmiT aRniSna,
rom qarTveli eri da saqarTvelos eklesia istoriulad mudam erTad idga
da ase iqneba momavalSic. es iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis meTauris xalxSi gasvlis pirveli warmatebuli nabiji... bevr adamianze
patriarqis uSualobam, siwmidem ise imoqmeda, rom eklesias miaSura. sul male
sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi gamoCnda qarTuli xatebi, jvrebi. uwmidesis locva-
kurTxeviT, mxatvarma aleqsandre banZelaZem daiwyo didubis RvTismSoblis
eklesiis moxatva. 1979 wels sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi gamoCnda yovladwmida
RvTismSoblis, macxovris, wmida ninos, wmida giorgis, wmida keTilmsaxur Tamar
mefis, wmida qeTevan wamebulis, Rirsi mama ioane zedaznelis da misi mowafe
asureli mamebis, wmida mowameebis _ daviTisa da konstantines axali xatebi.
1978 wlis zafxulSi, rodesac TbilisSi saqarTvelos patriarqis mowveviT
stumrad CamobrZanda aTonis mTis gubernatori, doqtori dimitrios camisi,
misma uwmindesobam oficialur xelisuflebas acnoba, rom sapatio stumris
miwveva aucilebeli iyo Tbilisis universitetSi, korneli kekeliZis saxelobis
xelnawerTa institutSi, saxelmwifo muzeumSi. xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda,
dasTanxmeboda, ramac uwmidessa da unetaress saSualeba misca, Sexvedroda
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profesor-maswavleblebs, studentebs,
universitetSi sapatio stumarma daaTvaliera saqarTvelos istoriis kabineti.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma samociqulo eklesiam, saero xeli-
suflebis RonisZiebaTa paralelurad, aRniSna iakob xucesis mier wmida SuSanikis
wamebis aRweridan 1500 wlisTavi, patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT daiwera wmida
SuSanikis xati. eklesiam xelisuflebas mosTxova, gadmoeca misTvis metexis
RvTismSoblis saxelobis taZari, sadac daculia wmida SuSanikis saflavi da
imxanad ki axalgazrduli Teatri iyo ganTavsebuli.
yoveli eklesiis avtokefalurobis erT-erTi niSania wmida mironis
adgilobriv eklesiaSi Semzadebis tradicia. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel
samociqulo eklesiaSi tradiciulad mironis Semzadeba xdeboda vnebis kviraSi.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis
gauqmebis Semdeg wmida mironi ruseTidan SemohqondaT. xolo mas mere, rac
avtokefalia aRdga, pirvelad 1918 wlis aprilSi anCisxatSi Semzadda wmida
mironi. rogorc beri gobroni (Semdgom episkoposi gobron wkrialaSvili _ s. v.)
gadmogvcems: ̀ dRis 12 saaTisaTvis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma,
uwmidesma da unetaresma kirion II-m Tbilel mitropolit leonidesTan da
mcxeTa-Tbilisis samRvdeloebasTan erTad gadaixada RvTismSoblis paraklisi,
32
ris SemdgomSic sakuTari xeliT aiazmis sxurebiT CauSva qvabSi jvris saxiT
specialurad pinakebzed da sasmisebSi kandelakis mier gamzadebuli mironis
masalebis nawili; Semdgom amisa, kandelakma mis uwmidesobas miarTva anTebuli
kvari, romelmac sakuTari xeliT moukida cecxli winaswar quraSi gamzadebuls
da spirtdasxmul ramdenime naxSiris natexs... Semdgom amisa daiwyo wmida
saxarebis kiTxva~. es wesi sruldeboda did oTxSabaTs mwuxramde. did xuTSabaTs
moxda mironis Sezaveba. anCisxatis Semdeg wmida mironi momzadda 1920, 1947,
1967 wlebSi TbilisSi sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi. 1980 wlis 1-3 aprils ilia
II-is locva-kurTxeviT aRsdga saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis uZvelesi tradicia da wmida mironis Semzadeba da kurTxeva Sesrulda
sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi. saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan mcxeTaSi
Camosuli aTasobiT morwmune monawileobda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo avtokefaluri eklesiis wiaRSi mironis kurTxevis msaxurebaSi.
3 aprils wmida mironi moaTavses sagangebo WurWliT moaTavses im manqanaSi,
romliTac ilia II TbilisSi unda gamgzavrebuliyo. `volga~, romelsac
protodiakoni RvTiso SalikaSvili marTavda, Tbilisisaken daiZra. manqanam
gaiara ramdenime kilometri da uecrad amobrunda... es Tavzardamcemi
informacia ramdenime wuTSi gavrcelda, momxdaris Sesaxeb Seityves imJamad
sveticxovelSi myofma wmida sinodis wevrebma da mrevlma. SemTxvevis adgilze
misulma xalxma naxa, rom patriarqic da mironic (WurWelTan erTad) uvneblad
gadarCeniliyo.
ilia II-m saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi aRorZina istoriuli
tradiciebi, ganavrco da ganaviTara igi. 1995-2011 wlebSi aRdgomis kviraSi
sveticxovlis taZarSi kvlav Semzadda wmida mironi _ marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis avtokefalurobis da siwmidis simbolo. XXI
saukunis qarTveloba uwmidesi patriarqis locviTa da SemweobiT eziareba
marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis maradiul WeSmaritebas.
kaTolikos-patriarqi grZnobda, rom aucilebeli iyo qarTul
sazogadoebaSi gaqarwylebuliyo stereotipi, romelic eklesiis Sesaxeb
komunisturma xelisuflebam Camoayaliba da romelic eklesias `istoriuli
kulturis Zeglis~ statuss usadagebda. es warmodgena aucileblad unda
gacamtverebuliyo da eklesiis namdvili daniSnuleba yvelasTvis mkafiod da
naTlad ganmartebuliyo. `taZari adgilia adamianis eklesiuri kurTxevisa,
_ aRniSnavda misi uwmidesoba, _ karibWea maradiulobisa, savanea RvTisa;
aqauri madlmosili garemo aRazevebs, akeTilSobilebs suls, ganwmeds da
ganaTavisuflebs codvebisagan, taZari oazisia, romelSic Cveni yoveldRiuri
cxovrebis oromtrialiT, RelviT da amaoebiT daclili suli Sinagan mSvidobasa
da siwynares povebs~.
oficialurma xelisuflebam saeklesio dResaswaulebs daupirispira
33
e.w. saxalxo `daviT garejoba~, `mcxeToba~, `alaverdoba~, `TeleToba~.
mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi SezarxoSebuli xalxi zurna-dudukis fonze wmida
taZrebis ezoebSi raRacas zeimobda, Tu ras, verc erTi mozeime ver ityoda (es
fenomeni mxatvrulad aisaxa guram rCeuliSvilis moTxrobaSi _ `alaverdoba~).
patriarqi 1978 wlis seqtemberSi kaxeTSi, alaverdobaze gaemgzavra. axmetis
partiulma xelmZRvanelobam scada, aTasobiT morwmunisaTvis gza gadaeRoba,
magram uSedegod. es iyo pirveli alaverdoba, romlis drosac sakaTedro
taZarSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi da wmida sinodis
wevrebi aRasrulebdnen RvTismsaxurebas. saocari viTareba iyo. warmarTul-
gaxalxurebuli dResaswauli Tavis namdvil saxes ibrunebda. ase moxda
TeleTSi, mcxeTaSi, lomisSi. es iyo qarTveli xalxis qristianuli rwmenisken
Semobrunebis rTuli, magram Seuqcevadi procesis dasawyisi. oficialuri
xelisuflebis mcdeloba, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia
sazogadoebisagan izolirebuli darCeniliyo, sruli kraxiT damTavrda.
uwmidesma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba dauTmo axalgazrdobas. komunistur-
komkavSiruli propagandiT sulSexuTulma axalgazrdebma sulis simSvide,
samSoblos interesebis dacvis, winaparTa tradiciebis pativiscemis Zala
eklesiaSi ipoves.
1978 wlis 6 marts saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis oficialuri delegacia moskovidan TbilisSi brundeboda. moskovis
aeroportSi qarTulad xmamaRla naTqvamma sityvam patriarqi moabruna.
`uwmideso, _ mimarTa ucnobma axalgazrdam, daiCoqa mis win da werili gadasca,
_ sul ramdenime Tve gavida Tqveni kurTxevidan da sasaxelod gauZeliT did
gamocdas. Tqveni yoveli wirva, yoveli qadageba Cvens guls malamod ecxeba.
sioni Cveni sulisa da gonebis wmida taZaria, akademiaa, romelSic adamiani
ara marto gonebis sazrdos iRebs, aramed _ sulier sazrdosac. Tqven xarT
is sulieri moZRvari, romelmac bevri gzasacdenili adamiani moaqcieT; imedi
gqondeT, qarTveli axalgazrdebi mudam mxarSi amogidgebiT~. es gulaxdili
werili-aRsareba adasturebda uwmidesisa da unetaresis mier gadadgmuli
pirveli nabijebis marTebulobas.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTaurma mWidro
TanamSromloba daiwyo qarTuli mecnierebisa da kulturis sxvadasxva sferos
warmomadgenlebTan. aTeistur epoqaSi aRzrdil adamianebs igi miniSnebiT
aswavlida sasuliero pirebTan urTierTobis niuansebs.
am fonze oficialuri saxelisuflebo struqturebi dafiqrdnen, Tu
rogor unda waremarTaT momavalSi antireligiuri muSaobis strategia da
taqtika.
gadawyda, Seqmniliyo komkavSiruli Stabebi, romelnic saeklesio
dResaswaulebis dros eklesiebSi mosul axalgazrdebs gamoavlendnen da
34
farTo `axsna-ganmartebiT samuSaoebs~ Caatarebdnen. xelisuflebis miTiTebiT,
saxelmwifo samsaxurSi myof adamianebs samsaxuridan gaSvebiT, xolo umaRlesi
saswavleblebis studentebs _ saswavleblidan garicxviT emuqrebodnen. ofi-
cialur xelisuflebas saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaze
zemoqmedebisaTvis Seqmnili hqonda sagangebo saxelmwifo struqtura _ sabWoTa
kavSiris religiis saqmeTa komitetis saxiT, romelic 1943 wels, xolo misi
filiali _ saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis rwmunebulis Tanamdeboba _ 1947 wels dafuZnda mTavrobis dadge-
nilebis safuZvelze. rwmunebulTa aparats evaleboda saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasa da saqarTvelos mTavrobas Soris
urTierTobis koordinacia, sasuliero pirTa aRricxva, moqmedi eklesiebis
registracia, sabWoTa kanonmdeblobiT religiuri organizaciebisaTvis
miniWebul uflebaTa dacva. rwmunebulTa samoqalaqo samsaxuris ukan sabWoTa
kavSiris uSiSroebis ganyofileba idga, romelic eklesiis saqmianobas mkacrad
akontrolebda.
am dros saqarTveloSi ZalaSi iyo 1977 welis damtkicebuli debuleba
`religiur gaerTianebaTa Sesaxeb~. debulebis Tanaxmad, axali eklesiis gaxsna
SesaZlebeli iyo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu amas religiuri sazogadoebis 20 wevri
moiTxovda. Tu sasuliero pirs ar hqonda religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis mier
gacemuli registraciis mowmoba, mas mRvdelmsaxureba ekrZaleboda.
rwmunebulTa aparati cdilobda, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis saqmianoba srulad ekontrolebina, didi saSemosavlo
gadasaxadebi daewesebina sasuliero pirebisaTvis, maTTvis arasasurvel
sasuliero pirebze Seuracxmyofeli Worebi gaevrcelebina, raTa sazogadoebas
uaryofiTi ganwyoba Seqmnoda maTze.
religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulebi cdilobdnen eklesiis Sida saqmeebSi
uxeSad Carevas. 1986 wlis 21 noembers religiis saqmeTa rwmunebuli aseTi
Sinaarsis werils ugzavnis ilia II-s: `Cvens xelT arsebuli monacemebidan
gamomdinare, aucileblad miviCnevT Tqveni yuradReba mivapyroT religiuri
kultebis Sesaxeb sabWoTa kanonmdeblobis darRvevebis faqtebze, romlebic
sakmaod moxSirda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis msaxurTa mxriv...
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, rwmunebulTa aparats saWirod miaCnia, rom
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sapatriarqom aRniSnul darRvevaTa
uaxloes vadebSi aRmosafxvrelad gaataros Semdegi saxis RonisZiebani:
1. aekrZaloT eklesiaTa mRvdelmsaxurebsa da sapatriarqos Tanam-
Sromlebs, uSualod mimarTon respublikisa Tu sakavSiro instanciebs da
awarmoon maTTan mimowera rwmunebulis aparatis gverdis avliT;
2. SeizRudos mRvdlebis sxvadasxva eklesiebSi gadayvan-gadmoyvana, Tu es
gansakuTrebuli aucileblobiT ar iqneba gamowveuli;
35
3. mkacrad aekrZalos yvela RvTismsaxursa Tu eklesiis winamZRvars
religiuri sazogadoebis safinanso-sameurneo saqmeebSi CarTva.
4. mkacrad iqnes gafrTxilebuli yvela mRvdelmTavari da sxva kultis
msaxurni, raTa Sewydes aramoqmed da araregistrirebul eklesiebSi saxalxo
Tu saeklesio dResaswaulebSi monawileoba~.
religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis davalebiT, quTaisis mxareTmcodneobis
muzeumis gelaTis filialis TanamSromlebi sastikad ewinaaRmdegebodnen
quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropolitis Sio avaliSvilis ganzraxvas: 8 Tebervals
administraciuli wesiT daxurul eklesiaSi daviT IV aRmaSeneblis saflavze
mRvdelmTavars paraklisis aRsruleba surda. ase iyo yvelgan, magram miuxedavad
aseTi mcdelobisa, rwmunebulTa aparati veRar axerxebda saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis samoqmedo asparezis SezRudvas.
XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis meore naxevridan, erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli
moZraobis aRmavlobis periodSi, religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis aparatis
gauqmebis Sesaxeb sakiTxi araerTxel daisva. 1990 wlis aprilSi saqarTvelos
ministrTa sabWom aseTi dadgenileba gamosca: `gauqmdes saqarTvelos ssr
ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis aparati yvela
Tavisi funqciiT. respublikis teritoriaze ganlagebuli marTlmadidebeli
eklesiisa da saqarTvelos sapatriarqos yvela sakulto nageboba gamocxaddes
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakuTrebad~.
patriarqi saocari mimteveblobiT da araCveulebrivi madlierebis
grZnobiT yovelTvis magaliTs aZlevs ers. 1995 wels mcxeTaSi, sveticxovlis
sapatriarqo taZarSi, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
gafarToebuli krebaze, man aRniSna, rom saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWosTan
arsebuli religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis aparati eklesiis SezRudvisa da
daCagvrisaTvis iyo Seqmnili, magram `ar SemiZlia ar gavixseno, _ brZana
uwmidesma, _ religiis saqmeTa ori rwmunebuli: Tengiz onofriSvili da anzor
wiklauri. Tengiz onofriSvili mRvdlis SviliSvili iyo, romlis suraTic man
erTxel saidumlod maCvena. anzor wiklaurs, romelic axlaxan gardaicvala,
didi wvlili miuZRvis Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis gaxsnaSi. erTica da
meorec istorikosebi iyvnen da kargad esmodaT eklesiis roli Cveni qveynis
cxovrebaSi~.
36
Tavi IV. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociquloeklesiis urTierToba marTlmadidebel eklesiebTan
da aramarTlmadideblur konfensiebTan. avtokefaliuri moZraobis warmatebiT dagvirgvineba
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis
aRdgenisa da pirveli saeklesio krebis mier sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqad kirion II-is arCevis Semdeg uwmidesma da
unetaresma kirion II-m daiwyo seriozuli muSaoba, raTa marTlmadidebel
da aramarTlmadidebel msoflios mkafio warmodgena Sehqmnoda, Tu
ra moxda saqarTveloSi, da ruseTis sapatriarqos mier gavrcelebuli
tendenciuri informaciebis tyveobaSi ar aRmoCeniliyvnen. pirvel
yovlisa, ruseTis eklesiasTan megobruli urTierTobis damyareba
cxadia, sasurveli iyo, magram 1917 wlis agvistoSi ruseTis
axladarCeulma patriarqma tixonma saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis maRal ierarqebs mcxeTaSi 1917 wlis 12 (25) marts
miRebuli dokumentis gauqmebisa da sinanulisaken mouwoda. amitom 25
wlis manZilze saqarTvelosa da ruseTis marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa
Soris evqaristuli kavSiri ar arsebobda.
1943 wlis 31 oqtombers, daZabuli molaparakebebis Semdeg, ruseTis
patriarqma sergim oficialurad aRiara saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis teritoriuli avtokefalia, 1917 wlis 12 (25) martis
sveticxovlis damoukideblobis aqtis kanoniereba da rusi mrevlisadmi
mimarTvaSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasTan evqaristuli
kavSiris aRdgena daadastura. ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mier
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRiarebis
dokuments xels awerdnen patriarqi sergi da sinodis mudmivi wevrebi,
mitropolitebi: aleqsi, nikolozi, mTavarepiskoposebi: andrei, aleqsi, ioane.
1946 wels saqarTveloSi oficialuri megobruli vizitiT CamobrZanda
ruseTis patriarqi uwmidesi aleqsi I. 1958 wels igi meored Camovida
saqarTveloSi. 1945-1948 wlebSi uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate
stumrobda moskovs. 1951-1970 wlebSi moskovSi araerTxel Catarda sabWoTa
kavSirSi arsebul religiur konfesiaTa meTaurebis Sexvedra, samSvidobo
konferenciebi. am SexvedrebSi monawileobdnen uwmidesi da unetaresi
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqni: melqisedek III, efrem II, daviT
V, ilia II. ruseTisa da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris
keTilganwyobili urTierToba damyarda.
1977 wlis 25 dekembers uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is aRsaydrebaze
moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqi pimeni am sityvebiT miesalma
37
saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurs: `ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesia, aRsavse
uRrmesi pativiscemiT Tavisi erTmorwmune, moZme qarTuli eklesiisadmi, guliT
xarobs am uwmides taZarSi gamefebuli sixaruliTa da zeimiT. es sixaruli wmidaa
da naTeli. Cvenc sixarulma mogviyvana aq, raTa erTxel kidev davudasturoT
keTilmorwmune qarTvel ers da mis Rirseul mwyemsmTavars sruliad ruseTis
eklesiis samwysos siyvaruli~.
kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II patriarq pimenis am pozicias pativiscemiTa
da ruseTis eklesiisadmi siyvaruliT pasuxobda. 1978 wlis maisSi igi
monawileobda ruseTSi patriarqobis aRdgenidan 60 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil
sazeimo RonisZiebaSi. aq igi Sexvda da momavali urTierTobebis gaRrmavebis
sakiTxebze esaubra msoflio sapatriarqos warmomadgenlebs, mitropolitebs
_ melitonsa da barTolomeoss (axlandel msoflio patriarqs), ierusalimis
eklesiidan _ mitropolit germanes, rumineTis eklesiidan _ mitropolit
Teoqstites (SemdgomSi patriarqs), bulgareTis patriarq maqsimes, eladis
eklesiis warmomadgenels _ mitropolit barnabas, kviprosis eklesiis meTaurs
_ mTavarepiskopos qrizostomoss, Cexoslovakiis eklesiis meTaurs _ doroTes,
poloneTis eklesiis meTaurs _ mitropolit vasils, amerikisa da kanadis
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurs _ mTavarepiskopos Teodosis, somxuri
eklesiis meTaurs _ patriarq-kaTolikos vazgen I-s. ruseTis eklesiis meTauris,
uwmides pimenisadmi mimarTul misalmebaSi man aRniSna: `rusuli eklesiis
aTaswlovani istoria _ es aris qristes jvris mtvirTelobis aTaswlovani
gza. es aris wmindanTa dasebi, es aris qristianuli siyvaruli, es aris brZola
WeSmariti rwmenisa da mamulisaTvis. es aris sulier faseulobaTa Seqmna da
zrunva maTi SenarCunebisaTvis~.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II yovelTvis pativiscemiT ixsenebda ruseTis
patriarqebs _ uwmides aleqsi I-sa da uwmides pimens. man 1990 wels patriarq
pimenis dakrZalvaze ase daaxasiaTa igi: `rodesac Cven uwmidesi patriarqis _
pimenis cxovrebas Soridan vuyurebT, vxedavT mxolod mis sidiades, gvaxsendeba
sadResaswaulo RvTismsaxurebani, wirva-locvani, magram ver vxedavT im mZime
gansacdelsa da devnas, romelic man gadaitana, ver vxedavT im Tavganwirul
msaxurebas, mis uZilo, locviT gaTenebul Rameebs, mis cremlebsa da tanjvas,
im mZime jvars, romelic mas Tavisi mxrebiT mihqonda~.
axladarCeul patriarq aleqsi II-s saqarTvelos eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelma
tradiciuli megobroba da urTierTTanamSromloba SesTavaza.
XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi bolSevikebis mier modernizebuli ruseTis
sabWoTa imperia _ sabWoTa kavSiri _ daiSala. es procesi yofili sabWoTa
respublikebisaTvis, maT Soris _ saqarTvelosaTvis, sakmaod mtkivneuli
aRmoCnda. ruseTis politikuri wreebis waqezebiTa da mxardaWeriT gaZlierda
separatistuli tendenciebi saqarTvelos istoriul miwa-wyalze, afxazeTsa da
38
cxinvalis regionSi. ruseTma faqtobrivad am teritoriebis aneqsia moaxdina.
ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesia Tavis bundovan gancxadebebSi TiTqos
gmobda Zaladobas, magram, samwuxarod, am yvelaferSi iribad qarTvelebs
adanaSaulebda. ruseTis patriarqma aleqsi II-m TbilisSi yofnisas Tavi arida
am problemebze msjelobas. cxum-afxazeTisa da cxinvalis eparqiebidan
separatistebis mier gamoZevebulia qarTveli samRvdeloeba da am dros
ruseTis eklesia, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gverdis avliT, cdilobs iq rusi
sasuliero pirebis damkvidrebas da amas amarTlebs mosaxleobis religiuri
moTxovnilebiT. iseT viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme, rom, rogorc ruseTis
saxelmwifo, aseve eklesia, sajarod aRiarebda saqarTvelos teritoriul
mTlianobas, saqarTvelos eklesiis teritoriul avtokefalias, magram
sinamdvileSi piriqiT iqcevian. am TvalsazrisiT rad Rirs Tundac is faqti,
rom cxinvalis separatistuli ukanono SeiaraRebuli formirebis aRlumze
monawileobda ruseTis eklesiis vladikavkazis eparqiis winamZRoli?
ruseTis `patriot mecnierTa~ wreebSi gaCnda mosazrebani axali
aTonis monastris ruseTis eklesiisaTvis dabrunebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb.
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, mkacrad gmobda yovelive amas. ruseTis
patriarq aleqsi II-sadmi gagzavnil werilSi igi aRniSnavda: `me miviRe
sakmaod ucnauri da gaugebari werili da aucileblad miviCnie, gamecno igi
TqvenTvis, miT umetes, rom igi ruseTisa da saqarTvelos avtokefaliuri
eklesiebis urTierTobebs exeba.... upirveles yovlisa, gvaocebs, ratom erevian
mecnierebi ori Zmuri avtokefaliuri eklesiis urTierTobaSi? vin misca maT
amis uflebamosileba? me ar vfiqrob, rom es Tqvengan miecaT. mtkiceba axali
aTonis monastris ruseTis eklesiisaTvis dabrunebisa im motiviT, rom igi rusi
ostatebis, rusi xalxisa da ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis xarjebiT
aSenda, arasworia. me SemiZlia mravali magaliTi moviyvano imis Taobaze, rom
bevri qarTuli taZari da Senoba moskovSi, peterburgsa Tu ruseTis sxva
qalaqebSi qarTveli mefeebisa da Tavadebis mier aris aSenebuli; Cven rom dRes
erTmaneTs msgavsi pretenziebi wavuyenoT, es ar Seuwyobs xels Cveni xalxebisa
da eklesiebis megobrobas... garda amisa, minda SegaxsenoT, rom rodesac 1943
wels ruseTis eklesiam aRiara saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis teritoriuli avtokefalia, saqarTveloSi arsebuli yvela rusuli
samwyso da monasteri saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqcias gadaeca~. patriarqma
aseve mkacrad dagmo vladikavkazisa da stavropolis mitropolit gedeonis
mcdeloba `samxreT oseTis xalxisaTvis sulieri daxmarebis aRmoCenis Sesaxeb~
da dasZina: `upirveles yovlisa, meufe gedeonma unda icodes, rom yofili
samxreT oseTis teritoria saqarTvelos uZvelesi teritoriaa, Tavisi
gancxadebiT igi mtrobas sTess ara mxolod qarTvelebsa da osebs, aramed
qarTvelebsa da rusebs Sorisac~.
39
samwuxarod, ruseTis eklesiam mkafio pasuxi ver gasca, Tu ratom xdeba
yovelive es, verc 1992 wlis oqtomberSi, rodesac ilia II-m mimarTa ruseTis
patriarq aleqsi II-s da sTxova, afxazeTSi datrialebuli sisxlisRvris
SesaCereblad Tavisi avtoriteti gamoeyenebina, da _ verc Semdgom.
am viTarebaSi ruseTis sapatriarqos mier saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqis miwveva moskovSi marTlmadidebeli enciklopediis me-13 tomis
prezentaciaze dasaswrebad, scildeboda enciklopediis prezentaciis farglebs.
viziti 2007 wlis martSi Sedga. mravalricxovani qarTuli delegacia, romelsac
patriarqi xelmZRvanelobda, fiqrobda, msjelobda, rogori Sedegebi eqneboda
am vizits. saqarTvelos patriarqma pirvelsave oficialur Sexvedraze mkafiod
ganacxada: `Cven CamovediT friad sapasuxismgeblo dros, rodesac ruseTsa da
saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobebi sagrZnoblad garTulda... vimedovnebT, rom
es urTierTobebi uaxloes momavalSi gaumjobesdeba da mivxvdebiT, rom mezobel
saxelmwifoebs Soris urTierTobebi unda iyos stabiluri da megobruli. Cven
erTmaneTs vWirdebiT. arsebobs SesaniSnavi brZnuli gamonaTqvami: diliT,
amomaval mzeze adre xedav mezobels... ruseTs unda sWirdebodes erTiani,
megobruli saqarTvelo~.
2008 wlis agvistoSi ruseT-saqarTvelos omis Semdeg, dekemberSi
gardaicvala ruseTis patriarqi aleqsi II. ilia II-m miiRo gadawyvetileba
moskovSi gamgzavrebis Sesaxeb, raTa ukanaskneli pativi miego ruseTis eklesiis
meTaurisaTvis. patriarqma aRniSna: `Cven SesaZlebelia Sexvedra gvqondes
ruseTis xelisuflebasTan. Cveni viziti aRemateba im misias, risTvisac ruseTSi
mivdivarT. me maT mTeli Cveni eris saxeliT minda vuTxra, rom qarTveli
verasodes Seurigdeba imas, rom afaxazeTi da cxinvali iyos saqarTvelos
gareSe~. ilia II moskovSi Sexvda ruseTis prezident dimitri medvedevs. Zneli
da rTuli iyo es Sexvedra, sasaubro Temebi, magram aucilebeli.
2009 wlis seqtemberSi ruseTis eklesiis wmida sinodma e. w. afxazeTis
eparqiis Txovnaze mieRo is ruseTis eklesiis iuridiqciaSi, oficialurad
uariT upasuxa da ganmarta, rom afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTze aRiarebs
saqarTvelos eklesiis kanonikur uflebas. ruseTis eklesiis aseTi pozicia
ganpirobebulia saqarTvelos patiriarqis pirovnuli avtoritetiTa da
moqnili, SorsmWvreteluri diplomatiis wyalobiT. 2008 wlis agvistos omis
Semdeg saqarTvelosa da ruseTis eklesiis axladarCeuli patriarqis kirilis
Sexvedra 2009 wlis noemberSi pirvelad baqoSi Sedga. ruseTis sapatriarqom
oficialur gancxadebaSi aRniSna: `ori patriarqi, rogorc Zveli megobari,
ise Sexvda erTmaneTs. Sexvedraze iTqva, rom or eklesias Soris arsebuli
megobroba, urTierTgageba imis sawindaria, rom droTa ganmavlobaSi Cvens
erebs da saxelmwifoebs Soris kvlav aRsdgeba urTierTobebi~.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia, misi meTauri
40
qveynis teritoriuli da eklesiuri mTlianobisaTvis brZolaSi Seuvalni
arian. amis dasturia 2010 wlis 21 dekembris saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis wmida sinodis gadawyvetileba, romlis Tanaxmadac, Seqmnili rTuli
viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rodesac afxazeTSi ver xerxdeba saqarTvelos
sapatriarqos iurisdiqciis ganxorcieleba da e. w. afxazeTis eklesia ruseTis
da sxva marTlmadidebel eklesiebs mimarTavs damoukidebel eklesiad
aRiarebis TxovniT, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma SeiTavsa
cxum-afxazeTis eparqia. amieridan saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
saWeTmpyroblis sruli titulatura aseTia: sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis
mitropoliti, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II. vercerTi marTlmadidebeli
eklesia ver ugulebelyofs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida
sinodis 2010 wlis 21 dekembris ganCinebas.
ruseTis sapatriarqo oficialurad aRiarebs saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis iurisdiqcias afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi,
Tumca arc separatistebis liderebis oficialur miRebebze ambobs uars.
gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ruseTis sapatriarqo did angariSs uwevs
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is
avtoritets da bolomde mainc ver axerxebs saqarTvelos eklesiis teritoriul
mTlianobaze uaris Tqmas.
2013 wlis 21 ianvars moskovis qriste macxovris saxelobis taZris
sakonferencio darbazSi uwmidessa da unetaress ilia II-s gadaeca saerTaSoriso
fondis premia. patriarqma kidev erTxel daafiqsira saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis pozicia ruseT-saqarTvelos rTul urTierTobebTan
dakavSirebiT. `me adrec araerTxel aRminiSnavs, rom urTierToba Cvens
qveynebs Soris SeiZleba normaluri iyos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu izeimebs
samarTlianoba da saqarTvelos daubrundeba misi ZirZveli teritoriebi _
afxazeTi da cxinvalis regioni, rac iqneba kavkasiaSi rTuli problemebis
gadaWris erT-erTi mTavari piroba... adre Tu gvian saqarTvelos teritoriuli
mTlianoba aRdgeba da rac ufro adre moxdeba es, miT ukeTesia yvelasaTvis~. igive
gaimeora patriarqma ruseTis prezident vladimer putinTan Sexvedris dros.
saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis, ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis
momavalze uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m isaubra 2013 wlis 23-29 ivliss
ruseTis gaqristianebis 1025 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil RonisZiebebze, romlebic
gaimarTa moskovSi, kievsa da minskSi ruseTis prezident vladimer putinTan,
moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarq kirilesTan, ukrainisa da belorusiis
prezidentebTan Sexvedrebis dros. rogorc uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia
II-m brZana: `Cven gvqonda Sexvedrebi ruseTis patriarqTan da ruseTis
prezidentTan. mTavaria, daiZras afxazeTidan da cxinvalis regionebidan
41
devnilebis mSobliur kuTxeebSi dabrunebis sakiTxi. Cven kategoriulad
moviTxovT, rom ltolvilebi unda dabrundnen Tavis ojaxebSi, Tavis saxlebSi.
ase rom, RvTis imediT varT vfiqrobT, rom yovelive kargad warimarTeba~.
samwuxarod ruseTis politikuri xelmZRvaneloba mxolod dapirebis reJimSi
muSaobs da praqtikulad ganagrZobs saqarTvelos teritoriebis erTi nawilis
okupacias. Tumca veraviTari xelovnuri gamyofi xazi ver Secvlis istorias.
saqarTvelo adre Tu gvian mainc daibrunebs Tavis istoriul teritoriebs.
uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis meTauri 1917-1918 wlebSi, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas
aniWebda konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqosTan urTierTobis
aRdgenas. 1811 wlis Semdeg, rodesac ruseTis imperatorma _ aleqsandre
I-ma gaauqma saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia, konstantinepolis msoflio
sapatriarqosTan gawyda mravalsaukunovani kavSiri. uwmidesi da unetaresi
kirion II msoflio patriarq germane V-s werilSi mokled mouTxrobda 1811-
1917 wlebis saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istorias
da acxadebda: `gulisxmavyof brZanebasa mociqulisasa Tanaxmad erTobisa
mas sulisasa sakvirvelisasa... siyvaruliT mogikiTxav, unetareso mamao, da
wrfeliTa guliTa giTxra: `qriste ars Cvens Soris~. Rvawli Cemda iqnebis
dacvai doRmatTa marTlmadideblobisaTa, romelTa arca gamcemel yofil
ars eklesiai Cveni, gzad Cemda iqmnebis zrunvai keTildgomisaTvis wmidaTa
RmerTisa eklesiaTa da keTili warmatebisaTvis erisa Cemis zRuded Cemda
iqmnebis kanoni~. konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqo, ruseTis eklesiis
gavleniT, XX saukunis 20-60-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samo-
ciqulo eklesiasTan urTierTobas erideboda. urTierTobis erTaderTi
SemTxveva ukavSirdeba 1928 wels, rodesac msoflio sapatriarqom sa-
qarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias axal stilze gadasvlis
gamo mxardaWera sTxova.
bolSevikuri mmarTvelobis xanaSi sxva marTlmadidebel avtokefaliur
eklesiebTan piradi kontaqtebi gaZnelebuli iyo. konstantinopolis
sapatriarqo sabWoTa kavSiris mier mtrulad Seracxili samxedro organizaciis,
`natos~ wevri qveynis _ TurqeTis teritoriaze mdebareobda da oficialuri
xelisufleba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias msoflio
sapatriarqosTan Tavisufal urTierTobas ukrZalavda. dRes xSirad kamaToben
imis Taobaze, Tu ramdenad iyo gamarTlebuli 1962 wels uwmidesi da unetaresi
efrem II-is Tanxmoba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
eklesiaTa msoflio sabWoSi gawevrianebis Sesaxeb. am organizaciis egidiT
mowyobil samSvidobo forumze saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis warmomadgenlebs miecaT saSualeba, msoflios marTlmadidebel
eklesiaTa meTaurebisaTvis mkafiod ganemartaT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
42
samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis mniSvneloba da moeTxovaT
maTgan am avtokefaliis aRiareba. 1963 wels Semoqmedeli episkoposi ilia
monawileobda kunZul rodosze gamarTul marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa
samSvidobo forumSi, romelzec saqarTvelos eklesia yvelaze axalgazrda
avtonomiur eklesiad gamoacxades. amas mohyva yovladusamRvdeloesi ilias
mwvave reaqcia. man ganumarta damswreT, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
eklesia aris uZvelesi samociqulo avtokefaliuri eklesia da moiTxovs
Sesabamis pativiscemas. rodosidan dabrunebulma episkoposma iliam vrcel
moxsenebiT baraTSi efrem II-s auxsna saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis irgvliv Seqmnili viTareba. uwmidesma da unetaresma
efrem II-m mas daavala, emuSava saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis avtokefaliis saerTaSoriso aRiarebisaTvis, mecnierebTan
TanamSromlobiT moeZia avtokefaliis istoriuli mtkicebulebani. daiwyo am
mimarTulebiT daZabuli muSaoba. 1970 wlis 2 marts efrem II-s samuSao dRiurSi
Cauweria: `konstantinepolis msoflio patriarqi Cvens eklesiasTan ar aris
keTilad ganwyobili, cnobilma viRacam (?) yurSi borotad CauCurCula, Cvens
patriarqobas ar scnobs... Cven Cvens gzas vagrZelebT~.
msoflio sapatriarqosTan saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis aRiarebis sakiTxebze intensiuri
molaparakebebi gagrZelda uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is locva-
kurTxeviT. 1978 wlis ivnisSi, patriarqis mowveviT, TbilisSi imyofeboda
msoflio sapatriarqos delegacia, romelsac xelmZRva-nelobda qalkedonis
mitropoliti melitoni. delegaciis SemadgenlobaSi iyvnen filadelfiis
mitropoliti barTolomeosi da SvedeTis mitropoliti pavle. saqarTvelos
sapatriarqoSi gaimarTa pirveli seriozuli molaparakeba saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRiarebis sakiTxebze.
imave dReebSi ilia II sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi Sexvda qarTvel mecnierebs,
romelTac sTxova, intensiurad emuSavaT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis istoriaze. patriarqma aRniSna, rom mosagvarebeli iyo
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRiarebis
sakiTxi. saWiro iyo, myari istoriuli mtkicebulebebis mqone sabuTebiT
daemtkicebinaT berZnuli sapatriarqoebisTvis, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis
meTauri V saukunidan kaTolikosis, xolo XI saukunidan _ kaTolikos-patriarqis
tituls flobda.
1979 wlis maisSi kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II Tanmxleb pirebTan erTad
stambulSi imyofeboda konstantinopolis msoflio patriarqis _ yovladuwmidesi
dimitriosis miwveviT. ̀ TiTqmis rvaasi welia, rac konstantinopolSi ar yofila
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, _ ganacxada uwmidesma da unetaresma _
bednieri var, rom wilad mxvda da RvTis locva-kurTxeviT Camovedi am qalaqSi,
43
romelic saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi iyo centri eklesiuri, kulturuli da
samecniero cxovrebisa da moRvaweobisa. Cveni eklesia mudam grZnobda, Tu
ra didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda da eniWeba msoflio sapatriarqos, is mudam
unda yofiliyo im Zalad, romelic daakavSirebda avtokefaliur eklesiebs~.
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi Sexvda msoflio sapatriarqos mmarTvel
mRvdelmTavrebs, gaimarTa azrTa gaziareba marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa
urTierTobis sakiTxebze. patriarqma Sexvedraze ganacxada: `rodesac werils
an milocvas gvigzavnis konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqo, sworad
ar aris moxsenebuli sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, ise
rogorc wodebulia V saukunidan... saeklesio forumebsa da konferenciebze
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia kanonierad unda ikavebdes
Tavis adgils... roca xdeba kuTvnili VI adgilis darRveva, es gavlenas axdens
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiaze da mis avtoritetze mTel msoflioSi...
Cven gvsurs, rom es sakiTxi erTxel da samudamod mowesrigdes... ar viTxov
axali ramis mocemas an damtkicebas, Cven gvinda aRvadginoT winandeli Cveni
mdgomareoba, romelic, samwuxarod, 1811 wels davkargeT~.
konstantinopolis sapatriarqos saxeliT gamosulma qalkedonis
mitropolitma melitonma aRuTqva saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis meTaurs, rom dasabuTebuli istoriuli masalebis gacnobis safuZvelze
es sakiTxebi dadebiTad gadaiWreboda.
daZabuli molaparakebebi 11 wlis ganmavlobaSi gagrZelda. saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia avtokefaliisa da diptixis sakiTxebSi
araviTar kompromisze ar midioda. 1982 wlis ivlisSi msoflio patriarq
yovladuwmides dimitriosisadmi gagzavnil werilSi, romelsac xels awerda
ilia II da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis
13 mRvdelmTavari, naTqvami iyo: `Tu konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqo
sadavod miiCnevs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis adgils
diptixSi, im SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gauWirdeba monawileoba
miiRos msoflio sapatriarqos mier mowyobil RonisZiebebSi~.
saqarTvelos sapatriarqom aseve gaaprotesta is faqti, rom 1981 wels
saberZneTisa da kviprosis eklesiebis mier Sedgenil kalendarSi saqarTvelos
eklesia istoriulad mis kuTvnil me-6 adgilze ar iyo moxseniebuli. patriarqs
moubodiSes, rom iZulebuli iyvnen daecvaT msoflio sapatriarqos mier
avtokefaliuri eklesiebisaTvis gankuTvnili rigiToba. patriarqma qarTvel
mecnierebTan konsultaciis Semdeg, msoflios marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis
meTaurebs daugzavna dasabuTebuli, istoriuli dokumentebiT gajerebuli
werilebi, romlebic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
istoriul avtokefaliasa da diptixSi marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris misi
kuTvnili me-6 adgilis kanonierebas amtkicebda. saqarTvelos patriarqma moZme
44
eklesiebisgan werilobiTi mxardaWera moiTxova. misi uwmidesobis moTxovnas
dadebiTad gamoexmaurnen moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqi uwmidesi
pimeni, praRisa da Cexoslovakiis mitropoliti doroTeosi, bulgareTis
uwmidesi patriarqi maqsime, aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis papi da
patriarqi uwmidesi nikoloz VI.
mravalmxriv sagulisxmo iyo ierusalimis patriarqis diodorosis pasuxi:
`Zmuri siyvaruliT miviReT CvenTvis Zalze sayvareli Tqveni uwmidesobisa
da unetaresobis werili, romelmac mogvagona da ukan mogvaxeda eklesiuri
faqtebisaken, gviCvena uZvelesi droidanve dadgenilad sruliad marTlmadidebel
eklesiaTa Soris saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriuli avtokefalia... dabejiTebiT
mogaxsenebT, rom adgilobriv marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa erTsulovnebiT
saqarTvelos mowamebrivma, magram, amave dros, didebulma sapatriarqom unda
miiRos Tavisi Sesabamisi adgili konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqos
diptixSi~. ilia II-s werils dauyovnebliv upasuxa msoflio patriarqmac: `miviRe
da Sesaferisi yuradRebiT gavecaniT Cveni wmida sinodis krebaze CvenTvis Zalze
sayvareli da sasurveli Tqveni unetaresobis da wmida sinodis Zmur werils,
romelic Seexeba wmida diptixSi Tqveni eklesiis adgils istoriuli da kanonieri
monacemebiT. gacnobebT, rom igi gansaxilvelad gadaegzavna sinodis sabWos~.
1988 wlis agvistoSi kaTolikos-patriarqis mowveviT TbilisSi CamobrZanda
konstantinopolis msoflio patriarqi uwmidesi dimitriosi, romelmac moiloca
qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi, xelovnebis muzeumSi daaTvaliera qarTuli
saeklesio siwmindeni. msoflio patriarqi gaaoca eklesia-monastrebSi mrevlis,
ZiriTadad axalgazrdobis, simravlem. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi wmida
sinodis wevrebTan da qarTvel mecnierebTan gaimarTa msjeloba saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis cnobisa da
marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa diptixSi VI adgilis dakavebis Sesaxeb. gadawyda,
aRniSnul sakiTxebze molaparakebebi gagrZelebuliyo.
1988-1989 wlebSi saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli
avtokefaliis aRiarebis sakiTxebze molaparakebebs awarmoebdnen mitropolitebi:
qrizosTomosi da damaskinosi. patriarqi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda
yvela sityvas, romelic aRiarebis teqstSi unda Sesuliyo. molaparakebebi iyo
rTuli, magram konstruqciuli. 1990 wlis 7 ianvars (Zv. st. 25 dekembers), sionis
sapatriarqo taZarSi wirvis damTavrebis Semdeg, mitropolitma qrizosTomosma
oficialurad gamoacxada msoflio sapatriarqos gadawyvetileba saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliisa da misi meTauris sapatriarqo
titulis aRiarebis Sesaxeb.
1990 wlis 4 marts saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
meTaurma konstantinopolSi msoflio patriarq dimitriosis xelmoweriT ori
sigeli miiRo:
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`1. saqarTvelos uwmidesi marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis
cnobisa da mtkicebis sigeli~, romlis Tanaxmadac msoflio sapatriarqom miiRo
gadawyvetileba ̀ cnos da daamtkicos saqarTvelos wmida eklesiis avtokefalia
da damoukidebeli struqtura~.
2. konstantinopolis mTavarepiskoposis, axlisa romisa da msoflio
patriarqis _ dimitriosis _ ganCinebiT, saqarTvelos uwmidesi eklesia
pativdebuli iqna sapatriarqo RirsebiTa da adgiliT, rogorc adridanve
ixsenieboda uZveles qronikebsa da sxva saeklesio wyaroebSi. patriarqis
titulia: `mTavarepiskoposi mcxeTa-Tbilisisa da kaTolikos-patriarqi
sruliad saqarTveloisa~.
saqarTvelos patriarqma guliTadi madloba moaxsena msoflio
sapatriarqos istoriuli samarTlianobis aRdgenisaTvis da gamoTqva rwmena,
rom diptixis sakiTxic aseve samarTlianad gadawydeboda.
saqarTvelo mouTmenlad eloda misi uwmidesobis samSobloSi dabrunebas.
erTi weli sruldeboda 1989 wlis 9 aprilis tragediis sisxliani dReebidan,
erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba mkafiod ayenebda saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis sakiTxs. rogorc 1917 wlis
12 (25) marts saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena win
uswrebda saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis gamocxadebas, ise moxda 73 wlis
Semdegac. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli
avtokefaliis cnobis sigelebiT xeldamSvenebuli sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi dabrunda samSobloSi. Tbilisis aeroportidan
sapatriarqo rezidenciamde bednierebisagan acremlebuli, erT muStad
Sekruli qarTveloba acilebda Tavis Rirseul sulier winamZRols. 28 marts
sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi warmoTqmul sityvaSi uwmidesma da unetaresma
qarTvel ers kidev erTxel miuloca es istoriuli dRe da brZana: `amjerad
xelT gvaqvs is sabuTebi, romelTac saqarTvelo 1500 wlis manZilze eloda...
isini imdenad didi mniSvnelobis sabuTebia, rom verasdros, RvTis wyalobiT da
RvTis locva-kurTxeviT, veravin veRar Seaxebs xels saqarTvelos eklesias~.
sxva rom araferi gaekeTebina mis uwmidesobas, mis saxels mxolod es erTi
saqmec ukvdavhyofda.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia msoflio
sapatriarqosTan urTierTobas yovelTvis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas
aniWebda. 1991 wlis 29 aprils TurqeTis xelisuflebam stambolis meris
moadgilis meSveobiT gamoiZaxa msoflio patriarqi yovladuwmidesi dimitriosi
da mouwyo dakiTxva. TurqeTis xelisufleba XV saukunidan ar scnobs msoflio
sapatriarqos da konstantinopolis msoflio patriarqebs adgilobrivi
berZnuli Temis eklesiis meTaurebs uwodebs. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqma TurqeTis prezident Turgut ozalisadmi gagzavnil werilSi
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xma aRimaRla msoflio sapatriarqos pativisa da Rirsebis dasacavad, dagmo
msoflio patriarqis dakiTxvis faqti da gamoTqva rwmena, rom msgavsi incidenti
ar ganmeordeboda. uwmidesma da unetaresma gaamxneva msoflio patriarqi.
`saqarTvelos sapatriarqo mudam TqvenTan iqneba~, _ ganucxada mas ilia II-m.
es moxda im dros, rodesac demokratiuli msoflios religiur konfensiaTa
liderebi TurqeTis xelisuflebis ganawyenebas moeridnen da Seqmnil viTarebaSi
dumili amjobines. Tavis mxriv, msoflio sapatriarqom mkacrad dagmo ruseTis
imperiuli politika afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi da mouwoda ruseTis
sapatriarqos, Tavi Seikavos religiuri separatizmis mxardaWerisgan.
1994 wlis maisSi konstantinopolis msoflio patriarqi yovladuwmidesi
barTolomeos I patriarqis rangSi pirvelad ewvia saqarTvelos. qveyanaSi
Seqmnili rTuli socialur-politikuri viTarebis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiam Rirseuli maspinZloba gauwia mas. 2003 wlis seqtemberSi
msoflio patriarqi barTolomeos I kvlav stumrobda saqarTvelos. man
imogzaura quTais-gaenaTis, xonis, baTumisa da sxalTis eparqiebSi. moiloca
qarTuli siwmideebi. samebis mSenebare sakaTedro taZris daTvalierebis
Semdeg barTolomeos I-ma ganacxada: `es taZari iqneba didi warmateba Tqveni
kaTolikos-patriarqisa, romelsac bevri ram aqvs gakeTebuli, magram es iqneba
gvirgvini misi moRvaweobisa~ patriarqma barTolomeosma aRniSna, rom `rac
ufro meti problemebis winaSe dgas saqarTvelo, miT ufro metad izrdeba
xalxis rwmena da maTi mxurvale damokidebuleba marTlmadideblobisadmi. es
imas niSnavs, rom qarTveli xalxi problemebTan SesabrZoleblad Zalas iRebs
Semoqmedi RmerTisgan~.
msoflio patriarqis miwveviT, uwmidesi da unetaresi araerTxel
Cavida konstantinepolSi, ewvia istoriul kabadokias, moiloca istoriuli
saqarTvelos _ tao-klarjeTis _ eklesia-monastrebi, gaamxneva TurqeTis
respublikaSi mcxovrebi Cveni Tanamemamuleebi.
2011 wlis seqtemberSi TurqeTis respublikis premier-ministrma erdoRanma
gaakeTa gancxadeba TurqeTSi sxvadasxva religiuri organizaciisaTvis
sakuTrebis dabrunebis SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb. saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqma uwmidesma imave wlis 26 seqtembers sagangebo weriliT mimarTa
TurqeTis premier-ministrs: `Tqveno aRmatebulebav, mogesalmebiT Rrma
pativiscemiT da mogmarTavT CvenTvis mniSvnelovani erTi sakiTxis gamo.
damoukidebeli saqarTvelos respublikis (1918-1921 w.w.) aneqsiis Semdeg
saqarTvelos ar hqonda saSualeba Tavisi suverenuli uflebebisa da
erovnuli interesebis dacvisa. am periodSi sastikad idevneboda saqarTvelos
avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesia, dapatimrebuli iyo misi mmarTveli
kaTolikos-patriarqi da episkoposebi. amitomacaa, rom 1930 wels, rodesac
saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebiT da TurqeTis saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobiT
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ganisazRvra ramdenime denominaciis statusi, maT Soris saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesia ver moxvda. eklesiaSi represiebi sabWoTa kavSiris
reJimis Semdgom periodSic grZeldeboda. igi moklebuli iyo saSualebas,
daecva sakuTari interesebi rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise, miTumetes, mis
farglebs gareT. arada sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom dRevandeli TurqeTis
teritoriaze araerTi uZvelesi eklesia-monasteria, romelic yovelTvis
iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis kanonikur iurisdiqciaSi. amJamad ki titulovani
episkoposebis daqvemdebarebaSi Sedis. es eklesia-monastrebi ar SeiZleba iyos
arc konstantinopolis sapatriarqosi, arc somxuri da arc romelime sxva
eklesiisa, radgan yvela niSniT es aris qarTuli kulturis Zeglebi. gTxovT,
uaxloes periodSi ganixiloTYCveni eklesiis samarTliani Txovna, TurqeTis
teritoriaze iuridiuli statusisa da eklesia-monastrebis sakuTrebis Sesaxeb.
Tqveni gancxadebebi da gansakuTrebiT bolo periodSi gadadgmuli nabijebi
erovnuli umciresobebis uflebebis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT gvaZlevs imeds,
rom Cveni sakiTxic dadebiTad gadawydeba~.
patriarqi 2011 wlis oqtomberSi stumrobda TurqeTis respublikas.
istoriul konstantinopolSi Sexvda msoflio patriarqs barTlomeos I-s,
monawileobda misi intronizaciis 20 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil sadResaswaulo
RonisZiebebSi. ori uZvelesi eklesiis meTaurma imsjela marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis winaSe arsebuli problemebis Sesaxeb. ilia II-m gamoTqva imedi, rom
TurqeTis teritoriaze arsebuli qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi daubrundeba
istoriul patrons, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias. moxdeba
dazianebuli eklesia-monastrebis aRdgena.
2013 wlis ianvarSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mcxeTa-
Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposis biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitis
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is dabadebis 80 da patriarqad aRsaydrebidan
35 wlisTavis saiubileo RonisZiebebSi monawileobis misaRebad Tbiliss estumra
msoflio patriarqi, yovladuwmidesi barTolomeosi, romelmac kidev erTxel
daadastura msoflio sapatriarqos pativiscema da siyvaruli saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis mimarT, Tbilisis aeroportSi
Jurnalistebs man ganucxada: `Tan CamovitaneT Zmuri locvebi da molocvebi
konstantinopolis eklesiisa da msoflio sapatriarqosi, romelsac uZvelesi
droidan rwmenisa da siyvarulis mdidari urTierToba akavSirebs saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan. siyvaruli da TanamSromloba, romelic Cvens
eklesiebs Soris arsebobs, aris is erTaderTi stimuli, romelic am Cveni
vizitis mizezi gaxda~ _ ganacxada yovladuwmidesma barTolomeos I-ma.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis cxum-afxazeTis eparqias iq
Seqmnili rTuli viTarebis gamo xelmZRvanelobs sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II. amJamad afxazeTis teritoria okupirebulia,
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saidanac gamodevnilia 700 000-ze meti ojaxi. qarTvel sasuliero pirebs
afxazeTis teritoriaze Sesvlis saSualeba ar aqvT. separatista erTma
jgufma, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs arqimandriti doroTei dbari, msoflio
sapatriarqos mimarTa oficialuri weriliT, romelSic araobieqturad iyo
warmoCenili cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis istoria, rom TiTqos cxum-afxazeTis
teritoriaze istoriulad arsebobda afxazTa sakaTalikoso, romelic
saqarTvelos eklesiisagan damoukideblad funqcionirebda. doroTei dbari
mouwodebda msoflio sapatriarqos eRiarebina afxazeTis damoukidebeli
eklesia. msoflio sapatriarqom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan
molaparakebis Semdeg kidev erTxel ganmarta, rom is aRiarebs saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis teritoriul avtokefalias. am
sakiTxebze msjeloba msoflio sapatriarqosTan gagrZelda 2013 wlis maisSi
stambulSi, sadac gaimarTa uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is Sexvedra yovladuwmides barTolomeos I-Tan.
patriarqma TbilisSi dabrunebisTanave aseTi gancxadeba gaakeTa: `Cven viyaviT
miwveuli konstantinopolSi. iq Sesrulda erToblivi wirva, gvqonda Sexvedra
msoflio patriarqTan barTolomeos I-Tan, ganvixileT sxvadasxva sakiTxebi da
yvelaferSi erTsulovneba gamovlinda. madlobeli var msoflio patriarqis
mxardaWerisaTvis. man ramdenjerme gaimeora, rom konstantinopoli cnobs
saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqcias afxazeTSi~.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis delegaciam,
romelsac xelmZRvanelobda uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II 2014 wlis 5-9 marts monawileoba miiRo
panorTodoqsul Sekrebaze, romelic gaimarTa konstantinopolis msoflio
sapatriarqoSi. Sekrebaze ganxilul iqna Semdegi sakiTxebi: 1. marTlmadidebluri
diaspora: saxelmwifo sazRvrebs gareT arsebuli marTlmadidebluri
iurisdiqciis gansazRvris sakiTxi. 2. eklesiis avtokefaliis statusis aRiarebis
procedurebi. 3. eklesiis avtonomiis statusis aRiarebis procedurebi. 4.
diptiqi: marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis kanonikuri urTierTaRiarebis wesebi.
5. dResaswaulebis aRniSvnis saerTo saeklesio kalendari. 6. qorwinebis
saidumlos aRsrulebis wesebi da SezRudvebi. 7. marxvis sakiTxi Tanamedrove
msoflioSi. 8. kavSiri sxva qristianul konfesiebTan. 9. ekumenuri moZraoba. 10.
marTlmadidebeli qristianobis wvlili mSvidobis, Zmobisa da Tavisuflebis
qristianuli idealebis damyarebis saqmeSi. Sekrebaze warmodgenili iyvnen
konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, ierusalimis, moskovis, serbeTis, rumineTis,
bulgareTis, kviprosis, aTenis, praRis, albaneTis eklesiis meTaurebi. miRebul
iqna gadawyvetileba momavali panorTodoqsuli kreba gaimarTos 2016 wels.
Sekrebaze sityva warmoTqva uwmidesma da unetaresma sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqma ilia II-m: `Tqveno yovladuwmidesobav, msoflio
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patriarqo barTolomeos, uwmindesno da unetaresno, qristesmier sayvarelno
Zmano, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis saxeliT guliTadad mogesalmebiT
marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa meTaurebsa da warmomadgenlebs da aRvniSnav, rom
Cveni dRevandeli Sexvedra metad mniSvnelovania, radganac man unda ganixilos
sakiTxebi, romlebic momavali didi krebis warmatebiT Catarebis winapirobad
unda iqces.
ra Tqma unda, gasaTvaliswinebelia is SiSi, romelic arsebobs mrevlis
did nawilSi am saeklesio krebasTan dakavSirebiT da maqsimaluri sifrTxiliTa
da pasuxismgeblobiT unda movekidoT mis momzadebas. Tumca xazgasmiT unda
aRiniSnos, rom msoflio krebebis mowveva xdeboda mwvaleblobisagan eklesiis
dacvis da WeSmariti swavlebis ganmtkicebis mizniT. es kreba ki sxva saxisaa,
misi mowvevis safuZveli da mizezi sul sxva aris.
didi krebis mizania, saerTaSoriso sazogadoebas aCvenos marTlmadidebelTa
erToba. amitomac aucilebel pirobad migvaCnia, es Sekreba Catardes mxolod
mas Semdeg, roca moxdeba dRis wesrigSi arsebul yvela sakiTxze konsensusis
miRweva da yvelas interesis gaTvaliswineba. amasTan, konsensusis wesiT
unda warimarTos mTavari Sexvedrac. es aris realuri garantia imisa, rom
aRniSnuli kreba ar iqces eklesiaTa Soris urTierTobis daZabvis mizezad da
damabrkoleblad msoflios winaSe.
veTanxmebiT im azrs, rom saWiroa ukve gavlili da SeTanxmebuli Temebis
nawilis xelaxla ganxilvac, raTa, Tanamedrove mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT,
kidev erTxel davafiqsiroT Cveni pozicia. amasTan, aTive sakiTxi, rac SemuSavda
mosamzadebel Sexvedrebze da romelTa Sesaxebac gadawyvetileba iqna miRebuli
1968 wels JenevaSi gamarTul sxdomaze, momavali krebis dRis wesrigSi unda
Sevides.
minda aRvniSno uSualod saqarTvelos eklesiasTan dakavSirebuli Temebis
Sesaxebac: friad vwuxvarT imis gamo, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias
jer kidev Tavisi kuTvnili adgili ar ukavia konstantinopolis eklesiis
diptiqSi. Tu es ar gamoswordeba da yvela Tema ar iqneba Setanili momavali
krebis gansaxilvel sakiTxTa dRis wesrigSi, CvenTvis masSi monawileobis miReba
Zalian rTuli iqneba.
mogexsenebaT isic, rom Cveni qveynis teritoriuli mTlianoba darRveulia
da afxazeTi da cxinvalis regioni aris Ria Wrilobebi saqarTvelos sxeulze.
irRveva saeklesio kanonikuri normebic, rodesac sxvadasxva eklesiis
warmomadgenlebi CvenTan SeuTanxmeblad da Cveni nebarTvis gareSe Cadian
afxazeTis eparqiaSi, romelic, cxinvalis regionTan erTad, saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis iurisdiqciis ganuyofeli nawilia. me ar SemiZlia
Tqven winaSe ar davafiqsiro is faqti, rom saqarTvelos am orive eparqiidan
370000-ze meti devnili da iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piria, romlebic dRes
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Zalian mZime gamowvevebis winaSe imyofebian; problemuria adgilze darCenilTa
mdgomareobac.
dabolos, aRvniSnav, rom oc welze metia Cvens qveyanaSi rTuli viTarebaa,
ZmaTaSoris dapirispirebis mZime Sedegebi sakuTar Tavze gvaqvs gamocdili,
amitomac mtkivneulad ganvicdiT dRes siriasa da ukrainaSi mimdinare movlenebs
da vloculobT, rom mSvidobam daisadguros am qveynebSi.
kidev erTxel mogesalmebiT yvelas da SevTxov ufals, Cveni 6-9 martis
Tavyriloba imedis momcemi da nayofieri iyos~.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiisa da aleqsandriis sapatriarqos
urTierTobebi 1917-1970-ian wlebSi mxolod saaxalwlo, saaRdgomo da saSobao
milocvebiT Semoifargleboda. aleqsandriis uZveles eklesiasTan saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis daaxloebis procesi daiwyo 1976
wlidan, rodesac aleqsandriis papi da patriarqi nikoloz VI soxumSi Sexvda
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis sagareo ganyofilebis
Tavmjdomares, cxum-afxazeTis mitropolit ilias. mitropolitma iliam
didi STabeWdileba moaxdina aleqsandriis patriarqze. 1981 wlis ivlisSi
aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis papi da patriarqi oficialuri vizitiT
estumra saqarTvelos. uwmidesma da unetaresma aleqsandriis patriarqTan
erTad moiloca saqarTvelos moqmedi eklesia-monastrebi. uwmidesi nikoloz
VI saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTaurs dahpirda
mxardaWeras saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis aRiarebis saqmeSi.
im dros, rodesac qarTveli swavlulebisaTvis sazRvargareTul qarTul
samonastro centrebSi muSaoba auxdeneli ocneba iyo, aleqsandriis patriarqma
ganacxda: ̀ didi siamovnebiT miviReb Tqven mier movlinebul qarTvel mecnierebs,
romlebic aleqsandriisa da kairos samonastro biblioTekebSi dacul qarTul
xelnawerebs Seiswavlian da maT fotopirebs gadaiReben~.
darbazobaze unetaresma nikoloz VI-m ganacxada: `kaTolikos-patriarq
ilia II-is saxe saSualebas maZlevs vTqva, rom dRes saqarTvelos eklesiaSi
batonobs sibrZne, siyvaruli da Zliereba. igi Zalze energiulad uZRveba
eklesiis saWes da RvTis Svilebi uflis mier dakanonebuli gziT mihyavs~.
1984 wlis maisSi uwmidesi oficialuri vizitiT estumra aleqsandriis
sapatriarqos, daaTvaliera adgilobrivi siwmideni, moiloca wmida ekaterines
monasteri sinas mTaze, daaTvaliera monastris unikaluri biblioTeka, sadac
qarTuli xelnaweri wignebic aris daculi. ilia II-m madloba gadauxada
aleqsandriis patriarqs da aRniSna: `Cvens xalxebs didi niWi mohmadla ufalma,
amitomac ufro mZime iyo da aris jvari Cveni erebisa; TiTqos saqristianos
sazRvrebis darajad daadgina ufalma isini, amitomac arian umetesad gvemulni
da jvarcmulni, magram, RvTis SewevniT, kvlavac mkvdreTiT aRmdgarni da
amaRlebulni~.
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aleqsandriis uZveles sapatriarqosa da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel
samociqulo eklesias Soris guliTadi, megobruli urTierToba damyarda.
aleqsandriis papma da patriarqma nikoloz VI-m gansakuTrebiT Seiyvara
saqarTvelo. 1981 wlidan moyolebuli igi yovel zafxuls Camodioda
saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelosaken misi aseTi ltolva axlobelTa gaocebasac
iwvevda. ilia II qarTuli stumar-maspinZlobis wesis dacviT xvdeboda sasurvel
stumars. nikoloz VI-is poziciam gadamwyveti roli Seasrula saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis aRiarebis
saqmeSi. 1984 wlis zafxulSi nikoloz VI-m am sityvebiT mimarTa qarTvel mrevls:
_ me albaT, metad veRar SegvxvdebiT, magram locvebiT mudam TqvenTan viqnebi.
aleqsandriis papi da patriarqi nikoloz VI 1984 wlis 9 ivliss gardaicvala.
misi saqme ganagrZes unetaresma parTeniosma da petre VII-m.
2008 wlis 28 ivliss uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is mowveviT saqarTveloSi CamobrZanda
aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis patriarqi unetaresi Teodore II.
aleqsandriis eklesiis meTaurma moiloca mcxeTa, Sio mRvime, stefanwminda,
gergeTis sameba. aleqsandriis eklesiis meTaurTan Sexvedris dros uwmidesma
da unetaresma ilia II-m brZana: `saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi Cvens or eklesiasa
da sapatriarqos Soris iyo Zmoba da megobroba. minda gansakuTrebiT aRvniSno
Cveni gulTbili urTierToba, romelic daiwyo misi unetaresobis nikoloz VI-is
dros da tradiciad iqca mis Semdgomac. axla Cven winaSe devs qva, romelic dRes
aq sagangebod gamovatanine. es aris saCuqari nikoloz VI-isa, romelic maSin man
misaxsovra, roca jer kidev cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti viyavi. maxsendeba is
bednieri dRe, roca gavicani misi unetaresoba nikoloz VI. imJamad igi soWSi
isvenebda. moulodnelad damirekes da miTxres, rom unetares nikoloz VI-s surs
soxumSi Camosvla da Tqveni taZrebis molocvao. maSinve davukavSirdi sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs, mis uwmidesobasa da unetaresobas daviT
V-s, magram man avadmyofobis gamo ver SeZlo soxumSi Camosvla da me damakisra
misi unetaresobis nikoloz VI-is daxvedra da maspinZloba. es iyo saocari
Sexvedra. mTeli soxumi xvdeboda mis unetaresobas da me vxedavdi, ramdenad
axarebda mas aseTi gulTbili daxvedra. igi cremls ver ikavebda. Cawerili maqvs
da inaxeba Cvens arqivSi masTan Sexvedrebi, misi sityvebi. unetaresi nikolozi
imdenad gaxarebuli iyo Cveni SexvedriT, rom gamoTqva survili, masTan erTad
gavmgzavrebuliyavi soWSi. ase ganacxada: im SemTxvevaSi davbrundebi soWSi, Tu
cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitic CvenTan erTad wamovao. da Cvenc, misi TxovniT,
soWSi gavemgzavreT da iq vimyofebodi manam, sanam igi samSobloSi ar dabrunda.
ai, ase daiwyo Cveni gansakuTrebuli megobroba, megobroba aleqsandriisa da
saqarTvelos sapatriarqoebs Soris. maxsendeba kidev erTi, metad mniSvnelovani
faqti. unetaresi nikolozi yazbegSi mivipatiJe, mindoda meCvenebina Cemi
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mSobliuri mxare. CavediT darialis xeobaSi, mivediT qveynis sazRvarze (es
jer kidev sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobis xanaSi iyo) da iq vTxove mas, daeloca
saqarTvelos sazRvrebi. man Cemi Txovna Seasrula da Tqva: am sazRvrebs veravin
daarRvevs, imitom rom mravali wminda mowame hyavs saqarTvelos caTa Sina
da isini icaven Tqvens qveyanaso. imis Semdeg TiTqmis yovel wels Camodioda
saqarTveloSi misi unetaresoba nikolozi da ambobda, rom amgvarad igi
agrZelebda mociqulebriv samsaxurs.
me dRes vTxove mis unetaresobas, papsa da patriarqs aleqsandriisa da
sruliad afrikisa _ Teodores, rom manac gaagrZelos Tavisi mociqulebrivi
samsaxuri da xSirad gvestumros xolme saqarTveloSi. imedi maqvs, rom misi
unetaresoba Seasrulebs Cvens Txovnas~.
saqarTvelos patriarqis mizani iyo yvela marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan
Zmuri, megobruli urTierTobis damyareba, magram mTavari mainc pirveli oTxi
sapatriarqo iyo: konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiisa da ierusalimis.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia uZvelesi droidanve mWidrod iyo
dakavSirebuli ierusalimisa da antioqiis eklesiebTan. V saukuneSi palestinaSi
moRvaweobda petre qarTveli, romelmac daaarsa qarTuli monasteri. aqedan
moyolebuli XIX saukunemde qarTvelebi mravlad iyvnen wmida miwaze arsebul
qarTul monastrebSi. vaxtang gorgaslis dros ukve aSenda didi monasteri,
romelic XI saukunis 30-50-ian wlebSi ganuaxlebia jvris monastris saxeliT
giorgi _ proxore qarTvels. XIV saukuneSi qarTvelebi golgoTas flobdnen
da macxovris saflavis kliteni qarTvelTa sakuTreba iyo. istoriulma
qartexilebma ierusalimSi qarTvelebis poziciebi Seasusta, gansakuTrebiT
_ XIX saukuneSi, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis ruseTis eklesiis
daqvemdebarebaSi yofnis dros. ierusalimis sapatriarqosTan urTierTobis
aRdgenis yoveli mcdeloba saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis mxridan XX
saukunis 20-60-ian wlebSi uSedego aRmoCnda. mxolod 1977 wlis Semdeg daiwyo
ierusalimis sapatriarqosTan intensiuri molaparakebebi. 1980 wlis 29 maisidan
5 ivnisamde saqarTvelos patriarqi ierusalimis patriarqis, benediqte I-is
miwveviT ierusalimSi imyofeboda. mTeli msoflio gaaoca im faqtma, rom
qarTvel patriarqs aRtacebis SeZaxilebiTa da cremlebiT Sexvdnen qarTveli
ebraelebi, romlebic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurisa da,
misi saxiT, sruliad saqarTvelos mimarT udides siyvarulsa da pativiscemas
gamoxatavdnen. israelis religiis saqmeTa ministrma uwmidesTan Sexvedraze
ganacxada: _ verc erTi qveyana ver Seedreba saqarTvelos ebraelebTan Tbili,
megobruli urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT. saukuneTa manZilze am urTierTobebSi
ar yofila araviTari gaugebroba. madloba Tqven amisaTvis.
am oficialur Sexvedraze pirvelad daisva jvris monastris dabrunebis
sakiTxi. ierusalimis patriarq benediqtesTan Sexvedraze ilia II-m ganacxada:
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`Cveni Camosvlis mizania, aRdges is Zveli, tradiciuli urTierTobani,
rac gvqonda adre. warsulSi Cveni qveynebis avbediTobam Sewyvita es Zmuri
urTierToba da dRes ki, vfiqrob, dadga dro ierusalimis eklesiam Seasrulos
is didi misia, rac deda eklesias ekuTvnis~. 300 wlis Semdeg es iyo pirveli
SemTxveva, rodesac wmida qalaq ierusalims saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis meTauri estumra.
1981 wlis seqtemberSi saqarTveloSi oficialuri vizitiT imyofeboda
wmidisa qalaqisa ierusalimis patriarqi unetaresi diodoros I, romelmac
ganacxada, rom `es Sexvedra iyo istoriuli imitom, rom pirvelad didi
xnis Semdeg Cven, ori eklesiis mamamTavrebs kvlav mogveca erToblivi
Tanamwirvelobis SesaZlebloba~.
qarTvelologiisaTvis didi didi mniSvneloba hqonda ierusalimis
patriarqis dapirebas, rom igi xelnawerTa instituts miawvdida jvris
monasterSi daculi im qarTuli xelnawerebis mikrofilmebs, romlebic aqamde
ar iyo Seswavlili. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasa da
ierusalimis sapatriarqos Soris aRdga istoriuli urTierTobani.
1987 wlis oqtomberSi uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II kvlav estumra wmida
qalaq ierusalims. am vizitis dros msofliom TvalnaTliv dainaxa qarTveli
eris tolerantobisa da sxva erebisadmi sanimuSo pativiscemis nayofi.
qarTveli ebraelebi kvlav didi siyvaruliT Seegebnen sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqs _ didi xnis win Tbilisidan, quTaisidan, zestafonidan,
onidan, kulaSidan wasuli ebraelebi modiodnen SvilebiT, SviliSvilebiT
da aRtacebulni ovaciebs umarTavdnen uwmidessa da unetaress. ierusalimis
mTavarma Jurnalma statiaSi _ `saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia
II-is piligrimoba ierusalimSi~ _ ase daaxasiaTa saqarTvelos eklesiis
saWeTmyrobeli: ̀ kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II aris gulRia, dinamiuri pirovneba.
man saqarTvelos uZvelesi eklesia, Tbilisi, rogorc sabWoTa kavSiris erT-
erTi respublikis centri, Zveli mcxeTa, rogorc sasuliero dedaqalaqi,
axali ayvavebis gziT waiyvana. aRsrulda patriarqis survili, ierusalimSi
ukve qarTveli berebi da monazvnebi arian. RvTis SewevniT wmida miwaze
qarTvelebs aqvT adgili, sadac aSendeba monasteri. marTalia, jvris monasteri
jerjerobiT isev berZnebis xelSia, magram RvTis SewevniT daubrundeba mis
kanonier mflobels~. 1997 wlidan aRdgomis kviraSi qarTveli momlocvelebi
ierusalimidan moabrZaneben RvTaebriv cecxls, romelic Semdeg patriarqis
kurTxeviT ganefineba sruliad saqarTveloSi. 2000 wels qristeSobis did
dResaswaulze saqarTvelos patriarqi mravalricxovan mrevlTan erTad kvlav
CabrZanda ierusalimSi.
2012 wlis TebervalSi uwmidesi da unetaresi oficialuri vizitiT
imyofeboda wmida miwaze. vizitis farglebSi igi Sexvda ierusalimis patriarqs
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unetares Teofiles, moiloca macxovris saflavi. uwmidesisa da unetaresis
locva-kurTxeviT Tbilisis feriscvalebis monastris monazvnebma moamzades
5 metri sigrZisa da 3,6 metri siganis oqromkerdiT naqargi gadasafarebeli,
romelzedac gamosaxulia sicocxlis xe ebraeli eris 12 StoTi. SuaSi
gvirgvins aqvs warwera daviTis fsalmunidan: `ufalma mwysos eri Tvisi,
ufalma akurTxos eri Tvisi mSvidobiT~. es gadasafarebeli miarTves wm. mefe
daviTis saflavs. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II Sexvda israelis prezidents
Simon peress, palestinis prezidents mahmud abass, iordaniis mefes, israelSi
mcxovreb qarTvel ebraelebs; uwmidesma da unetaresma moiloca qarTvelTa
jvris monasteri. patriarqi Cavida mdinare iordaneSi. 26 Tebervals samebis
sakaTedro taZarSi wirvis Semdeg ilia II-m Seajama wmida miwaze vizitis Sedegebi
da aRniSna: ̀ wmida miwaze aris udidesi siwmide, magram isic icodeT, rom, amasTan
erTad, aseve aris didi brZolebic. keTili da boroti gansakuTrebiT wmida
miwaze ibrZvis. Cven, garda amisa, rom moviloceT siwmideebi, aseve gvqonda
ramdenime Sexvedrac. upirveles yovlisa, viyaviT macxovris yovladwmida
saflavze. es momlocveloba iyo Cemi meoTxed Casvla wmida miwaze da minda
giTxraT, rom verc erTi wina mogzauroba ver Seedreboda amas. ufali Zalian
axlos iyo saqarTvelosTan da me es SevigrZeni, magram amasTan erTad aseve
vigrZeni, ramdenad uRirsi varT yvelani, mTeli saqarTvelo, piradad me da
ramdenad didia mowyaleba uflisa. Cven sxva araferi SegveZlo da SevTxoveT
ufals, rom mudam CvenTan iyos, rogorc brZanebs daviT winaswarmetyveli:
`ufalo, Seni var, macxovne me!~ Sen ici, ufalo, ra gzebiT unda mataro, rom
macxovno me! Cven saqarTvelodan Sesawirad waviReT gadasafarebeli wmida mefe
daviT winaswarmetyvelis saflavisaTvis. es iyo raRac saocari zeimi, iseTi
grZnoba dagveufla, TiTqos daviT mefec iRebda monawileobas am zeimSi da
daviT mefem Seiwira Cveni ZRveni, rogorc udidesi saCuqari. saocreba iyo
mdinare iordaneSi Casvla. ufali idga Cven Soris da Cven SevediT da veziareT
am madlsa da wyalobas. saocari iyo aseve Cveni Sesvla ierusalimis jvris
monasterSi... Cven, qarTveli morwmuneni, imdeni viyaviT, rom xalxs ver itevda
monasteri. `qriste aRsdga~, _ vgalobdiT qarTvelebi. amis Semyure iq myofni
gaocebulni iyvnen. es iyo SeerTeba cisa da qveynisa! WeSmaritad iq gamTlianda
ca da qveyana~.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiisaTvis
didmniSvnelovani movlena iyo antioqiis sapatriarqosTan istoriuli
urTierTobis aRdgena. saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad
gamocxadebis Semdeg (IV-V s.s.). qarTuli samwyso antioqiis sapatriarqos
iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda. antioqiis patriarqebs Sua saukuneebSi pretenzia
hqondaT qarTul samwysoze, magram XI saukunis 50-ian wlebSi giorgi
mTawmindelis dasabuTebuli pasuxis Semdeg, romelmac antioqiis patriarqs
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Seaxsena saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis samociqulo warmomavloba,
pretenziebi Sewyda. XV-XIX saukuneebSi, mahmadianTa mZlavrobis xanaSi, antioqiis
sapatriarqo, romelic bizantiis imperiaSi Sedioda, umZimes viTarebaSi
aRmoCnda, Tumca sapatriarqom moaxerxa Tavis gadarCena da aRmosavleTis
(siria, libani) qristianuli centris funqcia SeinarCuna. marTlmadidebel
eklesiaTa Soris didi avtoritetis mqone antioqiisa da sruliad aRmosavleTis
patriarqi, unetaresi egnate IV 1981 wlis oqtomberSi oficialuri vizitiT
estumra saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias. ilia II-m sapatio
stumars daaTvalierebina Tbilisisa da mcxeTis RirsSesaniSnaobani, Sesrulda
erToblivi wirva. sazeimo miRebaze gamoiTqva rwmena, rom urTierToba, romelic
am or eklesias saukuneTa manZilze hqonda, kidev ufro gaRrmavdeboda.
2012 wlis 5 dekembers gardaicvala unetaresi egnate IV, romelic 33
wlis manZilze saTaveSi edga antioqiis uZveles eklesias da bevri gaakeTa
marTlmadidebeli qristianobis ganmtkicebisaTvis aRmosavleTSi. 2013 wlis
10 Tebervals damaskoSi Sedga antioqiis eklesiis axali meTauris unetaresi
ioane X-is intronizacia. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m axladarCeuli
patriarqisadmi gagzavnil milocvis werilSi gamoTqva imedi, rom Cvens
eklesiebs Soris gagrZeldeba Zmuri TanamSromloba. `antioqiis kaTedra
cnobilia mravali wmida patriarqiT. dRes Tqven geboZaT kverTxi antioqiis
eklesiis meTaurisa da es uZvelesi taxti Tavis istoriul arsebobas Cvens
mZime da mRelvare droSi ukve Tqveni mmarTvelobis qveS ganagrZobs. Cvens
eklesias gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba aqvs antioqiis wmida saydrisadmi,
romelic istoriulad saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis dedaeklesia
iyo, amitomac gamorCeulia Cveni Tqvendami damokidebuleba... imedi gvaqvs, rom
urTierToba Cvens eklesiebs Soris Tqveni patriarqobis periodSi kidev ufro
gamtkicdeba, rasac saqarTvelos eklesia miesalmeba~.
patriarqma misi moRvaweobidan gamomdinare, yovelTvis kargad icoda, rom
marTlmadidebel msoflioSi eqvsi berZnuli sapatriarqo yvela mniSvnelovani
sakiTxis gadaWrisas gadamwyvet rols asrulebda. garda amisa, sazRvargareT
arsebuli qarTuli istoriuli samonastro centrebis umravlesoba am eqvsi
sapatriarqos teritoriazea. amitom Cveni eklesiisaTvis didi mniSvneloba
hqonda megobruli urTierTobebis gaRrmavebas aTenisa da sruliad eladis,
kviprosis eklesiebTan. jer kidev cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitobis dros,
1976 wlis ivnisSi, igi iyo uSualo maspinZeli aTenisa da eladis eklesiebis
mravalricxovani delegaciisa, romelSic 7 mitropoliti da 11 mRvdeli Sedioda.
mitropolit ilias aseTi Canaweri aqvs gakeTebuli: `pirvelad erTgvari eWvis
TvaliT gviyurebdnen, igrZnoboda raRac daZabuloba da undobloba berZnebis
mxridan, Semdeg TiTqos galRva yinuli... maT gamoTqves survili CvenTan
TanamSromlobisa, moiTxoves studentebis gacvla. saqarTvelos eklesiam
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xelidan ar unda gauSvas es momenti. studentebis gagzavniT mivaRwevT sam
mizans: 1. SeviZenT berZnuli enis specialistebs; 2. qarTuli eklesia maTi
meSveobiT ufro daukavSirdeba berZnul eklesias; 3. am studentebis meSveobiT
Cveni eklesia da qarTveli mecnierebi daukavSirdebian aTonis iverTa monasters
da iq dacul qarTul xelnawerebs~.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is ZalisxmeviT aTenisa da eladis
eklesiasTan damyarda megobruli urTierToba. 2002 wels aTenisa da
sruliad eladis mTavarepiskoposi qristodulosi Camovida saqarTveloSi,
Sexvda mis uwmidesobas, wmida sinods, qarTvel mecnierebs, eladis eklesiis
meTauri aRafrTovana saqarTveloSi qristianuli sarwmunoebis aRmavlobam
da saqarTvelos eklesiasTan urTierTobis kidev ufro gaRrmavebis survili
gamoTqva. man aRniSna: Cveni dRevandeli Tanamwirveloba aris umaRlesi
gamoxatuleba moZme eklesiebis saWeTmpyrobelTa erTianobisa da warmoadgens
beWeds gaazrebuli, ormxrivi siyvarulisa da urTierTrwmenisa.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias Zmuri urTierToba aqvs kviprosis
eklesiasTan. kviprosis respublikis pirveli prezidenti iyo mTavarepiskoposi
makariosi. kviprosis teritoriaze XI saukunidan arsebobda Raliis qarTuli
monasteri, romelic aRadgina dekanozma zaqariam (feraZe). 2014 wlis 17-
22 oqtombers uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II kviprosSi imyofeboda axali
iustinianisa da sruliad kviprosis mTavarepiskoposis unetaresi qrizostoros
II-is miwveviT. patriarqma moiloca kviprosis siwmindeni da aRniSna: `uZvelesi
saukuneebis manZilze saqarTvelos mWidro kavSiri hqonda kviprosTan da mravali
qarTuli taZari da monasteri iyo aq~. patriarqma daadastura saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis uryevi neba kidev ufro gaaRrmavos
urTierToba kviprosis marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias sxvadasxva dros
estumrnen bulgareTis patriarqi maqsime, rumineTis patriarqi Teoqstite,
Cexoslovakiis eklesiis meTauri doroTeosi, varSavisa da poloneTis
mitropoliti vasili, serbeTis patriarqi pavle; amerikisa da kanadis
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurebi: jer _ Teodosi, Semdeg _ hermane.
2015 wlis 25-28 aprils saqarTvelos stumrobda amerikis marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis winamZRoli, vaSingtonis mitropoliti, sruliad amerikisa da kanadis
mTavarepiskoposi tixoni, romelmac uwmidessa da unetaress ilia II-Tan
Sexvedrisas brZana: `madlobas gwiravT im mzrunvelobisaTvis, romelsac Tqven
yovelTvis iCendiT amerikis marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa da misi meTauris, Cemi
winamorbedebis mimarT. aseve gixdiT madlobas im mogonebebisaTvis, romlebic
ukavSirdeba Tqvens vizits aSS-Si 1998 wels, rodesac ewvieT wmida tisnionis
monasters pensilvaniaSi, sadac, rogorc ubralo beri, 18 wlis ganmavlobaSi
vcxovrobdi. mowiwebiT vixri Tavs saqarTvelos eklesiis winaSe, romelic 2000
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wlis ganmavlobaSi sakuTari sisxlis fasad icavda qristianobas~. amerikis
axalgazrda marTlmadidebeli eklesia momavalSi kidev ufro gaaRrmavebs
urTierTobas saqarTvelos eklesiasTan.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II xSirad stumrobda msoflio marTlmadidebel
eklesiebs, xvdeboda ara marto eklesiaTa meTaurebs, aramed _ qveynis
politikur liderebsac. misi uwmidesoba Tavis misasalmebel sityvas yvelgan
saqarTvelos istoriis, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis unikalurobisa da
TavisTavadobis raobis ganmartebiT iwyebda. gasuli saukunis 70-90-ian wlebSi
msofliom Zalian cota ram icoda saqarTveloze, qarTvel xalxze. saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTauri iyo qarTveli eris is
sulieri winamZRoli, romelsac msofliosaTvis unda gaecno yovelive es. am
Sexvedrebma, patriarqis saocarma pirovnulma xiblma da misma daucxromelma
mcdelobam msoflios marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis TvalSi kidev ufro amaRla
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtoriteti. amitom iyo, rom 1990 wels, rodesac
msoflio sapatriarqom aRiara saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis istoriuli avtokefalia, yvelam mxari dauWira da sagangebo molocvebi
gamougzavna saqarTvelos patriarqs.
2013 wlis ianvarSi gaimarTa uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II aRsaydrebis
35 da dabadebis 80 wlisTavis saiubileo RonisZiebebi, romelSic msoflio
patriarqis yovladuwmidesi barTolomeosis garda monawileobdnen: serbeTis
eklesiis meTauri uwmidesi irineosi, bulgareTis patriarqis mosaydre varnisa
da veliki preslavis mitropoliti kirile, CexeTisa da slovakeTis eklesiis
meTauri unetaresi qristefore, ufro adre saqarTveloSi stumrad imyofeboda
albaneTis eklesiis meTauri unetaresi anastasiosi.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia istoriulad, qveynis
geostrategiuli mdebareobidan gamomdinare, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas
aniWebda gansxvavebul religiur konfesiebTan urTierTobas, romelic
urTierTpativiscemis principebs eyrdnoboda. Sua saukuneebSi monRolebis,
iranelebisa da osmalebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi qarTveli mefeebi da kaTolikos-
patriarqebi cdilobdnen, dasavleT evropis qveynebTan mokavSireobiT
ganemtkicebinaT saxelmwifoebrioba da daecvaT marTlmadidebluri qristianuli
sarwmunoeba. am miznebs emsaxureboda qarTvel mefeTa da kaTolikos-patriarqTa
werilebi, gagzavnili romauli kaTolikuri eklesiis meTaurebisadmi. romis
kaTolikurma eklesiam isargebla aRmosavleTis qveynebis mZime politikuri da
ekonomikuri mdgomareobiT da `propaganda de fides~ organizaciis meSveobiT
aRmosavleTis qveynebSi, maT Soris saqarTveloSic, kaTolikobis mqadageblebad
gamogzavna misionerebi, romelnic cdilobdnen mosaxleobis darwmunebas imaSi,
rom Tu marTlmadideblobas datovebdnen da kaTolikobaze gadavidodnen,
romis papi daicavda maT iran-osmaleTis Zalmomreobisagan. XV saukunis 30-ian
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wlebSi qarTvelma sasuliero pirebma xeli ar moaweres ferara-florenciis
krebis oqms, romelic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
kaTolikurTan gaerTianebas iTvaliswinebda.
bevri ubedureba gadaitana saqarTvelom XVI-XIX saukuneebSi: masobrivi
xocva-Jleta, eklesia-monastrebis rbeva, magram mosaxleobis umravlesobam
mtkiced SeinarCuna marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba. XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi iran-
osmaleTis mier dapyrobil qarTul miwa-wyalze romis papis mier gamogzavnilma
misionerebma moaxerxes qarTvelTa mcire nawilis kaTolikur sarwmunoebaze
gadayvana... XIX saukuneSi somxebma, ruseTis saimperatoro xelisuflebaSi
TavianTi momxreebis meSveobiT, imperator nikoloz II-s gamoacemines kanoni,
romlis Tanaxmadac qarTveli kaTolikeebi somxeTis monofizituri eklesiis
iurisdiqciaSi unda gadasuliyvnen, e.i. gasomxebuliyvnen. am viTarebaSi
qarTveli marTlmadideblebi gamoesarClnen istoriuli Znelbedobis Jams
sarwmunoebaSecvlil TanamoZmeebs. es dava gagrZelda XX saukunis pirvel
meoTxedSic. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis
aRdgenis Semdeg kaTolikos-patriarqma kirion II-m werili gaugzavna romis paps.
`gangebaman RmrTisaman, _ aRniSnavda uwmidesi kirion II, _ ara ucxo qmna eklesiai
Cueni hromTaTvis didisa, petre da andria pirvelwodebulTa, maT mowafeTa
qristeisaTa, romelTa Tesli ubiwod ganabnies, marTalsa sarwmunoebisai ars
siyvaruli da Tvisobai orTa amaT eklesiisTai~. uwmidesi kirion II esarCleboda
qarTvel kaTolikeebs, romelnic idevnebodnen rusul-somxuri politikis gamo
sakuTar samSobloSi. `vsasoeb, viTarmed uwmidesobai Seni ara ugulebelyofs
qarTvel kaTolikeTa erovnul-sarwmunoebriv xasiaTs~ _ werda misi uwmidesoba.
marTlmadidebeli qarTveli patriarqi gamoesaCrla ra kaTolikuri
aRmsareblobis qarTvelebs, romis paps megobroba da TanamSromloba SesTavaza.
saqarTvelosa da romaul-kaTolikur eklesiaTa Soris urTierToba
epistolarul formas ar gascilebia 1917-1977 wlebSi. 1978 wels saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis sagareo ganyofilebis Tavmjdomare,
cxum-afxazeTis mTavarepiskoposi nikolozi (maxaraZe) eswreboda romis papis
pavle II-is dakrZalvas, xolo 1980 wlis 5-6 ivniss kaTolikos-patriarqi
ilia II oficialuri vizitiT imyofeboda vatikanSi, sadac Sexvda romis paps.
Uuwmidesisa da unetaresis saarqivo CanawerebSi vkiTxulobT: ̀ papi ioane pavle II
Semxvda karebTan. gadavexvieT erTmaneTs, qarTulad mivmarTe: `qarTveli erisa
da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis saxeliT guliTadad
mogesalmebiT. saqarTvelos eklesia didi sixaruliTa da kmayofilebiT Sexvda
im faqts, rom papi polonelia, mcire eris warmomadgeneli. igi ufro gaigebs
mcire erebis problemebs Tanamedrove msoflioSi~. papi yuradRebiT mismenda
(Tarjimani Targmnida), Semdeg sxva magidasTan mivida, saidanac moitana rukebis
atlasi, gadaSala evropis ruka, sadac saqarTveloc Canda. daxeda da mere
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mommarTa: Cveni qveynebi Zalian hgvanan erTmaneTs Tavisi warsuliT. moxaza
saqarTvelo da Tqva: samxreTiT Zlieri muslimanuri qveynebia. me davumate:
maTgan bevri gansacdeli gvinaxavs. paps ainteresebda eklesiisa da xelisuflebis,
konstantinopolisa da ruseTis sapatriarqosTan urTierTobis sakiTxebi~.
saqarTvelos eklesiis delegaciam daaTvaliera vatikanis biblioTeka,
papis piradi samlocvelo, vatikanis RirsSesaniSnaobani. gadawyda, rom qarTveli
mecnierebi daeSvaT vatikanis arqivebSi qarTul dokumentebze samuSaod.
romis papma mis uwmidesobas gadasca vatikanis arqivebSi daculi im sabuTebis
mikrofilmebi, romelnic saqarTvelos istorias exeboda. ilia II-m ganacxada:
Cveni eklesiebis gayofis miuxedavad, yovelTvis gvqonda kulturuli da
mecnieruli TanamSromloba, saqarTvelos eklesia da qarTveli xalxia is didi
xidi, romelic aerTianebda evropisa da aziis or did kulturas.
gamarTlda uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is mosazreba. polonuri
warmoSobis axalma papma didi roli Seasrula aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi
komunisturi ideologiisa da socialisturi sistemis rRvevis saqmeSi.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg TbilisSi
gaixsna vatikanis saelCo, kavkasiaSi romaul-kaTolikuri eklesiis saepiskoposo.
1999 wels saqarTvelos prezidentisa da patriarqis mowveviT saqarTveloSi
oficialuri vizitiT Camovida romis papi ioane pavle II. uwmidesma da unetaresma
ilia II-m Tbilisis aeroportSi romis papTan Sexvedris dros ganacxada, rom
es viziti didi mniSvnelobisaa rogorc saqarTvelosaTvis, ise _ mTlianad
kavkasiisaTvis. saqarTvelos patriarqma da romis papma SeimuSaves erToblivi
mimarTva, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo: `Cven vimyofebiT kavkasiis regionSi,
saqarTveloSi, am gansakuTrebuli geopolitikuri da istoriuli mniSvnelobis
mqone regionSi, romelic aerTianebs evropisa da aziis, dasavleTisa da
aRmosavleTis kulturebs. dRes am regionSi, iseve rogorc msoflios sxvadasxva
qveyanaSi, situacia metad daZabulia. am umniSvnelovanes etapze msoflio
valdebulia moaxdinos Tavisi sulieri, inteleqtualuri da fizikuri Zalebis
mobilizeba globaluri katastrofis Tavidan asacileblad. romis eklesiasa
da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiebs Soris urTierToba
ZiriTadad politikur, kulturul sferoSi viTardeba~.
miuxedavad amgvari urTierTobisa, 2003 wlis 15 seqtembers vatikanma,
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis gverdis avliT,
moindoma qarTul saxelmwifosTan gansakuTrebuli xelSekrulebis
gaformeba, romelic 27 muxlisgan Sedgeboda da saqarTveloSi kaTolikuri
eklesiis uflebebis gafarToebisaken iyo mimarTuli. saqarTvelos
sapatriarqom specialuri gancxadebiT gaaprotesta es faqti da aRniSna, rom
vatikans aseTi xelSekruleba arcerT marTlmadideblur saxelmwifosTan
ara aqvs gaformebuli. xalxi quCaSi gamovida, xelisufleba iZulebuli
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gaxda, xelSekruleba aRar gaeformebina. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesia pativs scems im mcirericxovan qarTvel TanamemamuleTa
religiur grZnobebs, romelTa winaprebic istoriuli Znelbedobis Jams
kaTolikur sarwmunoebaze gadavidnen, magram arasodes daxuWavs Tvals
romaul-kaTolikuri eklesiis warmomadgenelTa aqtiuri prozelitizmis
politikaze da moTminebiT Seaxsenebs Tavis Tanamemamuleebs, rom
Znelbedoba iyo maTi winaprebis kaTolikobaze gadasvlis mizezi. erTiani
qarTuli erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi cnobierebis safuZveli saqarTve-loSi
yovelTvis iyo marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba da eklesia.
mravalsaukunovania qarTveli da somexi xalxebis urTierToba. am
urTierTobebSi negatiurs pozitiuri sWarbobs. VII saukunis dasawyisidan
qarTul da somxur eklesiebs Soris moxda evqaristuli kavSiris gawyveta,
vinaidan somxurma eklesiam ar miiRo 451 wlis qalkedonis saeklesio krebis
gadawyvetilebani; miuxedavad amisa, qarTveli da somexi xalxi erTad ibrZoda
arabi, Turq-selCuki, monRoli, iraneli da osmalo dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg.
Sua saukuneebSi qarTuli saxelmwifo da qarTveli mefeebi _ bagrat IV, daviT
IV, giorgi III, Tamari, giorgi brwyinvale, aleqsandre I, vaxtang V, vaxtang VI,
erekle II, Teimuraz II _ yovelnairad exmarebodnen mtrebisgan Seviwroebul
somxebs, romlebic tovebdnen TavianT samSoblos da saqarTvelos afarebdnen
Tavs. Tu XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi irani da osmaleTi marTlmadidebel qristianebs
sastikad sdevnida, samagierod, srul Tavisulebas aZlevda kaTolikeebsa da
monofizit somxebs, riTac isargebles eCmiaZinis somexTa kaToli-kosebma da
daiwyes religiuri eqspansia saqarTveloSi. aq maT miiTvises mravali eklesia-
monasteri da isini somxur yaidaze gadaakeTes.
XIX saukuneSi kavkasiis centrad gamocxadebul TbilisSi gaaqtiurda
mravalricxovani somxuri diaspora. romelmac isargebla saqarTvelos
eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebiTa da rusi egzarqosebis xelSewyobiT da kidev
ufro gaaZliera religiuri eqspansia. amis winaaRmdeg xma aimaRles episkoposma
kirionma, ivane gvaramaZem, mixeil TamaraSvilma, ilia WavWavaZem, akaki
wereTelma, iakob gogebaSvilma, vaJa-fSavelam... miuxedavad amisa, qarTvelobam
mainc gauwoda daxmarebis xeli somxebs 1914-1918 wlebis pirveli msoflio
omis dros osmaleTSi datrialebuli masobrivi xocva-Jletisas da aTasobiT
ltolvili Seifara...
1917 wlis 25 seqtembers TbilisSi yovelTa somexTa kaTolikosis gevorq
V-is (Tbilelis) depeSa movida. igi uwmidessa da unetares kirion II-s kaTolikos-
patriarqad arCevas ulocavda. saqarTvelos eklesia Tvlida, rom, konfensiuri
sxvaobis miuxedavad, somxur samociqulo eklesiasTan normaluri urTierToba
aucilebeli iyo. uwmidesma da unetaresma kirion II-m weriliT mimarTa yovelTa
somexTa kaTolikos gevorq V-s. es werili, erTi mxriv, daxvewili diplomatiisa
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da meore mxriv, marTlmadidebeli patriarqis aramarTlmadidebeli eklesiis
meTaurisadmi damokidebulebis brwyinvale nimuSia. uwmidesi kirion II werda:
`mimovixilav garemosa Cemsa da TvalTa gonebisa Cemisa Sevayeneb RvTismoSiSsa
ersa zeda haikanisasa Zmuri naTesaobiT qarTlosian-haosianTa... mogikiTxav,
uwmideso meufeo, raTa wrfiTa da RvawliTa CueniTa aRdgenil iqnas erToba
Cvendami rwmunebulTa erTa. erTobas vityvi ara sarwmunoebriv-dogmatursa,
aramed moqalaqeobriv-ganmaTleblobisasa, raTa daemyaros Cuen Soris Zmobai
da urTierTs gulisxmavyoT. da raiTa samSoblos Sina Cuenisa daamkvidros
sasufeveli RmrTisai~.
1922 wels saqarTveloSi Camovida TbilisSi dabadebuli da nersesianis
saxelobis somxuri seminariis yofili studenti kaTolikosi gevorq V. igi
Sexvda da qarTul enaze esaubra uwmidessa da unetares ambrosis. 1923-1940-ian
wlebSi qarTul-somxuri saeklesio urTierToba epistolaruli xasiaTisa iyo.
1945 wlidan intensiuri gaxda urTierTobebi uwmides kalistratesa da Tbilisis
somxuri eparqiis yofil episkoposs, imxanad yovelTa somexTa kaTolikos
gevorq VI-s Soris. somxuri eklesiis axali meTauri kaTolikosi vazgen I xSirad
stumrobda saqarTvelos. gasaocari iyo misi intuicia da diplomatiuri niWi.
ukve 1962 wlidan igi saaxalwlod misaloc baraTebs ugzavnida jer iRumen,
Semdeg arqimandrit, Semdeg ki _ mRvdelmTavar ilia SiolaSvils. 1961 wels
vazgen I pirvelad Sexvda arqimandrit ilias da ganWvrita misi didi momavali.
1977 wlis 25 dekembers kaTolikosma vazgen I-ma mcxeTaSi ganacxada: `qarTuli
eklesia msoflios erT-erTi yvelaze unikaluri Zeglia... Zegli, romelic
qarTveli eris suls ganasaxierebs. me mwams am sulis ukvdaveba, rogorc mwams
ukvdaveba TviT qarTveli erisa~.
1978 wlis maisSi uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II somxeTs stumrobda.
eCmiaZinSi kaTolikosma vazgen I-ma Tavis xalxs Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa:
`CvenTan imyofeba uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqi ilia II. unda aRiniSnos, rom igi axali arCeulia patriarqad. am
umaRlesi da uwmidesi msaxurebisaTvis sagrZnoblad axalgazrdaa, mxne, jan-
RoniT savse da, rac mTavaria, didi codniTa da gamocdilebiT SeiaraRebuli...
Tavis samSobloSi mas yurs ugdeben, misi swamT, misi sjeraT, mas afaseben. aseTi
didi siyvaruli Tavisi erisa bevrs ar ergeba wilad. es man didi sulieri
simaRliT moipova~.
patriarqma madloba moaxsena somexTa kaTolikoss da uTxra, rom is, rac
XII saukuneSi daviT aRmaSenebelma gaakeTa saqarTvelosaTvis, is Tqven somxeTis
eklesiaSi XX saukunis 50-70-ian wlebSi SeZeliTo.
patriarqi amis Semdeg araerTxel estumra somxeTs iseve, rogorc
kaTolikosi vazgen I stumrobda saqarTvelos.
1978 wlis noemberSi libanis dedaqalaq beiruTSi, sadac somexTa meore
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religiuri centri, kilikiis somexTa sakaTolikosoa, mahmadianma teroristebma
somxebis masobrivi xocva-Jleta moawyves. saqarTvelos patriarqma oficialur
gancxadebaSi dagmo es vandaluri aqti da somex xalxs sruli mxardaWera
gamoucxada. ̀ Cven, qarTvelebi, _ aRniSna man, _ istoriis dasabamidan vcxovrobT
uZvelesi kulturisa da tradiciis mqone somexi xalxis mezoblad. am xnis
manZilze erTad gadagvitania mravali gansacdeli, mterTa Semoseva da sxva
bedukuRmarTobani, da ar SegviZlia gulgrili davrCeT maT TanamemamuleTa
tragediis mimarT~.
patriarqis am gancxadebam saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi somxebis didi
kmayofileba gamoiwvia. amis dasturi iyo axalqalaqeli x. ovsepianis
gamoxmaureba: `vbedav da mogaxsenebT udides madlobas Tqven, saqarTvelos
didebul kaTolikos-patriarqs. somexi xalxi arasodes ar daiviwyebs Tqvens
maRaladamianuri da moqalaqeobrivi siyvaruliT savse TanagrZnobas~.
uwmidesi ilia II 1980 wels gamoesarCla eCmiaZinis sakaTolikosos,
rodesac sazRvargareTeli somexi kaTolikeni lanZRavdnen da amcrobdnen mis
mniSvnelobas. yovelive amas kargad xedavda kaTolikosi vazgen I da cdilobda,
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiasTan urTierTobaSi daecva taqti da
yofiliyo misi pativismcemeli. uwmidesma saTanado pativi miago kaTolikos
vazgen I-is xsovnas 1994 wels eCmiaZinSi da sagulisxmo sityva warmoTqva: ̀ didia
mwuxareba somxeTis samociqulo eklesiisa da somexi xalxisa, igi emSvidobeba
Tavis Rirseul da brZen mamamTavars, romelic 39 wlis manZilze, urTules
pirobebSi, iyo saWeTmpyrobeli eCmiaZinis uZvelesi sakaTolikoso taxtisa... im
dros, rodesac SezRuduli iyo kavSiri ucxoeTTan, man moaxerxa urTierToba
daemyarebina iq myof samwysosTan, gaeRrmavebina maTSi samSoblos siyvaruli,
gaemTlianebina eri... SevTxov ufals, raTa misi ukvdavi suli daawesos im
savaneSi, romelSic somexi xalxis didebuli winaparni ganisveneben~.
kaTolikos vazgen I-is gza ganagrZo kilikiuri warmoSobis axalma
kaTolikosma garegin I-ma, romelmac 1997 wels imogzaura saqarTveloSi,
moixibla Cveni qveyniT, misi didebuli taZrebiT, istoriiT. samwuxarod,
igi male gardaicvala. amis Semdeg somxur eklesiaSi gaZlierda qarTuli
eklesia-monastrebis miTvisebis, istoriis falsifikaciis tendencia.
somxuri sakaTolikosos xelSewyobiT, erevanSi gamodis ruka-cnobarebi,
samecniero wignebi, romlebSic gayalbebulia saqarTvelos istoria,
somxuradaa gamocxadebuli 650-ze meti qarTuli eklesia. somxur saeklesio
internetsaitebze vrceldeba iseTi informaciebi, romlebic xels ar uwyobs
ori mezobeli xalxisa da eklesiis megobrul urTierTobas.
qarTul-somxuri urTierTobebi iyo ganxilvis mTavari Temebi, 2011 wlis
ivnisSi, saqarTveloSi yovelTa somexTa umaRlesi patriarq-kaTolikosis
garegin II-is oficialuri vizitis dros. ilia II-m somxeT-saqarTvelos
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sazRvrispira sofel sadaxloSi garegin II-sTan Sexvedrisas ganacxada: `imedi
maqvs, rom Tqveni viziti kidev ufro ganamtkicebs qarTvel da somex xalxebs
Soris urTierTobebs~. Tavis mxriv, garegin II-m aRniSna: `moxaruli var, rom
saSualeba momeca Camovsuliyavi saqarTveloSi. aq vimyofebi, rogorc Tqveni
piradi mopatiJebiT, aseve somexTa Temis kerZo mowveviT. TqvenTan erTad
minda davloco Cveni erebi, Cveni STamomavloba. Cven unda gavaZlieroT maTSi
qristianobis siyvaruli, megobroba da aseve rwmena RvTisadmi~. saqarTvelos
sapatriarqoSi oficialuri miRebisas ilia II-m aRniSna: `didad vafaseb Tqvens
istorias, kulturas, Tqvens warsuls, gmirobas... roca uWirda somxeTs,
uWirda saqarTvelos da roca uWirda saqarTvelos, uWirda somxeTsac.
amitom is Zmuri urTierToba, romelic odiTganve arsebobda Cven Soris,
kvlavac unda gagrZeldes~. somexTa kaTolikosma oficialur Sexvedraze
isaubra saqarTvelos sulieri gabrwyinebisa da winsvlis Sesaxeb da mianiSna,
rom Cveni eklesia saqarTveloSi Tavisi mowodebis Sesrulebisas garkveul
siZneleebs ganicdiso. saqme exeboda somxuri eparqiis iuridiul statuss,
sadao eklesiebis sakuTrebas. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m pirdapir
moaxsena stumars: ra statusic eqneba saqarTvelos eklesias somxeTSi, igive
statusi eqneba somxeTis eklesias saqarTveloSi; rac Seexeba taZrebis sakiTxs:
es moTxovnebi, romlebic arsebobs qarTvelebis mxridan somxeTisadmi da Tavis
mxriv, somxeTis pretenziebi saqarTvelos mimarT, samecniero doneze unda
ganvixiloT. patriarqma stumrebs ganumarta: `ar SeiZleba urTierTobebsa
da problemebze calmxrivad saubari. urTierToba ormxrivi unda iyos. roca
vsaubrobT ama Tu im eklesiis dabrunebaze, kargad unda dadgindes, Tu vis
ekuTvnoda igi warsulSi... qarTvelebsac gvaqvs Cveni moTxovnebi. imedi maqvs,
rom Tqveni uwmidesoba xels Segviwyobs Cveni eklesiebisa da monastrebis
dabrunebaSi. Cvens urTierTobebSi, romelic samagaliTo unda iyos, ar SeiZleba
arsebobdes mxolod calmxrivi moZraoba, interesebi ormxrivad unda iyos
gaTvaliswinebuli~.
saqarTvelos patriarqi Tavis gamosvlaSi gulisxmobda istoriul lore-
taSiris raionSi, romelic 1921 wlamde saqarTvelos kuTvnileba iyo, arsebul
eklesia-monastrebs, maT Soris axtalis, qobaieris, xainanis, axkerpis eklesiebs.
somxuri mxare mzad iyo am sakiTxebze damatebiTi konsultaciisaTvis, magram
2011 wlis 5 ivliss saqarTvelos parlamentis mier religiuri gaerTianebebis
Sesaxeb miRebuli kanonis Semdeg amis aucilebloba aRar arsebobda, rogorc
somxuri samociqulo eklesiis prespikerma vahan meliqianma ganacxada,
saqarTvelos parlamentis mier miRebuli kanoni mosalodneli nabiji iyo.
samwuxarod somxuri mxaris moqmedebebi calmxriv interesebs emsaxureba.
amis dasturia araerTi tendenciuri werili, mimarTva, romelic maT mier
igzavneba sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebSi, TiTqos saqarTveloSi
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irRveva maTi aRmsareblobis uflebebi. ufro metic, isini saqarTvelos
xelisuflebas oficialurad mimarTaven da iTxoven 400-ze meti eklesiis
dabrunebas. bunebrivia, aseTi qmedebebi xels ar uwyoben ori mezobeli xalxis
tradiciul urTierTobebs.
istoriulad saqarTvelo Tavs evropis nawilad miiCnevda da cdilobda,
mWidrod dakavSireboda evropul civilizacias. miuxedavad imisa, rom
religiur-konfensiuri TvalsazrisiT evropis ganviTarebuli qveynebi _
inglisi, safrangeTi, germania, espaneTi, italia, portugalia _ sruliad
gansxvavebulni iyvnen saqarTvelosagan, monRolebis, iranisa da osmaleTis
damangreveli laSqrobebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi saqarTvelos mainc evropis
qveynebis daxmarebis imedi hqonda. marTalia, XVI-XX saukuneebSi es daxmareba
sityvier mxardaWras ar gascilebia, magram qarTvelobis orientacia ar
Secvlila. ilia II, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia evropis
qveynebTan kontaqtebs im dros axerxebda, rodesac sabWoTa kavSiri Caketili
saxelmwifo iyo da sazRvargareTis qveynebTan urTierToba _ sagrZnoblad
SezRuduli.
1979 wlis 15 ianvars iamaikis dedaqalaq kingstonSi kaTolikos-patriarqi
ilia II eklesiaTa msoflio sabWos prezidentad airCies. aman mas msoflios
sxvadasxva qveynis politikur da religiur liderTa SexvedrebSi monawileobis
saSualeba misca. uwmidesi da unetaresi yvelgan saubrobda saqarTveloze, mis
istoriaze, uZveles samociqulo eklesiaze. am Sexvedrebis saSualebiT patriarqma
megobruli urTierToba daamyara msoflios marTlmadidebeli avtokefaliuri
eklesiebis meTaurebTan da isini saqarTveloSi moiwvia. Sexvedrebma da piradma
kontaqtebma gadamwyveti roli Seasrules marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa mier
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis
aRiarebis saqmeSi. patriarqi 1963-1997 wlebSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis eklesiaTa msoflio sabWoSi wevrobis periods ase
afasebs: `sabWoTa izolaciis dros eklesiaTa msoflio sabWoSi yofnam Cvens
eklesias saSualeba misca, rom igi msoflios gaecno, rogorc damoukidebeli
eklesia. ase rom, eklesiaTa msoflio sabWoSi marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis
yofna erTgvarad maTi misioneruli moRvaweobis gagrZelebasac warmoadgenda~.
uwmidesi da unetaresi germaniis federaciul respublikaSi, safrangeTSi,
italiaSi, SveicariaSi, niderlandebSi, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi,
inglisSi sxvadasxva dros Sexvda protestantuli, luTeranuli, anglikanuri
eklesiebis meTaurebs, am qveynebis politikur moRvaweebs, mecnierebis,
xelovnebis warmomadgenlebs. misma Sexvedrebma axali stimuli misca evropaSi
qarTvelologiuri mecnierebis ganviTarebas. evropis qveynebis politikuri
da religiuri liderebi aRtacebas ver faravdnen: maT winaSe manamde ucnobi
qristianuli aRmosavleTis didi civilizaciisa da uZvelesi marTlmadidebeli
65
samociqulo eklesiis meTauri iyo. momxiblavi garegnoba, daxvewili manerebi,
evropuli civilizaciisa da Tanamedrove msoflio wesrigis zogadi principebis
Rrma codna maT qarTuli marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTaurisadmi
udidesi pativiscemiT ganawyobda.
uwmidesi da unetaresi stumrobda aziis qveynebsac. igi Sexvda da
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia gaacno egviptis koptTa patriarqs Senuda
III-s, malabariis indoelTa monofizit patriarq-kaTolikoss basil marToma
maTe I-s, eTiopiis monofizit patriarqs abuna Tekle-haimanots, siriel
iakobistTa patriarqs mari iakob III-s, aRmosavleTis monofizit patriarqs
maqsime V-s. uwmidesma da unetaresma qarTuli stumarTmoyvareobiT umaspinZla
saqarTveloSi sapasuxo vizitiT Camosul sxvadasxva qveynis religiur da
politikur liderebs, mecnierebis, xelovnebis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebs.
saqarTvelos, qarTvelebis Sesaxeb sainformacio masalebs beWdavdnen evropis,
aziis, afrikis, amerikis qveynebis wamyvani gamocemebi.
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi msoflioSi cnobili religiuri
lideria, igi sxvadasxva, arareligiur sakiTxebze dialogs marTavs ara mxolod
aramarTlmadidebluri qristianuli konfensiebis meTaurebTan, aramed sxva
aRmsareblobis warmomadgenlebTanac. amis dasturia kavkasiis muslimanTa
lideris Seix alax Suqur faSa zadesa da uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is
megobruli urTierToba, romelic aisaxeba qarTveli da azerbaijaneli xalxis
megobrobaSi.
alax Suqur faSa zade araerTxel estumra saqarTvelos. igi uwmidessa da
unetaress ilia II-s kavkasiis xalxTa sulier liders, Tavis ufros megobars
da maswavlebels uwodebs. 2013 wlis ianvarSi uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia
II-is aRsaydrebis 35 da dabadebis 80 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT CamobrZanda
TbilisSi da patriarqs miuloca saiubileo TariRebi da sazogadoebas amcno
kavkasiis muslimTa sammarTvelos gadawyvetileba sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is Seix islamis ordeniT
dajildoebis Sesaxeb _ religiebsa da erebs Soris Setanili wvlilisTvis.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II rogorc didi sulieri lideri pativs scems
sxva religiebs. mravalmxriv sainteresoa misi uwmidesobis sityva, romelic
warmoTqva baqoSi religiuri tolerantobisadmi miZRvnil saerTaSoriso
konferenciaze: `Tqveno aRmatebulebav, amierkavkasiis muslimTa
sabWos Tavmjdomarev, Seix-al-islam alah Suqur faSa zade, proeqtis
koordinatoro da euTos elCo q. baqoSi, batono aleqsi CahTahTinsk,
guliTadad mogesalmebiT Tqven da aq damswreT, aseve yvela im adamians,
romelTaTvisac Zvirfasia WeSmariti Semwynarebloba. me var im qveynis
sulieri lideri, romlis mosaxleobis absoluturi umravlesobisaTvis,
anu marTlmadidebeli qristianebisaTvis, 20 saukunea cxovrebis wesad aris
66
qceuli RvTis mcneba: `Seiyuare ufali RmerTi Seni yovliTa guliTa SeniTa
da yovliTa suliTa SeniTa da yovliTa gonebiTa SeniTa... da meore, msgavsi
amisi: Seiyuare moyuasi Seni, viTarca Tavi Tvisi~, rac gulisxmobs imas, rom
sakuTari TaviviT unda SeviyvaroT nebismieri adamiani ganurCevlad rwmenisa,
eTnikuri warmomavlobisa, sqesisa da asakisa... magaliTad, sayovelTaod
iyo cnobili, Tu rogori pativiscemiT epyroboda saqarTvelos udidesi
mefe, daviT aRmaSenebeli CvenTan mcxovreb sxva religiis warmomadgenlebs,
maT Soris muslimebs; uwesebda maT garkveul SeRavaTebs, xels uwyobda
adaT-wesebis dacvaSi da sxva. es ar iyo gamonaklisi periodi saqarTvelos
warsulisa. am principiT icxovra Cvenma xalxma da migvaCnia, rom swored
RvTisagan dalocvili mosiyvarule gulis gamo gadaurCa igi istoriis
qartexilebs. amgvarma damokidebulebamve ganapiroba saqarTveloSi mkvidri
sxva erisa da religiis warmomadgenelTa keTilganwyobac qarTvelebisadmi
da isic, rom orive mxare mudam ufrTxildeboda da pativs scemda sxvis
sarwmunoebas da urTierTmegobrobas, rac qmnida unikalur tolerantul
garemos. es tradicia dResac grZeldeba. Cven Tbili damokidebuleba gvaqvs
saqarTveloSi mcxovreb sxva da sxva religiis warmomadgenlebTan da maT
xelmZRvanelebTan; gansakuTrebiT xSiria Cveni Sexvedrebi da vizitebi
muslimTa sulier da politikur liderebTan azerbaijanSi, TurqeTSi,
quveiTSi, iordaniaSi, palestinaSi... saqarTveloSi religiur umciresobebs
gaaCniaT sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris statusi da sruliad
Tavisufalni arian Tavis saqmianobaSi. Cven gvaqvs erToblivi proeqtebic,
rac urTierTdaaxloebas uwyobs xels. albaT, mogexsenebaT, rom qrTveli
eris erTi nawili muslimur religias aRiarebs, romelTagan umravlesni
TurqeTis respublikaSi cxovroben, nawili ki, _ azerbaijansa da iranSi.
Cveni sisxlisa da xorcis, Cveni muslimi qarTvelebis _ gurjebis, lazebis,
fereidnelebis, mazandarelebis, ingiloebis, igive herebis _ gamo zogadad
musulmanuri samyaro mezobelzec ufro metad axlobeli aris CvenTvis.
Tundac is faqti, rom saqarTveloSi 300-ze meti meCeTi da jame funqcionirebs,
naTeli dadasturebaa muslimebisadmi Cveni keTili damokidebulebisa.
magram, gulistkiviliT minda aRvniSno, rom garkveuli Zalebi cdiloben
mizanmimarTulad Seqmnan dapirispirebis kerebi da daarRvion saukunovani
Cveni tolerantuli sivrce. Cveni, religiis liderebis, valia, pasuxi gavceT
im provokaciebs, romelic sarwmunoebis niadagze sxva da sxva niadagze iCens
xolme Tavs. am Sexvedris erT-erTi mizani, albaT, isic aris, rom gaerTianebuli
ZaliT vimoqmedoT, raTa arsebuli problemebi davZlioT da prevenciuli
nabijebic gadavdgaT. me minda didi madloba gadavuxado mis aRmatebulebas,
Seix-ul islam alah Suqur faSa zades, romelTanac mravalwliani megobroba
makavSirebs, man araerTxel iTamaSa didi roli krizisuli situaciebis
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ganmuxtvaSi da Cvens xalxebs Soris megobrobis ganmtkicebaSi. igi amitomac
dajildovda saqarTvelos Rirsebisa da brwyinvalebis ordenebiT. aseve
gamorCeulia azerbaijanis prezidentis, misi aRmatebuleba, baton ilxam
alievis roli Cvens qveynebs Soris gansakuTrebulad keTili urTierTobebis
CamoyalibebaSi. vimedovnebT, maTi mzrunveloba momavalSic ar moakldebaT
aq mcxovreb qarTvelebs, rogorc muslimebs, ise marTlmadideblebs da
dakmayofildeba maTi religiuri moTxovnilebebi. bolos, minda kidev
erTxel gamovxato Cveni Rrma pativiscema am saerTaSoriso konferenciis
organizatoris, euTos mimarT da Sexvedris monawileebisadmi da gisurvoT
didi warmatebebi Tqvens RvTis saTno saqmianobaSi~.
patriarqi did mniSvnelobas aniWebs kontaqtebs iranis islamur
respublikasTan. 2001 wels iranis islamuri respublikis prezidentis muhamed
haTamis miwveviT uwmidesi da unetaresi oficialuri vizitiT imyofeboda
iranSi, Sexvda prezident haTamsa da iranis islamuri respublikis sulier
liders ali hameines. patriarqma Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa maT: `me vfiqrob,
rom Cveni qveynebis _ iranisa da saqarTvelos _ religiuri liderebi da
sasuliero moRvaweni, Cveni xelisufalni da sazogadoeba mzad arian, raTa
msoflios vuCvenoT magaliTi imisa, rom religiuri gansxvavebulobisa da
warsulSi dapirispirebis miuxedavad, Segvwevs unari urTierTpativiscemisa,
unari mSvidobiani da megobruli Tanaarsebobisa~.
iranis islamuri respublikis sasuliero liderebi araerTxel Camovidnen
TbilisSi da monawileobdnen saerTaSoriso konferenciebSi, ase iyo 2007
wlis 25 dekembers, rodesac uwmidessa da unetaress aRsaydrebis 30 wlisTavi
miuloca iranis religiaTa urTierTobis organizaciis xelmZRvanelma aiaTola
Tasxirma. xolo 2010 wels TbilisSi gamarTul konferenciaze `qristianoba
da islami terorizmis Sesaxeb~ monawile doqtorma mohamad mehdi Tasxirma
ase Seafasa konferenciaSi iranuli mxaris monawileoba: `Cven monawileobas
viRebT aTeulobiT saerTaSoriso konferenciaSi _ ZiriTadad iseT qveynebSi,
sadac krizisi da mZime situaciaa Seqmnili. Tbilisi am mxriv erT-erTi mSvidi
qalaqia. me vTvli, rom marTlmadidebloba saqarTveloSi warmodgenilia
saukeTeso saxiT. aseTi tipis konferenciebi unda Catardes swored iseT
adgilebSi, sadac yvelaze metia rwmena da keTilganwyoba... es is garemoa
da is urTierTobebia, rasac ver vipoviT sxva qveynebSi. aq aris uZvelesi
marTlmadidebluri Zeglebi. is, sadac kulturas aqvs Rrma fesvebi, mas SeuZlia
didi gavlena iqonios adamianebze. Cven ar vgrZnobT araviTar diskomforts _
Cven vxedavT Tbil, gulwrfel urTierTobas da adamianebs kulturis Rrma
fesvebiT, romelic exmareba maT rwmenis ganmtkicebaSi. kidev erTi mizezi, ris
gamoc konferencia tardeba TbilisSi, es SeiZleba iyos Tbili da megobruli
urTierToba saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqsa da aiaTola Tasxirs Soris.
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me vfiqrob, rom patriarqi _ es didi Zalaa da mas SeuZlia dadebiTi zegavlenis
moxdena da mniSvnelovani rolis Sesruleba ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed
saxelmwifoebsa da religiebs Soris urTierTobebzedac~.
miuxedavad imisa, rom patriarqi saocrad Semwynarebelia, igi arafers
Tmobs, rodesac saqme samSoblosa da marTlmadidebel eklesias exeba. amis
magaliTia saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis msoflio
eklesiaTa sabWosTan urTierToba. rodesac am organizaciam gansxvavebul
konfensiaTa sxvadasxva sferoSi TanamSromlobis SesaZleblobaTa ganxilva
gadazarda erTiani msoflio eklesiis Seqmnis mcdelobaSi, erToblivi locvebis
Catarebis SesaZleblobasa da marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis miuRebel
gadawyvetilebebSi, 1997 wlis 20 maiss, uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-
kurTxeviTa da wmida sinodis ganCinebiT, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma
samociqulo eklesiam ekumenur moZraobaSi monawileobaze uari Tqva da
eklesiaTa msoflio sabWodan gamovida. `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesia uars ambobs ekumenur moZraobaSi monawileobaze da
gamodis eklesiaTa msoflio sabWodan da evropis eklesiaTa konferenciidan...
marTlmadideblebi ar miiReben monawileobas ekumenur msaxurebaSi, saerTo
locvebsa da RvTis TayvaniscemaSi~.
patriarqis am gadawyvetilebas imxanad sxvadasxvagvarad afasebdnen,
magram drom misi marTebuloba daamowma. am nabijiT Cvenma eklesiam Tavidan
aicila globalizaciisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli tendenciebis saeklesio sferoSi
SeWra da daicva marTlmadidebeli eklesiis siwminde.
Tavisi Tamami nabijebiT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesia XX saukunis 70-80-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos politikuri, sulieri
da kulturuli cxovrebis centrSi aRmoCnda. oficialuri xelisuflebis
warmomadgenlebi aRiarebdnen, rom isini veRar axerxebdnen eklesiis saqmianobis
srul kontrols, mis garkveul CarCoebSi moqcevas. 1977-1990-ian wlebSi
Tbiliss stumrobdnen msoflios marTlmadidebeli da aramarTlmadidebeli
eklesiebis meTaurebi, politikuri moRvaweebi. isini xvdebodnen saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqs. Tu 1923-1977 wlebSi TvalSisacemi ar iyo is faqti,
rom sapatriarqo rezidencia sul 3-4 oTaxisgan Sedgeboda, axla ukve aSkara
uxerxuloba iqmneboda. sabWoTa ideologiuri samsaxurebi kvlav acxadebdnen,
rom qveyanaSi sindisis Tavisufleba sabWoTa konstituciiT iyo garantirebuli,
rom eklesias yvelaferi hqonda, rac sWirdeboda. magram 1977-1988 wlebSi
patriarqs sapatriarqo rezidencia ar hqonda, sionis sapatriarqo taZris
garSemo usaxuri saxlebi iyo Camwkrivebuli. xelisuflebam sapatriarqos
erTxans grigol orbelianis moedanze arsebuli sazRvargareTTan megobrobisa
da kulturuli urTierTobis sazogadoebis Senoba dauTmo ucxoeli sapatio
stumrebis misaRebad.
69
jer kidev 1967 wels, cxum-afxazeTis episkoposad yofnis dros, episkoposma
iliam wmida sinodis saxeliT saqarTvelos ssr mTavrobis Tavmjdomares
mimarTa TxovniT, sapatriarqosaTvis daebrunebinaT 1923 wels CamorTmeuli
rezidencia. 1977 wlidan oficialuri xelisufleba grZnobda, rom Seqmnili
uxerxuli viTarebis gamosworeba mxolod sapatriarqosaTvis rezidenciis
gamoyofiT SeiZleboda.
1990 wels, erovnul-gamaTavisuflebeli moZraobis mesveurTa kategoriuli
moTxovnis Sedegad, oficialuri xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda, aRedgina
istoriuli samarTlianoba da 1923 wels saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiisaTvis daebrunebina ukanonod CamorTmeuli is sapatriarqo
rezidencia, romelSic moRvaweobdnen uwmidesi da unetaresi kaTolikos-
patriarqni: kirioni, leonide, ambrosi. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis sapatriarqos istoriulma rezidenciam daibruna Tavisi
funqcia. aq sapatio stumrebis, saero da sasuliero pirebis miReba da Rirseuli
maspinZloba Tamamad SeiZleba.
70
Tavi V. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo av-tokefaliuri eklesiis eparqiebis aRorZineba,
kavSiri sazRvargareTis qarTul samonastro centrebTan.sinodis ganCinebani. axali wmindanebi
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli avtokefaliuri samociqulo eklesiis
marTva-gamgeoba istoriulad V saukunidan XI saukunemde amgvari iyo:
eklesiis meTaurs ewodeboda kaTolikosi, romelsac eqvemdebarebodnen
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva provinciis saepiskoposoebis mmarTveli mRvdel-
mTavrebi _ episkoposebi.
istoriul wyaroTa monacemebiT dadgenilia, rom V-VII saukuneebSi marto
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi 33 moqmedi eparqia iyo. saqarTvelos gaerTianebisa
da misi teritoriebis gavrcobis Semdeg eparqiaTa raodenoba 55-mde gaizarda.
XVI-XVIII sauku-neebSi, saqarTvelos erTiani feodaluri saxelmwifos
provinciul samefo-samTavroebad daSlis Semdeg, iran-osmaleTis agresiis
pirobebSi, moqmed eparqiaTa raodenoba Semcirda. ruseTis mier saqarTvelos
samefo-samTavroebis dapyrobis periodSi (XIX saukunis dasawyisi) aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi iyo 13, xolo dasavleT saqarTveloSi _ 9 moqmedi eparqia.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis
Semdeg rusi egzarqosebis mizani iyo moqmed eparqiaTa raodenobis Semcireba,
saeparqio qonebis dataceba. maT es amocana warmatebiT Seasrules.
XX saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos saegzarqosoSi sul 5 eparqia iyo,
dasavleT saqarTveloSi _ imereTisa da soxumis, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi
ki _ Tbilisis, alaverdisa da goris. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg, pirveli saeklesio
krebis mier damtkicebuli marTva-gamgeobis debulebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis eparqiaTa raodenoba ganisazRvra 13-
iT. mogvianebiT mas kidev ori eparqia daemata. debulebis Tanaxmad, Tbilisis,
quTaisis, Wyondidis, cxum-bediis eparqiebi samitropolito eparqiebad
cxaddeboda. eparqiebSi iqmneboda saeparqio sabWo, saeparqio sasamarTlo,
romelTac eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari Tavmjdomareobda. eparqiebi
olqebad iyofoda. TiToeul olqSi 10-15 samrevlo Sedioda. 1920 wels, meore
saeklesio krebaze, saeparqio mmarTvelobaSi mcire Sesworebebi Seitanes _
gaerTianda mcxeTisa da Tbilisis eparqiebi.
1921 wlidan, bolSevikuri mmarTvelobis xanaSi, saqarTvelos marTl-
madidebeli samociqulo eklesia umZimes mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda. agresiuli
aTeizmis zeobis Jams, 1922-1939 wlebSi, centraluri xelisuflebisagan
waqezebuli provincieli bolSevikebi da komkavSirlebi sastikad sdevnidnen
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eparqiaTa mRvdelmTavrebs, samRvdeloebas. mRvdelmTavrebs eparqiebis
datovebas aiZulebdnen. daapatimres da gadaasaxles episkoposi efremi
(sidamoniZe, SemdgomSi kaTolikos-patriarqi efrem II), gadasaxlebaSi
gardaicvala mitropoliti varlam maxaraZe, 1924 wlis agvistoSi quTaTel-
gaenaTeli mitropoliti nazari daxvrites. mas Tavis samRvdelmTavro eparqiis
sofel rodinaulSi axali eklesiis kurTxeva edeboda bralad.
miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi
oficialurad 15 eparqia iyo, realuri viTareba sul sxva suraTs gviCvenebda.
1929 wels oficialurad gauqmda alaverdis eparqia, daiketa alaverdis
monasteri, 1930 wels gauqmda Wyondidis eparqia, 1930 wels daiketa gelaTi,
1934 wels gauqmda baTum-Semoqmedis eparqia, gaauqmes bodbis, ninowmidisa da
wilknis eparqiebi. mmarTvelma mRvdelmTavrebma dedaqalaqSi moqmed eklesiebs
Seafares Tavi. 1947 wels saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi
5 mRvdelmTavari iyo (efrem sidamoniZe, melqisedek fxalaZe, tarasi kandelaki,
dimitri lazariSvili, gabriel CaCaniZe). eparqiebSi sakaTedro taZrebis
gauqmebis gamo maTi umravlesoba TbilisSi imyofeboda. mdgomareoba arc 1950-
1970 wlebSi gaumjobesebula.
1977 wels, rodesac sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi gaxda
ilia II, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi arsebuli 15
eparqiidan mRvdelmTavari hyavda Semdeg eparqiebs: 1. alaverdis (episkoposi
grigol cercvaZe), 2. baTum-Semoqmedis (mitropoliti romanoz petriaSvili),
3. manglisis (episkoposi giorgi RonRaZe), 4. wilknis (mitropoliti gaioz
keratiSvili), 5. TeTriwyarosa (mitropoliti zinobi maJuga) da 6. bodbisas
(episkoposi ilarion samxaraZe). bodbeli wiravda Tbilisis yovladwmida samebis
saxelobis eklesiaSi, mangleli _ didubis yovladwmida RvTismSoblis saxelobis
eklesiaSi, wilkneli _ sveticxovelSi, TeTriwyaroeli _ Tbilisis wmida
aleqsandre nevelis saxelobis eklesiaSi. nikorwmindis, agarak-walkis, bodbis,
awyuris, cageris, wilknis eparqiebSi arcerTi moqmedi eklesia ar arsebobda...
uwmidesma da unetaresma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma ilia
II-m daiwyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli
tradiciebis aRdgena _ mRvdelmTavris sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi
kurTxevis Sesaxeb.
kaTolikos-patriarqma kargad icoda, rom saqarTvelos samociqulo
eklesiis aRorZineba eparqiebidan unda daewyo. aucilebeli iyo axalgazrda,
ganaTlebuli sasuliero pirebis mRvdelmTavris xarisxSi amaRleba da
saeparqio cxovrebis gamococxleba. 1978 wels, uwmidesisa da unetaresis
locva-kurTxeviTa da wmida sinodis ganCinebiT, episkoposad akurTxes da
samoRvaweod daadgines eparqiebSi: cxum-afxazeTis kaTedraze nikolozi
(maxaraZe), Wyondidelad _ episkoposi ioane (ananiaSvili), mawyverelad _
72
episkoposi Sio (avaliSvili), bodbelad _ episkoposi Tadeozi (ioramaSvili),
baTum-Semoqmedelad _ episkoposi daviTi (Wkadua), urbnelad _ episkoposi
konstantine (meliqiZe). 1978 wlis seqtembridan episkoposi Tadeozi wilknis
kaTedraze moRvaweobda, xolo bodbel mRvdelmTavrad aTanase (CaxvaSvili)
akurTxes. TiToeuli episkoposis kurTxeva sazeimo viTarebaSi, Catarda
mravalricxovan morwmuneTa TandaswrebiT aResrula. uwmidesma da unetaresma
gadasca maT samRvdelmTavro kverTxi da Seaxsena, ra didi pasuxismgebloba
ekisrebodaT maT eparqiebSi.
1978 wlis dekemberSi, wmida sinodis sxdomaze patriarqis winadadebiT
gadawyda, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi
aRdgeniliyo istoriuli tradicia, romelic mTavarepiskoposis xarisxis
miniWebas iTvaliswinebda. amave sxdomaze awyuris eparqias ewoda `axalcixisa
da mesxeT-javaxeTisa~, cagerisas _ `cagerisa da leCxum-svaneTisa~. Uuwmidesma
da unetaresma mitropolitis xarisxSi aRamaRla mangleli episkoposi
giorgi (RonRaZe) da alaverdeli episkoposi grigoli (cercvaZe). pirveli
mTavarepiskoposebi gaxdnen: nikolozi (maxaraZe), ioane (ananiaSvili), Sio
(avaliSvili).oficialuri xelisuflebisaTvis sruliad miuRebeli iyo
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis eparqiebis aRorZineba. igi
cdilobda religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis meSveobiT Seeferxebina axalnakurTxi
episkoposebis registracia, registraciis gareSe ki maT TavianT eparqiebSi
damkvidrebisa da moRvaweobis ufleba ar hqondaT.
religiis saqmeTa rwmunebuli sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqisadmi gagzavnil werilSi ukmayofilebas gamoTqvamda episkoposTa
raodenobis `gaumarTlebeli zrdis~ gamo. 1979 wlis 5 aprils uwmidesma da
unetaresma rwmunebuls dausabuTa miRebuli gadawyvetilebis marTebuloba:
`Tanaxmad karTagenis krebis me-12 kanonisa, romlis mixedviTac episkoposis
gansjis SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saeklesio krebis mowveva ver xerxdeba,
aucilebelia 12 episkoposis Sekreba, rom maT Sesabamisi msjavri gamoitanon.
saqarTvelos eklesiaSi ki, amJamad 3 mitropoliti, 3 mTavarepiskoposi da 4
episkoposia~.
1979 wels, wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT, mitropoliti Sio
(avaliSvili) gadaiyvanes quTaTel-gaenaTelad, xolo axalcixisa da samcxe-
javaxeTis episkoposis xarisxSi aiyvanes qristefore (wamalaiZe), nikorwmindis
episkoposad akurTxes ambrosi (qaTamaZe). axali mRvdelmTavrebis kurTxevis
Semdeg dRis wesrigSi provinciebSi 1921-70 wlebSi administraciuli wesiT
daxuruli eklesiebis kvlav amoqmedebis sakiTxi dadga. sabWoTa kavSiris
kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, morwmuneebi qmnidnen da registraciaSi atarebdnen
religiur sazogadoebas. religiuri sazogadoebis 20 srulwlovani wevri
eklesiis amoqmedebis Sesaxeb sagangebo gancxadebiT mimarTavda adgilobriv
73
aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas, romelic mas agzvnida saqarTvelos ministrTa
sabWosTan arsebul rwmunebulTa aparatSi. iqidan gancxadeba moskovSi
igzavneboda da mxolod moskovis Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi hqonda eparqiis
mRvdelmTavars ufleba, eklesiaSi sasuliero piri daedgina. xelisuflebis
warmomadgenlebi religiuri sazogadoebis wevrebis daSinebas cdilobdnen,
magram, roca sasurvel Sedegs ver aRwevdnen, iZulebulni xdebodnen gaecaT
nebarTva eklesiis amoqmedebis Sesaxeb. Tu oficialuri nebarTva gacemuli ar
iyo, eklesiaSi RvTismsaxurebis aRsruleba kanondarRvevad iTvleboda.
im dros eparqiebSi Seqmnili rTuli viTarebis suraTi kargad Cans
Wyondideli mTavarepiskoposis ioanes (ananiaSvili) 1981 wlis 6 seqtembris
moxsenebiT baraTSi, romelic man saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs
gamougzavna. mTavarepiskoposi ioane imxanad Wyondidisa da leCxum-svaneTis
eparqiasac ganagebda. igi werda: `… mestiis raionis TiTqmis yvela sofeli
daviare, xalxi yvelgan eklesiis gaxsnas mTxovda, magram adgilobrivi
xelisufleba TavSekavebul agresias amJRavnebda da mTxovda, male dametovebina
raioni~.
aseTive rTuli problemebis winaSe aRmoCndnen quTaTel-gaenaTeli,
axalcixisa da mesxeT-javaxeTis, bodbeli mRvdelmTavrebi. miuxedavad am
sirTuleebisa, SekeTda bodbis taZari, mowesrigda wmida ninos saflavi;
keTilmoewyo quTaisis wminda mociqulTa TavTa petresa da pavles saxelobis
eklesiis ezo; sagarejoSi restavracia Cautarda yovladwmida RvTismSoblis
saxelobis da wmida dodos saxelobis eklesiebs; walkaSi gaixsna yovladwmida
RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia; manglisSi daiwyo saeparqio rezidenciis
mSenebloba; baTumSi aSenda axali eklesia; axalcixeSi gaixsna eparqiaSi
erTaderTi wmida marines marTlmadidebluri eklesia da daiwyo misi ezos
keTilmowyoba; aRdgeniTi samuSaoebi daiwyo TeklaTis, menjis eklesiebSi.
oficialur xelisuflebas saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis es nabijebi aRizianebda, amitom aprobirebuli saSualebiT scada
(Worebi, Sida dapirispirebis inspirireba) eklesiisaTvis saxelis gatexa.
aTeistur sazogadoebaSi mosaxleobis dezinformacia ber-monazvnebisadmi
uaryofiTi ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad advili saqme iyo. am mizniT oficialurma
xelisuflebam presiTa da televiziiT dawvrilebiT gaaSuqa mitropolit
gaiozis sasamarTlo procesi. xelisuflebis ciliswamebis msxverpli gaxda
ramdenime maRali ierarqi.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ucxoeTSi vizitis dros xelisuflebis waqezebiT
ramdenime avantiuristma patriarqis sawinaaRmdego gamosvlebi moindoma,
magram morwmune mrevlis poziciam isini aiZula am ganzraxvaze xeli aeRoT.
oficialur xelisuflebas es yvelaferi patriarqis dasaSineblad sWirdeboda,
magram aman mxolod ukuSedegi gamoiwvia. qarTveli eri kidev ufro mtkiced
74
dadga deda eklesiisa da misi meTauris gverdiT. es ar iyo is xalxi, romelic
taZarSi wirva-locvaze gaucnobiereblad modioda, es iyo WeSmaritad morwmune
mrevli, romelmac gaiTavisa qristianuli rwmenis sidiade da mzad iyo mis
dasacavad.
1977-1990 wlebSi saqarTveloSi, iseve rogorc mTel msoflioSi, didi
socialur-politikuri cvlilebebi moxda. 80-iani wlebidan sabWoTa kavSirSi, e.w.
`perestroikis~ periodSi, demokratiuli Rirebulebebis gaRrmavebis lozungiT,
qveynis politikurma xelmZRvanelobam totalitaruli reJimis liberalizacia
daiwyo. es etapi kargad gamoiyena saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma samociqulo
eklesiam da eparqiebSi administraciuli wesiT daxuruli 20-50-iani wlebis
ngrevas gadarCenili eklesiebis amoqmedeba daiwyo. ilia II-m 1995 wels miiRo
gadawyvetileba, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi moqmedi
15 eparqiis 27-mde, xolo 2007 _ wels 36-mde gazrdis Sesaxeb. 2015 wlis
monacemebiT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi moqmedi 46 eparqiaa,
wmida sinodis wevria 47 mRvdelmTavari.
XVI-XX saukuneebSi qarTveli xalxis Tavs datexilma kataklizmebma
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos teritoriebi sagrZnoblad Seamcira. Tu XII-XIII
saukuneebSi saqarTvelos teritoria 205 aTas kvadratul kilometrs moicavda,
XIX saukuneSi igi 102 aTas kvadratul kilometramde Semcirda, xolo 1921
wlidan 1990 wlamde periodSi ki 69,7 aTas kvadratul kilometrs Seadgenda.
saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT darCa istoriuli tao-klarjeTi, lazeTi,
hereTi (saingilo), lore-taSiri. dReisaTvis saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis eparqiebi srulad moicavs istoriul saqarTvelos.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiiswmida sinodis Semadgenloba 2015 wlis mdgomareobiT:
1. uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,
mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis
mitropoliti _ wmida sinodis Tavmjdomare
2. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi kalistrate (margalitaSvili) quTaTel-
gaenaTeli mitropoliti
daibada: _ 20. X. 1938 weli; Telavis raioni, sofeli vardisubani; berad
aRkveca _ III. 1982; episkoposad kurTxeva: 25. XII. 1983; mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa:
8. II. 1989; mitropolitoba eboZa: 25. XII. 1992; skufiaze briliantis jvris tarebis
ufleba mieniWa _ 21. IX. 2000.
75
3. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi danieli (daTuaSvili) saCxerisa da
WiaTuris mitropoliti; saqarTvelos sapatriarqos misiisa da
evangelizaciis centris Tavmjdomare
daibada: _ q. Tbilisi. 29. V. 1955 weli. berad aRkveca: _ 31 X 1991. episko-
posad kurTxeva: _ 22. V. 1992. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 14. X. 1993. mitropo-
litoba eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000. skufiaze briliantis jvris tarebis ufleba mieniWa:
_ 19. VIII. 2010.
4. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi abraami (garmelia) dasavleT evropis
mitropoliti
daibada: _ 15. XI. 1948 weli. q. soxumi. berad aRkveca: _ 3. I. 1988. episkop-
osad kurTxeva: _ 25. XII. 1992 mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 25. XII. 1996 mitropoli-
toba eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000 skufiaze briliantis jvris tarebis ufleba mieniWa: _
16. 11. 2008.
5. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi anania (jafariZe) manglisisa da
TeTriwyaros mitropoliti
daibada: _ 20. VIII. 1949 weli. q. tyibuli. berad aRkveca: _ 4 IV. 1979 episko-
posad kurTxeva: _ 15. III. 1981 mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 25. XII. 1992. mitropo-
litoba eboZa: _ 15. XI. 2001
6. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi vaxtangi (axvlediani) curtaveli
mitropoliti (titularuli)
daibada: _ 25. X. 1953 weli. cageri. berad aRkveca: _ 1. VIII. 1982. episkop-
osad kurTxeva: _ 2. VIII. 1982. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 25. XII. 1992. mitropoli-
toba eboZa: _ 26. IV. 2009.
7. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi zosime (SioSvili) wilknisa da duSeTis
mitropoliti
daibada: _ 3. VIII. 1951 weli. q. Tbilisi. berad aRkveca: _ 10. X. 1981. episko-
posad kurTxeva: _ 14. X. 1983. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 25. XII. 1996. mitropo-
litoba eboZa: _ 26. IX. 2009.
8. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi giorgi (SalamberiZe) tyibulisa da
Terjolis mitropoliti
daibada: _ 25. II. 1940 weli. baRdadis raioni, sofeli fersaTi. berad
aRkveca: _ 13. X. 1988. episkoposad kurTxeva: _ 14. X. 1988. mTavarepiskoposoba
eboZa: _ 21. XII. 1992. mitropolitoba eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000.
76
9. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi iobi (aqiaSvili) mrovel-urbneli
mitropoliti; saRvTismsaxuro wignebis Seswavlisa da redaqtirebis
komisiis Tavmjdomare
daibada: _ 29. V. 1960 weli. daba yazbegi, sofeli sno. berad aRkveca: _ 3. I.
1988. episkoposad kurTxeva: _ 17. V. 1992. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 25. XII. 1996.
mitropolitoba eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000.
10. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi daviTi abba (maxaraZe) alaverdeli
mitropoliti: saqarTvelos sapatriarqos xuroTmoZRvrebisa da
xelovnebis centris Tavmjdomare; saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan
arsebuli saeklesio galobis centris Tavmjdomare; soflis meurneobis
ganviTarebis centris Tavmjdomare
daibada: _ 3. II. 1960 weli. q. Tbilisi. berad aRkveca: _ 28. X. 1991. episko-
posad kurTxeva: _ 24. V. 1992. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 25. XII. 1996. mitropo-
litoba eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000.
11. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi sergi (CekuriSvili) nekreseli
mitropoliti
daibada: _ 13. IV. 1959 weli. q. rusTavi. berad aRkveca: _ 13. IV. 1987. epis-
koposad kurTxeva: _ 27. XII. 1992. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 25. XII. 1995. mit-
ropolitoba eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000.
12. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi iosebi (kikvaZe) Semoqmedeli mitropoliti
daibada: _ 17. IX. 1959 weli. Coxatauris raioni, sofeli zeda farcxma. be-
rad aRkveca: _ 16. V. 1991. episkoposad kurTxeva: _ 7. IV. 1995. mTavarepiskoposoba
eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000. mitropolitoba eboZa: _ 3. VI. 2007.
13. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi isaia (Wanturia) niqozisa da cxinvalis
mitropoliti
daibada: _ 1961 weli. q. walenjixa. berad aRkveca: _ 2. IV. 1994. episkop-
osad kurTxeva: _ 9. IV. 1995. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000. mitropoli-
toba eboZa: _ 30. IV. 2006.
14. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi serafime (jojua) borjomisa da bakurianis
mitropoliti
daibada: _ 15. II. 1961 weli. q. soxumi. berad aRkveca: _ 28. VIII. 1992. episko-
posad kurTxeva: _ 20. IV. 1995. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000. mitropo-
litoba eboZa: _ 18. XI. 2009.
77
15. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi grigoli (berbiWaSvili) foTisa da
xobis mitropoliti; gamomcemlobisa da recenzirebis departamentis
Tavmjdomare
daibada: _ 18. VII. 1956 weli. q. Tbilisi. berad aRkveca: _ 21. III. 1996. episko-
posad kurTxeva: _ 24. III. 1996. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 7. IX. 2003. mitropo-
litoba eboZa: _ 3. VI. 2007.
16. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi nikolozi (faCuaSvili) axalqalaqisa
da kumurdos, da samxreT amerikis mitropoliti; saqarTvelos
sapatriarqos misiisa da evangelizaciis ganyofilebis Tavmjdomaris
moadgile
daibada: _ 10. II. 1961. q. Tbilisi. berad aRkveca: _ 25. III. 1996. episkoposad
kurTxeva: _ 31. III. 1996. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000. mitropolitoba
eboZa: _ 30. IX. 2006
17. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi Teodore (WuaZe) axalcixisa da tao-
klarjeTis mitropoliti sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis
qorepiskoposi;
daibada: _ 11. IV. 1967. weli, q. siRnaRi. berad aRkveca: _ 22. II. 1991. episko-
posad kurTxeva: _ 27. X. 1996. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 14. IX. 2003. mitropo-
litoba eboZa: _ 30. IV. 2006.
18. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi saba (gigiberia) xonisa da samtrediis
mitropoliti: religiuri turizmis (samomlocvelo) departamentis
Tavmjdomare
daibada: _ 28. IX. 1966 weli. q. senaki. berad aRkveca: _ 14. VI. 1991. episko-
posad kurTxeva: _ 3. XI. 1996. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 14. IX. 2003. mitropo-
litoba eboZa: _ 24. IV. 2008.
19. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi dimitri (SiolaSvili) baTumisa da lazeTis
mitropoliti; saqarTvelos sapatriarqos sainformacio samsaxuris
xelmZRvaneli
daibada: _ 16. II. 1961 weli. q. mcxeTa. berad aRkveca: _ 25. X. 1996. episkop-
osad kurTxeva: _ 8. XI. 1996. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 14. IX. 2003. mitropoli-
toba eboZa: _ 3. VI. 2007.
20. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi antoni (buluxia) vanisa da baRdaTis
mitropoliti
daibada: _ 7. V. 1956 weli. qobuleTis raioni, sofeli oCxamuri. berad
78
aRkveca: _ 25. X. 1996. episkoposad kurTxeva: _ 10. XI. 1996. mTavarepiskoposoba
eboZa: _ 4. I. 2004. mitropolitoba eboZa: _ 2. VI. 2010.
21. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi gerasime (SaraSeniZe) zugdidisa da
caiSis mitropoliti: saqarTvelos sapatriarqos sagareo urTierTobis
ganyofilebis Tavmjdomare
daibada: _ 20. V. 1958 weli. q. Tbilisi. berad aRkveca: _ 28. VI. 1997. episko-
posad kurTxeva: _ 11. X. 1998. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 11. VI. 2006. mitropo-
litoba eboZa: _ 3. VI. 2007.
22. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi andria (gvazava) goris da atenis
mitropoliti
daibada: _ 24. IV. 1968 weli. q. soxumi. berad aRkveca: _ 15. IV. 1995. episko-
posad kurTxeva: _ 18. X. 1998. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 16. XI. 2006. mitropo-
litoba eboZa: _ 25. V. 2010.
23. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi petre (caava) Wyondidis mitropoliti;
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos televiziis (`erTsulovneba~) generaluri
direqtori.
daibada: _ 7. IV. 1970 weli. senakis raioni. episkoposad kurTxeva: _ 20. X.
2002. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 28. I. 2007. mitropolitoba eboZa: _ 2. VIII. 2010.
24. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi ilarioni (qitiaSvili) mestiisa da zemo
svaneTis mitropoliti
daibada _ 22. XI. 1957 weli. q. xaSuri. berad aRkveca: _ 4. XI. 2000. episko-
posad kurTxeva: _ 3. XI. 2002. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 14. XI. 2011. mitropo-
litoba eboZa: _ 1. IX. 2013
25. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi Sio (mujiri) senakisa da Cxorowyus,
da avstraliis mitropoliti; sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqis qorepiskoposi;
daibada _ 1. II 1969 weli. q. Tbilisi. berad aRkveca: _ 5. I 1993. episkoposad
kurTxeva: _ 7. IX. 2003. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 20. IX. 2009. mitropolitoba
eboZa: _ 2. VIII. 2010.
26. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi ioane (gamrekeli) rusTveli mitropoliti;
wmida mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis saxelobis ganaTlebis centris
Tavmjdomare
daibada _ 28. X. 1946 weli. q. Tbilisi. berad aRkveca: _ 11. IX. 2008. episko-
79
posad kurTxeva: _ 14. IX. 2008. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 27. VI. 2010. mitropo-
litoba eboZa: _ 28. VIII. 2011.
27. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi daviTi (tikaraZe) adiSeli
mTavarepiskoposi (titularuli)
daibada _ 1. V. 1963 weli. q. lanCxuTi. berad aRkveca: _ 18. XII.1995. episkop-
osad kurTxeva: _ 14. X. 1998. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 1. VI. 2006
28. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi stefane (kalaijiSvili) cagerisa
da lentexis mTavarepiskoposi; axalgazrdobis sulieri da
inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis centris Tavmjdomare.
daibada _ 9. II. 1959 weli. q. axalcixe. berad aRkveca: _ 5.VIII. 1996w. episko-
posad kurTxeva: _ 27. X. 2002. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 9. IX. 2010.
29. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi eqvTime (leJava) gurjaanisa da veliscixis
mTavarepiskoposi
daibada _ 25. I. 1953 weli. q. Tbilisi. berad aRkveca: _ 10 III. 1990. episkopo-
sad kurTxeva: _ 24. VIII. 2003. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 14. XI. 2011.
30. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi luka (lomiZe) sagarejosa da ninowmindis
mTavarepiskoposi
daibada _ 14. IX. 1966 weli. q. Tbilisi; berad aRkveca: _ 1997 wlis did-
marxvis I kvira _ 16 III; episkoposad kurTxeva: _ 28. VIII. 2003; mTavarepiskoposoba
eboZa: _ 14. XI. 2011.
31. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi zenoni (iarajuli) dmanisisa da agarak-
taSiris, didi britaneTisa da irlandiis mTavarepiskoposi
daibada _ 17. III. 1972 weli. q. Tbilisi; berad aRkveca: _ 14. VIII. 1993; episko-
posad kurTxeva: _ 31. VIII. 2003; mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 6. II. 2011.
32. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi egudieli (tabataZe) stefanwmindisa da
xevis mTavarepiskoposi
daibada _ 30. I. 1964 weli. saCxeris r-ni sof. bereTisa; berad aRkveca: _ 5.
I. 1995; episkoposad kurTxeva: _ 2. IX. 2003; mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 24. XI. 2009.
33. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi spiridoni (abulaZe) sxalTis
mTavarepiskoposi
daibada _ 14. VI. 1950 weli. q. zestafoni; berad aRkveca: _ 23. XII. 2006; epis-
koposad kurTxeva: _ 24. XII 2006; mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 17. IV. 2013.
80
34. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi efremi (gamrekeliZe) bolneli
mTavarepiskoposi
daibada _ 24. X. 1975 weli. q. baTumi; berad aRkveca: _ 8. IV. 1996; episkopo-
sad kurTxeva: _ 31. XII. 2006; mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 06. IX. 2012.
35. yovladusamRvdeloesi melqisedeki (xaCiZe) margveTisa da ubisis
episkoposi
daibada _ 25. IV. 1975 weli. q. xaSuri; berad aRkveca: _ 31. VIII. 2005; episko-
posad kurTxeva: _ 03. V. 2009
36. yovladusamRvdeloesi iakobi (iakobiSvili) bodbeli episkoposi;
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis qorepiskoposi;
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos safinanso-ekonomikuri sabWos Tavmjdomare;
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis sruluflebiani
warmomadgeneli Tbilisis wm. andria pirvelwodebulis sax. qarTul
universitetSi.
daibada _ 01. III. 1962; berad aRkveca: _ 15. III. 2003; episkoposad kurTxeva _
09. V. 2010.
37. yovladusamRvdeloesi miqaeli (gabriWiZe) TianeTisa da fSav-xevsureTis
episkoposi
daibada _ 25. I. 1966 weli. q. zestafoni; berad aRkveca: _ 2. VI. 1994; epis-
koposad kurTxeva: _ 20. X. 2013.
38. yovladusamRvdeloesi dimitri (kapanaZe) xornabujisa da hereTis
episkoposi
daibada _ 19. VI. 1975 xaragaulis raioni; berad aRkveca: _ 16. XII. 1995; epi-
skoposad kurTxeva: _ 27. X. 2013.
39. yovladusamRvdeloesi damiane (xufenia) samTavisisa da kaspis
episkoposi
daibada _ 6. VIII. 1959 soxumi; berad aRkveca: _ 2. I. 2004; episkoposad kur-
Txeva: _ 3. XI. 2013.
40. yovladusamRvdeloesi svimeoni (cakaSvili) suramis da xaSuris
episkoposi
daibada _ 9. VIII. 1982 q. siRnaRi; berad aRkveca: _ 19. agvisto 2005; epis-
koposad kurTxeva: _ 10. XI. 2013.
81
41. yovladusamRvdeloesi giorgi (jamdeliani) marneulisa da hujabis
episkoposi
daibada _ 1. X. 1981 weli. mestia; berad aRkveca: _ 27. VIII. 2006; episkopo-
sad kurTxeva: _ 23. XI. 2013.
42. yovladusamRvdeloesi ioane (Somaxia) martyofisa da gardabnis
episkoposi
daibada _ 13. VIII. 1971; berad aRkveca: _ 15. III. 2008; episkoposad kurTxeva:
_ 1. XII. 2013.
43. yovladusamRvdeloesi grigoli (kacia) walkis episkoposi
daibada _ 26. VIII. 1972 q. soxumi; berad aRkveca _ 26. VIII. 2010. episkoposad
kurTxeva: _ 4. XII. 2013.
44. yovladusamRvdeloesi lazare (samadbegiSvili) germaniisa da avstriis
episkoposi
daibada _ 20. VIII. 1955. q. Tbilisi; berad aRkveca: _ 19. IV. 1997 w. episkop-
osad kurTxeva: _ 11. VI. 2014.
45. yovladusamRvdeloesi dosiTeosi (bogveraZe) belgiisa da holandiis
episkoposi
daibada: _ 29. 12. 1964; berad aRkveca: _ weli.11. 03. 2004; episkoposad kur-
Txeva: _ 15. 06. 2014.
46. yovladusamRvdeloesi saba (inwkirveli) CrdiloeT amerikis episkoposi
daibada _ 22. VI. 1981; berad aRkveca: _ 29. VI. 2009; episkoposad kurTxeva:
_ 24. XI. 2013.
47. yovladusamRvdeloesi vaxtangi (liparteliani) nikorwmindeli
episkoposi
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia zrunavs saqarTvelos
evropisa da amerikis kontinentze droebiT samuSaod gasuli qarTvelebisaTvis.
2002 wels Seiqmna dasavleT evropis eparqia, romelsac meTaurobs mitropoliti
abraami (garmelia). eparqiaSi 16 sasuliero piri da 57 samrevlo funqcionirebs;
CrdiloeT amerikisa da kanadis eparqias xelmZRvanelobs episkoposi saba
(inwkirveli), eparqiaSi moqmedebs 12 samrevlo piri; didi britaneTsa da
82
irlandiis eparqia, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs mTavarepiskoposi zenoni
(iarajuli). eparqias samrevloebi aqvs londonSi, glazgoSi, kardifSi, uelsSi,
belfastSi, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis samrevloebia agreTve
samxreT amerikaSi (mas xelmZRvanelobs mitropoliti nikolozi). avstraliaSi
(xelmZRvanelobs mitopoliti Sio).
2014 wlis 3 ivniss gamarTulma wmida sinodis sxdomam, romelsac
Tavmjdomareobda uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqi ilia II ganaCina: `dasavleT evropis eparqias gamoeyos avstriis,
germaniisa da beniluqsis qveynebis samrevloebi da Seiqmnas: 1. dasavleT evropis
eparqia (xelmZRvaneli mitropoliti abraami), romlis SemadgenlobaSi darCa
safrangeTi, Sveicaria, malta, espaneTi, portugalia, italia; 2. avstriisa da
germaniis eparqia (xelmZRvaneli episkoposi lazare); 3. belgiisa da holandiis
eparqia (xelmZRvaneli episkoposi dosiTeozi); baTumisa da lazeTis da
CrdiloeT amerikis eparqias gamoeyos CrdiloeT amerikis samrevloebi da
Seiqmnas: CrdiloeT amerikis eparqia (xelmZRvaneli episkoposi saba inwkirveli)~.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis eparqiebis
aRorZineba ilia II-is didi Rvawlis Sedegia. Uuwmidesi da unetaresi xSirad
stumrobs eparqiebs, mcire warmatebasac ufasebs mmarTvel mRvdelmTavrebs,
mwyemsmTavruli sityviT mimarTavs mrevls, deda eklesiisa da samSoblos
siyvarulisaken mouwodebs maT. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis siZlierisa da simtkicis safuZveli moqmed eklesiaTa siZlierea.
saqarTvelos patriarqi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobs sazRvargareT
mcxovreb qarTvelebs. 2009 wlis 14 maiss parizSi wm. Tamar mefis saxelobis
qarTuli eklesiis gaxsnaze igi sagangebod CabrZanda parizSi, Sexvda iqaur
qarTvelebs. uwmidesi 2012 wlis 15 maiss kvlav stumrobda dasavleT evropis
eparqias, 20 maiss man sazeimo wirva aRavlina parizis wm. Tamar mefis saxelobis
qarTul eklesiaSi. 2011 wlis 4-15 Tebervals ilia II stumrobda didi britaneTisa
da iralndiis qarTul samrevloebs. uwmidesma da unetaresma sazeimo wirva
Caatara londonis macxovris Sobis qarTul taZarSi, sadac inglisSi mcxovreb
1500-ze meti qarTveli Seikriba. ilia II-m daloca mrevli da mouwoda maT,
arasodes gawyviton kavSiri dedasamSoblosTan da yvelaferi iRonon imisaTvis,
rom dabrundnen saqarTveloSi. ilia II Sexvda inglisis dedofal elisabed II-s.
istoriulad saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi
didi mniSvneloba hqonda samonastro cxovrebas. pirveli monastrebi IV-V
saukuneebidan arsebobda. monastrebi ara marto religiuri, aramed kulturul-
saganmanaTleblo centrebis funqciasac asrulebdnen. Sua saukuneebSi
qarTvelebs samonastro centrebi hqondaT saberZneTSi, kviprosze, wmida
miwaze. qveyanaSi Semosuli mteri monastrebs arbevda. cnobilia qvaTaxevisa
da daviT garejis monastrebis mterTagan rbeva, ber-monazvnebis xocva-Jleta,
83
magram monastrebi mainc aRorZindebodnen xolme. ber-monazvnebi yvelaze
dafasebulni iyvnen Cveni sulieri cxovrebis istoriaSi.
XIX saukuneSi qarTul monastrebs ruseTis Sida guberniebidan gadmosuli
berebi daepatronen... 1917 wels, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg, daiwyo samonastro cxovrebis
aRorZineba, magram saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis mier
miRebuli sakanonmdeblo aqtebiT daiwyes saeklesio miwebis CamorTmeva da
monastrebSi mcxovrebi ber_monazvnebis Seviwroeba, ris gamoc uwmidesma da
unetaresma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma leonidem mkacri
saprotesto werili miswera saqarTvelos mTavrobis Tavmjdomares _ noe
Jordanias. 1921 wlidan, bolSevikuri saokupacio xelisuflebis waqezebiT,
daiwyo eklesia-monastrebis Zarcva-rbeva. daxoces SiomRvimis, qvaTaxevis,
beTaniis, armazis, kabenis monastrebis berebi. sabuTebi yvelgan ise gaaformes,
TiTqos aq kriminaluri bandebi moqmedebda. monastrebis umravlesoba daixura.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis kalistrates ZalisxmeviT, saxelmwifom istoriuli
Zeglis mcvelis Tanamdebobaze daniSna beTanieli berebi: ioane (maisuraZe) da
giorgi (mxeiZe), zedazenze _ eqvTime (kereseliZe).
XX saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi samonastro cxovreba Zalian
Sesustebuli iyo. TiTo-orola monasterSi (Sio mRvime, samTavro, TeklaTi,
mowameTa) naxevrad aralegalurad moRvaweobdnen ber-monazvnebi. oficialuri
xelisufleba gansakuTrebiT uaryofiTad iyo gamsWvaluli maT mimarT.
kaTolikos-patriarqis gaazrebuli, Tanmimdevruli saqmianobiT saqarTveloSi
samonastro cxovrebis aRorZineba moxerxda. Tu gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi
monastrebSi ZiriTadad asakovani adamianebi iyvnen, amJamad 200-ze met moqmed
monasterSi ZiriTadad axalgazrda morCilni da ber-monazvnebi moRvaweoben.
saqarTvelos yvela moqmed eparqiaSi aris mamaTa da dedaTa monastrebi.
uwmidessa da unetares ilia II-s surda, javaxeTSi faravnis tbasTan, saidanac
mociqulTaswori wmida nino vazis jvriT gamoemarTa mcxeTisaken, daarsebuliyo
mamaTa da dedaTa monastrebi. gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi mTeli samcxe-
javaxeTis teritoria sabWoTa kavSir-TurqeTis sazRvrispira raionebad iyo
gamocxadebuli. awyuris iqiT gadasvla mxolod specialuri saSviT SeiZleboda.
garda amisa, faravnis tbispira sofel fokaSi arcerTi qarTuli ojaxi ar
cxovrobda. ilia II oficialurad Caewera sofel fokaSi, raTa daubrkoleblad
emogzaura am teritoriebze. misi didi ZalisxmeviT moxerxda fokaSi dedaTa
da mamaTa monastrebis daarseba. es mxolod erTi magaliTia. mravali aseTi
dabrkoleba gadaitana saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma samociqulo eklesiam,
magram, uwmidesisa da unetaresis RvawliT, samonastro cxovreba aRorZinda
aramarto saqarTveloSi: Cveni mamebi da dedebi moRvaweoben ucxoeTSi arsebul
qarTuli warmomavlobis eklesia-monastrebSic.
84
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis winsvla bolo
ocdaTvrameti wlis ganmavlobaSi kargad Cans Semdegi monacemebidan: Tu
1977 wels 50-mde moqmed eklesia-monasterSi 7 mRvdelmTavari da 80-mde
sasuliero piri iRvwoda, 2015 wlisaTvis 2000-ze met eklesiaSi moRvaweobs
47 mRvdelmTavari da 2000-ze meti sasuliero piri. winaaRmdegobaTa daZlevis
gzebis Zieba, locvaSi gatarebuli mravali uZilo Rame gadaitana patriarqma
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis am simaRleze asayvanad.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias, adreuli Sua
saukuneebidan XIX saukunis CaTvliT, sazRvargareT mravali eklesia-monasteri
hqonda. aq moRvawe qarTveli berebi qmnidnen originalur sasuliero Janris
naSromebs, Targmnidnen qarTulidan berZnulad, an berZnulidan qarTulad
iTargmneboda qristianul literaturaSi cnobili Txzulebebi. Tuki aseTi
mdidari da mravalferovania Sua saukuneebis qarTuli kultura, amaSi
didia sazRvargareT arsebuli qarTuli eklesia-monastrebis wvlili. axlo
aRmosavleTSi ganTqmuli iyo sabawmindis, sinas, jvris, Savi mTis, xolo dasavleTSi
_ aTonisa da petriwonis monastrebi. Sua saukuneebSi wmida miwaze qarTvelebs
gansakuTrebuli privilegiebi hqondaT _ golgoTaze qristes saflavis eklesiis
kliteni maT epyraT da gaSlili droSebiT cxenze amxedrebulebs ierusalimSi
Sesvla SeeZloT. miuxedavad imisa, rom XV saukuneSi erTiani saqarTvelo sam
samefod da erT samTavrod daiSala, samefoTa mefe-mTavarni sazRvargareTul
qarTul samonastro centrebs yuradRebas ar aklebdnen.
iran-osmaleTis mZlavrobis xanaSi (XVI-XVIII s.s.) saqarTvelos marTl-
madidebeli samociqulo eklesiis poziciebi Sesustda. XVI-XX saukuneebSi,
saqarTvelos mimarT osmalTa mier ganxorcielebuli agresiis Sedegad,
istoriuli saqarTvelos teritoriis naxevarze meti _ tao-klarjeT-lazeTi
_ da iq arsebuli qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT
aRmoCnda.
XVI saukuneSi osmalTagan Seviwroebulma konstantinopolis msoflio
sapatriarqom avtokefalia da marTlmadideblur diptixSi saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis istoriulad kuTvnili me-5 adgili politikurad
gaZlierebuli ruseTis eklesias mianiWa.
ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobisa da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg sazRvargareTul qarTul
samonastro centrebs TandaTan ucxoelebi (berZnebi da somxebi) daepatronen
da gulmodgined daiwyes monastrebSi arsebuli qarTuli kvalis waSla. (amis
TvalsaCino magaliTia ierusalimis jvris monasterSi SoTa rusTavelis freskis
garSemo atexili skandalic).
miuxedavad imisa, rom XIX saukunesa da XX saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesia ruseTis sinodis daqvemdebarebaSi imyofeboda, qarTveli
85
sasuliero pirebi mainc wmida miwisaken, aTonisaken, miiswrafodnen. qarTvel
samRvdeloebaSi gansakuTrebuli pativiscemiT sargeblobdnen sazRvargareTul
qarTul samonastro centrebSi namsaxurebi berebi. saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis mcdeloba, 1917 wels avtokefaliis
aRdgenis Semdeg sazRvargareTul qarTul samonastro centrebTan aRedgina
kavSiri, uSedego aRmoCnda. 1921-1970 wlebSi, sabWoTa `rkinis fardis~
pirobebSi, es kidev ufro garTulda. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqebi _ uwmidesi da unetaresi efrem II da daviT V _ sarekomendacio
werilebs ugzavnidnen ierusalimisa da konstantinopolis patriarqebs, raTa
aTonis iverTa monastersa da ierusalimis jvris monasterSi gadaRebis ufleba
miecaT kinoreJisor irakli onofriSvilisa da guram pataraiasaTvis, daeSvaT
iq samuSaod qarTvel mecnierTa jgufi (irakli abaSiZe, giorgi wereTeli, akaki
SaniZe). uwmidesma da unetaresma Tavisi mRvdelmTavrobis periodSi, rogorc
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis sagareo ganyofilebis
xelmZRvanelma, miznad daisaxa sazRvargareTul qarTul monastrebTan kavSiris
aRdgena. misTvis gansakuTrebiT axlobeli iyo aTonis iverTa monasteri. am
monastris istorias miuZRvna man Tavisi sakvalifikacio Sroma da vrcel
daskvnaSi aTonis iverTa monastris roli saqarTvelos istoriaSi mkafiod
gansazRvra. cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitad msaxurebisas igi araerTxel
Sexvda qarTvel mecnierebs da maTTan erTad imsjela, ra unda gakeTebuliyo
aTonis iverTa monasterTan dasakavSireblad. 1970 wels mitropoliti ilia
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa
institutis direqtors, akademikos elene metrevels werda: `qalbatono elene,
gamaxara Tqvenma werilma da z. aleqsiZis `epistoleTa wignma~. gmadlobT
yuradRebisaTvis. mec minda gagaxaroT sasiamovno ambiT. arqimandrit abelis
saSualebiT vipoveT gza, romliTac davukavSirdebiT iveriis monastris
xelnawerebs. miviRe werili Tesalonikis universitetis profesor taxikosisgan,
romelic gvpirdeba daxmarebas~.
1978 wlis seqtemberSi uwmidesma da unetaresma saqarTveloSi mowveul
aTonis mTis gubernators dimitrios camiss vizitis iseTi programa SesTavaza
da qarTuli stumarmaspinZlobis iseTi madli aCvena, rom aRfrTovanebulma
gubernatorma Tbilisidan gamgzavrebis win ganacxada: `adamianis cxovrebaSi
iSviaTad, magram mainc arsebobs wuTebi, rodesac ar SeiZleba gamoiTqvas
grZnobebi, romlebic mas eufleba. yvela sityva, romelic SeiZleba me vTqva,
Raribi da uferuli iqneba Cems gancdebTan SedarebiT~. baton camisis saxiT
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma samociqulo eklesiam Zlieri mxardamWeri ipova.
1979 wlis 5 dekembers patriarqma aTonis iverTa monastris sabWos mimarTa:
`aRsdges is kavSiri, romelic arsebobda saqarTvelosa da iveriis monasters
Soris. am mizniT Cven gamovTqvamT survils, rom warmovgzavnoT TqvenTan
86
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiidan sami mecnieri, romelnic gadaiReben
iveriis monastris biblioTekaSi dacul qarTuli xelnawerebis mikrofilmebs~.
uwmindesi saqarTvelos oficialur xelisuflebas saqarTvelosaTvis aTonis
iverTa monastris mniSvnelobas ganumartavda da mxardaWeras sTxovda, raTa
monasterSi gagzavniliyo oTxi qarTveli beri, Tan dasZenda: `Tu es SevZeliT,
Cvens mecnierebsa da eklesias eqnebaT mudmivi kavSiri am savanesTan da iq dacul
Zvirfas qarTul nivTebs eyoleba Tavisi kanonieri patroni da gulSematkivari~.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT, saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi 1983 wels gansakuTrebulad sazeimo
viTarebaSi aRiniSna aTonis iverTa monastris daarsebidan 1000 wlisTavi.
monastris sabWosadmi gagzavnil milocvaSi xazgasmiT aRiniSna, rom aTonis
iverTa monasteri maradJams iyo da darCeba saqarTvelos samociqulo
dedaeklesiis sulis ganuyofel nawilad. ilia II-s ZalisxmeviT, aTonis
monastrebis berebi araerTxel estumrnen saqarTvelos, moiloces qarTuli
eklesia-monastrebi, Sexvdnen qarTvel sasuliero pirebs, mecnierebs.
patriarqTan Sexvedrebma isini gansakuTrebuli madlierebiT aRavso. 1987
wlis 11 TebervliT daTariRebul werilSi isini aRniSnavdnen: `Svilieri
grZnobiT vusurvebT Tqvens Rirseul unetaresobas janmrTelobas da
RvTaebriv Zlierebas, raTa macxovnebeli sityva uqadagoT saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis samwysos. viTxovT Tqvens RvTaebriv
locvebs da yvelani, saerTo krebis warmomadgenlebi, aTonis wmida mTis ocive
wmida monastris winamZRvrebi, vrCebiT uRrmesi pativiscemiT~.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis surviliT saqarTveloSi CamoabrZanes aTonis
karis RvTismSoblis xatis asli,
wmida aTonis mTasTan, iq arsebul monstrebTan saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis mWidro urTierToba grZeldeba.
aTonze dawerili araerTi xatia davanebuli saqarTveloSi moqmed eklesia-
monastrebSi. ilia II-m aTonis wmida mTis vatopedis monastris berebis
stumrobisas (2011 wlis 17-24 Tebervali) gaixsena aTonis wmida mTaze Tavisi
stumroba: `maxsendeba Cemi viziti aTonis wminda mTaze. iq, kareasSi, sadac
aTonis mTis wmida kinoti ikribeba vijeqi sapatriarqo taxtze da yvela beri
Cem garSemo iyo Semokrebili, me gamocda movuwye maT. ase vuTxari: axla unda
gamogcadoT, rogori Tavmdabloba da morCileba gaqvT. aba, momiaxlovdiT da
yvelam damloceT meTqi. zogierTi SeSinda da daibna, magram zogierTi movida
da marTlac damloca da es dalocva dResac mSvelis da momavalSic Semeweva~.
2011 wlis 20 Tebervals samebis sakaTedro taZarSi aTonis mTis vatopedis
monastris winamZRvarma arqimandritma efremma am sityvebiT daaxasiaTa uwmidesi
da unetaresi ilia II: `is, ramac gangvacvifra, aris mTeli qarTveli eris
saocari erTguleba da miZRvna Tavisi patriarqisadmi! Cemi azriT, saqarTvelos
87
eklesias hyavs Tavmdabali patriarqi, romelic yovladwmida RvTismSoblis
udidesi madlis Rirsi Seiqmna da es moaxdina deda RvTismSobelma, rom amdeni
welia mas xalxis mxridan Zlieri mxardaWera aqvs~.
XX saukunis qarTvel patriarqTa da saero mecnierTa ocneba, hqonodaT
kavSiri aTonis wmida mTaze arsebul qarTul monastrebTan da iq dacul
qarTul xelnawerebTan, realobad iqca. dRes aTonze araerTi qarTveli beri
moRvaweobs.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II aseTive didi mondomebiT Seudga ierusalimis
jvris monasterTan saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
gawyvetili kavSiris aRdgenas. ierusalimis patriarqTan, uwmides benediqtesTan
Sexvedrisas is pirvelad Seexo jvris monastris saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis
dabrunebis sakiTxs. molaparakebebi gagrZelda patriarq diodorosis I-is
drosac. ilia II-m kargad icoda, rom ierusalimis sapatriarqosaTvis Zneli
gadasawyveti iyo es sakiTxi. misi uwmidesoba saqarTvelos saero xelisuflebas
meti mxardaWerisaken mouwodebda. 1987 wlis 5 noembers saqarTvelos ssr
ministrTa sabWoSi gagzavnil werilSi igi aRniSnavda: ̀ ierusalimSi oficialuri
vizitis dros Sevxvdi patriarq diodoros I-s da davayene ierusalimis jvris
monastris gadmocemis sakiTxi. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, berZnebi Cvens
Txovnas enTuziazmiT ar Sexvedrian, Tumca Segvpirdnen sakiTxis ganxilvas.
saWiroa mTavrobis daxmareba. warmatebis SemTxvevaSi Tqven daimsaxurebT Cveni
xalxis samudamo madlierebas~.
ierusalimis jvris monastris sakiTxis mogvarebaze muSaobs patriarqis
locva-kurTxeviT Seqmnili mecnierTa da biznesmenTa jgufi. israelis
mTavroba, qarTveli ebraeloba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo
eklesias srul mxardaWeras ucxadebs. aseT viTarebaSi ierusalimis jvris
monastris berZenma berebma monasterSi qarTvelTa SeSveba SezRudes,
gaurkvevel viTarebaSi dazianda rusTavelis freska. am samwuxaro faqtebis
miuxedavad, imedi unda viqonioT, rom istoriuli samarTlianoba aRdgeba da
jvris monasteri saqarTvelos aucileblad daubrundeba...
kaTolikos-patriarqma 1979 wlis maisSi, bulgareTSi vizitis dros,
moinaxula petriwonis qarTvelTa monasteri, romelic 1083 wels grigol
bakurianisZis mier aris daarsebuli. bulgareTis patriarqma uwmidesma maqsimem
ganacxada, rom mzad iyo nebismier dros mieRo qarTveli berebi amJamad baCkovos
monastrad wodebul petriwonSi.
uwmidesma da unetaresma 1977-2007 wlebSi moiloca sazRvargareT arsebuli
yvela eklesia-monasteri, sadac ki qarTvelebs uRvawiaT, sadac qarTuli
siwmindeebia daculi, pativi miago Cvens saxelovan da istoriis miRma darCenil
usaxelo gmirebs, romelnic emsaxurebodnen dedaeklesias, dedasamSoblos.
uwmidesma da unetaresma moaxerxa dakavSireboda 1927 wlidan saqarTvelos
88
sapatriarqos iurisdiqciidan gasul parizis wmida ninos saxelobis eklesiis
winamZRvar dekanoz ilia melias.
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi qarTveli salxis sulieri
erTianobis simboloa. sazRvargareTul qarTul monastrebTan saukuneTa
manZilze gawyvetili kavSiris aRdgeniT man saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias
Zveli sidiade da qristianul aRmosavleTSi gamorCeuli misia daubruna.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia istoriulad
gamorCeuli iyo qarTvel wmindanTa simravliT. Cveni eklesia Rvawlsa
da Tavdadebas ar ukargavda arc sasuliero da arc saero pirebs. Taobebi
izrdebodnen da izrdebian qarTvel wmindanTa cxovrebis magaliTze. XIX
saukuneSi rusi egzarqosebi cdilobdnen, qarTvelobas daeviwyebina erovnul
wmindanTa dResaswaulebi. XX saukuneSi, bolSevikuri aTeisturi mmarTvelobis
xanaSi, gansakuTrebiT 20-70-ian wlebSi, rodesac eklesiis saqmianobis
areali SezRuduli iyo, xolo wmida sinodis Semadgenloba _ arasruli (5-7
mRvdelmTavari), axali wmindanebis kanonizaciaze fiqri araseriozulad
aRiqmeboda. Tumca, 1979 wlidan, uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT,
saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Seiqmna sasuliero da saero mecnierTa komisia,
romelsac unda emsjela saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
mier axlo momavalSi wmindanebad Sesaracx pirTa Sesaxeb.
XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba
sabWouri azrovnebisa da Rirebulebebis msxvreviT daiwyo. am mxriv pirveli
seriozuli nabiji saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma samociqulo eklesiam
gadadga. 1987 wlis 20 ivliss, uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviTa da wmida sinodis
ganCinebiT, qarTveli erisa da saqarTvelos eklesiis winaSe gansakuTrebuli
damsaxurebisaTvis ilia WavWavaZe Seiracxa wmindanad da ewoda mas `wmida
ilia marTali~. uwmidesma da unetaresma SesaniSnavad axsna am didi pirovnebis
Rvawli: `ilia WavWavaZis moRvaweoba iwyeba saqarTvelosaTvis sabediswero
Jams, rodesac Cvenma qveyanam dakarga saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba,
rodesac saqarTvelos eklesias mohkveTes Tavi da daumorCiles ruseTis
eklesiis uwmides sinods, rodesac qarTveli inteligencia da Tavadaznauroba
iyo umoqmedo da kmayofili ruseTis imperatorisgan boZebuli TanamdebobebiT
da Cin-medlebiT. am dros RvTis gangebiT mogvevlina ilia WavWavaZe, rogorc
winaswarmetyveli, rogorc `xma mRaRadebeli udabnosa Sina~, rogorc sityva
marTali da WeSmariti, rogorc mqadagebeli da winamZRvari. man aRasrula
Tavisi Tavdadebuli cxovrebiT mcneba uflisa: `romel hnebavs Semdgomad
Cemda, uarhyavn Tavi Tvisi da aRiRen jvari Tvisi da Semomidgebian me~ (maTe
16,24). man aRasrula ufro metic, mxolod Tavisi jvari ki ara, mTeli eris
jvari itvirTa~.
89
ilia WavWavaZis wmindanad Seracxvas didi gamoxmaureba mohyva
saqarTveloSi. sagazeTo interviuSi saTauriT `marTali viTarca finiki
aRyuavnes~, patriarqma kidev erTxel aRniSna, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis mier
ilia WavWavaZis wmindanad Seracxva aRiarebaa ara marto ilias pirovnebisa,
aramed im didi saqmisa da idealebisa, romelTac igi mTeli cxovrebis manZilze
erTgulad emsaxureboda.
erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi da eklesiuri TavisTavadobis idealebis
erTgulebisaTvis, uwmidesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviTa
da wmida sinodis ganCinebiT, 1995-2015 wlebSi wmindanebad Seiracxnen
kaTolikosebi: petre I da samoeli; kaTolikos-patriarqebi: melqisedek I,
kirion II da ambrosi (xelaia); quTaTeli mitropoliti nazari da samRvdelo
krebuli misi; episkoposebi: zosime kumurdoeli, aleqsandre (oqropiriZe),
gabrieli (qiqoZe); mitropolitebi: dosiTeoz quTaTeli da eqvTime gaenaTeli;
imerTa mefe solomon II, cotne dadiani, saqarTvelos erovnuli Rirsebis
dasacavad msxverplad Sewiruli dimitri yifiani, eqvTime TayaiSvili; mRvdel-
monazonni: Teodore aWareli, ilarion qarTveli, ioane (maisuraZe), giorgi
(mxeiZe), grigoli (feraZe), aleqsi (SuSania), eqvTime (kereseliZe), klarjeTis
udabnos Rirsni mamani da dedani, Tevdore kvelTeli, wmida mowameni qarTvelni,
sparseTSi mowyvetilni... 2012 wlis 20 dekembers wmida sinodma miiRo ganCineba
arqimandrit gabrielis (urgebaZe) wmindanad Seracxvis Sesaxeb. uwmidesma da
unetaresma wmindanTa dasSi SeracxviT xelaxla gaaciskrovna maTi didni saqmeni
da gaaZliera zeciuri saqarTvelo. TiToeuli wmindanis xsenebis dRes patriarqi
morwmune qarTvelobas Seaxsenebs maT Rvawlsa da Tavdadebas samSoblosa da
dedaeklesiisaTvis. saqarTveloSi Seiqmna axladSeracxil wmindanTa xatebi,
maT saxelze Sendeba eklesiebi. patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT, Znelbedobis
Jams marTlmadideblTa cnobierebaSi gafermkrTalebuli didi saeklesio
dResaswaulebi kvlav sazeimo da tradiciuli gaxda.
patriarqi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs samociqulo avto-
kefaliuri eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis, Sidasaeklesio kanonmdeblobis srul-
yofis sakiTxebs. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg, XX saukuneSi, cameti saeklesio kreba Catarda,
romelnic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis kaTolikos-
patriarqebis arCevnebs, eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebaTa damtkicebas
mieZRvna. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebebi
damtkicda 1917, 1927, 1945, 1995 wlebSi. ilia II-is moRvaweobis periodSi Catarda
me-12 saeklesio kreba (1977w.) da me-13 gafarToebuli kreba (1995 w.), romelmac
daamtkica saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis marTva-
gamgeobis axali debuleba. uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is didi Zalisxmevis
Sedegia is, rom postsabWoTa sivrceSi saqarTvelo erTaderTi qveyanaa,
90
romlis eklesiam 2002 wlis 14 oqtombers gaaforma konstituciuri SeTanxmeba
(konkordati) saxelmwifosTan, romlis Tanaxmadac saqarTvelos saxelmwifo
aRiarebs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis gansakuTrebul
mniSvnelobas. am SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, `eklesia warmoadgens istoriulad
Camoyalibebul sajaro samarTlis subieqts, romelic Tavis saqmianobas
warmarTavs saeklesio samarTlis normebiT. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis
Sesabamisad, eklesiis sakuTreba da sxva qonebrivi uflebebi daculia kanoniT.
saxelmwifo eklesiis sakuTrebad cnobs saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze
arsebul marTlmadideblur taZrebs, monastrebs (moqmedsa da aramoqmeds), maT
nangrevebs, agreTve miwis nakveTebs, romlebzec isinia ganlagebuli. saxelmwifo
eklesiis sakuTrebad cnobs saxelmwifo dacvaSi (muzeumebsa da sacavebSi) myof
saeklesio saganZurs, saxelmwifo da eklesia erToblivad zrunaven istoriul-
kulturuli da arqeologiur-arqiteqturuli faseulobebis mqone saeklesio
nagebobebisa da saeklesio saganZuris dacvisa da movla-patronobisaTvis.
saxelmwifo adasturebs XIX-XX saukuneebSi (gansakuTrebiT 1921-1990 wlebSi),
saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis dakargvis periodSi, eklesiisaTvis
materialuri da moraluri zianis miyenebis faqts, rogorc CamorTmeuli
qonebis nawilis faqtobrivi mflobeli, iRebs valdebulebas materialuri
zianis nawilobriv kompensaciaze~. am SeTanxmebis xelmoweriT aRmoifxvra is
usamarTloba, romelsac bolSevikuri xelisufleba axorcielebda saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis mimarT (devna-Seviwroeba, iuridiuli
statusis CamorTmeva) da eklesiasa da saxelmwifos Soris urTierTobis
mowesrigebis winapiroba gaxda.
91
Tavi VI. erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba.saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia _ qarTvelTa erTianobis simbolo
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia qarTveli xalxis
Tavisuflebis simboloa. Sua saukuneebSi mravalricxovan mtrebTan
brZolaSi saero pirebTan erTad sasuliero pirebic monawileobdnen.
dedaeklesia ara marto sulierad amxnevebda samwysos, aramed saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi brZolis wina xazzec idga. mravalma sasuliero pirma samSoblo
mowamebrivi sikvdiliT ixsna gansacdelisagan. Tevdore kvelTelis
magaliTi naTeli dasturia sasuliero pirTa Tavdadebisa da simtkicisa.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis bavSvobam da studentobam saqarTvelos
sazRvrebs iqiT Caiara, magram misi ojaxi vladikavkazSi saqarTvelos siyvaruliT
iyo aRsavse. giorgi simonis Ze SiolaSvilma umcros vaJiSvils qarTl-kaxeTis
gmiri mefis _ erekle II-is pativsacemad irakli daarqva. bunebrivia, siyrmesa
da siymawvileSi momavali patriarqi ojaxSi xSirad moismenda samSoblosaTvis
Tavdadebuli ̀ patara kaxis~ brZolebis Sesaxeb. vladikavkazis qarTvelobisaTvis
mniSvnelovani iyo wmida ninos saxelobis qarTuli eklesia da qarTuli skola.
garda amisa, iqidan mSobliur snomde xom erTi saaTis gza iyo gasavleli.
SiolaSvilebis ojaxi zafxuls tradiciulad xevSi _ snoSi atarebda. momavali
patriarqis msoflmxedvelobis formirebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda
wmida qalaq mcxeTaSi sauflo kvarTis dResaswaulebze daswrebas.
sasuliero seminariasa da akademiaSi swavlis dros axalgazrda irakli
SiolaSvils kidev ufro gaumZafrda samSoblos siyvaruli. axalgazrda
seminarieli araerTxel acremlebula uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis anton II-is tragikuli cxovrebis gamo.
igi gaocebuli iyo uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II-is gautexelobiTa da
samSoblosaTvis TavdadebiT. mis mexsierebaSi samudamod aRibeWda kaTolikos-
patriarqi kalistrate, romelmac daloca imxanad ymawvili, momavali
kaTolikos-patriarqi. student irakli SiolaSvilis sakvalifikacio Temac _
`aTonis iverTa monastris istoria~ _ samSoblosa da dedaeklesias eZRvneboda.
saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli momavali kaTolikos-patriarqi didi
yuradRebiT usmenda saqarTvelos eklesiis cocxal matianeebs: kaTolikos-
patriarq efrem II-s, evagre diasamiZes, parTen afciaurs, naom SavianiZes. cxum-
afxazeTSi, TiTqmis garusebul eparqiaSi, Tavisi mRvdelmTavrobis periodSi,
man 12 qarTveli sasuliero piri Caiyvana da moqmed eklesiebSi daadgina.
rogorc Cans, misma oponentebma icodnen mitropolit ilias popularoba
qarTvel disidentebSi, amitom siamovnebiT afrines depeSa moskovSi _ momavali
patriarqis komunisturi sistemisadmi uaryofiTi ganwyobis Sesaxeb.
92
moskovis mizani, 1956 wlis 9 martis sisxliani angariSsworebiT
daeSinebina xalxi, uSedego aRmoCnda. sisxliani tragediis Semdeg sul male
TbilisSi gamoCnda proklamaciebi: `dgeba Cveni eris yofna-aryofnis sakiTxi,
droa SeverTdeT erTi droSis qveS Cveni samSoblos dampyroblis winaaRmdeg
sabrZolvelad~. dampyrobeli sabWoTa imperia kidev ufro aZlierebda zewolas
respublikebze, internacionalizmis droSiT daundoblad ebrZoda erovnuli
cnobierebis safuZvlebs: saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias,
qarTul enasa da literaturas.
aseTi daufaravi rusifikacia qarTveli inteligenciis ukmayofilebisa
da erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis aRmavlobis safuZveli gaxda.
XX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi moqmedebda ramdenime aralegaluri
organizacia, romelTa mizani qarTveli xalxis erovnuli interesebisaTvis
brZola iyo. erovnuli moZraobis mesveurni TavianTi rigebis gaZlierebas
sasuliero pirebTan kontaqtis meSveobiT cdilobdnen, magram, radgan
sasuliero pirTa umravlesobas sakuTar Tavze hqonda gamocdili 1920-50-iani
wlebis represiebi, gadasaxleba, terori, maTi erovnul moZraobaSi CarTva
saTuo iyo. axalgazrda sasuliero pirebis erovnul moZraobaSi monawileobas
didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda. jer mRvdelmonazoni, Semdeg episkoposi,
mitropoliti da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da
unetaresi ilia II did saqmes akeTebda _ axali sasuliero kadrebis momzadeba,
sazRvargareTul qarTul samonastro centrebTan urTierTobis aRdgena,
brZola saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis
saerTaSoriso aRiarebisaTvis Tu cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis iurisdiqciis ganmtkiceba...
TiToeuli misi nabiji Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisaTvis mebrZoli
qarTveli axalgazrdobis STagonebis safuZveli gaxda. patriarqis mogzauroba
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi, samSoblos siyvaruliT gamTbari qadagebebi
yvela qarTvelis guls salbunad edeboda. uwmidesma da unetaresma aRadgina
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi qarTvel mefeTa da
wmindanebad Seracxul saero da sasuliero moRvaweTa xsenebis dReebis
gansakuTrebulad sazeimo viTarebaSi aRniSvna. aTasobiT axalgazrda kvlav
daubrunda Tavis istoriul fesvebs da gatacebiT daiwyo mravaltanjuli
saqarTvelos istoriisa da literaturis Seswavla. gasuli saukunis 70-80-ian
wlebSi yvelaze prestiJul specialobebad istorikosoba da filologoba iqca.
XX saukunis 70-iani wlebis movlenebTan dakavSirebiT patriarqi aRniSnavs:
`Cvenma eklesiam gansakuTrebuli roli Seasrula erovnuli moZraobis
aRmavlobis saqmeSi. Cvenma axalgazrda politikosebma swored aq daiwyes
TavianTi moRvaweoba... rodesac eklesiaSi inteligenciisa da axalgazrdobis
mosvlis Sesaxeb vsaubrob, minda ganvmarto, amis mizezi iyo ara imdenad rwmena,
93
ramdenadac Zieba rwmenisa. maT ukve aRar swamdaT komunisturi ideebisa da
eklesias moaSures, rwmena da suliereba maT eklesiam misca~ am viTarebaSi
sabWoTa specsamsaxurebma amoqmedes XX saukunis 20-ian wlebSi Cadebuli
naRmebi da erovnuli TavisTavadobisaTvis mebrZol urC respublikebSi
xeli Seuwyves ukanonod Seqmnil avtonomiur warmonaqmnTa separatistul
moZraobas. Tavisuflebisa da demokratiuli RirebulebebisaTvis mebrZol
qarTvelobas afxazi da osi seperatistebis meSveobiT ruseTis reaqciuli
Zalebi upirispirdebodnen.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis idea kidev
ufro popularuli gaxda 1988 wlis noembris masobrivi aqciebis Semdeg.
1989 wlis mart-aprilSi, afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikaSi _ politikuri
viTarebis gamwvavebis fonze _ Tbilissa da saqarTvelos sxva qalaqebSi sabWoTa
kavSiris politikuri xelmZRvanelobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli masobrivi
gamosvlebi daiwyo. 1989 wlis 4 aprilidan saprotesto aqciebis centrad
Tbilisi, mTavrobis sasaxlis moedani iqca. saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
damoukideblobis aRdgenis moTxovna mTavari iyo, ramac moskovis ganrisxeba
gamoiwvia. moskovis sakavSiro mTavrobis miTiTebiT, adgilobrivma marionetulma
xelisuflebam gadawyvetileba miiRo 8 aprils mTavrobis sasaxlis wina
moednis momitingeTagan ZaliT ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. dedaqalaqSi situacia
umarTavi gaxda. momitingeTa raodenoba izrdeboda. Tbilisis vazianis
aeroportSi samxedro TviTmfrinavebiT aTasobiT jariskaci Camoiyvanes.
dedaqalaqis quCebSi samxedro teqnika gamoCnda. Ramis 12 saaTze tankebi sionis
eklesiasTan, sanapiro quCaze gamovidnen. patriarqma gadawyvita misuliyo
mTavrobis sasaxlesTan. `Ramis 3 saaTze me mivedi mTavrobis sasaxlesTan da
iq myofni gavafrTxile, rom saSiSroeba realuri iyo. vTxove, salocavad
Sesuliyvnen iqve axlos mdebare qvaSueTis wmida giorgis saxelobis eklesiaSi.
demonstracia mSvidobiani iyo, isini aravis ar emuqrebodnen da amitomac
veravin warmoidgenda, rom maT winaaRmdeg xelketebs, niCbebs da momwamvlel
gazs gamoiyenebdnen. Tumc ar vicodi, ra unda momxdariyo, magram saSinelma
winaTgrZnobam momicva da gadavwyvite, maTTan erTad davrCeniliyavi, rom
maTi xvedri gameziarebina~ _ brZana maSin saqarTvelos patriarqma. mTavrobis
saxlis win saSineli angariSsworeba daiwyo, kbilebamde SeiaraRebuli rusi
jariskacebi daundoblad arbevdnen momitingeebs. uwmidesi da unetaresi
xalxma samSvidoboze gaiyvana.
gaTenda 9 aprili. Tbilisi sabWoTa jarebis mier iyo okupirebuli.
xalxi Savi droSebiT gamovida quCebSi da ase gamoxata protesti momxdaris
gamo. daiRupa 21 da moiwamla aTasobiT adamiani. 9 aprils ilia II-m sionis
sapatriarqo taZarSi gardacvlilTa mosaxsenebeli pirveli panaSvidi
gadaixada da maT samSoblos TavisuflebisaTvis msxverplad Sewirulebi
94
uwoda. _ Cven vglovobT, magram amave dros, vmadlobT RmerTs, rom gvyolia
mravali gmiri, romlebic mzad arian Tavi Seswiron samSoblos. maTi saxelebi
ukvdavia, _ Tqva man.
panaSvidis dros xalxi tiroda. saRamos sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi
ToTxmeti gardacvlili moasvenes. es iyo umZimesi dReebi yvela qarTvelisaTvis,
umZimesi iyo patriarqisTvis, romelsac, rTuli viTarebis miuxedavad,
sruliad saqarTvelo unda gaemxnevebina. verc komendantis saaTma da verc
represiebma ver Searyia qarTveli xalxis swrafva Tavisuflebisaken. Tbilissa
da saqarTvelos sxvadasxva qalaqSi adamianebi masobrivad tovebdnen sabWoTa
kavSiris kompartiis rigebs, mandatebs ki koconze wvavdnen.
9 aprilis movlenebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi azrovnebis wesi Seicvala.
komunisturma ideologiam sruli kraxi ganicada. sabWoTa ideologiuri
samsaxurebis mcdeloba TbilisSi ganviTarebuli movlenebi erT muWa
`antisocialisturi brbos mcdeloba iyo gamoewviaT uwesrigoba da areuloba~
aravin daijera. moskovis presa imasac werda TiTqos 9 aprils gamTeniisas
rusTavelis gamzirze aboboqrebul brbos saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis
mkvleloba hqonda ganzraxuli da igi rusma jariskacebma ixsnes. amas patriarqma
aseTi gancxadebiT upasuxa: `centralur presaSi araerTxel daiwera, TiTqos
demonstrantebs CemTvis Seuracxyofa moeyenebinoT swori ar aris. piriqiT,
roca mSvidobiani demonstrantebis winaaRmdeg tankebi daiZrnen, Cems win
axalgazrdebma kedeli aRmarTes, raTa xifaTi ara SemTxveoda ra~.
eris sulieri winamZRoli daufaravad mianiSnebda im samwuxaro da
saxifaTo tendencias Sesaxeb, romelic saqarTveloSi 1989 wlis 9 aprilis Semdeg
viTardeboda. erTis mxriv xalxma gaiTavisa saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
Tavisuflebis idea, magram meores mxriv `dadga dro ufrosi Taobis jer
arnaxuli daundobeli lanZRvisa im sababiT, TiTqos man daRupa saqarTvelo. is
ki gvaviwydeba, rom XIX-XX saukuneebSi Cveni eris cxovrebaSi momxdari faqtebi
Sedegi iyo swored qarTvelTa sulieri donis dakninebisa, sulmokleobisa,
urTierTmtrobisa~. patriarqi grZnobda, rom sxvadasxva politikur partiebad
daqsaqsul qarTvel erSi gaRrmavdeboda urTierTdapirispireba, romelic Cveni
qveynisaTvis mZime SedegebiT dasruldeboda. misi iniciativiT, 1990 wlis 19
marts sxvadasxva politikuri partiis liderebma sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi
erTianobis fici dades: `am dRes imZlavra CvenSi miZinebulma siyvarulma,
SeerTda daqsaqsuli qarTuli suli, sinanulis madliT ganibana da Tanadgomisa
da TanagrZnobis surviliT aRvsili erTgulebis ficiT warsdga RvTis winaSe
.... RmerTma isminos maTi, RmerTma dalocos da Sekras saqarTvelo~.
uwmidesi da unetaresi Tavis qadagebebsa da epistoleebSi afrTxilebda
qarTvelobas, yofiliyo mimtevebeli, didsulovani da winaparTa Rvawlis
damfasebeli, rom Sejibri da qiSpoba, vin ufro kargi qarTvelia, vis ufro
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uyvars Cveni samSoblo, Seuwynarebloba gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis mimarT
da gacxarebuli polemikis dros erTmaneTis Semkoba samSoblos moRalatis
iarliyiT saqarTvelos momavlisaTvis did safrTxes warmoadgenda.
`Tavisufleba ar aris yvelafris ufleba, aramed igia mudmivi TviTkontroli
da misi saSualebiT codvis monobisagan Tavis daRweva; Tavisufleba mSvenieria,
sasurveli da axlobeli, magram igi, amave dros, saSiSicaa, radgan TiToeul
Cvengans did pasuxismgeblobas akisrebs. Tavisufleba adamians aZlevs arCevanis,
iniciativis gamoCenis, Sexedulebebis Secvlis saSualebas... magram, amave dros,
pasuxsac sTxovs yvela mis moqmedebasa da gadawyvetilebaze~, _ aRniSnavda
uwmidesi da unetaresi.
1990 wlis 28 oqtombris mravalpartiuli arCevnebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi
damarcxda komunisturi xelisufleba da gaimarjva erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli
moZraobis im frTam, romelsac saTaveSi zviad gamsaxurdia edga. 14 noembers
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sabWos Tavmjdomared zviad gamsaxurdia airCies. uzenaesi
sabWos am istoriul sxdomas miesalma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II. axalma erovnulma xelisuflebam daiwyo
komunisturi sistemis demontaJi: 1991 wlis 31 marts saqarTveloSi Catarda
referendumi saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis moTxovniT,
rasac mosaxleobis umravlesobam mxari dauWira; 1991 wlis 9 aprils saqarTvelos
uzenaesma sabWom gamoacxada saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis
aRdgena; 26 maiss zviad gamsaxurdia gaxda saqarTvelos pirveli prezidenti.
rogorc man ganacxada, iwyeboda saqarTvelos golgoTa. jer kidev arsebulma
sabWoTa imperiam Cveni qveynis winaaRmdeg amuSava mis xelT arsebuli yvela
berketi: sainformacio omi, eTnokonfliqtebis inspirireba afxazeTsa da Sida
qarTlSi, ZirgamomTxreli saqmianoba eTnikurad araqarTvelebiT dasaxlebul
regionebSi. amas daerTo xelisuflebis gareT darCenil opoziciur partiaTa
mkveTri dapirispireba erovnul xelisuflebasTan.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II grZnobda Seqmnili viTarebis seriozulobas.
igi sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi xvdeboda erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli
moZraobis, inteligenciis, xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs, mouwodebda, rom
molaparakebaTa gziT gadaewyvitaT arsebuli uTanxmoebani. sapatriarqoSi
Sexvedrebze miwveuli politikur partiaTa warmomadgenlebi ismendnen mis
azrs, rom `dRes WeSmarit rwmenas urwmunoeba ki ar upiripirdeba, aramed,
cru sarwmunoeba, romelsac WeSmaritebis didi pretenzia aqvs. namdvil
Tavisuflebas TviTneboba da TavaSvebuloba cvlis, romelic isev urcxvad
iCemebs Tavisuflebis saxels.~.. magram yurad ar iRebdnen da kvlavac
Tavisas ganagrZobdnen. uwmidesi da unetaresi gauTavebeli mitingebiTa da
urTierTbraldebebiT damZimebul qarTvelobas afrTxilebda: `gonierni maSin
viqnebiT, Tu saqmis keTebas daviwyebT ara lanZRviT, aramed erTmaneTis gverdSi
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amodgomiT, erTmaneTis mosmeniT, urTierTgagebiT, kargi ideebis gaziarebiT.
sxva gza ar arsebobs, sxva gza damRupvelia~.
samwuxarod, qarTveli xalxi ver iTvaliswinebda istoriis mware gakveTilebs.
jer kidev XV saukunis 40-50-ian wlebSi, rodesac bizantiis imperia ukanasknel
dReebs iTvlida, msoflio politikur asparezze axali agresiuli osmaleTi
gamodioda. imis nacvlad, rom mosalodneli saSiSroeba gaeTvaliswinebinaT,
qarTveli mefe-mTavarni urTierTdapirispirebis WaobSi gadaeSvnen da Sedegad
XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi provinciebad daSlili, iran-osmaleTis saTareSod qceuli
saqarTvelo miiRes. 1990-1991 wlebSi, rodesac sabWoTa imperiam saqarTvelos
saxiT pirveli Tavisuflebismoyvare urCi respublika miiRo da mis winaaRmdeg
brZola gaaCaRa, qarTvelobas erTsulovneba da monoliTuroba sWirdeboda.
antiqarTuli isteriis koconi gizgizebda afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi,
qarTveloba urTierTdapirispirebisa da mitingebis ferxulSi Caeba. erovnuli
xelisuflebis seriozuli Secdoma iyo opoziciasTan TanamSromlobaze uaris
Tqma, Tumca opoziciac verasodes gaimarTlebs Tavs imiT, rom 1991 wlis 4
seqtembris incidentiTa da saprotesto moZraobis aRmavlobiT did erovnul
saqmes vakeTebdiTo.
patriarqma kidev erTxel scada saqarTveloSi Seqmnili umZimesi
politikuri viTarebis ganmuxtva. `miuxedavad imisa, rom sulsa da xasiaTSi
gvizis siCqare, sulswrafoba unda daviokoT, xom faqtia, rom vCqarobT, bevr
Secdomas vuSvebT`_ aRniSnavda igi. man 1990 wlis seqtemberSi mTavrobisa da
opoziciis warmomadgenlebi Tavis rezidenciaSi miiwvia mosalaparakeblad.
saqarTvelos patriarqs Tavisi xeliT Camouweria molaparakebaze gansaxilveli
sakiTxebi: `1. orive mxarem SeinarCunos poziciebi; 2. SeCerdes gamosvlebi; 3.
prezidentma gaakeTos gancxadeba, rom xalxi wavides saxlebSi; 4. dainiSnos
uzenaesi sabWos sesia; 5. televiziaSi dainiSnos opoziciis saaTi; 6.
ganTavisufldnen politpatimrebi; 7. aRiarebul iqnes opozicia~. samwuxarod,
SeTanxmeba ver moxerxda...
1991 wlis oqtomber-noemberSi saqarTveloSi daiwyo umarTavi procesebi,
romlebic gadaizarda 1991-1992 wlebis dekember-ianvris samoqalaqo
dapirispirebaSi. zviad gamsaxurdias xelisufleba samxedro ZaliT daemxo.
qveyanaSi samoqalaqo omi daiwyo. ilia II-is mcdeloba, SeeCerebina es procesi,
uSedego aRmoCnda. uwmidesma da unetaresma 1991 wlis 23 dekembers kidev
erTxel mimarTa qarTvel ers: `umZimesia dRevandeli mdgomareoba, saqarTvelo
misulia daRupvis piramde, iRvreba qarTvelTa sisxli, saqarTvelos emuqreba
samoqalaqo omi. vxedavT ra daZabul situacias, movuwodeT dapirispirebul
mxareebs dialogisaken, raTa mSvidobiani gziT gadawyvetiliyo problemebi,
Tavidan agvecilebina ZmaTa sisxlisRvra. dialogi marTlac Sedga, magram
nayofi ver gamoiRo. vgrZnobT ra momaval mZime Sedegebs, saqarTvelos
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eklesiis, samRvdeloebisa da morwmune eris saxeliT, kidev erTxel mogmarTavT
dapirispirebul mxareebs: gamoiCineT sibrZne da goniereba, igrZeniT
pasuxismgebloba RvTisa da eris winaSe da yvelaferi gaakeTeT imisaTvis, rom
mSvidobiani molaparakebis gziT gadawyvitoT sadavo sakiTxebi, momavali Taoba
daafasebs Tqvens keTilgonierebas~. samwuxarod, eris sulieri mamis Segoneba
arc amjerad Seismines.
rusTavelis gamzirze pirveli tyvia gavarda... 1991 wlis 24 dekembridan
1992 wlis 6 ianvramde saqarTvelos dedaqalaqis centraluri ubani rusTavelis
prospeqti cecxlis alSi iyo gaxveuli. gareSe Zalebis waqezebiTa da mxardaWeriT
opoziciurma Zalebma daamxes zviad gamsaxurdias xelisufleba. gamsaxurdia
jer somxeTSi, iqidan ki groznoSi gadavida. TbilisSi samxedro sabWo Seiqmna.
dapirispirebam gadainacvla saqarTvelos regionebSi, rasac katastrofuli
Sedegebi mohyva Cveni cxovrebis yvela sferoSi.
samoqalaqo dapirispirebam saqarTveloSi ara marto materialuri, aramed
sulieri cxovrebis Rrma krizisic gamoiwvia. `ZmaTa sisxlisRvriT gamowveuli
tkivili bolomde gacnobierebuli ar aris, _ aRniSnavda saqarTvelos patriarqi,
_ tragedia moxda, magram Seqmnili mdgomareobidan gamosasvlel swor gzas
ver vipoviT, Tu movlenebs miukerZoeblad ar gavaanalizebT da yvelasaTvis
samwuxaro Sedegis mizezebs ar aRmovfxvriT. saqarTvelos istoriaSi moxda
metad savalalo faqti: eri daiyo. qalaqebsa da soflebSi, samsaxurebSi,
mosaxleoba daupirispirda erTmaneTs, daupirispirda Taobebi, ojaxis wevrebi~.
uwmidesi da unetaresi xelaxla Seudga eris sulieri gamTlianebis
rTul process. amave dros, patriarqma _ saqarTvelosaTvis Tavsmoxveuli
inspirirebuli konfliqtebis pirobebSi, rodesac qveyana realurad istoriuli
teritoriebis warTmevis safrTxis winaSe dadga, qveynis saTaveSi samoqalaqo
dapirispirebis fonze mosul xelisuflebas ki aranairi avtoriteti ar hqonda
_ TviTon ikisra axali qarTuli saxelmwifos saero da sasuliero meTauris
misia. man jer kidev 1992 wlis oqtomberSi mimarTa ruseTis patriarq aleqsi
II-s da afxazeTSi datrialebul tragediaSi brali ruseTis im Zalebs dasdo,
romelnic ver eguebodnen saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv damoukideblobas.
ilia II-m gaeros generalur mdivans _ baton butros galis mosTxova, saqarTvelo
ruseTis agresiisagan msoflio Tanamegobrobas daecva, xolo ruseTis
prezident boris elcins _ qmediTi RonisZiebebis gatareba, raTa aRkveTiliyo
ruseTis federaciis teritoriidan SeiaraRebuli `boevikebis~ Semosvla,
ruseTis samxedro bazebidan sabrZolo teqnikis Semotana da daufaravi agresia
saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg.
kaTolikos-patriarqi grZnobda, rom Tu saqarTveloSi samxedro
xelisuflebis Semdeg arCevnebis gziT mosuli axali xelisufleba ar
gadadgamda qmediT nabijebs erovnuli Serigebis, qveynis ekonomikis
98
gajansaRebis, saerTaSoriso aRiarebisa da saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi yvela
erisa da erovnebis mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebisaken, saqarTvelos axladSeqmnil
saxelmwifos momavali ar eqneboda. patriarqi afrTxilebda im adamianebs,
romelTac Tavisufleba yvelafris uflebad miaCndaT: `gana SeiZleba WeSmarit
Tavisuflebaze saubari iq, sadac uars amboben zneobriv cxovrebaze da mis
nacvlad propaganda eweva `yvelaferi nebadarTulia`-s princips? nuTu
normaluri yofa eTqmis im garemos, sadac adamianis katastrofuli sulieri
dacemis process Tavisuflebisaken swrafvad saxelsdeben da saSineli codvis
monobas adamianis bunebriv mdgomareobad acxadeben?~.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia 1991-1992 wlebis
dekember-ianvris movlenebis, 1992-1993 wlebSi samoqalaqo dapirispirebis,
afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi datrialebuli tragikuli movlenebis Semdeg
sxvadasxva politikuri Sexedulebis mixedviT daqucmacebul saqarTveloSi
erTiani erovnuli da saxelmwifoebrivi cnobierebis simbolo iyo.
saqarTvelosaTvis erT-erT mtkivneul problemad afxazeTis sakiTxi
iqca. is, rac XIX saukuneSi ver moaxerxa ruseTma, XX saukunis dasawyisidan
warmatebiT ganaxorciela. afxazebis garkveul nawilSi gaCnda qarTvelTagan
gaucxoebis tendencia. garusebuli afxazebisaTvis miuRebeli aRmoCnda
1918-1921 wlebis saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika, magram im dros
saqarTvelos mTavrobam moaxerxa separatistuli tendenciebis aRkveTa da
saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi mTlianobis SenarCuneba. 1921 wlis TebervalSi
sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobisa da avtonomiebad daqucmacebis
Semdeg afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikaSi, moskovis waqezebiT, antiqarTulma
moZraobam mizanmimarTuli xasiaTi SeiZina. am dros araerTi wigni da statia
daibeWda afxazebis, gaafxazebuli qarTvelebisa da rusebis avtorobiT,
romlebSic gayalbebuli iyo afxazTa da qarTvelTa urTierTobis sakiTxebi.
gayalbebuli istoria iqca afxaz separatistTa ideologiur safuZvlad. qarTvel
istorikosebs ufleba ar hqondaT, pasuxi gaecaT istoriis gamyalbeblebisaTvis.
Seiqmna paradoqsuli viTareba _ afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis
teritoriaze mcxovrebi 300 000-ze meti qarTveli 80 aTasi afxazisagan
diskriminirebuli aRmoCnda. afxazoba privilegiad iqca. bevrma qarTvelma ver
gauZlo wnexs da gaafxazda. cxum-afxazeTis eparqia istoriulad saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis ganuyofeli nawili iyo, magram qarTuli
mosaxleobis mciredmorwmuneobis gamo afxazeTis teritoriaze mZlavrobda
rusi mrevli, romelsac saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi yofna ar
surda. religiis saqmeTa rwmunebuli afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikaSi a.
lagvilava aqtiurad TanamSromlobda separatistul ZalebTan da saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis iurisdiqciis Sesustebas cdilobda.
saqarTveloSi erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis aRmavlobis
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paralelurad afxazeTSi kidev ufro Zlierdeboda separatistuli tendenciebi,
rac saboloo jamSi, rusuli specsamsaxurebiT inspirirebul, 1992-1993 ww.
qarTul-afxazur samxedro konfliqtSi gadaizarda.
saqarTvelos patriarqma sagangebo weriliT mimarTa afxazebs: ̀ saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis saxeliT, kidev erTxel gamovTqvam did gulistkivils
imis gamo, rom saqarTveloSi, kerZod _ afxazeTSi, kvlav iRvreba sisxli gareSe
Zalebis CareviT. es is Zalebi arian, romelnic asazrdoeben centridanul
elementebs, isini ki, utopiuri ideebiT Sepyrobilni, miznad isaxaven Cveni
qveynis dayofas; magram es cdebi amaoa. afxazeTi iseTive ganuyofeli nawilia
saqarTvelosi, rogorc qarTli, imereTi, samegrelo... saukuneTa manZilze Cven
da afxazi xalxi vcxovrobdiT erTad da kvlavac vicxovrebT, Cven gvakavSirebs
ara marto erTi miwa-wyali, aramed _ naTesauri kavSiri da urTierTpativiscema.
mamaSviluri siyvaruliT mivmarTav yvelas: nu CaidenT danaSauls, romlisac
mere SegrcxvebaT, vicxovroT dalocvil saqarTveloSi erTad, mSvidobiTa da
TanxmobiT~.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II yvela oficialur Sexvedraze xazgasmiT
aRniSnavs, rom problemebi, romelnic ruseTsa da saqarTvelos urTierTobebSi
arsebobs, dakavSirebulia afxazeTisa da cxinvalis regionTan; saqarTvelo
arasodes Seurigdeba am teritoriebis dakargvas; ruseTs samxreTi sazRvrebis
stabilurobisaTvis erTiani saqarTvelo unda sWirdebodes.
patriarqi Tavis epistoleebSi araerTxel Seexo afxazeTis sakiTxs.
uwmidesi da unetaresi mouwodebs gansacdelSi Cavardnil qarTvelobas, ar
gaborotdes: `siyvaruli aduRabebs da amTlianebs sruliad saqarTvelos.
albaT esaa umTavresi mizezi imisa, rom warsulSic da axlac Sinauri Tu
gareSe mteri ar mogvklebia _ boroti Zala ebrZvis siyvarulis matarebel
ers, raTa es niWi daakargvinos, radgan icis, miznis miRwevis SemTxvevaSi,
ufals gangvaSorebs~. saqarTvelos patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT, cxum-
afxazeTis eparqiis samRvdeloeba gadanawilebulia im eparqiebSi, romlebSic
ltolvilebi cxovroben. patriarqi xvdeba maT, amxnevebs da afasebs maT
Tavdadebas, samSoblos TavisuflebisaTvis zvarakad SewirulTaTvis ixdis
sulis mosaxsenebel panaSvidebs. ilia II mianiSnebs afxazeTidan devnilebs,
rom erTianoba, uflisa da samSoblos siyvaruli aris is mTavari, ramac unda
dagvabrunos afxazeTSi.
qarTvelTa urTierTdapirispirebam da gautanlobam didi roli Seasrula
afxazeTSi datrialebul tragediaSi. istoriis gakveTilebi imisaTvis gvWirdeba,
rom aRar gavimeoroT Secdomebi. uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is locva-
kurTxeviT araerTi wigni gamovida afxazeTze, mis warsulsa da momavalze,
Catarda samecniero konferenciebi, romelTa mizani erTia _ pasuxi gaeces
istoriis gamyalbeblebs, moinaxos afxazeTTan megobruli urTierTobisa da
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ndobis aRdgenis gzebi, raTa qarTvelebma da afxazebma megobrulad icxovron
erTian saqarTveloSi.
afxazeTis teritoriaze, romelic faqtobrivad okupirebulia,
gaaqtiurebulia ori mimdinareoba, romelTagan erTs saTaveSi udgas dekanozi
besarioni (yofili filia aw apliad gardasaxuli _ s.v.). igi Tavis Tavs
acxadebs `afxazeTis eklesiis meTaurad~ da cdilobs ruseTis eklesiasTan
SeerTebas afxazeTSi marTlmadideblobis ganmtkicebis sababiT, xolo meore
jgufs _ doroTei dbari da misi jgufi, romelmac 2010-2011 wlebSi Seadgina
istoriuli faqtebis damaxinjebiT e.w. `afxazTa sakaTolikosos istoria~ da
daugzavna adgilobriv marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa meTaurebs.werilSi saqmis
viTareba isea warmodgenili, rom TiTqos afxazeTis teritoriaze uZvelesi
droidan mxolod afxazebi cxovrobdnen da rom saeklesio TvalsazrisiT
ukve IV saukunidan arsebobda afxazTa sakaTolikoso. werilSi CamoTvlilia
XV-XVIII saukuneebSi afxazi kaTolikosebi Tavisi qronologiiT. jer erTi
e.w. `afxazeTis~ sakaTolikoso, romelic VIII-IX saukuneebis mijnaze Seiqmna
yovelTvis iyo mxolod da mxolod qarTuli saeklesio organizacia, romlis
iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda mTel dasavleT saqarTveloze. misi warmoqmna
ukavSirdeboda dasavleT saqarTvelos mefeTa mkveTrad gamoxatul qarTul
saxelmwifoebriv ideologiur-kulturul moRvaweobas, romlis saboloo
mizani qarTuli eTnokulturuli da politikuri samyaros Sekvra da quTaisis
taxtis egidiT saerTo-qarTuli saxelmwifos Seqmna iyo. doroTei dbari
asaxelebs ra XV-XVIII saukuneebis afxazTa kaTolikosebs sagangebod Cqmalavs
maT vinaobas, isini iyvnen: qvariani, CxeiZe, nemsaZe, erisTavi, abaSiZe, ServaSiZe,
wulukiZe, sayvareliZe, lorTqifaniZe, maWutaZe. XIX saukuneSic egzarqosobis
xanaSi, afxazeTis eparqiis mmarTvelni iyvnen: germane gogolaSvili, geronti
papitaSvili, aleqsandre oqropiriZe, gabriel qiqoZe.
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg cxum-afxazeTis
eparqia yovelTvis saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi
Sedioda. aq moRvaweobdnen: wmida ambrosi aRmsarebeli, mitropolitebi: ioane
margiSvili, melqisedek fxalaZe, qristefore cicqiSvili, romanoz petriaSvili,
ilia SiolaSvili, nikoloz maxaraZe, daviT Wkadua, daniel daTuaSvili,
episkoposi pavle jafariZe, anton gigineiSvili, leonide Jvania.
dbarma moaxerxa ramdenime sasuliero pirTan erTad msoflio sapatriarqoSi
yovladuwmides barTolomeosTan Sexvedrac da moiTxova afxazeTis eklesiis
damoukideblobis aRiareba, magram adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi
aRiareben saqarTvelos eklesiis teritoriul avtokefalias da dbaris
survilebi ganuxorcielebel ocnebad darCeba. uwmidesi da unetaresi
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi amave dros aris cxum-afxazeTis
mitropoliti. amiT yvelaferia naTqvami.
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2008 wlis 9 agvistos, rodesac saqarTvelos sahaero sivrceSi ruseTis
federaciis bombdamSenebi Tbilisis Semogarens bombavdnen. daibomba maxaTas
mTa, Tbilisis saaviacio qarxnis teritoria, kojris midamoebi... Tbilisis
mosaxleobis nawili, CvilbavSviani dedebi samebis sakaTedro taZris teritorias
Seefarnen im imediT, rom aq ufro daculni iqnebodnen. mTeli is Rame patriarqi
samebis taZarSi imyofeboda da amxnevebda xalxs...
15 agvistos uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II konfliqtis zonaSi Sevida.
patriarqi pirvelad okupirebul q. gors estumra, Sexvda saokupacio jaris
xelmZRvanelobas, eparqiaSi mitropolit andrias, Semdeg ki gaemgzavra
cxinvalis raionSi. uwmidesisa da unetaresis ZalisxmeviT moxerxda asobiT
gardacvlilis gadmosveneba da qristianuli wesiT dakrZalva, daWrilebis
gadmoyvana. patriarqis niqozSi Casvlam kidev ufro didi sulieri Zala misca
mitropolit esaias, eparqiis samRvdeloebas, iq darCenil mosaxleobas.
2008 wlis 17 agvistos patriarqma sakaTedro taZarSi qadagebisas
ganacxada: ̀ Cvenma Casvlam iq imedi Caitana~. eris sulierma winamZRolma mouwoda
samwysos: `dRes, rogorc arasdros, eri unda iyos erT muStad Sekruli.
gvWirdeba erTi Zala, erTi neba, rom vZlioT mters~. 2008 wlis 25 agvistos
ruseTis federaciis saxelmwifo dumam saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mkacri
protestis miuxedavad, afxazeTisa da e. w. samxreT oseTis `damoukidebloba~
aRiara. amasTan dakavSirebiT man oficialurad ganacxada: `ruseTis mxridan
afxazeTisa da cxinvalis regionis damoukideblobis cnobiT msoflioSi xeli
ewyoba separatizms da amitomac saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba valdebulia xma
aRimaRlos amis winaaRmdeg. separatizmi gadamdebi, centridanuli, saSineli
Zalaa, romelic angrevs saxelmwifos safuZvlebs da Tu mas seriozuli gasaqani
mieca, dedamiwas qaosi moicavs. mcire erebi yvela saxelmwifoSia da maT rom
politikuri damoukidebloba moindomon, bunebrivia, daiwyeba dausrulebeli
omebi. mivmarTav ruseTis prezidents, baton dimitri medvedevsa da
premierministrs, vladimir putins _ saqarTvelodan afxazeTisa da cxinvalis
regionis gamoyofa metad saSiSia, TviTon ruseTisaTvis. es miscems biZgs Tqvens
qveyanaSic separatizmis ganviTarebas da momavalSic Tqven gacilebiT meti
problema geqnebaT, vidre es dRes saqarTveloSia~.
uwmidesma da unetaresma araerTgzis imogzaura samegreloSi. moiloca
yvela eklesia-monasteri, foTSi, zugdidSi, senakSi, martvilSi Sexvda
sazogadoebrobis warmomadgenlebs, inaxula afxazeTis konfliqtis dros
tragikulad aRsrulebuli Jiuli Sartavas mSoblebi, anugeSa isini da kidev
erTxel gaixsena afxazeTis omSi aRsrulebuli adamianebi, samSoblosa da
sarwmunoebisaTvis mebrZolni, romelTa Rvawlic didia RvTisa da samSoblos
winaSe. Tu 1977 wels samegrelos regionSi mxolod erTi _ Wyondidis eparqia
iyo, patriarqis RvawliT, 2015 wlisaTvis aq 4 moqmedi eparqiaa. saqarTvelos
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marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis ganCinebiT, wmindanebad
Seiracxnen am kuTxis Rirseuli Svilebi: daviT aRmaSeneblis aRmzrdeli da
moZRvari giorgi Wyondideli, cotne dadiani, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi (xelaia), beri aleqsi SuSania. uwmidesi
da unetaresi ilia II cdilobs Seumsubuqos, ganuqarvos samegrelos mkvidrT
gadatanili mwuxareba da tkivili.
2013 wlis 10-12 maiss uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II stumrobda Wyondidisa da foTis eparqiebs.
moiloca abaSis yovladwmida RvTismSoblis Sobis saxelobis taZari, daloca
Sekrebili mrevli da warmatebebi usurva Wyondidel mitropolit petres.
Semdeg estumra xobis axladaRdgenil samonastro kompleqss, romelic
aSenda biznesmen goderZi bukias finansuri mxardaWeriT. patriarqma
moiloca xobis yovladwmida RvTismSoblis miZinebis saxelobis XI saukunis
taZari, sadac saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi yovladwmida RvTismSoblis kvarTi
iyo dabrZanebuli. 12 maiss kviracxovlobis dResaswaulze uwmidesma da
unetaresma ilia II-m foTisa da xobis mitropolit grigolTan, saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis wevrebTan erTad sazeimod akurTxa
foTis sakaTedro taZari. uwmidesma kidev erTxel xazgasmiT gamoxata Tavisi
damokidebuleba am kuTxisadmi: `sruliad saqarTvelos samegrelos saxiT
didi burji hyavs, radgan aq Camosuli kaci gansakuTrebulad grZnobs, rom
saqarTveloSia. grZnobs gansakuTrebulad mduRare siyvaruls da mzaobas
imisa, rom qveynis keTildReobis saqmeSi ar daiSuros Tavisi Zal-Rone da
Tundac Tavisi sicocxlis fasad, saxelmwifo erTianobis mtkice safuZveli
Suqmnas~. uwmidesma da unetaresma foTis sakaTedro taZris ganaxleba ase
Seafasa: `yvelas gilocavT am bednier dRes... am didebuli taZris aRdgenas!
es taZari aRdgomis saxelobisaa da igi saqarTvelos ganaxlebisa da aRdgenis
simboloa~.
patriarqma saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi
samsaxuri 1960 wels aWaraSi, baTumis sakaTedro taZarSi daiwyo. iq msaxurebis
periodSi man kidev ufro axlos gaicno aWara, am kuTxis tragikuli istoria
Sua saukuneebSi. swored aWaridan gadmovida qristes mowafe wmida mociquli
andria pirvelwodebuli aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi qristianuli sarwmunoebis
saqadageblad. Sua saukuneebSi aWaraSi gamorCeuli iyo Tuxarisis, asizis,
forTas, anCis, ninowmidis, tbeTis, banas saepiskoposoebi; magram XVI saukunidan,
osmalTa mZlavrobiT, am kuTxeSi daiwyo qristianuli kerebis mospoba da
mosaxleobis gamahmadianeba. XIX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi aWara dedasamSoblos
daubrunda. mosaxleobis didi nawili gamahmadianebuli iyo. qarTveli xalxis
saukeTeso Svilebi _ ilia WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli, iakob gogebaSvili, niko
nikolaZe, giorgi wereTeli, giorgi yazbegi, dimitri baqraZe, zaqaria WiWinaZe
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_ yvelafers akeTebdnen, raTa aWaris qarTvelobas, sarwmunoebrivi gaucxoebis
miuxedavad, moexerxebina mWidro kavSiri danarCen saqarTvelosTan.
1917 wlis 9-17 seqtembers Semdgarma saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis pirvelma saeklesio krebam miiRo gadawyvetileba baTum-
Semoqmedis eparqiis Seqmnis Sesaxeb. eparqia 1930-ian wlebamde arsebobda,
xolo 50-iani wlebidan isev aRorZinda. eparqias sxvadasxva dros ganagebdnen
mitropolitebi: daviT kaWaxiZe, efrem sidamoniZe, romanoz petriaSvili.
1963 wels, wmida sinodis ganCinebiT, arqimandriti ilia baTum-Semoqmedeli
episkoposis xarisxSi aRamaRles; episkoposi ilia 1967 wlis 1 seqtembramde
ganagebda eparqias. am dros xelisufleba yvelanairad cdilobda, aWaraSi
qristianobis aRorZinebisaTvis xeli SeeSala. rodesac mitropoliti ilia
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis taxtze aRsaydrda, Tavis samuSao
dRiurSi, upirveles saqmeTa Soris, aWaraSi qristianobis ganmtkicebisaTvis
zrunva CainiSna. uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT, eparqiaSi sxvadasxva
dros moRvawe mRvdelmTavrebi _ Sio (avaliSvili), konstantine (meliqiZe), iobi
(aqiaSvili), dimitri (SiolaSvili) _ gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen
mosaxleobaSi misionerul saqmianobas.
1989 wlis 19 aprils aWaraSi momxdar stiqiur ubedurebas msxverpli
da ngreva mohyva. uwmidesi da unetaresi Cavida aWaraSi, moinaxula stiqiis
zona, xalxi anugeSa: `me movaled CavTvale Tavi, movsuliyavi am adgilze da
TanagrZnoba meTqva TqvenTvis... aWara saqarTvelos uZvirfasesi kuTxea. aq
iyvnen pirveli qristianebi. gaxsovdeT, arasodes ar gvWirdeboda erTianoba
ise, rogorc gvWirdeba dRes. erTad unda viyoT. im tragediis wuTebidan
mTeli saqarTvelo TqvenTan iyo, aseve _ eklesiac. ase unda viyoT sul... unda
giTxraT, rom guSin saocari dRe iyo. xuTi aTasze meti kaci moinaTla baTumSi.
visac gsurT, aqac mognaTlavT, gamovgzavni mRvdelmTavrebs, Tu saWiro iqneba,
mec Camoval da mognaTlavT. naTloba es aris sulis gadarCena.~..
uwmidesisa da unetaresis am mimarTvas saocari feriscvaleba mohyva
_ aWaraSi qristianobisaken mosaxleobis Semobrunebis procesi daiwyo.
saqarTvelos sulieri mwyemsmTavris sityvebi _ xSirad gansacdeli mSvidobisa
da keTildReobis winamorbediao _ aWaris mosaxleobisaTvis did nugeSad iqca.
2003 wels, rodesac msoflio patriarqma barTolomeos I-ma meored
imogzaura aWaraSi, man gancvifreba ver damala, imdenad didi iyo sxvaoba misi
pirveli vizitis Semdeg. saqarTvelos patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT, aWaraSi
1726 wels qristes rwmenis erTgulebisaTvis muslimani Turqebis mier wamebuli
qarTvelni wmindanebad Seiracxnen. wmindanTa dass Seemata agreTve abuseriZe
tbeli.
aWaram bevr gansacdels gauZlo da dedasamSoblos, qristianuli rwmenis
darajad darCa.
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2013 wlis 11 dekembers baTumis RvTismSoblis saxelobis taZarSi uwmidesma
da unetaresma ilia II-m 2000-ze meti adgilobrivi monaTla.
2013 wlis 18 ivniss patriarqi imyofeboda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos
xiWauris saswavlo universitetSi daloca profesor-maswavleblebi da
studentebi. misi uwmidesoba miiCnevs, rom aWara aris saqarTvelos is
RvTivkurTxeuli kuTxe, sadac I saukuneSi daenTo qristes lampari da iqca
ganmanaTleblad sruliad saqarTvelosaTvis.
2012 wlis 16 seqtembers quTaisSi sazeimo viTarebaSi gaixsna axladaRdgenili
bagratis sakaTedro taZari. patriarqma aRniSna: `Cven udidesi saswaulis
momswreni varT, vxedavT bagratis aRdgenil taZars, Cven vxarobT aRdgomis
sixaruliT, qriste aRsdga, bagratis taZari aRsdga, saqarTvelo aRsdga~.
kaTolikos-patriarqi yovelTvis gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiTa da interesiT
adevnebda Tvals istoriuli saqarTvelos im nawilis cxovrebas, romelic
dRes TurqeTis saqarTvelod _ tao-klarjeT-lazeTad aris cnobili. Sua
saukuneebis saqarTvelos politikur-sulieri da kulturul-saganmanaTleblo
cxovrebis istoriaSi gansakuTrebulia tao-klarjeTis roli. TiToeulma
wignierma qarTvelma icis artanujis, opizis, xanZTis, Satberdis, parexis,
berTas, wyarosTavis, anCis, oSkis, iSxanis, xaxulis, banas eklesia-monastrebi,
pativs scems iq moRvawe sasuliero pirebs, romelTac udidesi roli Seasrules
saqarTvelos istoriaSi. tao-klarjeTis eklesia-monastrebis, wmida xatebis,
unikaluri saeklesio wignebis gareSe xom warmoudgenelia saqarTvelos istoria.
tao-klarjeTis teritoriaze iyo 14 saepiskoposo: mawyverelis, kumurdoelis,
iSxnelis, anCelis, mtbevaris, wurwyabelis, eruSnelis, valaSkertelis, anelis,
karelis, banelis da dadeSnelis, arzrumelis... XVII saukunis 60-ian wlebSi
es saepiskoposoebi osmalebma gaauqmes. `episkoposni ivltodian kvaladca,
romelTa ara inebes gamahmadianeba: qarTls, imereTs, odiSs, gurias, kaxeTs~, _
dananebiT werda vaxuSti bagrationi.
XIX saukuneSi istoriuli tao-klarjeTis nawili daubrunda saqarTvelos...
1921 wels ki, sabWoTa ruseTsa da qemalisturi TurqeTis mTavrobas Soris
dadebuli SeTanxmebiT, tao-klarjeTi da lazeTi TurqeTis saxelmwifos
SemadgenlobaSi gadavida...
sabWoTa imperiis periodSi istoriul tao-klarjeTTan dakavSireba TiTqmis
warmoudgeneli iyo. gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi kinooperatorebma guram
pataraiam da irakli onofriSvilma naxevrad aralegalurad mainc moaxerxes
tao-klarjeTis siwmindeTa gadaReba. ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT wmida sinodma
1978 wels miiRo gadawyvetileba, rom awyuris eparqiis nacvlad Seqmniliyo
axalcixisa da samcxe-javaxeTis eparqia, xolo wmida sinodis 2002 wlis 17
oqtombris ganCinebiT, axalcixis episkoposis samwysos daemata tao-klarjeTisa
da lazeTis eparqia, romelic aerTianebs am teritoriaze istoriulad arsebul
105
14 saepiskoposos. sinodis am ganCinebiT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis iurisdiqcia ganivrco istoriuli saqarTvelos mTel
teritoriaze. saqarTvelosa da TurqeTs Soris damyarebuli keTilmezobluri
urTierTobis pirobebSi SesaZlebeli gaxda turistul jgufebSi gaerTianebul
momlocvelT moelocaT tao-klarjeTis qarTuli siwmindeni, Sexvedrodnen
TurqeTis qarTvelobas, sadac maTi raodenoba 3 milionze metia.
2003 wels uwmidesi da unetaresi sinodis wevrebTan erTad estumra tao-
klarjeTs, moiloca xaxulis, oSkis, iSxnis monastrebi. msoflio patriarq
barTolomeos I-Tan, aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis papsa da patriarq petre
VII-sTan erTad imyofeboda istoriul kapadokiaSi. pirvelad, mravali saukunis
Semdeg, RvTismsaxureba aRevlina wmida elenesa da konstantines saxelobis
taZarSi. wirvas umetesad qarTveli mrevli eswreboda. yvela grZnobda
istoriuli wuTebis sidiades. aRelvebuli iyo uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-
c. `wmida mamebi amboben, rom arsebobs sulTa kavSiri, _ brZana man, _ da Cven
gvwams, rom dRes, CvenTan erTad, aq imyofebian wmida ninos, wmida giorgis,
wmida basili didisa da sxvaTa, kabadokiel mamaTa da dedaTa sulebi. aRvavlenT
locvebs, rom mSvidoba, sixaruli, siyvaruli sufevdes Cvens Soris~.
msoflios asamde televizia iRebda liturgiis msaxurebas, milionobiT
adamiani ucqerda am eklesia-monastrebis istoriul patronebs _ sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqsa da mis Tanmxleb qarTvelebs. deda-
samSoblosTan siaxlovis, qarTvelobiT gamowveuli siamayis grZnoba kidev
ufro gaumZafrda TurqeTis qarTvelobas. Uuwmidesisa da unetaresis
locva-kurTxeviT, saqarTveloSi gaimarTa TurqeTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis
`Cveneburebis~ xalxuri simRerisa da cekvis koncerti. TurqeTis qarTveloba
dedasamSoblos, winaparTa miwis yivils grZnobs... patriarqi arasodes iviwyebs
maT: `gansakuTrebuli siyvaruliTa da mxurvale grZnobebiT mogmarTavT
Tqven, Cveno Zmebo, mcxovrebno samSoblos sazRvrebs gareT, mogmarTavT Tqven,
muslimanebo da qristianebo, Cven sisxliTa da xorciT erTni varT, miuxedavad
gansxvavebuli religiuri Sexedulebebisa. gaxsovdeT, rom Tqveni winaprebi
ganisveneben saqarTvelos wmida miwaSi; nu daiviwyebT, vina xarT, gaxsovdeT
RvTisgan dalocvili qarTuli ena da saukuneTa manZilze SenarCunebuli wminda
qarTuli tradiciebi... Cven marad gvaxsovxarT da dRedaRam vloculobT
TqvenTvis, Cveni eris gamTlianebisTvis~.
TurqeTSi mcxovreb qarTvelebSi erovnuli suliskveTebis gaZlierebis
mizniT saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis
qarTul universitetSi arsebuli qarTvelologiis ganyofileba yovelwliurad
awyobs saerTaSoriso konferenciebs, iwvevs maT am konferenciebze, sadac
msjeloben yvela im problemaze, rac maT winaSe dgas.
istoriuli ukuRmarTobiT 1921 wlidan aRmosavleT kaxeTis nawili _
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hereTi (saingilo) _ saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT darCa. es kuTxe saqarTvelos
istoriaSi cnobili iyo qristianuli sarwmunoebisadmi TavdadebiTa da Crdilo
kavkasiaSi warmoebuli misioneruli saqmianobiT. aq moqmedi qurmuxisa da giSis
saepiskoposoebi did rols asrulebdnen qristianuli saqarTvelos istoriaSi.
XVI saukuneSi iranelTa mxardaWeriT am teritoriaze mZlavroben lekebi,
`lekianobasTan~ brZola gagrZelda XVIII-XIX saukuneebSic.
1917 wels, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg, istoriuli hereTis _ saingilos samwyso
bodbelis eparqiaSi Sedioda. 1921 wlidan, agresiuli aTeizmis xanaSi,
azerbaijanis komunisturma xelisuflebam araerTi eklesia-monasteri daangria
saingiloSi, daxoces sasuliero pirebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom ingiloTa
nawili mahmadiania, isini TavianT Tavs qarTvelebad Tvlian da imedis Tvali
saqarTvelosken aqvT mopyrobili. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m saingiloSi
samoRvaweod gauSva sasuliero pirebi, xolo 1997 da 2005 wlebSi kavkasiis
muslimanTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris Seix alax Suqur faSa zades miwveviT orjer
imogzaura saingiloSi. uwmidesma da unetaresma moiloca kaxis, belaqnis,
zaqaTalis raionebSi arsebuli qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi, Sexvda da esaubra
mosaxleobas, gadasca maT saeklesio wignebi, xatebi. uwmidesi da unetaresi
ase aRwerda saingiloSi stumrobas: `yvela sofelSi, sadac ki mivediT, xalxi
anTebuli gulebiT, anTebuli sanTlebiTa da pur-mariliT gvxvdeboda.
bevri maTgani sixarulisgan tiroda. mTavari is iyo, rom dedasamSoblos
mowyvetilma iqaurma qarTvelebma, romlebic Cveni qveynis avbedobis gamo axla
sxva saxelmwifos moqalaqeebi arian, igrZnes, rom isini upatrononi ar arian...
xSirad mesmoda, rogor ambobdnen: Cven araferi ar gvinda, Cven mxolod gvindoda
dagvenaxa saqarTvelos patriarqio. ra Tqma unda, maT bevri ram sWirdebaT,
magram yvelaze metad isini Cvens yuradRebasa da gulis siTbos saWiroeben~.
patriarqis gadawyvetilebiT, 2002 wlis 17 oqtombers Seiqmna nekresisa da
hereTis eparqia, romelmac istoriuli hereTis teritoriac moicva.
2009 wlis aprilSi kaTolikos-patriarqis locva kurTxeviT Seiqmna
xornabujisa da hereTis saepiskoposo, romelic moicavs dedofliswyaros,
kaxis, belaqanis da zaqaTalis raionebs. 30 maiss axali eparqiis mmarTvelad
gamoirCa arqimandriti melqisedeki, romelic 5 maiss akurTxes episkoposad.
episkoposi melqisedeki saingiloSi, kerZod, kaxSi, gansakuTrebiT ki qurmuxSi
giorgiobis dResaswaulze wiravs qurmuxis wmida giorgis saxelobis eklesiaSi.
giorgobis dResaswuli amTlianebs mahmadian da qristian qarTvelebs. 2015
wlidan eparqias ganagebs episkoposi dimitri (kapanaZe). saingiloSi isini erTad
aRniSnaven am udides dResaswauls. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II sapatriarqoSi
xSirad maspinZlobs istoriuli hereTidan Camosul stumrebs da aZlevs
kurTxevas, iyvnen erTgulni TavianTi sarwmunoebisa da istoriuli genisa.
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2001 wels iranis prezidentis muhamed haTamis miwveviT iranSi vizitisas
misma uwmidesobam moinaxula fereidani, Sexvda iqaur qarTvelobas da gaamxneva
isini. patriarqis fereidnidan dabrunebis Semdeg saqarTvelos moaSura
araerTma iqaurma qarTvelma. samSobloSi Camosuli fereidnelebis patroni da
maspinZelia uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II. fereidneli qarTvelebi saqarTvelos
patriarqs ocnebis saqarTvelodan Camosuls uwodeben. igi xSirad imeorebs
fereidnelTa saocar locvas _ `RmerTs ebarebodeT~. fereidnel qarTvelebSi
erovnuli suliskveTebis gaZlierebis mizniT saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida
andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTul universitetSi arsebobs qarTuli
enisa da literaturis, saqarTvelos istoriis Semswavleli ufaso kursebi,
romelic araerTma fereidnelma warmatebiT daamTavra.
uwmidesi da unetaresi gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT muSaobda mesxeTis
problemebze. XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi am kuTxeSi wirva-locva aResruleboda
somxur monofizitur da kaTolikur eklesiebSi, xolo marTlmadidebeli
eklesia saerTod ar funqcionirebda. mesxeT-javaxeTi, rogorc sabWoTa
kavSir-TurqeTis sasazRvro zona, mowyvetili iyo danarCen saqarTvelos.
awyuris iqiT gadasvla specialuri saSvis gareSe SeuZlebeli iyo. patriarqi
ninowmindis raionis sofel fokaSi Caewera, raTa daubrkoleblad gadasuliyo
samcxe-javaxeTSi. misi ZalisxmeviT moxerxda wmida marines saxelobis
marTlmadidebluri eklesiis amoqmedeba axalcixisa da samcxe-javaxeTis
eparqiaSi. 1988 wlis ivlisSi patriarqma sasuliero da saero pirebTan erTad
imogzaura samcxe-javaxeTSi. Tu ras warmoadgenda maSindeli mesxeTi, kargad
Cans misi sityvidan: `Cvens periodSi gaugebrobiTa da warsuli kulturisadmi
nihilisturi damokidebulebiT, rac mtrebs gadaurCa, Cven gavanadgureT.
faqtia, rom dRevandlamde, Tu ar miviRebT mxedvelobaSi axalcixeSi ukanasknel
periodSi eparqiis aRdgenas, am uZveles kulturul samyaroSi erTi eklesiac
ar moqmedebda... saqarTvelo iqaa, sadac RmerTs qarTul enaze adideben. ase
rom, Cven gvaqvs saerTo sazrunavi: samSoblos bedniereba, xalxis keTildReoba.
amaSi eklesias Zalian bevri SeuZlia~.
patriarqma samcxe-javaxeTis yvela eklesia-monasteri moiloca, Sexvda
qarTvel kaTolikeebs, monofizit somxebs. man am sityvebiT mimarTa qarTvelebs:
`yovelTvis unda gaxsovdeT, rom es miwa-wyali Tqveni sapatronoa, radgan igi
Tqveni iyo da aris. Tqven cxovrobT iq, sadac daiwyo Cveni qristianoba, qarTuli
kultura... unda gaxsovdeT isic, rom rwmena, romelic gadmogces winaprebma,
arasodes ar unda daiviwyoT. am rwmenam gadagarCinaT Tqven da mTlianad
saqarTvelo. amitom garja, movla-patronoba da TvalisCiniviT gafrTxileba
sWirdeba yvelafers. vinc es daiviwya da miatova mama-papis kera, naanderZevi
sarwmunoeba, is gadagvarda; rwmenis dakargvas erovnebis dakargva mosdevs~.
uwmidesma da unetaresma mtkice gadawyvetileba miiRo, rom faravnis
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tbasTan, iq, saidanac mociqulTaswori wmida nino wamovida vazis jvriT
mcxeTaSi, daefuZnebina monasteri. im dros es gadawyvetileba ocnebas ufro
hgavda, vidre realobas, magram, RvTis SewevniT, moxerxda rogorc mamaTa,
aseve dedaTa monastrebis dafuZneba. uwmidesi da unetaresi ixsenebs: `1988
wlis ivlisSi samcxe-javaxeTSi vimogzaure da wmida adgilebi da taZrebi
davaTvaliere, gadavwyvite, rom am mxareSi ramdenime taZari da monasteri unda
aSendes, magram yvelaze metad Cveni yuradReba faravnis tbam miipyro, sadac
gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba wmida ninos Zala da madli. saero xelisuflebisagan
miviRe nebarTva imis Taobaze, rom tbis im napirze, sadac wmida nino brZandeboda,
saeklesio centri aSendes. aqvea sofeli foka, romelSic me-XI saukuneSi
agebuli wmida ninos saxelobis mSvenieri bazilika dgas, naxevrad dangreuli,
qarTuli asomTavruli warwerebiT damSvenebuli. samwuxarod, sofelSi arc
erTi qarTveli ar cxovrobs, rom am wmida eklesiaSi sanTeli mainc anTos. wmida
ninos saqarTveloSi Semosvlis dResaswauli, romelic pirvel ivniss dawesda,
yovel wels zeimiT unda CavataroT faravnis tbasTan~.
javaxeTis ZirZvel miwaze qarTuli wirva-locva aRdga. uwmidesi da
unetaresi 2007 wlis ivlisSi kvlav imyofeboda samcxe-javaxeTSi, moiloca
iqauri siwmindeni da kmayofili darCa iqauri eklesia-monastrebis saqmianobiT.
qarTveli morwmuneni yovelwliurad mogzauroben wmida ninos gzaze. 2015
wlis 11-13 maiss uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II kvlav estumra axalcixisa da
tao-klarjeTis eparqias, daaTvaliera axalcixis wmida Salva axalcixelis
saxelobis mSenebare taZari, moiloca sofeli arali, ude, zarzmis monasteri.
sofel aralSi wmida ninos dedaTa monasterSi uwmidesma da unetaresma brZana:
`bednieri var, rom vimyofebi TqvenTan erTad am wmida taZarSi, romelic ase
brwyinvaled agiSenebiaT am uZveles sofelSi. SevTxov ufals, rom ufalma
moiRos wyaloba da sixaruli da siyvaruli sufevdes Tqven zeda~.
patriarqi xSirad stumrobs imereTs, raWa-leCxums, svaneTs. quTaisi,
cageri, mestia da ambrolauri siyvaruliTa da mowiwebiT egebeba Tavis sulier
winamZRols. patriarqis sityva, misi mowodeba rwmenis sidiadis, samSoblos
siyvarulis, winaparTa tradiciebis dacvis Taobaze Zvirfasia TiToeuli
qarTvelisaTvis. patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT, mcxeTaSi, mtkvrisa da aragvis
SesarTavTan, sveticxovlobas sruldeba didi naTloba, inaTleba aTasobiT
qarTveli. `naTlobiT adamiani xelaxla ibadeba, eklesiis wevri da qristes
nawili xdeba, Tavisufldeba rogorc adamismieri pirvelqmnili Secodebisagan,
ise _ yvela sxva codvisagan, aRsdgeba masSi xateba RvTisa, eniWeba suliwmidis
madli da yvela sikeTe misi~.
patriarqi warmoSobiT mTis Svilia, mTebi da aqafebuli Tergi Tavisken
izidavs mas. rodesac saqme xevSi wasvlas exeba, misTvis ar arsebobs daRla
da moucleloba. xevSi ar aris sofeli, salocavi, sadac patriarqis RvawliT
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RvTismsaxureba ar aResrulebodes. darialis xeobaSi, ruseT-saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo sazRvris siaxloves, uwmidesis locva-kurTxeviT aSena wmida
mTavarangelozTa _ miqaelisa da gabrielis _ saxelobis samonastro kompleqsi,
romelic Tavisi daniSnulebiT mravalmxrivi datvirTvis iqneba: igi iqceva
karibWed da, amave dros, pirvel maspinZlad CrdiloeTidan saqarTveloSi
SemosulTaTvis da yvela Tavidanve igrZnobs, rom isini qristianul qveyanas
estumrnen.
uwmidesi da unetaresi aucileblad Seivlis xolme sofel snoSi,
sagvareulo sasaflaoze sanTlebs anTebs, parakliss gadaixdis, didi winapris
_ Siola RuduSauris saxelobis sulierebisa da kulturis centrSi Sexvdeba
soflis mcxovrebT, moilocavs gergeTis samebas, monastris ezodan Tvals
moavlebs maradiuli TovliT dafarul myinvarwvers, stefanwmidas, darialis
xeobaSi xmauriT mimaval Tergs, gaixsenebs did TergdaleulT da axali energiiT
aRvsili gamoeSureba sataxto qalaqisaken. 2007 wlis oqtomberSi uwmidesma da
unetaresma snos sulierebisa da kulturis saxlis ezoSi akurTxa wmida vaxtang
gorgaslis saxelobis axladaSenebuli eklesia, isaubra saxelovani winapris
did Rvawlze.
uwmidesi da unetaresi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs saqarTvelos
sazRvrispira raionebs. patriarqis survilia, yvelgan aSendes samonastro
kompleqsebi. wm. Tamar mefis samonastro kompleqsi e. w. `wiTel xidTan~, sof.
vaxtangisSi wm. nikolozis saxelobis monasteri _ saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis
sazRvarze, wmida mTavarangelozis sax. taZari saqarTvelo-ruseTis sazRvris
darialis monakveTze. darialis xeobis taZris mSenebloba 2005 wels daiwyo. igi
2011 wlis 15 seqtembers gaixsna. uwmidesma da unetaresma brZana: `aq Semosuli
TiToeuli stumari mixvdeba, rom marTlmadidebel mSvidobian qveyanaSi
Semovida; ufali Cveni ieso qriste brZanebs: kldesa amasa zeda aRvaSeno eklesia
Cemi da bWeni jojoxeTisa ver ereodian mas. aseTi taZari aSenda `kldesa zeda~
da darwmunebuli varT, rom `bWeni jojoxeTisani~ ver moerevian mas.
patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT, saqvelmoqmedo fondma `iavnanam~ maxaTas
mTaze 2012 wlis 17 aprils daiwyo iveriis RvTismSoblis xatis saxelobis
eklesiis mSenebloba.
patriarqi sulierad, zneobrivad ganspetakebuli Zlieri saqarTvelos
simboloa. 38 welia igi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
saWeTmpyrobelia. urTulesi, umZimesi 38 wlis manZilze patriarqi erTgulad
emsaxureba im idealebs, romlebic wmida ilia marTalma `mamulis, enis da
sarwmunoebis~ droSiT gaaerTiana. uwmidesma da unetaresma XX-XXI saukunis
qarTvelobas SesTavaza axali idea: `RmerTi, samSoblo, adamiani~.
XX saukunis miwuruls, 1991 wels, saqarTvelom aRidgina saxelmwifoebrivi
damoukidebloba, gaxda mravali saerTaSoriso organizaciis sruluflebiani
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wevri. saqarTvelo Tavisi geostrategiuli mdebareobiT gansakuTrebul
mniSvnelobas iZens msoflio globalur proeqtebSi, globalizacia ki dRis
wesrigSi ayenebs axalgazrda qarTul demokratiul saxelmwifoSi iseTi
sakanonmdeblo bazis Seqmnas, romelic srul harmoniaSi iqneba dasavleTis
ganviTarebuli qveynebis RirebulebebTan. aseT viTarebaSi sul ufro
mZlavrobs erovnuli Rirebulebebisadmi nihilisturi damokidebuleba, vinaidan
nihilistebi da kosmopolitebi miiCneven, rom, rac male ganTavisufldeba
qarTveli sazogadoeba tradiciuli erovnuli faseulobebisagan, miT ufro
gagviadvildeba evro-amerikul sivrceSi integracia.
am dros, globalizaciis pirobebSi Cven Tavs verc Zlieri ekonomikiT,
verc samxedro SesaZleblobebiTa Tu mravalricxovnebiT ver davimkvidrebT.
marTlmadideblobis, saqarTvelos istoriis, qarTuli literaturis,
unikaluri qarTuli tradiciebis erTguleba da pativiscema aris Cveni
erovnuli gadarCenis safuZveli! amgvari damokidebuleba aSkarad Cans
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-paatriarqs, uwmidessa da unetares ilia II-is
qadagebebsa da epistoleebSi. igi eklesiis dangrevis da masSi reformatoruli
ideebis mqadagebelT Seaxsenebs: `samSoblo adamianis sicocxlis ganuyofeli
nawilia, usamSoblo adamiani suliT Ratakia da sacodavi, samSoblos siyvaruliT
mwifdeba da yalibdeba adamianis sulieri samyaro, misi miswrafebani.
samSoblos gafrTxileba sWirdeba~. XXI saukunis dasawyisSi mravalricxovan
gamowvevaTa Soris erT-erTia erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi da eklesiuri
cnobierebisaTvis brZola. samwuxarod arcTu iSviaTad kuTxuri patriotizmi
enacvleba erTian saxelmwifoebriv interesebs, rac mZime Sedegebs moutans
Cvens qveyanas. am problemas seriozulobas bevri ver acnobierebs. uwmidesi
da unetaresi xSirad brZanebs: `eSmaki yofs, RmerTi aerTianebs~. am erTianobis
ideas emsaxureboda, rodesac 2009 wlis 14 oqtombers uwmidesma da unetaresma
sveticxovlobis dResaswaulis saRmrTo liturgiis Semdeg gamoacxada ̀ yovelTa
iverielTa erTobis axali traqtatis~ Seqmnis Sesaxeb. `ers unda axsovdes, Tu
ram gadaarCina. Cven gadagvarCina erTobam, erTsulovnebam, Cven viT sisxli
daviT winaswarmetyvelisa, Tamar mefisa da sxva Cveni winaprebisa. Cven gvicavs
Cveni sarwmunoeba, Cveni inteleqtualuri faseuloba. dRes Cven kidev erTxel
unda gamovxatoT, rom varT erTi sisxli da xorci da mudam erTad viqnebiT~.
sveticxovlis ezoSi wirvis damTavrebis Semdeg, aTasobiT damswres saSualeba
hqonda xeli moewera sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mowodebaze
(msgavsad 200 wlis win (1790 w.) SemuSavebuli `iverielTa erTobis traqtatisa~).
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Tavi VII. ganaTleba, mecniereba, saRvTismetyveloliteratura, Jurnal-gazeTebi
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia istoriulad
qristianuli sarwmunoebis dacvasTan erTad bevrs akeTebda
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ganviTarebisaTvis. IV saukunidan rogorc
saqarTveloSi, aseve sazRvargareTis qarTul samonastro centrebSi
arsebobda Teologiur-filosofiuri da mTargmnelobiTi skolebi.
eklesia-monastrebis raodenobis zrdasTan erTad izrdeboda samonastro
skolebis raodenobac.
IV-XI saukuneebSi eklesia-monastrebTan arsebul skolebs XII-XIII saukuneebSi
daemata wmida mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis mier gelaTSi daarsebuli da `sxva
aTinad da meore ierusalimad~ wodebuli gelaTis akademia. saganmanaTleblo
kerebi iyo iyalToSi, gremSi, SiomRvimeSi. XVIII saukuneSi vaxtang VI-is mier
Seqmnil `swavlul kacTa komisiis~ wevrTa umravlesoba sasuliero piri iyo.
kaTolikos-patriarqi anton I samarTlianad iTvleba did enciklopedistad,
romlis saxelTanac dakavSirebulia qarTuli ganaTlebis evropul yaidaze
gardaqmna, Telavisa da Tbilisis sasuliero seminariebis daarseba. moqmed
eklesia-monastrebTan arsebul skolebSi sasuliero pirebi aswavlidnen saero
da sasuliero ganaTlebis safuZvelebs. saqarTvelos provinciebSi sasuliero
pirTa ojaxebSi iyo wignebi, Jurnal-gazeTebi.
XIX saukuneSi, avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg, qarTveli samRvdeloeba
kvlav agrZelebda misionerul-saganmanaTleblo saqmianobas. niWieri
axalgazrdebi jer Tbilisis sasuliero seminarias amTavrebdnen, Semdeg
ki sasuliero ganaTlebis gasaRrmaveblad mieSurebodnen yazanis, kievis,
peterburgis sasuliero akademiebSi. XIX-XX saukuneebis qarTveli samRvdeloebis
umravlesoba sasuliero akademiadamTavrebuli iyo da gamoirCeoda Rrma
sulierebiTa da inteleqtiT. sakmarisia gavixsenoT episkoposebi: gabrieli
(qiqoZe), aleqsandre (oqropiriZe), antoni (giorgaZe), petre (konWoSvili), daviTi
(kaWaxiZe); kaTolikos-patriarqni: kirion II, leonide, ambrosi, qristefore III,
kalistrate, melqisedeki, efrem II, romelTac marTlmadideblur samyaroSi
icnobdnen, rogorc gamoCenil Teolog-mecnierebs.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis
aRdgenis Semdeg kaTolikos-patriarqebi _ kirion II, leonide, ambrosi,
qristefore, kalistrate da melqisedeki _ cdilobdnen, mcxeTaSi an TbilisSi
sasuliero seminaria gaexsnaT, magram komunisturi xelisuflebis uaryofiTi
poziciis gamo es ver moxerxda. oficialurma xelisuflebam yvelaferi
gaakeTa imisaTvis, rom sazogadoebis TvalSi eklesia mxolod naTlobasTan
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an micvalebulis wesis agebasTan gaigivebuliyo da sazogadoebisagan srul
izolaciaSi yofiliyo.
1963 wels kaTolikos-patriarqis efrem II-is ZalisxmeviT mcxeTaSi
gaxsnili saRvTismetyvelo saswavlebeli saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis
did warmatebad Sefasda. ramdenime weliwadSi misi xelmZRvanelis, Semoqmedeli
episkoposis _ ilias RvawliT saswavlebeli seminariad gadakeTda. magram es
sakmarisi ar iyo.
uwmidesi da unetaresi patriarqad aRsaydrebis pirveli dReebidanvee
Seudga ganaTlebasa da mecnierebaze zrunvas. igi gansakuTrebiT dainteresda
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi Seqmnili viTarebiT, araerTxel Sexvda
rogorc praqtikos maswavleblebs, aseve _ pedagogikis, fsiqologiis dargis
mecnierebs. uwmidesma aRniSna, rom 70-90-iani wlebis skolebSi yuradReba
ZiriTadad gadatanili iyo ama Tu im saganSi faqtologiuri masalis meqanikur
dazepirebaze, maSin, roca aucilebelia Rrma azrovnebis ganviTareba: `Rrma
azrovnebasTan ziareba bavSvs gauadvilebs sxva sagnebis aTvisebas. amasTan, Cven
aRvzrdiT ganaTlebul axalgazrdebs, romlebic icxovreben da imoqmedeben ara
emociebiT, Tavisufalni iqnebian maqsimalizmisagan da Cvenze ufro gonierad,
rwmeniT, da simarTliT warmarTaven cxovrebas~.
uwmidesi da unetaresi miiCnevs, rom moswavleebTan maswavleblis
urTierTobis warmateba damokidebulia siyvaruliTa da rwmeniT aRzrdaze.
patriarqi moiTxovda sabWoTa skolis programebisa da saxelmZRvaneloebis
seriozul gadamuSavebas, xolo pedagogebisTvis _ met Tavisuflebas, raTa
maT saSualeba hqonodaT, srulad da SemoqmedebiTad gamoevlinaT TavianTi
SesaZleblobebi, vinaidan daTrgunuli, SeSinebuli pedagogi Tavisufal,
laR Taobas verasodes aRzrdis. Tumca, misi uwmidesobis azriT, skola
verasodes SeZlebs imis Sevsebas, rac axalgazrdas ojaxma unda misces. maRali
zneobrioba, mimtevebloba, moyvasis siyvaruli, samarTlianoba _ es yvelaferi
mozardma ojaxSi unda SeiTvisos da, Tu mSobelni piradi magaliTiT ar
gamoirCevian, yovelgvari mcdeloba amao iqneba. jansaRi momavali Taobis
aRzrdis surviliTaa nakanaxevi saqarTvelos patriarqis mowodeba mSoblebisa
da pedagogebisadmi: `saqarTvelom jer kidev uZvelesi droidan SeiTvisa
maRali kulturis sxvadasxva nakadi. misTvis axali ar iyo kacobriobis sulis
yvelaze mtkivneuli da amaRlebuli problemebi: sulis srulyofisa da
adamianis ganRmrTobisa sarwmunoebisa da siyvarulis saSualebiT~. uwmidesi da
unetaresi miiCnevs, rom saqarTvelos kargi momavali sazogadoebis ganaTlebasa
da codnazea damokidebuli. im adamianebis gasagonad, romelnic codnasa da
rwmenas erTmaneTs upirispireben, igi maqsime aRmsareblis sityvebiT pasuxobs:
`codna, RvTis SiSisagan aulagmavi, Sobs qedmaRlobas~.
istoria warsuliT momavlis winaswarmetyvelebaa. gardasul gmirTa
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sidiadis, zneobrivi magaliTebis, samSoblosa da sarwmunoebisaTvis Tavdadebis
Cveneba momavali Taobebis sulieri ganspetakebis saukeTeso saSualebaa. garda
amisa, samSoblos istoriis swavlebiT axalgazrdoba did winaparTa saqmeebis
damfasebeli da gamgrZelebli xdeba. uwmidesi da unetaresi grZnobda sabWoTa
ganaTlebis sistemis tendeciurobas da cdilobda, aRmoefxvra sabWoTa periodSi
skolasa da eklesias Soris sagangebod Seqmnili gaucxoeba. saqarTvelos
sapatriarqoSi Seiqmna saswavlo komiteti, romelsac saTaveSi Caudga sionis
sapatriarqo taZris winamZRvari, protopresviteri giorgi gamrekeli (amJamad
rusTavis mitropoliti ioane). saswavlo komitetma Tavis garSemo Semoikriba
niWieri, perspeqtiuli da morwmune specialistebi, romelTac miznad daisaxes
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebisTvis axali programebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi
SeemuSavebinaT.
erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis aRmavlobis paralelurad
sazogadoebaSi TandaTan imsxvreoda sabWoTa ideologiuri dogmebi. 1989
wlis 9 aprilis Semdeg saqarTveloSi komunisturma ideologiam sruli kraxi
ganicada. xelovnurad Seqmnilma gmirebma (sinamdvileSi antigmirebma) datoves
istoriis asparezi da maTi adgili WeSmaritma gmirebma daikaves. isev daubrunda
qarTvelTa mexsierebas abo tfilelis, ioane, eqvTime, giorgi mTawmindlebis,
dosiTeoz quTaTelis, eqvTime gaenaTelis, filadelfos kiknaZis, imerTa
mefe solomon II-is, solomon lioniZis, 1918-1921 wlebis damoukidebeli
saqarTvelosaTvis TavdadebulTa saxeebi, axali sidiadiT gamobrwyinda
bolSevikuri ideologiisagan `antisabWoelad, xalxis mtrebad~ monaTluli
uwmidesisa da unetaresi ambrosis, mitropolit nazaris saxeebi. saqarTvelos
skolebsa da umaRles saswavleblebSi marqsizm-leninizmis safuZvlebis
swavleba Seicvala religiaTa istoriis swavlebiT, romlis programebi
da saxelmZRvaneloebi marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis safuZvlebze iyo
agebuli. axalgazrdoba daewafa qristianul faseulobaTa Seswavlas, skolebsa
da umaRles saswavleblebSi Seiqmna samlocvelo saxlebi, aSenda eklesiebi,
sapatriarqos egidiT gaixsna gimnaziebi, liceumebi. ganaTlebis sistema
erovnul tradiciebze gadavida.
XXI saukunis dasawyisSi viTareba kvlav Seicvala. jer arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis saxeliT daiwyo ganaTlebis sferoSi eklesiis rolis kritika,
xolo 2004 wels damtkicebuli ganaTlebis axali kanonis Sesabamisad,
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi gauqmda samlocvelo oTaxebi, religiuri
umciresobebis uflebebisa da religiuri grZnobebis dacvis sababiT Sewyda
religiaTa istoriis swavleba.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II inteligenciis, mecnierebis sxvadasxva
mimarTulebis warmomadgenlebTan Sexvedraze yovelTvis xazgasmiT aRniSnavda,
rom `inteligencia xalxs unda daexmaros WeSmaritebis SecnobaSi; magram
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rogor SeZlebs igi amas, Tu Tavad iqneba mowyvetili RvTaebrivi sibrZnis
wyaros _ eklesias? ... inteligencia unda iqces mrevlis im nawilad, romelic
viTarca anTebuli sanTeli, wyvdiadSi myof ers RvTisaken mimaval gzas
gaunaTebs~. miuxedavad amisa, mainc aRmoCndnen iseTebi, romelTac sjeraT,
rom rwmena da mecniereba SeuTavsebelia. uwmidesi da unetaresi brZanebs: `gana
SeiZleba mecniereba da rwmena daupirispirdes erTmaneTs, roca isini adamianis
SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis sruliad gansxvavebul sferoebs miekuTvnebian: erTi
fizikurs, xolo meore _ suliers?! isini ki ar upirispirdebian, aramed avseben
erTmaneTs. mecniereba RvTisgan nakurTxia, igi adamianis inteleqtis, rogorc
RvTis xatebis, miRwevaa~.
uwmidesi da unetaresi patriarqobis pirvelive wlebidan gansakuTrebul
mniSvnelobas aniWebda eklesiisa da inteligenciis urTierTobas. misi
azriT, saqarTvelos kulturul-inteleqtualuri aRorZineba sulierebiT
unda daiwyos. mecnierebisa da inteligenciis suliereba iqneba Cveni qveynis
ganaxlebis saTave. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II miiCnevs, rom `inteligenciis
da, saerTod, gavlenian pirovnebaTa bednierebac da ubedurebac imaSia, rom
maT TavianTi mrwamsiT, TavianTi cxovrebiT SeiZleba sulierad gadaarCinon an
daRupon ara marto sakuTari Tavi, aramed _ garSemo myofni da sxva mravalnic~,
amitom maTi nabijebi da qmedeba did sifrTxilesa da mokrZalebas moiTxovs.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTauri 1977 wlidan
oficialuri xelisuflebis winaSe svamda sakiTxs sasuliero akademiis gaxsnis
aucileblobis Sesaxeb. ruseTis eklesias ori, somxeTis samociqulo eklesias
ki erTi akademia hqonda, da ratom ar unda hqonoda umaRlesi saRvTismetyvelo
saswavlebeli saqarTvelos avtokefaliur samociqulo eklesias?! rogorc
uwmidesi da unetaresi ixsenebs, xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi patriarqis
Sesaxeb, romelic ase dabejiTebiT iTxovda sasuliero akademiis gaxsnas,
gakvirvebiT ambobdnen _ Cveni patriarqi, rogorc Cans, realobas mowyvetilia,
ra dros akademiis gaxsna an axali eklesiebis amoqmedebaa sayovelTao aTeizmis
qveyanaSio. saqarTvelos mTavroba moskovis uars imizezebda, moskovis
centraluri mTavroba ki acxadebda, saqarTvelos mTavrobaa winaaRmdegio. am
viTarebaSi sanimuSod moiqca ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli religiis saqmeTa
rwmunebul b-ni anzor wiklauri, romelmac moskovSi centralur mTavrobas
Seatyobina, rom saqarTvelos mTavroba Tanaxma iyo dafuZnebuliyo Tbilisis
sasuliero akademia, xolo saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomares
moaxsena, rom moskovi winaaRmdegi ar iyo, rom akademia gaxsniliyo TbilisSi.
misma uwmidesobam Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis gaxsnis Taobaze
oficialuri gancxadeba 1987 wlis 25 dekembers gamarTul wmida sinodis
sxdomaze gaakeTa. umaRlesi sasuliero saswavleblis funqcionirebisaTvis
mosamzadebeli muSaoba TiTqmis erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda. 1988
115
wlis 14 oqtombers TbilisSi, sionis sapatriarqo taZris pirdapir, samsarTulian
istoriul SenobaSi, sazeimo viTarebaSi gaixsna Tbilisis sasuliero akademia.
akademiis gaxsnaSi kaTolikos-patriarq ilia II-sa da wmida sinodis wevrebTan
erTad monawileobdnen qarTuli inteligenciis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi.
ilia II-m Tbilisis sasuliero akademia gelaTis, gremis, iyalTos akademiaTa
didi tradiciebis gamgrZeleblad gamoacxada da aRniSna: `akademiaSi unda
mimdinareobdes ara marto momavali ganaTlebuli sasuliero pirebis momzadeba,
aramed saswavlebeli unda iqces kvlevis centrad, romelTanac dakavSirebulni
iqnebian rogorc Cveni sasuliero pirni, ise _ mecnierebi, kavSiri gveqneba
rogorc umaRles saswavleblebTan, ise _ marTlmadideblur da, saerTod,
qristianul umaRles centrebTan~.
akademiasTan erTad TbilisSi gadmoitanes mcxeTis sasuliero seminaria.
akademiis pirvel nakadSi Cairicxa 15 studenti. patriarqma akademiaSi leqciebis
wasakiTxad miiwvia saero umaRlesi saswavleblebis mecnierebi. pirvel wlebSi
iyo siZneleebi, saero mecnierebs ar hqondaT sasuliero saswavlebelSi muSaobis
gamocdileba. rTuli iyo sasuliero sagnebis _ patrologia, dogmaturi
RvTismetyveleba, saeklesio samarTali, religiaTa istoria _ wakiTxva, magram
droTa ganmavlobaSi yvelaferi mogvarda. 1998 wels sasuliero akademiasa da
seminariaSi studentTa raodenobam gaizarda 200-s miaRwia. 2015 wlisaTvis
studentTa raodenoba 2000-ze metia.
Tbilisis sasuliero akademiasa da seminarias 1988-2009 wlebSi
xelmZRvanelobdnen: mitropoliti zosime, protopresviteri giorgi (gamrekeli),
mitropoliti abraami, mitropoliti Teodore, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia
II. 2009 wlis 2 noembridan sasuliero akademiis reqtoria protopresviteri
mama protopresviteri giorgi zviadaZe, romlis ZalisxmeviT saswavlebelma
warmatebiT gaiara avtorizacia. amJamad Tbilisis sasuliero akademia da
seminaria aris samsafexuriani umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo kera (bakalavriati _
seminaria, magistratura _ akademia _ doqtorantura). aq funqcionirebs Semdegi
fakultetebi: fsiqologiisa da religiaTmcodneobis, xelovnebaTmcodneobisa
da religiaTmcodneobis, saeklesio arqiteqturis, xatweris, seminaria,
akademia. kaTedrebi: patristikisa da dogmatikis (profesori ediSer WeliZe),
bibleistikis (profesori giorgi guguSvili), liturgikisa da samoZRvro
RvTismetyvelebis (profesori demetre daviTaSvili), eklesiis istoriis,
kanonikuri samarTlisa da asketikis (doqtori maqsime Wanturia), saqarTvelos
istoriis (profesori sergo vardosaniZe), qarTuli enisa da literaturis
(profesori griver farulava), qristianuli xelovnebis (rusudan vaSalomiZe),
religiaTmcodneobis (profesori lela xaCiZe), ucxo enebis (profesori
iuri mosiZe). 2013 wlis 15 ianvars saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi uwmidesisa da
unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis TavmjdomareobiT
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Sedga erTjeradi dacva RvTismetyvelebis doqtoris xarisxis mosapoveblad.
sadisertacio sabWos wevrebi iyvnen adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis warmomadgenlebi, RvTismetyvelebis doqtorebi. sadisertacio
sabWom RvTismetyvelebis doqtoris xarisxi mianiWa:filologiis doqtors
protopresviter giorgi zviadaZes, mitropolit ioane gamrekels, filologiis
doqtors dekanoz biZina gunias, istoriis doqtors giorgi guguSvils,
filologiis doqtors dekanoz miqael galdavas, filologiis mecnierebaTa
doqtors profesor ediSer WeliZes, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtors sergo
vardosaniZes, dekanoz miqael botkovels, arqidiakon demetre daviTaSvils,
giorgi andriaZes. uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is TavmjdomareobiT
sasuliero akademiaSi Seiqmna sadisertacio sabWo.
1995 wels uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT quTaisSi daarsda
wmida gabriel episkoposis saxelobis sasuliero seminaria, gelaTis samonastro
kompleqsTan aRdga gelaTis sasuliero akademia. patriarqi miiCnevda,
rom gelaTis akademia, romelic `meored ierusalimad da sxuai aTinad~
dafuZnda, miznad isaxavda umaRlesi saRvTismetyvelo-filosofiuri skolis
Camoyalibebas, sadac unda momxdariyo yvelaze mniSvnelovani Teologiuri
Sromebis Targmna-komentireba. am skolis filosofiuri mimarTuleba imiTac
warmoCnda, rom iTargmna warmarTi filosofosis, amonio ermisis cnobili
logikuri Sromebi. rac Seexeba gelaTis akademiis saRvTismetyvelo simaRles,
ikmarebda Tundac imaze miTiTeba, rom swored am akademiaSi iTargmna wmida
maqsime aRmsareblis urTulesi terminologiuri naSromebi. aqve ganxorcielda
katenebiani bibliis Targmna, rasac gelaTis biblia ewodeba da rac qarTveli
eris sulier cxovrebaSi udidesi movlena iyo. amitom gaxda aucilebeli
quTaisisa da gelaTis istoriuli funqciis srulad aRdgenisaTvis iseTi
samecniero dawesebulebis Seqmna, romelic saero da sasuliero mecnierebis
gamaerTianebeli iqneboda. gelaTis sasuliero akademiasa da seminarias
1995 wlidan 2010 wlis Tebervlamde xelmZRvanelobda quTaTel-gaenaTeli
mitropoliti kalistrate, 2010-2013 wlebSi _ filologiis doqtori, dekanozi
miqaeli (galdava), 2013 wlis noembridan _ dekanozi irakli (axalaZe). 2013 wels
gelaTis sasuliero akademiam da seminariam warmatebiT gaiara avtorizacia.
2005-2008 wlebSi ganaTlebis sferoSi dawyebuli `reformebis~ Sedegad
saqarTvelos wamyvani universitetebis profesor-maswavlebelTa umravlesoba
quCaSi darCa... ganadgurda saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis samecniero-
kvleviTi institutebi. codnisa da rwmenis sanTeli, romelic uwmidesma da
unetaresma kirion II-em ivane javaxiSvilTan erTad anTo Tbilisis universitetSi
safrTxis winaSe dadga. aseT rTul viTarebaSi uwmidesma da unetaresma
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma ilia II-m miiRo gadawyvetileba
sapatriarqos wiaRSi daefuZnebina saero universiteti, romelic gaagrZelebda
117
im tradiciebs, rac Tavidanve gacxadebuli iyo 1918 wlis 26 ianvars dafuZnebul
qarTul universitetSi.
2008 wlis 12 oqtombers sazeimod gaixsna saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida
andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universiteti. universitetis
gaxsnaze professor-maswavleblebsa da studentebs mimarTa uwmidesma da
unetaresma ilia II-m: `Cvens cxovrebaSi aris movlenebi, romlebic aRemateba
dRevandelobas. aseTi movlenis winaSe vdgavarT dRes. Cven vixsenebT daviT
aRmaSeneblis dros, rodesac ixsneboda gelaTis, iyalTos akademiebi,
Cven vixsenebT daviT aRmaSeneblis ocnebas, rom gelaTis academia unda
yofiliyo meore ierusalimi Tavisi sulierebiTa da moRvaweobiT da `axali
aTina~ Tavisi didi mecnierebiT da ai, dRes ixsneba saeklesio universiteti,
romelic aris memkvidre gelaTis akademiisa. sakiTxi urTierTobis codnisa
anu mecnierebisa da sarwmunoebisa, es aris uZvelesi Tema. es Tema jer kidev
I-II saukuneebSi iyo aqtualuri, amaze msjelobdnen da fiqrobdnen didi
mecnierebi da gansakuTrebiT iseTi cnobili da didi mecnieri, rogoric
iyo klimenti aleqsandrieli. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom aleqsandria iyo
centri mecnierebisa, iq moRvaweobdnen udidesi filosofosebi. cnobili
iyo aleqsandriis biblioTeka, skola. klimenti aleqsandrieli Tavis
istoriul naSromSi wers, Tu ra urTierTdamokidebulebaSia codna da
rwmena. igi ambobs, rom pirveladi aris rwmena da zed daSenebulia codna,
bolos ki akeTebs aseT daskvnas, rom morwmune adamiani aris mona RvTisa,
xolo morwmune da ganaTlebuli adamiani ki megobari RvTisa _ ai, aseT
safexurze ahyavs klimenti aleqsandriels adamiani. Tqven aseve iciT, rom
qarTveli adamiani mudam cdilobda codnis SeZenas, igi mudam ewafeboda
mecnierebas, mis gonebaSi arasodes iyo winaaRmdegoba codnasa da rwmenas
Soris, gavixsenoT Tundac petriwonis monastery, sadac satrapezos kedlebi
iyo moxatuli antikuri filosofosebis portretebiT, mudam iyo safuZveli
didi RvTismetyvelebisa da gamoTqmuli iyo aseTi sityvebi, rom filosofia
aris msaxuri Teologiisa.
dRes bednieri dRea, ixsneba wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis
universiteti, romelic gaagrZelebs im tradiciebs, romlebic arsebobda Cvens
istoriul warsulSi. me minda mivuloco mTel saqarTvelos es movlena. minda
aRvniSno, rom didi mxardaWera miviReT Cveni xelisuflebisagan. dRes aris
zeimi qarTveli adamianis gonebaSi, gulSi. am istoriul dRes wmida andria
pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTul universitets gaxsnilad vacxadeb~.
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m interesiT daaTvaliera universitetis
saswavlo auditoriebi, biblioTeka da ganacxada: `ase mowyobili universiteti
arc erTi ar aris saqarTveloSi. axla mTavaria professor-maswavleblebi
iyvnen TavianT simaRleze, studentebma igrZnon Tavisi wili pasuxismgeblobisa.
118
me xumrobiT vTqvi kidec: axalgazrda rom viyo, am universitetSi viswavlidi
sixaruliT~.
pirveli miReba ZiriTadad magistraturasa da doqtoranturaSi
ganxorcielda. 2010 wels bakalavriatSi miRebul iqna 20 studenti istoriis
specialobiT. Seiqmna enebis centri, TarjimanTa skola, daiwyo muSaoba
sabakalavro, samagistro da sadoqtoro programebis srulyofisaTvis.
universitetis gaxsnidan erTi wlis Semdeg uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II amerikis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
meTaurTan mitropolit ionasTan erTad kvlav estumra qarTul universitets.
patriarqma erTgvarad Seajama universitetis erTwliani muSaobis Sedegi da
brZana: `maxsendeba daviT winaswarmetyvelis sityvebi: `did xar Sen ufalo da
sakvirvel arian saqmeni Seni!~ marTlac didia ufali da adamianis goneba ver
Cawvdeba mis sibrZnes. Cven sasoebiTa da siyvaruliT unda miviRoT is, rasac
ufali gvaZlevs. ramdenime wlis win vin warmoidgenda, rom saqarTvelos eklesias
eqneboda ori sasuliero akademia, sasuliero seminariebi, saswavleblebi,
gimnaziebi da bolos universiteti. vin warmoidgenda, rom saqarTvelos
eklesias gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademia eqneboda... magram ufali mowyalea
da saxarebaSi weria _ `iTxovde da mogeces Sen~. Cvenc viTxovdiT da ufalma
wyalobiT mogvxeda da mogvca. mogvca ara imisaTvis, rom viamayoT, aramed
misTvis, rom ers sikeTe movutanoT~.
2012 wlis 10 oqtombers axali saswavlo wlis dawyebasTan dakavSirebiT
qarTul universitets estumrnen: uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II, ramdenime mRvdelmTavari da mTavrobis wevrebi.
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m ganacxada: `Cven vimyofebiT universitetSi
da minda giTxraT, rom Cveni patriarqebi, qveynisa da eklesiisaTvis mowame
da Tavdadebuli moRvaweni, verc ki iocnebebdnen, rom sapatriarqos hqonoda
Tavisi universiteti! dRes ki dadga aseTi dro da vmadlobT ufals am didi
wyalobisaTvis!
aq iTqva, rom saWiroa kavSiri TaobaTa Soris. minda giTxraT, aseTi kavSiri
saWiro ki ara, aucilebelia. amgvari kavSiris Taobaze minda erTi magaliTi
mogiyvanoT. didi cnobili filosofosi konfuci erTxel Tavis mowafeebTan
erTad etliT mgzavrobda. maT gzaze SemoxvdaT adamiani, romelic Tavs imiT
irCenda, rom Citebs iWerda da yidda. konfucim etlis gaCereba brZana d aim
kacisaken gaemarTa. misi mowafeebi kvaldakval mihyvnen. roca badeebs miuaxlovda,
dainaxa rom ukve ramdenime Citi gabmuliyo maxeSi. konfucim SeniSna, rom es
Citebi yvelanio momcroni, TiTqmis bartyebi iyvnen. maSin igi dainteresda,
ratom ar iWerda es kaci mozrdil Citebs da aseTi pasuxi miiRo: maT ver viWer,
radgan didi gamocdileba aqvT da maxeSi Znelad ebmebiano. konfucim gadaxeda
Tavis mowafeebs da uTxra: `daimaxsovreT es, sibrZne ufrosisagan, Senze metad
119
gamocdilisagan unda iswavloo~. ufros Taobas SesaZloa kompiuteri da axali
Tanamedrove teqnika ar esmis, magram mas aqvs sibrZne da gamocdileba, romelic
Zalze Zvirfasia da romlis gaziarebac maT SeuZliaT axalgazrdebisaTvis.
TqvenTan saubarSi axla, uecrad aseTi azri momivida, rom yovel
universitets unda hqondes Tavisi idea, Tavisi devizi, Tavisi mowodeba.
iseTive, rogorc, magaliTad, qarTuli idea. da ai, Cveni universiteti gaxdeba
pirveli, romelic gamoacxadebs Tavis ideas; am miznisaTvis me avarCie erTi
gamoTqma: Nosce Te Ipsum, rac laTinurad TargmanSi niSnavs _ Seican Tavi Seni.
vfiqrob, es unda davaweroT didi asoebiT universitetis fasadze. imedia, sxva
universitetebi da umaRlesi saswavleblebic aseve ifiqreben TavianT mTavar
ideaze.
metad rTuli droa dRes da Cveni damokidebulebiTa da naazreviT kidev
ufro metad ar unda davamZimoT igi, ar unda CavvardeT arc erT ukiduresobaSi.
imas vgulisxmob, rom arc uxeSi liberalizmia saWiro da arc fantaziaa misaRebi.
qarTveli adamiani mudam zomieri iyo saqmeSi, cxovrebaSi, sarwmunoebaSi. uxeSma
liberalizmma, romelic evropaSi warmoiSva, kacobrioba komunistur ideebamde
da aTeizmamde miiyvana. amitomaa aucilebeli zomierebis dacva, saWiroa rwmena
da masze dayrdnobili codna~. 2008-2010 wlebSi universitetis reqtorebi
iyvnen: profesori parmen margvelaSvili, profesori Teimuraz gvancelaZe,
protopresviteri giorgi zviadaZe.
2010 wlis 10 oqtombers universitetis marTva-gamgeobis axali
debulebis Sesabamisad Seiqmna universitetis akademiuri sabWo universitetis
akademiuri nawilis marTvis koleqtiuri organo. patriarqis sruluflebian
warmomadgenlad uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT dainiSna
meufe iakobi (iakobiSvili), akademiuri sabWos Tavmjdomared da reqtorad
airCies profesori sergo vardosaniZe, romelsac 2011 wels erTi wliT, xolo
2012 wlis 2 ivliss, uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is brZanebiT, moqmedi
akademiuri sabWos uflebamosilebis amowurvamde gaugrZelda akademiuri sabWos
Tavmjdomaris, reqtoris uflebamosileba. 2014 wlis seqtembris dasawyisSi
qarTul universitetSi Catarda akademiuri sabWos arCevnebi. 11 seqtembers
axladarCeuli akademiuri sabWos wevrebi miiRo da daloca uwmidesma da
unetaresma ilia II-m, ganvlili oTxi wlis muSaobis Sesaxeb isaubres patriarqis
sruluflebianma warmomadgenelma qarTul universitetSi meufe iakobma,
profesorma sergo vardosaniZem, akademikosma roin metrevelma, profesorma
vaxtang sarTaniam. imave dRes universitetSi gaimarTa akademiuri sabWos
Tavmjdomaris, reqtoris arCevnebi. sabWom akademiuri sabWos Tavmjdomared,
reqtorad kvlav airCia profesori sergo vardosaniZe.
2010-2015 wlebSi universitetSi dasrulda fakultetebis, mimarTulebaTa
da administraciuli struqturebis formireba. dainiSna universitetis
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kancleri Tamaz vaCaZe, Seiqmna 4 fakulteti: 1. humanitarul mecnierebaTa
da samarTlis (dekani profesori sergo vardosaniZe, dekanis movaleobis
Semsrulebeli profesori vaxtang guruli); 2. ekonomikisa da biznesis
marTvis fakulteti (dekani profesori vaxtang sarTania); 3. informatikis,
maTematikisa da sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa fakulteti (dekani profesori
ivane wereTeli); 4. socialur mecnierebaTa fakulteti (dekani profesori
dimitri nadiraSvili). universitetSi bakalavriatSi, magistraturasa da
doqtoranturaSi swavlobs 1500-ze meti studenti.
2010 wlis 15 dekembers uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebidan 33 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT qarTul
universitetSi gaimarTa sazeimo sxdoma, romelsac eswrebodnen uwmidesi da
unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolios-patriarqi ilia II, patriarqis
sruluflebiani warmomadgeneli qarTul universitetSi meufe iakobi
(iakobiSvili), universitetis profesor-maswavleblebi, studentebi. uwmidesma
da unetaresma ilia II-m didi madloba moaxsena sazogadoebas am lamazi da
saintereso RonisZiebisaTvis da brZana: ̀ yovladsamRvdelono mRvdelmTavrebo,
batono reqtoro, professor-maswavleblebo, studentebo, qalbatonebo da
batonebo, minda giTxraT erTi ram, _ didgoris omi grZeldeba, didgoris omi
ar damTavrebula, didgoris omi Cven cxovrebaSia, Cvens kulturaSia, enaSi
da literaturaSi, eklesiaSi da me darwmunebuli var, rom didgoris omi
gamarjvebiT damTavrdeba.
me Zalian gamixarda, rom Cven universitets aweria ̀ Nosce Te Ipsum~, ̀ Seican
Tavi Seni~, madloba RmerTs, rom Cven viwyebT am Secnobas, Tu adamiani Seicnobs
Tavs, is aucileblad gaTavisufldeba borotisagan. gansakuTrebiT mivesalmebi
im adamianebs, romlebic eswrebodnen Cems intronizacias, qalbaton viqtoria
siraZes, qalbaton naTela vasaZes, qalbaton meri kandelaks da sxvebs. es iyo
umZimesi wlebi, sakavSiro xelisuflebaSi, kremlSi iyo aseTi Sexeduleba _ ̀ rac
ufro cudi iqneba mdgomareoba eklesiisa, miT ukeTesi~. ai, aseT pirobebSi
viyavi arCeuli. me imediT vuyureb momavals, TviTon arasdros vkargav imeds,
upirveles yovlisa, imeds RvTisas. Cven unda gvqondes imedi adamianisa, Zalian
Znelia dRes erTguli adamianis povna, magram mainc arian, bevrni arian. bevria
kargi adamiani saqarTveloSi, RmerTma dagvajildova Cven Tavisi TvisebiT,
siyvaruliT, arcerT ers ar gaaCnia iseTi sityvebi rogoricaa: `Seni Wirime~,
`Sen genacvale~, ese igi me Segcvli, Wirs Rebulobs adamiani Tavis Tavze, rom
daexmaros Tavis megobars. ase rom, imedi ar unda davkargoT da yvelaferi
kargad iqneba. didi imediT vuyureb Cvens momavals. batonma levan vasaZem
gaixsena Cemi sityvebi _ `ar waval am qveynidan, sanam ar vnaxav gamTlianebul
saqarTvelos~. inebos RmerTma, male moxdes es gamTlianeba. minda kidev gavixseno
Cveni mecnierebi, Cveni studentebi; im periodSi Cven gvekrZaleboda Sesvla
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universitetebSi da sxva saswavleblebSi. yovel xuTSabaTs me mqonda Sexvedra
mecnierebTan da garkveul Temas vamuSavebdiT, vkiTxulobdiT, vecnobodiT,
da mere profesorebi, profesor-maswavleblebi midiodnen saswavleblebSi da
uambobdnen studentebs imis Sesaxeb, razec Cven vsaubrobdiT. RmerTma ineba, rom
mTeli xalxi, TiTqmis mTeli xalxi moeqca; minda bolos vTqva, rom ucxoeTidan
Camodian patriarqebi, sxva maRali sasuliero wodebis pirebi da amboben, rom
aseTi eri, mosiyvarule, aseTi morwmune xalxi Cven msoflioSi sxvagan arsad
gvinaxavs; dideba da madloba ufals, gaxarebuli iyaviT, gmadlobT~.
uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi
qarTul universitets araerTxel stumrobs universitetSi gamarTul
samecniero konferenciebze. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani iyo 2010
wlis 12 oqtombers qarTul universitetSi sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZris
daarsebidan 1700 da ganaxlebidan 1000 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili samecniero
konferencia, romelsac uwmides da unetares ilia II-sTan erTad estumrnen
albaneTis eklesiis meTauri, tiranisa da sruliad albaneTis mTavarepiskoposi,
unetaresi anastasiosi, CexeTisa da slovakeTis eklesiis meTauri, praRis
mTavarepiskoposi unetaresi qristefore.
imave wlis 27 noembers uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II qarTul universitets
estumra cnobili osi mecnieris profesor izmail xuzmievis universitetis
sapatio doqtorad arCevis ceremonialSi monawileobis misaRebad.
2011 wlis 9 oqtombers qarTul universitetSi gaimarTa uwmidesisa da
unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis mier wmindanad Seracxili ambrosi
xelaias dabadebidan 150 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili konferencia, romlis muSaobaSi
monawileobda uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II. man Seajama ra konferenciis muSaoba
aRniSna _ yvela patriarqis movaleobaa arasodes daayenos Tavisi qveyana da
eklesia dartymis qveS, aramed man Tavis Tavze unda miiRos es dartyma. aseTebi
iyvnen Cveni patriarqebi da aseTi iyo wmida ambrosi aRmsarebeli.
2012-2013 wlebSi saiubileo TariRi iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiisaTvis. 2012 wlis 25 dekembers uwmidessa da unetaress
ilia II-s aRsaydrebidan 35, 2013 wlis 4 ianvars dabadebidan 80 weli Seusrulda.
2012 wlis 4 maiss universitetSi moewyo uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-isadmi
miZRvnili foto gamofena. noemberSi Catarda saerTaSoriso konferencia,
daibeWda patriarqisadmi miZRvnili wigni `mwyemsi saqarTvelosi~.
2013 wlis 11 ianvars qarTul universitetSi gaimarTa uwmidesisa da
unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis
mTavarepiskoposis, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitis ilia II-is
dabadebis 80 da aRsaydrebis 35 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili samecniero konferencia.
amasTan dakavSirebiT universitets uwmidessa da unetares ilia II-sTan erTad
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estumrnen yovladuwmidesi barTolomeosi _ msoflio patriarqi, uwmidesi
irineosi _ serbeTis patriarqi, unetaresi qristefore _ CexeTisa da slovakeTis
eklesiis meTauri, mitropoliti serafime _ aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis
sapatriarqos warmomadgeneli, mitropoliti kirile _ bulgareTis patriarqis
mosaydre, antioqiis, ierusalimis, ruseTis eklesiis warmomadgenlebi, ruseTis
prezidentis warmomadgeneli saerTaSoriso kulturul urTierTobaTa
sferoSi mixeil Svidkoi, saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavmjdomare daviT
usufaSvili. universitetis reqtori profesori sergo vardosaniZe miesalma
stumrebs da brZana: `Tqveno yovladuwmidesobav msoflio patriarqo, Tqveno
uwmidesobav da unetaresobav, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurno, delegacies
xelmZRvanelebo, Tqveno aRmatebulebav batono parlamentis Tavmjdomarev,
batonebo! dRevandeli dRe istoriulia Cveni universitetisaTvis, dRes Cven
vmaspinZlobTa marTlmadidebeli eklesiis warmomadgenlebs, usazRvroa Cveni
sixaruli, uwmidesisa da unetaresis mier daarsebul universitetSi imarTeba
saerTaSoriso konferencia, romelic eZRvneba Cveni didi patriarqis dabadebis
80 da aRsaydrebis 35 wlisTavs. dRevandeli dRe kidev erTxel gvarwmunebs, rom
misi uwmidesoba ilia II saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeli
didi siyvaruliTa da pativiscemiT mosilia ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed
msoflioSi. XX-XXI saukuneebis saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaSi sami didi
patriarqis Rvawli ganuzomelia. maTgan orni, uwmidesni da unetaresni
kirioni da ambrosi mowameobrivad aResrulnen, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II
bolo 35 wlis manZilze Cvens mfSfoTvare, winaaRmdegobebiT da problemebiT
daxunZlul saqarTveloSi qarTveli xalxis cxovrebiT, WiriTa da lxiniT
cxovrobs. igi TiToeuli qarTvelisaTvis brZeni, yuradRebiani didi sulieri
moRvawea. misi sjeraT, is uyvarT, yvela cdilobs raRaciT gamoxatos misadmi
udidesi pativiscema.
Cvenma didma patriarqma sicocxleSive ukvdavebaSi Seabija~.
uwmidessa da unetaress miesalmnen sapatio stumrebi. msoflio patriarqma
yovladuwmidesma barTolomeosma miuloca uwmidessa da unetaress saiubileo
TariRebi da mowameobrivi xalxis kultura uwoda Cvens kulturas da yuradReba
gaamaxvila im garemoebaze, rom Cveni kultura, iseve rogorc Cveni cxovreba
da istoria mWidrod aris gadajaWvuli qristianobasTan da marTlmadidebel
eklesiasTan, aRniSna, rom qristes sarwmunoebis gamo, qarTvelma xalxma
mravali tanjva da devna ganicada, magram yoveli is devna `obobas qselze
ufro advilad dairRva, kvamlze ufro martivad gaifanta, mtversa da buRze
uswrafesad gaqra~ _ rogorc ambobda konstantinopolis sapatriarqo saydarze
myofi Cveni winapari, ioane oqropiri.
yovladuwmidesma barTolomeosma maRali Sefaseba misca qarTul
kulturas, romelic misi TqmiT, wmindanTa mSobelma marTlmadidebelma
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saqarTvelom Seqmna. misi azriT `Tu marTlmadidebeli kulturis dasavleTis
kulturasTan Sedarebas movindomebT, Sedegebi maincdamainc saxarbielo ver
iqneba, rom aRar vTqvaT uimedo. pirvelSi dominirebs RmerTkacebrivi elementi,
silamaze, maradiuloba, meoreSi ki adamianuri, miwieri, materialuri, warmavali.
Tanamedrove kulturaSi, evropulsa Tu dasavlurSi. nebismieri adamiani naTlad
xedavs winaaRmdegobas, rac niSnavs Sesabamis Sinagan samyaros, anu naklebobas
RvTaebrivisa, romlisganac momdinareobs mSveniereba, harmonia, wesrigi da
silamaze. amis sawinaaRmdegod adamianis harmoniuli damokidebuleba RmerTTan
aRbeWdilia qarTvelTa kulturis Zvel da axal qmnilebebSi. dasasruls dasZina,
rom Seecada esaubra ise, rogorc Sehferis marTlmadidebels WeSmariti
marTlmadideblis winaSe, anu `suliTa WeSmaritebiT~. amisaTvis moixmo uflis,
mociqulTa da mamaTa moZRvrebebi. `rogori madlicaa miRebuli, iseTivea
qarTuli kulturac. madlis gardamosvla, wyaloba da RmerTis kurTxevaa
saqarTvelos eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelad Tqveni yofnac unetareso da Zalze
sayvarelo Zmao, patriarqo saqarTveloisa ilia, romelmac Tqveni wvliliT,
viTarca mRvdelma, viTarca mRvdelmTavarma da patriarqma kultura SeqmeniT~,
dasZina man.
2013 wlis seqtemberSi uwmidesi da unetaresi kvlav ewvia qarTul
universitets, Sexvda studentebs, profesor-maswavleblebs da miuloca axali
saswavlo wlis dawyeba.
uwmidesis da unetaresis mier daarsebuli qarTuli universitetis
studentebi, profesor-maswavleblebi grZnoben im pasuxismgeblobas, rac
maT akisriaT qveynisa da Cveni eklesiis saWeTmpyroblis winaSe da yvelafers
akeTeben, raTa gaamarTlon patriarqis imedebi.
2013 wlis 6 ianvars uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is brZanebiT saqarTvelos sapatriarqos
wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universitetis reqtori
profesori sergo vardosaniZe dajildovda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis umaRlesi jildoTi wmida giorgis oqros ordeniT Tbilisis sasuliero
akademiasa da seminariaSi xangrZlivi da nayofieri pedagogiuri moRvaweobisa
da qarTuli universitetis ganviTarebaSi Setanili wvlilisaTvis. es jildo
sapatriarqos qarTuli universitetis aRiarebaa.
2008 wlis 16 aprils mTian aWaraSi Seiqmna wmida tbel abuseriZis
saswavlo universiteti. misi mizania qarTveli eris keTildReobis,
ekonomikuri Zlierebis, Tavdacvisunarianobisa da sulierebis amaRlebis
mizniT ganaxorcielos fundamenturi da gamoyenebiTi xasiaTis kvlevebi
sabunebismetyvelo, humanitarul da socialur menierebebSi. universiteti
mTiani aWaris axalgazrdobas saSualebas aZlevs sapatriarqos mier gamoyofili
grantis safuZvelze miiRos ufaso umaRlesi ganaTleba. universitetis
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reqtoria sxalTeli mTavarepiskoposi spiridoni (abulaZe). universitetSi
sabakalavro programebia: filologia, istoria, xelovnebaTmcodneoba,
ganaTleba, Jurnalistika, sajaro mmarTveloba, biznesi da administrireba,
samarTalmcodneoba, agraruli, meddis saqme. samagistro _ istoria,
filologia, ganaTleba, Jurnalistika, xelovnebaTmcodneoba, agraruli,
arqeologia. 2013 wlis 17 ivniss uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi estumra abuseriZe tbelis saxelobis xiWauris saswavlo
universitets, daloca universitetis studentebi da professor-maswavleblebi,
moiwona universitetis reqtoris meufe spiridonis saqmianoba.
2009 wlis 12 marts TbilisSi gaixsna wm. Tamar mefis saxelobis medicinis
instituti, romelic 2011 wels gadakeTda saswavlo universitetad; misi
reqtoria medicinis mecnierebaTa doqtori, arqimandriti adami (axalaZe).
dekoratiuli mebaReobis instituti 2012 wlidan gadakeTda saqarTvelos
sapatriarqos dekoratiuli mebaReobis sazogadoebriv kolejad, romelsac
xelmZRvaneloben zurab SevardnaZe (direqtori), moadgile deda Tekle
(sixaruliZe).
2012 wlidan sasuliero akademiasa da seminariasTan arsebuli xalxuri
simRerebisa da galobis umaRlesi skola gadakeTda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos
giorgi mTawmidelis sax. saswavlo universitetad, romlis reqtoria
arqimandriti ioane (kikvaZe). universiteti moamzadebs saeklesio galobisa da
xalxuri simRerebis specialistebs, izrunebs Cveni erovnuli faseulobebis
dacva-gadarCenisaTvis. 2012 wlis 14 maiss biznesmenma vano CxartiSvilma
londonSi daafuZna fondi `qarTuli galoba~, romelic yovelwliurad
gamoyofs 20 000 lars saukeTeso Semsruleblebis waxalisebisaTvis. uwmidesisa
da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, ilia II-is locva-
kurTxeviT yoveli wlis 14 maiss, wm. Tamar mefis xsenebis dRes, aRiniSneba
qarTuli galobisa da simRerebis dResaswauli. am dRes dajildovdebian
Tbilisisa da saqarTvelos regionebSi moRvawe musikaluri koleqtivebi.
uwmidesma da unetaresma, 2012 wlis 17 ivniss sakvirao qadagebisas
aRniSna: `madloba RmerTs, rom vcxovrobT iseT dros, roca eklesias aqvs
ori sasuliero akademia, 4 sasuliero seminaria, sapatriarqos universiteti,
gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademia, 40-ze meti skola da gimnazia. am saswavleblebma
gamoiRes keTili nayofi, maT aqvT Zalian kargi Sedegebi da Cven vmadlobT ufals
aseTi didi wyalobisaTvis! Cvens eklesiaSi wina patriarqebis mmarTvelobis
epoqaSi amdeni saswavleblis eklesiis egidis qveS yofna warmoudgeneli iyo~.
amJamad saqarTvelos sapatriarqos sasuliero seminariebi aqvs: axalcixeSi
_ wmida grigol xanZTelis saxelobis (reqtori mitropoliti Teodore), baTumSi
_ wmida ioane RvTismetyvelis saxelobis (reqtori dekanozi basil beriZe).
1995 wlis 25 maiss saqarTvelos saxelmwifo meTaurisa da sruliad
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saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis erToblivi brZanebiT, `qarTuli enisa
da sruliad saqarTvelos mosaxleobis sulieri da zneobrivi amaRlebisa da
misi inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis mizniT~, q. quTaisSi daarsda gelaTis
mecnierebaTa akademia. amiT aRdga wmida mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis mier
dafuZnebuli gelaTis akademiis tradicia. gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis
prezidentebi iyvnen: profesori magali Todua, profesori mixeil qurdiani.
amJamad gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidentia rusTavis mitropoliti
ioane (gamrekeli).
akademia gamoscems yovelTviur samecniero Jurnals, romelSic ibeWdeba
mniSvnelovani gamokvlevebi Teologiis, eklesiis istoriis, Zveli qarTuli enis,
literaturis, qristianuli xelovnebis mniSvnelovan problemebze. sasuliero
saswavleblebi funqcionirebs axalcixeSi, gorSi, foTSi, baTumsa da nekresSi.
Yyvela moqmed eparqiaSia sasuliero gimnaziebi, profiluri skolebi.
2011 wlis 2 maiss sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa
da unetaresis ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT sof. diRomSi gaixsna wmida eqvTime
RvTiskacis saxelobis sapatriarqos profesiuli saganmanaTleblo koleji,
romelsac meTvalyureobas uwevs meufe iakobi (iakobiSvili), kolejis
direqtoria revaz SarabiZe.
kaTolikos-patriarqi Rirseulad agrZelebs saqarTvelos saero
universitetebTan urTierTobis im tradicias, romelsac XX saukunis dasawyisSi
safuZveli Cauyara kaTolikos-patriarqma kirion II-m. uwmidesi da unetaresi
arCeulia Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis, teqnikuri universitetis,
sulxan-saba orbelianis pedagogiuri universitetis sapatio profesorad.
2005 wels uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II airCies saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa
erovnuli akademiis sapatio akademikosad. uwmidesma da unetaresma akademiis
wevrebs mimarTa: `me Tavs vixri Cveni mecnierebis winaSe. didia Tqveni Rvawli,
Tqveni wvlili erisa da eklesiis winaSe... me vityodi, rom is, rac aq xdeba,
istoriuli aqtia, rac warmoudgeneli iqneboda sabWoTa kavSiris periodSi.
Ees aris pirveli SemTxveva, rom kaTolikos-patriarqi mecnierebaTa akademiis
sapatio wevrad iqna arCeuli... saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia dRes mZlavri
samecniero centria, romelsac unda gavufrTxildeT da, amasTan erTad, unda
vizrunoT mis gaZlierebaze. aRmasvlis procesi uwyveti unda iyos~.
kaTolikos-patriarqi yovelTvis xazgsmiT aRniSnavs, rom saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia politizirebuli Zala ar unda gaxdes,
radgan eklesia mowodebulia imisaTvis, rom mTel ers amTlianebdes. sasuliero
saswavleblebi _ akademia, seminaria, gimnazia _ magaliTi unda iyos saero
saswavleblebisTvisac.
saqarTveloSi sasuliero ganaTlebis aRorZinebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba
aqvs msoflios marTlmadideblur saswavleblebTan kontaqtebs, maTi
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gamocdileba da miRwevaTa sworad gaazreba did daxmarebas gauwevs Cvens
saswavleblebs. uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT, Cveni warCinebuli
studentebi gacvliTi programebis meSveobiT swavlas agrZeleben moskovisa
da peterburgis sasuliero akademiebSi, saero universitetebSi, agreTve
saberZneTSi, CexeTSi, kviprosze, germaniaSi, romSi, inglisSi. saqarTvelos
eklesiis meTauri zrunavs ara marto sasuliero ganaTlebis problemebze,
aramed zogadad sabunebismetyvelo-teqnikuri da humanitaruli mecnierebebis
ganviTarebazec. patriarqTan xSirad ikribebian mecnierebis sxvadasxva dargis
specialistebi da msjeloben aqtualur sakiTxebze. uwmidesisa da unetaresis
locva-kurTxeviT, 2005 wlis 8 Tebervals, wmida mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis
xsenebis dRes, daarsda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis
saerTaSoriso saqvelmoqmedo fondi _ `sulierebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis
aRorZineba da ganviTareba~. fondis Tavmjdomarea uwmidesi da unetaresi
ilia II, aRmasrulebeli mdivani _ protopresviteri giorgi zviadaZe. fondis
prezentaciaze saqarTvelos patriarqma ase gansazRvra fondis samoqmedo
gegma: `es fondi izrunebs aramarto sulierebis ganmtkicebisTvis, aramed
kulturisa da mecnierebis aRorZinebisa da ganviTarebisTvis, rasac udidesi
mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelos momavlisaTvis. amitom, Cven gveqneba Zalian
mWidro kavSiri Cvens mecnierebaTa akademiasTan, Cvens universitetebTan da
yvelafers gavakeTebT imisaTvis, rom daxmarebis xeli gavuwodoT mecnierebs,
magram mTavari mainc erovnuli da saxelmwifoebrivi azrovneba ganmtkicebaa~.
fondis mmarTvel sabWoSi Sedian TvalsaCino adamianebi, mecnierebis,
kulturisa da xelovnebis moRvaweni. fondis mizania daafinansos erovnuli
da saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis proeqtebi. fondis xelSewyobiTa da
dafinansebiT aRdga qarTuli Jurnalebis: `ciskaris~, `mnaTobisa~ da
`literatura da xelovnebis~ gamocema; dafinansda mravali samecniero,
literaturuli, istoriuli, saswavlo-SemecnebiTi Tu avtobiografiuli
xasiaTis wigni da gamocema.
fondis erT-erTi mTavari prioritetia kulturuli TanamSromloba
ucxoeTSi mcxovreb Cvens TanamemamuleebTan.
patriarqis fondi yovelwliurad atarebs maStabur saerTaSoriso
festivals _ `aRdgomidan amaRlebamde~, romlis mizania axalgazrdobis
daintereseba qarTuli da msoflio klasikuri xelovnebiT, ucxoeTSi
moRvawe qarTvel xelovanTa da qarTuli kulturiT dainteresebul ucxoel
SemsrulebulTa Semoqmedebis popularizaciiT saqarTveloSi.
2006 wels, sruliad saqarTvelos kaToliko-patriarqis fondTan daarsda
qarTuli sagaloblisa da xalxuri simReris saerTaSoriso centri, romlis
mizania lotbarebis momzadeba, samgaloblo saswavleblebisa da folkloruli
centrebis daarseba da qarTuli kulturis popularizacia sazRvargareT.
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fondi aqtiurad monawileobs qveynis kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvisa
da gadarCenis saqmeSi.
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT fondi
aqtiurad muSaobs demografiuli problemis mogvarebisaTvis saWiro erovnuli
programis Seqmnaze. programis amoqmedeba dagegmilia 2008 wlis dasawyisisTvis.
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom fondSi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqTan, xSirad ikribebian qarTveli mecnierebi, mwerlebi, xelovnebisa da
kulturis muSakebi, sazogadoebis warmomdgenlebi, sadac msjeloben sxvadasxva
mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze; gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba afxazeTisa da
cxinvalis regionis Temas da im gzebis Ziebas, romelic aRadgens Cveni xalxebis
mSvidobian Tanacxovrebas erTian saxelmwifoSi.
uwmidesma da unetaresma aRorZinebuli `mnaTobis~ prezentaciaze
xazgasmiT aRniSna: `mwerloba, literatura ar SeiZleba waiSalos, ar SeiZleba
daeces proza da poezia Cvens sulSi... ra iqneboda, rom ara gvqonoda Zveli
qarTuli saeklesio mwerloba? ver aRorZindeboda is saero literatura,
romelsac ase veTayvanebiT da romliTac ase vamayobT. qarTuli literatura
iyo, aris da iqneba eris winamZRoli~.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia XXI saukunis dasawyisSi
erovnuli mecnieruli da inteleqtualuri Rirebulebebis mowinaaRmdegeTa
pasuxad mtkice qomagad daudga qarTul mecnierul-inteleqtualur Zalas.
2005 wlis 7-9 noembers stambulSi Catarebul saerTaSoriso konferenciaze
`mSvidoba da Semwynarebloba~ patriarqi kvlav Seexo Tanamedroveobis erT-erT
aqtualur problemas _ civilizaciaTa dialogis sakiTxebs _ da aRniSna, rom
kvlav aqtualuria civilizaciaTa dialogis iseTi modelis Seqmna, romelic
xalxebs saSualebas miscems, gaaerTianon Zalebi globaluri da lokaluri
sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad. sazogadoeba unda dafiqrdes eris sulieri
winamZRolis miniSnebaze, rom TaobaTa erToba da erTsulovneba dRes Cveni
qveynisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobisaa. eSmaki yofs da apirispirebs, RmerTi
aerTianebs da arigebs. patriarqi Seaxsenebs yvelas, visTvisac mecniereba,
eris inteleqtualuri potenciali meorexarisxovania, rom `qveyanam ar
unda dakargos is samecniero monapovari, rac mas gaaCnia... mraval dargSi
saqarTvelos msoflioSi aRiarebuli mkvlevarebi hyavs. saerTod, nebismieri
qveynis ganviTarebaSi samecniero sfero gadamwyvet rols asrulebs. mis
Camoyalibebas didi Tanxa da didi dro sWirdeba. gamousworebeli Secdoma
iqneba, qveyanam ar gamoiyenos is samecniero potenciali, romelic mas gaaCnia~.
qarTveli mecnierebi, mwerlebi, SemoqmedebiTi inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi
Seqmnil rTul viTarebaSi eris inteleqtualuri potencialis mfarvelad
da gadamrCenlad sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs, saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesias miiCneven.
128
1977 wlis 25 dekembers axladarCeulma patriarqma ilia II-m kompetenturi,
mcodne kadrebis naklebobis gamo Tavis Tavze aiRo 1978 wlis saeklesio
kalendris Semdgenel-redaqtoroba da kidev ufro gaamravalferovna wina wlebis
kalendrebSi arsebuli masalebi. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis yovelwliuri kalendari Tavisi mecnieruli doniT, damwyebi
morwmuneTaTvis aucilebeli locvebiT, saeklesio dResaswaulebis mokle
mimoxilviT sazogadoebisaTvis sasurvel gamocemad iqca. 1977-1986 wlebSi misi
tiraJi SezRuduli iyo, magram xalxi mainc axerxebda saeklesio kalendarSi
arsebuli aucilebeli masalis gadawerasa da gamravlebas. patriarqis locva-
kurTxeviT, 1980-1982 wlebSi kalendrebSi daibeWda ̀ fsalmunni daviTisi~, Zveli
da axali aRTqmis wignebis calkeuli Tavebi. uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT, yovelwliur sqeltanian
saeklesio kalendars daemata mcire formatis `jibis kalendari~ (1979 wlidan)
da kedlis kalendari. amJamad gamodis rogorc sapatriarqos oficialuri
kalendari, aseve ibeWdeba eparqiebis mier momzadebuli kalendrebic.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, 1978 wels kaTolikos-patriarqis locva-
kurTxeviT gamovida saqarTvelos sapatriaqos ilustrirebuli Jurnali
`jvari vazisa~, romelic Tavisi mrvalferovani SinaarsiT, saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis yoveldRiuri saqmianobis mimoxilviT
saqarTvelos eklesiis ukanaskneli TxuTmetTwliani istoriis yvelaze sando
wyarod iqca.
1978-1990 wlebSi kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT
mcire tiraJiT gamodioda `saRvTismetyvelo krebuli~, romelSic ibeWdeboda
Teologiuri, filosofiuri, istoriuli xasiaTis gamokvlevebi da Targmanebi.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiisaTvis didi
mniSvneloba hqonda bibliis sruli teqstis dabeWdvas. ilia II-is locva-
kurTxeviT Seiqmna bibliis mecnierulad dadgenili teqstis gamomcemelTa
jgufi, romlis mravalwliani Sromis Semdeg 1989 wels daibeWda bibliis sruli
teqsti axal qarTul enaze. amas mohyva bibliis Zvel qarTul enaze dabeWdvac.
marTalia, tiraJi mcire iyo, magram imdenad didi iyo moTxovnileba, rom
gamocema ramdenjerme ganmeorda. sapatriarqos SekveTiT, bibliis Targmnis
institutma milionobiT tiraJiT gamosca `axali aRTqma da fsalmunni~.
uwmidesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT, 1989 wlidan daiwyo
gazeT `madlis~ gamocema. mitropolit grigolis redaqtorobiT gamodis
samecniero popularuli Jurnali `ufliscixe~. 1999 wlis 7 ianvridan gamodis
`sapatriarqos uwyebani~, romelic Tavisi SinaarsiT mravalferovania da
moicavs saeklesio cxovrebis yvela sferos. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos egidiT
gamodis Jurnalebi: `karibWe~ da `krialosani~. saqarTvelos samociqulo
eklesiis yvela eparqias aqvs Tavisi gazeTebi da Jurnalebi: `xvamli~, `Tabori~,
129
`fuZe~, ̀ dedaeklesia~, ̀ samreklo~, ̀ kandeli~, ̀ mrevli~. sapatriarqoSi arsebobs
saRvTismetyvelo wignebis Seswavlisa da redaqtirebis komisia (Tavmjdomare
urbnisisa da ruisis mitropoliti iobi (aqiaSvili), gamomcemlobisa da
recenzirebis departamenti (Tavmjdomare foTisa da xobis mitropoliti
grigoli (berbiWaSvili), sainformacio samsaxuri _ prescentri (Tavmjdomare
baTumisa da lazeTis mitropoliti dimitri (SiolaSvili)), sagamomcemlo
ganyofileba (Tavmjdomare profesori gvanca koplataZe). sapatriarqos
aqvs Teologiuri literaturiT mdidari biblioTeka. saintereso muSaoba
mimdinareobs sapatriarqos arqivSi (ufrosi mzia kacaZe), damuSavda unikaluri
fondebi. patriarqis aRsaydrebis 30-e wlisTavs mieZRvna sapatriarqos arqivis
masalebze dayrdnobiT gamocemuli SesaniSnavi wigni-albomi `patriarqi~,
romelic qalbatonma mzia kacaZem Seadgina.
sapatriarqos radio `iveria~ Tavisi erovnuli Sinaarsis gadacemebiT
gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobs mosaxleobaSi.
2008 wlis 23 noembers uwmidesisa da unetaresis ZalisxmeviTa da locva-
kurTxeviT daarsda sapatriarqos televizia `erTsulovneba~, romelsac
xelmZRvanelobs Wyondideli mitropoliti petre (caava). umokles droSi meufe
petresa da televiziis TanamSromelTa didi ZalisxmeviT SesaZlebeli gaxda
maRalprofesiul doneze momzadebuliyo sulierebaTa da qarTuli erovnuli
suliskveTebiT nasazrdoebi gadacemebi. telekompania `erTsulovneba~
emsaxureba sazogadoebaSi marTlmadidebeli eklesiis swavlebis danergvas,
qarTuli erovnuli sulisa da uflismieri siyvarulis gaRvivebas. saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias TiTqmis yvela eparqiaSi aqvs sasuliero
da saero profilis gimnaziebi, saswavleblebi.
130
Tavi VIII. ukvdavebaSi gardasul saxeTa ardaviwyeba
kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II saukeTeso magaliTia imisa, Tu rogor unda
vcemdeT pativs Cvens did winaparTa saxelebs, maT xsovnas. uwmidesi
da unetaresi wmindanebad Seracxul qarTvel mefeTagan gansakuTrebiT
gamoarCevs wmida mirians, wmida vaxtang gorgasals, wmida arCils, wmida daviT
aRmaSenebels, wmida Tamars, luarsab wamebuls, wmida qeTevan dedofals...
saeklesio kalendris mixedviT maTi xsenebis dReebSi wirvis Semdeg
patriarqi mrevls araerTxel esaubra maT sulier simaRleze, samSoblosaTvis
Tavdadebaze. uwmidesi xSirad stumrobs gelaTis monasters. daviT aRmaSeneblis
cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis, mis diad saqmeTa SexsenebiT qarTvelobas
ganumtkicebs warsuli istoriiT awmyosa da momavlis rwmenas. patriarqi xSirad
ixsenebs qarTl-kaxeTis mefis, erekle II-is mier samSoblosaTvis Tavganwirvas,
krwanisis brZolas, sadac 75 wlis moxuci mefe ukanasknelad gavida brZolis
velze. uwmidesma da unetaresma 300 aragvelis baRSi araerTxel gadaixada
paraklisi aRa-mahmad xanis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi daRupul qarTvel meomarTa
sulebis mosaxseneblad. manve gadaarCina 300 aragvelis baRi gasxvisebas.
kaTolikos-patriarqma 1987 wlis 20 ivliss, wmida sinodis TanxmobiT, didi
qarTveli mwerali, erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis aRiarebuli
meTauri ilia WavWavaZe wmindanad Seracxa. wmida ilia marTali XX saukunis
dasawyisSi social-demokratebis msxverpli gaxda, misi saxeli idevneboda
XX saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi, xolo 40-70-ian wlebSi xan revolucioner-
demokratad, xan ki ganmanaTleblad iwodeboda. wmindanad Seracxvis Semdeg
ilia WavWavaZem Tavisi kuTvnili adgili daikava qarTveli eris, saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriaSi.. patriarqma aRasrula
wminda ilia marTlis TanamebrZolis _ akaki wereTlis winaswarmetyveleba:
Tu saqarTvelos sikvdili ar uweria, maSin Senc ukvdavi iqnebio. uwmidesma
da unetaresma saocrad emociurad iqadaga wmida ilia marTlis xsenebis
dRes 1987 wlis 2 agvistos. `didi dRea dRes. dRevandel dRes wmida eklesia
zeimobs iliaobas, ilia winaswarmetyvelis dRes, romelic Tavisi didi rwmeniT,
TavdadebiT israelSi icavda WeSmarit sarwmunoebas. qarTvelma erma mravali
taZari aSena ilia winaswarmetyvelis saxelze, mis saxels atarebda Cveni didi
winapari _ ilia WavWavaZe. yovel weliwads igi dResaswaulobda wmida ilia
winaswarmetyvelis dRes, iliaobas.
amieridan ki Cven, qarTvelebi, wmida ilia winaswarmetyvelis locva-
kurTxeviT, mudam vizeimebT Cveni axali wmidanis, didi qarTveli mwerlis,
saqarTvelos ugvirgvino mefis, misTvis wamebulisa da misi gadamrCenlis, ilia
WavWavaZis _ ilia marTlis dRes.
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ilia WavWavaZis moRvaweoba iwyeba saqarTvelosTvis sabediswero Jams,
roca Cvenma samSoblom dakarga saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba, roca
saqarTvelos eklesias mohkveTes Tavi da daumorCiles ruseTis eklesiis
sinods, roca eris suli iyo Camkvdari, siwmide Selaxuli, _ beTlemi ukacuri.
am dros RvTis gangebiT mogvevlina ilia, rogorc winaswarmetyveli
da mqadagebeli, rogorc `xma mRaRadebeli udabnosa Sina~, sityva marTali
da WeSmariti, rata bibliur mosesaviT aeRo mowamebrivi tvirTi eris
winamZRvrisa. misi genia, misi saocari nebisyofa mironcxebuli da Sinagani
momzadebuli aRmoCnda am istoriuli misiisaTvis. TiTqos iliaze ganmeorda
ieremia winaswametyvelisadmi Tqmuli uflis sityvebi: `vidre gamoxvidodi Sen
saSodan, me gangwminde Sen, winaswarmetyvelad xalxTa dagadgine Sen~ (ieremia
1,4-5). man itvirTa jvari sruliad saqarTvelosi da Seudga golgoTis aRmarTs.
man gabedulad aRimaRla xma adamianTa uflebebis dasacavad, dahgmo sikvdiliT
dasja, rogorc umkacresi zoma samagieros mizRvisa, rogorc ukiduresad
miwieri da araqristianuli qmedeba. iliam icoda, damoukideblobisaTvis Cvens
brZolasa da erovnulobis SenarCunebaSi ra didi mniSvneloba hqonda qristianul
rwmenas, amitomac saTaveSi Caudga saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis ukanonod
mitacebuli avtokefaliis aRdgenis saqmes. swamda im qveynisa, romelic jvars
ecva jvarcmuli macxovrisaTvis, im xalxis, romelmac Tavis mkerdze daudga
qristianobas saydari, qvad sakuTari Zvlebi ixmara, kirad _ sisxli, romelsac
bWeni jojoxeTisani ver Semusraven. swamda, rom misi Tanamedrove saqarTvelos
gadarCena mxolod qristianuli sarwmunoebis ganmtkicebas SeeZlo, romelic
aswavlis xalxs garCevas keTilisa da borotisa, codvisa da madlisa, wvdomas
cxovrebis arsisa da mizanisa, pirovnebis daniSnulebisa, sitkbos WeSmariti
Tavisuflebisa da bednierebisa. igi sulSeZruli werda:
`sad aris igi mRaRadebeli
qveynis xsnisaTvis, _ WeSmariteba?
sad aris igi, biwis mdevneli,
jvarcmulis RmerTis maRali mcneba?~
ilias cxovrebis etlma, ilia winaswarmetyvelis etlis msgavsad, cecxlis
kvesebiT gadauara saqarTvelos cas da waruSleli kvali datova.
gardacvaleba ar eTqmis mis sikvdils. es iyo jvarcma da mswraflamaRleba,
es iyo gardasaxva, TiToeul qarTvelSi ganbneva da maTSi eris siyvarulad
aRdgoma. didebulad brZana didma akakim, Tu saqarTvelos sikvdili ar uweria,
maSin Senc masTan erTad ukvdavi iqnebio. zeciuri saqarTvelos mkvidri,
miwieri saqarTvelos Tanamdevi ilias naTeli, ukvdavi suli WeSmaritad
dResac Tavs dagvtrialebs. gvsurs vauwyoT mrevls, Cvens morwmune xalxs,
rom saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodma aRasrula Tavisi vali da ilia
WavWavaZe _ ilia marTali, wmidanad Seracxa. amieridan misi suli ikiafebs im
132
saTayvanebel TanavarskvlavedSi, gzas rom unaTebs mravaltanjul, magram
sulierad gautexel, yovelgvari borotebis winaSe qeduxrel qarTvel ers. es
ar aris ubralo ganCineba, es aris didi gangeba RvTisa... wmida samebam _ mamam,
Zem da suliwmidam gamoxata Tavisi neba da gamoaCina axali brwyinvale wmidani,
romelic iqneba mfarveli Cveni erisa. es wirva aris misi pirveli dResaswauli.
qarTveli eri zeimobs ilia marTlis, rogorc wmidanis dRes, rac kidev erTxel
metyvelebs amaze, rom CvenTan ars RmerTi.
unda vicodeT: didi ilia WavWavaZis wmidanad Seracxva ar aris mxolod
aRiareba misi damsaxureba (damsaxureba ki misi erisa da eklesiis winaSe metad
didia), es ufro metia. roca xdeba ama Tu im pirovnebis wmidanad kanonizireba,
RvTis locva-kurTxeviT, mas eZleva gansakuTrebuli madli, gansakuTrebuli
Zala eris Sewevnisa. amieridan wmida ilia WavWavaZe _ wmida ilia marTali aris
Suamdgomeli winaSe RvTisa Cveni erisa da eklesiisaTvis.
riT daimsaxura wmida ilia marTalma es pativi? ra Tqma unda, Tavisi
RvawliTa da mowamebrivi aRsasruliT.
wmidanad aRiarebis Semdeg ilia aris ara marto poeti, mwerali, sazogado
moRvawe, aramed gamorCeuli moZRvari, mqadagebeli sikeTisa da simarTlisa,
rwmenisa. wmidanad aRiarebis Semdeg igi aris didi sulieri mfarveli Cveni
kulturis, Cveni mwerlobis, Cveni axalgazrdobis, Cveni momavali Taobebisa.
me minda mogilocoT es bednieri dRe, mogilocoT Tqven da TqvenTan erTad
mivuloco sruliad saqarTvelos. adamiani da eri sulierad da fizikurad
Zlieri rom iyos, RvTis SiSi da locvis Zala unda hqondes. Cven dRes wmida
samebis gangebiTa da aseve, deda RvTismSoblis locviTa da mfarvelobiT,
romlis wilxvedric Cveni eria. didi Zala Segvemateba.
wmida ilia winaswarmetyvelis locviT, wmida ilia marTlis locviT,
RvTismSobelma dedam daifaros Tavisi dedobrivi kalTiT sruliad saqarTvelo.
SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom ilias ewoda marTali. uzenaesi simarTle saRvTo
werilis mixedviT, aris RmerTi da simarTlis mqadagebeli. upirveles yovlisa,
TviTon unda iyos matarebeli simarTlisa. TviTon unda cxovrobdes am
simarTliT. wmida ilia marTali swored am simarTliT cxovrobda da simarTles
qadagebda. simarTle ar SeiZleba daetios erT adamianSi. iseve, rogorc siwmide
da madli, isic iRvreba, efineba xalxs, ilia marTali daadga macxovris gzas
anu gzas golgoTisa, romelic Tumc mZimea, magram aRdgomiTa da amaRlebiT
mTavrdeba. wiwamuri Cveni wmida golgoTaa. samsxverploa yvela imaTi, vinc
icavs WeSmaritebas, simarTles.
SevsTxov RmerTs, wmida ilia marTlis locviT, ufro metad ganamtkicos
Cveni eri WeSmariti sarwmunoebiT, siyvaruliTa da sikeTiT.
SevsTxov wmida ilia marTals, iyos aw da maradis gamorCeulad mfarveli
Cveni axalgazrdobisa, Cveni studentobisa. amieridan Cveni axalgazrdoba
133
mimarTavs mas gansakuTrebuli locviT da wmida ilia marTalic RvTis winaSe
misi meoxi iqneba.
orive ilias madli geweodeT, RmerTma dalocos Cveni didi winapari, wmida
ilia marTali. amieridan is, rogorc brwyinvale varskvlavi Cvens wmidanTa Soris
brZandeba. misi Sewevna ar mogakloT RmerTma Tqven da sruliad saqarTvelos.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II samarTlianad Tvlida, rom cotne dadianis
gmiroba da moyvasisaTvis Tavdadeba kmaroda misi wmindanad kanonizaciisaTvis.
1999 wlis 26 oqtombers, wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT, erovnuli gmiri cotne
dadiani wmindanad Seiracxa. patriarqma aseve ukvdavyo XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi
sparseTSi daRupulni `wmida mowameni qarTvelni~, sarwmunoebisaTvis
Tavdadebulni lazni, saqarTvelos mefe vaxtang III, romelic aResrula 1303
wels. didi qarTveli mecnieris eqvTime TayaiSvilis Rvawli yvelasaTvis
cnobilia. misi dauRalavi saqmianobiT XIX-XX saukuneTa mijnaze SesaZlebeli
gaxda mravali ucnobi xelnawerisa da saistorio sabuTis moZieba da gadarCena.
fasdaudebeli iyo mecnieris mier mowyobili samecniero eqspediciebi rogorc
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi, aseve _ TurqeTis saqarTveloSi, istoriul
tao-klarjeTSi. eqvTime TayaiSvili patronobda 1921 wels emigraciaSi wasuli
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis mier gatanil qarTul
siwmindeebs. samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg am didma adamianma bolSevikuri
xelisuflebisgan damcireba, Seuracxyofa, ciliswameba da mravali usiamovneba
gadaitana. igi aResrula 1953 wels. qarTveli sazogadoeba sinanuliT ixsenebs
mecnieris samSobloSi cxovrebis bolo wlebs. mravali wigni da samadlobeli
werili mieZRvna mis xsovnas, magram yovelive es mis damsaxurebasTan
SedarebiT zRvaSi wveTi iyo. uwmidesma da unetaresma sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqma ilia II-m 2002 wlis 18 oqtombris sinodis sxdomaze
eris winaSe gansakuTrebuli damsaxurebisaTvis mowamebrivad aRsrulebuli
eqvTime TayaiSvili wmindanad Seracxa da mas wmida eqvTime RvTiskaci
uwoda. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis es istoriuli
gadawyvetileba didi adamianis ukvdavebisa da STamomavlobis mier daSvebuli
Secdomebis gamosworebis ubadlo magaliTia.
saukuneTa manZilze qarTvel wmindanTa Sesaxeb cnobebi Taobidan Taobas
gadaecemoda. bevri wyaro daikarga, bevri Rirseuli moRvawe Tavis droze ver
iqna saTanadod dafasebuli. uwmidesma da unetaresma sapatriarqoSi Seqmnil
wmindanTa kanonizaciis komisias (xelmZRvaneli cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti
danieli) daavala, moeZia masalebi saqarTvelos eklesiisa da qarTveli xalxis
winaSe gansakuTrebuli Rvawlis mqone pirovnebebze, raTa wmida sinodis
sxdomebze aRsrulebuliyo maTi kanonizacia. 1996 wlis 23 dekembers wmindanebad
Seiracxnen wmida ninos mSoblebi _ zabuloni da sosana, 2002 wlis 18 oqtombers
_ qarTlis pirveli kaTolikosi petre I, kaTolikosi samoel I, sruliad
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saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi melqisedek I, XVI saukunis saeklesio
moRvawe zosime kumurdoeli. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m episkoposebis:
gabrielis, aleqsandres, mitropolit nazarisa da samRvdelo krebulis,
mRvdel-monazon aleqsi SuSanias, ilarion yanCavelis, grigol feraZis, eqvTime
kereseliZis, ioane maisuraZis, giorgi mxeiZis, mitropolitebis: dosiTeozisa
da eqvTimes, wmida Gabriel veris (urgebaZe) wmindanebad SeracxviT istoriuli
samarTlianoba aRadgina.
1995 wlis 18-19 seqtembers saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis gafarToebul saeklesio krebaze uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi wmindanad Seracxa.
rodesac patriarqma es gadawyvetileba amcno krebis monawileebs, cremli
ver Seikava. es iyo sinanuli im adamianTa nacvlad, romelTac qarTveli
xalxis politikuri da eklesiuri TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZol kaTolikos
ambrosis mravali usiamovneba miayenes, saqarTvelos eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeli
samSoblos Ralatis braldebiT cixeSic ki gamoketes. kaTolikos-patriarqma
ambrosim Tavis sasamarTlo procesze qristes sityvebiT mimarTa mrevls:
`asulno ierusalimisano, nu stiriT Cemda, aramed itireT TavTa TqvenTa da
SvilTa TqvenTa~. wmida ambrosi aRmsarebeli axlad Seracxul wmindanTa dasSi
gamorCeulad brwyinavs.
kaTolikos-patriarqma mecnier istorikosebTan mravalwliani
konsultaciebis Semdeg kidev ufro srulad gaiazra saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriaSi avtokefaliuri moZraobis
meTauris, didi mecnierisa da sazogado moRvawis, kaTolikos-patriarqis
kirion II-is Rvawli. kirion II-m mravali dabrkoleba, ciliswameba, devna-
gadasaxleba gadaitana, magram saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis
aRdgenisaTvis brZola ar Seuwyvetia. man aRasrula Tavisi sityvebi:
`mamuliSvilobis gvirgvini samSoblos samsxverploze hkidiao~ da 1918 wlis
27 ivniss martyofis monasterSi mowameobrivad aResrula. qarTvel mecnierTa
da sasuliero wreebSi oTxmoc welze met xans ar Sewyvetila dava da azrTa
urTierTWidili, Tu ra moxda 1918 wlis 27 ivniss martyofis monasterSi.
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m uwmidesi kaTolikos-patriarqis, kirion II-is
wmindanad SeracxviT Rirseulad daafasa didi winamorbedis Rvawli qarTveli
erisa da dedaeklesiis winaSe.
aseTive pativi miago uwmidesma da unetaresma samSoblodan usamarTlod
devnili bagratovanTa samefo saxlis warmomadgenlis, 1815 wels trapizonSi
aRsrulebuli imerTa mefis solomon II-is xsovnas: 1990 wels panaSvidebi
gadauxada sionisa da sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZrebSi, xolo 2005 wlis
27 ivniss samSoblos damoukideblobisaTvis mebrZoli Tavdadebuli mefe
wmindanad Seracxa. patriarqma am gadawyvetilebiT kidev erTxel cxadyo, rom
135
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia Rirseul pativs miagebs
did winaparTa xsovnas.
uwmindesi did winamorbedTa saqmis Rrseuli gamgrZelebli da, amave dros,
maTi Rvawlis damfasebelia. igi araerTxel Sexebia 1927-1932 wlebis saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis umZimes mdgomareobas da aRuniSnavs
patriarq qristefore III-is alRo da moqniloba, axal sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan
dialogi da TanamSromloba, romliTac man sruli ganadgurebisgan ixsna
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia.
uwmidesma 1979 wels sapatriarqoSi Seqmna sagangebo jgufi, romelsac
unda moeZia masalebi uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrates Sesaxeb. Seikriba
uwmidesi kalistrates TanamedroveTa mogonebebi, ramac kidev ufro TvalsaCino
gaxada didi patriarqis Rvawli da damsaxureba. ilia II studentobis periodSi
araerTxel Sexvedria uwmides da unetares melqisedek III-s. ilia II-s misaloc
baraTebSi lakonurad, magram srulad warmouCenia kaTolikos-patriarqebis:
efrem II-isa da daviT V-is Rvawli saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis winaSe.
patriarqi erTnairad yuradRebiania mRvdelmTavrebisa da rigiTi
sasuliero pirebis mimarT. man pativi miago sionis taZris protopresviters _
paxum obolaZes, mitropolitebs: giorgis (RonRaZe), zinobs (maJuga), grigols
(cercvaZe), konstantines (meliqiZe), elises (joxaZe). uwmidesis locva-
kurTxeviT sionis ezoSi dakrZales mitropolitebi aTanase (CaxvaSvili) da
Tadeozi (ioramaSvili).
uwmidesi da unetaresi saocrad mimtevebelia. amis dasturia patriarqis
pativiscema baTum-Semoqmedeli mitropolitebis _ romanozisa (petriaSvili) da
Sios (avaliSvili) mimarT, romelnic Tavis droze misi uwmidesobis Seurigebeli
oponentebi iyvnen. isini, patriarqis gadawyvetilebiT, sionis taZris ezoSi
dakrZales. xolo rodesac gardaicvala Wyondideli mTavarepiskoposyofili
ioane (ananiaSvili), uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m miiRo gadawyvetileba
misi samTavros monastris ezoSi dakrZalvis Sesaxeb. aseve mitropolityofili
nikolozi (maxaraZe) dakrZales CuRureTis wmida nikolozis saxelobis eklesiis
galavanSi.
didi pativi miago patriarqma merab kostavas, zurab WavWavaZis, giorgi
Wanturias, akaki baqraZis, zviad gamsaxurdias xsovnas. 2007 wels groznodan
saqarTveloSi gadmoasvenes saqarTvelos pirveli prezidentis, zviad
gamsaxurdias, neSti. qarTveli xalxi Tvalcremliani miacilebda mravaltanjuli
adamianis cxedars sveticxovlis taZridan mTawmindisaken. Uuwmidesma da
unetaresma TviTon gadauxada panaSvidi gansvenebul prezidents.
saqarTvelos patriarqi gansakuTrebuli siyvaruliTa da pativiscemiT
epyroba bagratovanTa samefo saxlis warmomadgenlebs, miiCnevs, rom
136
bagrationebs jer kidev bevri aqvT gasakeTebeli saqarTvelosaTvis. igi ar
gamoricxavs saqarTveloSi konstituciuri monarqiis iseTi saxiT aRdgenis
SesaZleblobas, roca mefe mefobs, magram ar marTavs. patriarqis locva-
kurTxeviT, XX saukunis 90-ian wlebidan ganaxlda bagrationTa samefos saxlis
gardacvlil wevrTa sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi dakrZalvis procesi.
sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi SabaTobiT Savosani adamianebi ikribebian. maT
saxeze udidesi tkivili da mwuxarebaa aRbeWdili. umravlesobas cxovrebaSi
didi tragedia daatyda Tavs _ isini Svilgardacvlili dedebi arian. Tu ara
eklesia, ilia II-is yuradReba, maTi cxovreba maSin damTavrdeboda, rodesac
sakuTar Svilebs gamoeTxovnen. patriarqma maT uCvena sulieri cxovrebis gza
xsnisa.
TbilisSi Svilgardacvlil dedaTa raodenobam 800-s gadaaWarba. didma
tkivilma gaaerTiana isini. rogorc misma uwmidesobam brZana, aseTi erToba
Svilgardacvlili dedebisa erTaderTia qristianobis ocsaukunovan msoflio
istoriaSi. dedebis erTad yofna xom marTlmadideblobis usityvo qadagebaa~.
Svilgardacvlili dedebi mraval sasikeTo saqmeTa iniciatorebi arian.
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania maTi saqmianoba sapatriarqosTan arsebul
mowyalebis saxlSi, romelic daarsda 1994 wels da sadac asobiT upovar
adamians yoveldRiurad umzadeben sadilebs, utareben ufaso samedicino
Semowmebas. `Cvenma erTobam, _ aRniSnavs sapatriarqos arqivis gamge, qalbatoni
mzia kacaZe, _ mravali mSobeli gadaarCina im saSineli codvis Cadenas,
romelsac TviTmkvleloba hqvia. axladSvilgardacvlil mSoblebs, romlebic
ganadgurebulebi, imeddakargulebi modian sionSi SabaTis wirvaze, sadac isini
nugeSiniscemulni arian saRvTo madliT, siTboTi da siyvaruliT. bevr maTgans
Tavidan arc esmis, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania wirva-locvaSi monawileobis
miReba, magram RvTis wyalobiT isini TandaTanobiT Tavadac iwyeben eklesiur
cxovrebas~.
afxazeTSi daRupuli erovnuli gmiris _ Jiuli Sartavas deda, qalbatoni
nino (fenia) daraselia-Sartava uwmidesisa da unetaresi ilia II-sadmi gagzavnil
samadlobel werilSi ambobs: `xalxis msaxurebis gza ekliania, magram amdenad
Seufasebelia saqarTvelos patriarqis Rvawli sruliad saqarTvelosa da
piradad Cveni ojaxis winaSe. dRes, marTalia, fizikurad dauZlurebulni,
magram sulierad gaZlierebulni, vavedrebT ufals saqarTvelos da mis
saWeTmpyrobels sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs ilia II-s, madloba
ufals, madloba patriarqs yvelafrisaTvis! Uufalma didxans acocxlos Cveni
saTayvanebeli qarTveli eris mama, eris imedi, uwmidesi da unetaresi Cveni
patriarqi~.
137
Tavi IX. erisa da eklesiis interesebis sadarajoze
`mkacri iSviaTad var, magram, Tu es Seexeba samSoblosa da eklesiis beds,
Seuvali vxdebi. RvTisa da eris moRalates mkacri sasjeli SemiZlia
davado, amave dros, sul velodebi misgan sinanuls da, Tu moinaniebs,
mzad var yvelaferi vapatio~ _ brZanebs kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II.
mZime da sapasuxismgebloa eris sulieri winamZRoloba. adamianebis
umravlesoba garedan xedavs patriarqis saqmianobas. patriarqi locvazea,
patriarqi wiravs, taZarSi sazeimod imoseba, zogierTs ainteresebs, oqrosia
Tu ara patriarqis mitra, kverTxi... uwmidesi grZnobs amas da gvafrTxilebs:
¬`rodesac Tanamedrove istorikosebi da zogjer RvTismetyvelnic eklesiaze
weren, ufro xSirad mis garegnul mxareze amaxvileben yuradRebas an warsulis
mixedviT afaseben mis rols. eklesia gacilebiT ufro didia, vidre Cven
gvgonia~.
saqarTvelos patriarqis zeobis ocdaTvrametwliani xana, esaa xiluli
da uxilavi winaaRmdegobebis daZlevis periodi. 1977 wlis 25 dekembridan,
rodesac uwmidesma da unetaresma sveticxovelSi ganacxada, rom Segnebuli
hqonda is sapatio movaleoba, romelic daakisra wmida taZris TaRebqveS maRalma
RmerTma, patriarqs erTi dRec ar hqonia mSvidi cxovreba. sabWoTa imperiis
mesveurni cdilobdnen, eklesia xalxisgan mowyvetili yofiliyo. saTqmelad
advilia, sionis sapatriarqo taZars mrevli moawydao, magram am Ziebis procesSi
myof adamianebs mofereba, gafrTxileba da WeSmarit marTlmadideblur
RirebulebebTan ziareba sWirdebodaT. xelisuflebas aRizianebda xalxis
eklesiisaken Semobruneba. rogorc uwmidesma gaixsena, mas pirdapir uTxres,
xom ar ajobebda, mxolod didi saeklesio dResaswaulebis dros ewira sionSi.
patriarqi ar dasTanxmda am winadadebas.
sazogadoebisaTvis naklebad cnobilia 1982-1983 wlebis movlenebi,
rodesac saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis winaaRmdeg
arnaxuli Seteva daiwyo. saqarTvelos partiuli xelmZRvanelobis mier
miRebuli dadgenileba `mavne tradiciebisa da wes-CveulebaTa winaaRmdeg
brZola~ faqtobrivad erovnuli da sarwmunoebrivi interesebis winaaRmdeg iyo
mimarTuli. am brZolas Seewira ramdenime maRali ierarqic.
patriarqi Cveuli sibrZniTa da SeupovrobiT nabij-nabij zrdida
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtoritets.
oficialuri xelisuflebis survili _ saqarTvelos eklesia Tavisi politikuri
interesebisaTvis gamoeyenebina _ uSedegod damTavrda.
1983 wels, moskovis miTiTebis Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSi didi zeimiT unda
aReniSnaT georgievskis traqtatis 200 wlisTavi. adgilobrivma xelisuflebam
138
patriarqs mosTxova, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiac gamoxmaureboda am
mniSvnelovan TariRs. maSin uwmidesma da unetaresma miiRo gadawyvetileba,
aReniSna saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis 1500, avtokefaliis aRdgenidan 65
da Tavisi patriarqad aRsaydrebidan 5 wlisTavi. saqmeSi Cauxedavi zogierTi
pirovneba ki amtkicebda, TiTqos uwmidesida unetaresi gasuli saukunis 70-
80-ian wlebSi oficialur saero xelisuflebasTan dapirispirebas erideboda.
konfrontacia-dapirispireba ar aris patriarqis cxovrebis wesi, magram
1980 wlis dasawyisSi uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is werili, gagzavnili
saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWos maSindeli Tavmjdomarisadmi, pasuxs bevr
kiTxvaze iZleva. saqme exeba saero xelisuflebis gadawyvetilebas, saqarTvelos
eklesia-monastrebSi sakoncerto RonisZiebebis Catarebis Sesaxeb.
`CvenTvis gaugebaria, _ werda uwmidesi da unetaresi,_ ratom angariSi
ar gauwies imas, rom SiomRvimis monasteri moqmedi monasteria, am monasters
hyavs winamZRvari da aq RvTismsaxureba ar Sewyvetila; xom sakiTxavia, ra unda
qarTul monasterSi orRans?.. gadavavloT Tvali sxva taZrebis mdgomareobasac.
metexis taZarSi, sadac dakrZalulia wmida didmowame SuSaniki, axalgazrduli
Teatria, speqtaklebi da cekvebi imarTeba; biWvinTis didebul taZarSi, sadac iyo
kaTedra dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqebisa, amJamad orRania da
koncertebi imarTeba; TbilisSi wmida nikolozis eklesia sakoncerto darbazadaa
qceuli; anCisxatis sapatriarqo taZarSi saxelosnoa, naZaladevisDEiveriis
RvTismSoblis eklesiaSi abanoa, wyneTis eklesiaSi _ puris sacxobi. saqarTvelos
qalaqebsa da raionebSi mravali monasteri, eklesia gadaqceulia sawyobebad,
saxalxo garTobisa da dasasvenebel adgilebad. msoflioSi Znelad moiZebneba
iseTi qveyana, sadac ase upativcemulod epyrobian uZveles siwmideebs. xom
sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom es eklesia-monastrebi Cvenma winaprebma salocavad
aSenes da ara gasarTob adgilebad... Cven sinanuliT mivstiriT aTonis iverTa
monasters, ierusalimis jvris monasters im dros, rodesac saqarTveloSi
arsebul taZrebsa da monastrebs udierad veqceviT... me, rogorc sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, valdebuli var RvTisa da eris winaSe,
vTqva gulwrfeli, gulmarTali sityva am uaRresad didi da sulierad faqizi
saqmis Sesaxeb~.
1983 wlis 18 noembers qarTvel axalgazrdebs (soso wereTels, Zmeb
iverielebs, gega kobaxiZes, daviT miqaberiZes), romelTac sabWoTa sinamdvilisadmi
protestis niSnad Tbilisis aeroportidan scades TviTmfrinavis gataceba
da ucxoeTSi gaqceva, sabWoTa sasamarTlom ulmobeli ganaCeni gamoutana _
isini unda daexvritaT, maT Soris _ beTaniis monastris mRvdeli Teimuraz
CixlaZe, romelic im TviTmfrinavSi ar imyofeboda. oficialuri xelisufleba
sainformacio saSualebebis meSveobiT Seecada sazogadoebrivi azris Seqmnas
daxvretis muxlis mxardasaWerad, magram mecnierebisa da inteligenciis
139
warmomadgenlebma daiwyes xelmowerebis Segroveba axalgazrdebis dasacavad.
uwmidesma da unetaresma 1984 wlis 14 agvistos sagangebo weriliT mimarTa
saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumis imJamindel Tavmjdomares:
`saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodisa da
Cemi saxeliT, mogmarTavT TxovniT Tqven da prezidiumis wevrebs, SeiwyaloT
da sicocxle SeunarCunoT maT, vinc dakavSirebulni arian TviTmfrinavis
gatacebis mcdelobasTan~; magram xelisuflebas sazogadoebis daSinebis mizniT
maTi daxvreta gadawyvetili hqonda da saswrafo wesiT aRasrula ganaCeni.
uwmidesi da unetaresi Seuvali da mtkice iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis eparqiebis aRorZinebis, axali mRvdelTavrebis kurTxevis saqmeSi da
ar iTvaliswinebda oficialuri xelisuflebis `rekomendaciebs~.
dRes siamayiT vambobT, rom 1990 wels msoflio sapatriarqom aRiara
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtokefalia,
magram es iolad ar momxdara. 1977-1990 wlebSi stambulsa da TbilisSi araerTi
daZabuli molaparakeba gaimarTa. msoflio sapatriarqos warmomadgenlebTan
erT-erTi Sexvedris dros berZenma mRvdelmTavrebma ganacxades, rom wmida
mirons TavianTi xarjebiT gamogzavnidnen xolme. patriarqi wamodga, misi saxe
Seuvali gaxda. _ qarTveli xalxi aseT aRiarebas ar miiRebs, istoriis winaSe
pasuxismgeblobas, rom avtokefaliuri eklesia mirons konstantinopolidan
iRebs, veravin ikisrebs, _ ganacxada man.
patriarqi daemSvidoba msoflio sapatriarqos warmomadgenlebs...
SeTanxmeba ver Sedga. berZnebi wavidnen, aeroportidan darekes msoflio
sapatriarqoSi da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
meTauris poziciis Sesaxeb moaxsenes. msoflio sapatriarqo iZulebuli gaxda
daeTmo da mieRo saqarTvelos eklesiis mier wamoyenebuli pirobebi.
XX saukunis 80-90-iani wlebidan saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv-
politikurma cxovrebam didi gamocda mouwyo rogorc mTel ers, aseve
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias. 1989 wlis 9 aprils saqarTvelo iyo
erTiani da amaRlebuli. marTalia, mTavrobis sasaxlesTan sisxli daiRvara,
magram zneobrivad amaRlebulma qarTvelma erma daamarcxa sabWoTa imperia.
verc komendantis saaTi da verc Tbilisis quCebSi mogriale tankebi veRar
SeaCerebdnen qarTveli xalxis swrafvas Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisaken.
samwuxarod, qarTvelTa es erToba didxans ar gagrZelebula. Tavi iCina
piradma ambiciebma, Seqmnili viTarebis realurad Seufaseblobis tendenciebma,
gaCnda uamravi politikuri partia Tavisi liderebiT, droSebiTa da himnebiT.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia aris ara calkeuli
partiebisa da pirovnebebis interesebis gamomxatveli, aramed igi unda darCes
qarTveli xalxis sulieri erTianobis simbolod, rom eklesia arasodes unda
Caerios wvrilman partiul dapirispirebaSi.
140
miuxedavad imisa, rom uwmidesisa da unetaresis am mkafio, marTalma
poziciam politikuri partiis bevri lideris gaRizianeba gamoiwvia, drom
daamtkica misi marTebuloba. ilia II-m araerTxel mouwoda politikur partiaTa
liderebs urTierTpativiscemisa da Serigebisaken, igi mzad iyo, rom eriskacTa
Soris molaparakebebi sapatriarqos SenobaSi Semdgariyo. magram, samwuxarod,
saqarTvelo 1991-1992 wlebSi SidadapirispirebaTa da gare Zalebis meSveobiT
samoqalaqo omis qar-cecxlSi gaexvia. ̀ ZmaTa sisxlisRvriT gamowveuli tkivili
bolomde gacnobierebuli ar aris, _ aRniSnavda misi uwmidesoba, _ tragedia
moxda, magram Seqmnili mdgomareobidan gamosasvlel swor gzas ver vipoviT, Tu
movlenebs miukerZoeblad ar gavaanalizebT da yvelasTvis samwuxaro Sedegis
mizezebs ar aRmovfxvriT... eri daiyo qalaqebsa da soflebSi, samsaxurebSi,
ojaxebSi... mosaxleobis nawilis gaRizianeba gamovlinda eklesiis mimarTac.
imis nacvlad, rom eklesia TviTon daecvaT politikisagan da am mZime Jams eris
erTobis, mSvidobisa da keTildReobisaTvis aRevlinaT gulmxurvale locva
RvTisadmi, mas dapirispirebul mxareTa Soris arCevanis gakeTeba mosTxoves.
gana SeiZleba eklesia dadges politikis gamo orad gaxleCili eris romelime
mxares da Tavisi mxardaWeriT misces moraluri ufleba eris erT nawils meoris
gasanadgureblad?~.
uwmidesi da unetaresi mtkice, Seuvali da principuli iyo ruseTis
reaqciuli Zalebis mier afxazeTsa da Sida qarTlSi inspirirebuli
konfliqtebis SefasebaSi. im dros, rodesac saero xelisufleba iaraRis ZaliT
daamxes, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia iyo erTaderTi,
vinc qarTveli eris sulier da politikur interesebs gamoxatavda. patriarqma
sagangebo weriliT mimarTa gaeros generalur mdivans, msoflio patriarqs,
ruseTis prezidents, ruseTis patriarqs. man daufaravad mianiSna ruseTis
agresiaze axalgazrda, damoukidebeli qveynis mimarT da, rogorc 1922 wels
_ uwmidesma da unetaresma ambrosim, mouwoda msoflio Tanamegobrobas,
daxmarebodnen saqarTvelos. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m saqarTveloSi XX
saukunis 90-ian wlebSi datrialebuli movlenebiT SeZrwunebul Tanamemamuleebs
am sityvebiT mimarTa: `Cvens swrafad cvalebad da urTierTdapirispirebul
droSi kidev ufro kargad gamoCnda, rom eklesia aris is erTaderTi gadamrCeneli
xomaldi, romelsac Seswevs Zala, gadalaxos cxovrebis gzis aboboqrebuli
talRebi da napirze mSvidobiT migviyvanos~.
patriarqma 1993-2015 wlebSi kvlav imogzaura saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi,
Sexvda mosaxleobas, adgilobriv inteligencias, sasuliero pirebs da mouwoda
maT, rom arc erTi politikuri gaerTianeba, ragind mimzidveli programac
unda hqonoda, ar daeyenebinaT qarTveli eris erTianobis interesebze maRla,
rom is gamocda, romlis winaSec ufalma qarTveli xalxi daayena, dafiqrebisa
da sulieri amaRlebis safuZveli unda gamxdariyo...
141
XX saukunis miwuruls saqarTveloSi mravlad arsebuli arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis nawilma aSkarad, daufaravad gailaSqra saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiis winaaRmdeg. am organizaciaTa
mravalricxovan Jurnal-gazeTebSi ibeWdeboda publikaciebi, romelTa
avtorebic amtkicebdnen, rom saqarTvelos evropul sivrceSi integracias
aferxebda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia, romelic,
maTi azriT, Suasaukunoebrivi tradiciebis damcveli iyo. am organizaciebma
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis gaTanamedroveobis
mravali proeqti Seadgines, eklesiis SigniT dasayrdenis mopoveba scades,
daiwyes erovnuli Rirebulebebis gamocxadeba CamorCenil azrovnebad. isini
Cveni cxovrebis yvela sferos liberalizacias moiTxovdnen. saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis pasuxi am gamowvevebze kargad
Cans uwmidesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is saaxalwlo, saaRdgomo da saSobao
epistoleebSi, sakvirao qadagebebSi. vinc guldasmiT gaecnoba maT, dainaxavs
1990-2015 wlebis saqarTvelos politikuri, kulturuli da sulieri cxovrebis
obieqtur suraTs. ̀ zogierTs iqneb hgonia, rom mociqulTa da wmida mamaTa mier
dadgenili qristianuli Rirebulebani drois Sesabamisad unda icvlebodes.
aseTi adamianebi sulierebaSi saerTod ver erkvevian da sarwmunoebas
mecnierul-teqnikuri progresis msgavsad ganixilaven. maT ar esmiT, rom
marTlmadidebloba es aris qristes eklesia dedamiwaze, qristes eklesia ki
aris suliwmidis madliT ganaxlebuli sicocxle qristesTan da qristeSi~` _
werda misi uwmidesoba.
2004 wlis 23 noembers, giorgobis wmida dResaswaulze, saocari sanaxavi iyo
saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
yvela moqmedi eparqiidan aTasobiT morwmune, eparqiis mRvdelmTavrebisa
da samRvdeloebis TanxlebiT, wmida xatebiTa da saeklesio droSebiT elias
mTaze wmida samebis sakaTedro taZris gaxsnaze miiCqaroda. mravalricxovani
morwmuneni iyvnen mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiis eklesiebidanac. samebis sakaTedro
taZris ezosa da SemogarenSi asi aTasamde adamiani Seikriba. es iyo saukeTeso
pasuxi eklesiis arakeTilmosurneTa mimarT.
XX saukunis bolosa da XXI saukunis dasawyisis saqarTvelosaTvis
aqtualuria sakiTxi, rogor ipovos Tavisi adgili msoflio TanamegobrobaSi.
uwmidesi da unetaresi afrTxilebs sazogadoebis im nawils, romelsac uyvars
sakuTaris uaryofis xarjze sxvisi mibaZva: `postimperiul sazogadoebaSi xSir
SemTxvevaSi uCndebaT arasrulfasovnebis gancda, rac maT damoukideblobis
mopovebis nacvlad xSirad axali `keTili¬ batonis~ Ziebisaken ubiZgebs. amas
SeiZleba pirobiTad provincializmi vuwodoT, roca arasrulfasovnebis
gancdis gamo xdeba upirobo aRiareba sxvisi primatisa, maqsimaluri damsgavseba
da monuri ltolva misadmi, sakuTari faseulobebis ugulebelyofis xarjze~.
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samwuxaroa, magram am saSiSroebis winaSe realurad aRmoCnda qarTveli
sazogadoeba. patriarqi Riad acxadebs: `Tu pirovnebas, xalxs, saxelmwifos
ara aqvs swori religiuri da erovnuli ideologia, liberalizmi aucileblad
mtrebis sasargeblod imuSavebs da Sinaganad daangrevs qveyanas. is ubiZgebs
sazogadoebas fsevdodemokratiisa da cru Tavisuflebisaken, gaaufasurebs
erovnul Rirebulebebs, daarRvevs formasa da Sinaarss sazogadoebrivi
cxovrebisas~.
uwmidesi da unetaresi gvafrTxilebs: `rogorc adamianisaTvis miwieri
survilebiT gataceba aris didi codva da uazroba, aseve uazrobaa saxelmwifo
interesebis Semofargvla marto yofiTi problemebiTa da miwieri sakiTxebiT.
Tu xelisuflebas surs, ar Caeflos amaoebis WaobSi da ar unda, sazogadoebis
wevrebi gawiros umizno yofisaTvis, mas yovelTvis da yovel saqmeSi caTa
sasufeveli unda hqondes da yvelgan da yvelaferSi qristianuli cxovrebis
wesis damkvidrebas unda cdilobdes. aseTi saxelmwifoa sicocxlisunariani,
suliT Zlieri da gautexeli. aucilebelia, rom saqarTvelom, rogorc Zvelma
qristianulma saxelmwifom, ixelmZRvanelos qristianuli eTikiT da aSenos
erovnuli saxelmwifo Cvens tradiciebsa da marTlmadideblur sarwmunoebaze
dayrdnobiT~.
erovnuli saxelmwifos aSeneba, erovnulobis, qristianuli cxovrebis
wesis damkvidrdeba garegnul efeqtebs gamodevnebiT SeuZlebelia. yvelafer
amas didi nebisyofa da sulieri simaRle sWirdeba. sazogadoebis arcerTi
wevri Tavs damcirebulad, usasood ar unda grZnobdes. uwmidesi da unetaresi
brZanebs: `imis saSiSroebac aSkaraa, rom Cveni mTavari yuradReba mipyrobilia
teqnikuri, ekonomikuri da finansuri efeqtebis miRwevaze, urTierTobis
zneobrivi mxare ki sruliad daviwyebulia, ufro metad, lamis iZulebiT xdeba
zneobriobis gadagvareba, es ki sulieri da fizikuri ganadgurebis realur
safrTxes qmnis. RmerTi namdvilad ar gvapatiebs TavaSvebuli cxovrebis wesis
damkvidrebas da es yvelam unda gaiTavisos~. im adamianTa sayuradRebod, visac
saqarTvelos eklesiis daSla-danawevreba surT, patriarqi acxadebs, rom
eklesia Seuvalia da amaoa maTi imedebi, vinc amaze ocnebobs.
erovnul- saxelmwifoebrivi da saeklesio interesebi eris sulieri
winamZRolis did sifxizlesa da yuradRebas moiTxovs. uwmidesi da unetaresi
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi brZeni winamZRolia. yvela
qarTvelma unda daimaxsovros misi sityvebi: `me vafrTxileb Cvens xalxs,
Cvens morwmuneT: iyaviT dakvirvebulni da yuradRebianebi, nu dakargavT
WeSmaritebas, nu dakargavT Cvens sarwmunoebas, Cvens erovnul Rirebulebebs.
miwier sacdurze nu gavcvliT maradiul cxovrebas, Torem mere gvin iqneba~.
saqarTvelo mravalsaukunovani qveyanaa. saukuneTa manZilze qarTvelebis
gverdiT cxovrobdnen azerbaijanlebi, somxebi, rusebi, afxazebi, osebi,
143
asirielebi, ukrainelebi. Cven istoriaSi ar yofila SemTxveva erovnuli da
sarwmunoebrivi niSniT maTi Seviwroebisa. Tbilissa da saqarTvelos sxva
qalaqebSi marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis garda iyo maTi salocavebi. uwmidesi
da unetaresi ilia II qarTuli erovnuli tradiciis Rirseuli gamgrZelebelia,
saSobao da saaRdgomo epistoleebSi yovelTvis xazgasmiT ulocavs am
did dResaswaulebs saqarTveloSi mcxovreb sxva erebis warmomadgenlebs,
sapatriarqoSi xvdeba maT, interesdeba maTi problemebiT da exmareba maT
gadawyvetaSi. eris sulieri winamZRolis yuradRebis miRma ar rCeba arcerTi
sakiTxi. magaliTisTvis moviyvanT aseT faqts: istoriuli albanelebis
STamomavlebi udinebi cxovrobdnen azerbaijansa da saqarTvelos or sofelSi,
sul 1000-mde adamiani. aqedan saqarTveloSi, yvarlis raion sofel zinobianSi _
500-mde. patriarqi zrunavs imisaTvis, rom aq mcxovrebma udinebma SeinarCunon
TavianTi ena, tradiciebi; uwmidesis locva-kurTxeviT sofelSi Sendeba eklesia,
ewyoba folkloruli saRamoebi.
2011 wels uwmidesma da unetaresma sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi umaspinZla
msoflio iezidTa mTavars, princ mir Tahsin begs da msoflio iezidTa sulier
moZRvars, Seix axtire margahecs. stumrebma didi madloba moaxsenes mis
uwmidesobas, da unetaresobas saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi iezidebisaTvis gaweuli
daxmarebisa da yuradRebisaTvis.
aseTi magaliTebi kidev mravlad SeiZleba gavixsenoT. samwuxarod, XXI
saukunis dasawyisSi gamoCndnen mTeli rigi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi,
romelTac daiwyes mizanmimarTuli kampania saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis winaaRmdeg, rom TiTqos saqarTveloSi aramarTlmadidebeli
konfensiebi Seviwroebulni arian saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
mier. am jgufebma mkacrad gaakritikes 2002 wels saxelmwifosa da eklesias
Soris gaformebuli konstituciuri SeTanxmeba (konkordati) da moiTxoves
misi gauqmeba an sxva religiuri mimdinareobebisaTvisac analogiuri kanonis
miReba. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasa da saxelmwifos
Soris gasaformebeli dokumentis ganxilva TiTqmis ori wlis manZilze
mimdinareobda. ganxilvaSi monawileobdnen ara marto parlamentis wevrebi,
aramed saqarTveloSi moqmedi religiur mimdinareobaTa warmomadgenlebi
orwliani debatebis Semdeg Sejerebul variants moewera xeli 2002 wlis 14
oqtombers sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi.
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Tavi X. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociquloeklesiis sapatriarqos samsaxurebi
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis
aRdgenis Semdeg, 1917 wlis eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis
Tanaxmad, Seiqmna sakaTolikoso sabWo, romelic kaTolikos-patriarqis
TavmjdomareobiT yovelkvireul sxdomebze ixilavda saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis saWirboroto sakiTxebs.
sakaTolikoso sabWos wevrebi (sul 11 kaci) iyvnen rogorc sasuliero,
ise saero pirebi. sakaTolikoso sabWos garda muSaobda sakaTolikoso
sasamarTlo, romelsac, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis
TavmjdomareobiTa da saero da saeklesio samarTlis cnobili
specialistebis monawileobiT, gamohqonda gadawyvetilebani. sapatriarqoSi
iyo sakaTolikoso kancelaria, Jurnal `sveticxovlis~¬ redaqcia.
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos samsaxurebis saqmianoba 1921 wlis Semdeg
SeizRuda. 1923 wels saokupacio xelisuflebam saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel
samociqulo eklesias oficialurad CamoarTva sapatriarqo rezidencia.
am dros saqarTvelos eklesias aseve CamorTmeuli hqonda iuridiuli piris
statusi. 1927 wlidan gauqmda sakaTolikoso sabWo, ufro adre _ sakaTolikoso
sasamarTlo. sapatriarqoSi Seiqmna patriarqis sameurneo-safinanso TanaSemwis
_ qorepiskoposis _ samsaxuri. sakaTolikoso sabWo Secvala sasinodo plenumma,
romelic 1932 wlidan kaTolikosis „Tanai sinodad~ gardaiqmna, XX saukunis
40-iani wlebidan ki mas wmida sinodi ewoda. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi aRar
funqcionirebda arcerTi samsaxuri. xelisuflebam moaxerxa eklesiis izolireba
sazogadoebisagan. sapatriarqo darCa kaTolikos-patriarqis, misi TanaSemwisa
da qorepiskoposis amara. XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi efrem II gulistkiviliT
aRniSnavda, rom saxelmwifo-safinanso struqturebis sagadasaxado politikis
wyalobiT yvela samsaxuri upatronod darCa da ise Cans, saqarTvelos
sapatriarqos likvidaciamde erTi nabijiRa darCao.
1977 wels, rodesac saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II gaxda,
man miznad daisaxa saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
sapatriarqo struqturebis Seqmna, romlebic dakompleqtebuli iqneboda
morwmune da profesionali adamianebiT. 1979 wels sapatriarqoSi funqconirebda:
1. sagareo saqmeTa sammarTvelo, 2. saSinao saqmeTa sammarTvelo, 3. saredaqcio-
sagamomcemlo sammarTvelo, 4. saeklesio nagebobaTa, arqiteqturul-saremonto
da bunebis dacvis ganyofilebebi.
kaTolikos-patriarqi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda sapatriarqos
sagareo ganyofilebas. am ganyofilebas mWidro kavSiri unda hqonoda qarTvel
145
mecnierebTan, unda moegvarebina msoflios marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis
meTaurTa saqarTveloSi vizitebis detalebi, Seedgina kaTolikos-patriarqis
ucxoeTSi vizitis samuSao grafiki. 1977-2015 wlebSi sapatriarqos sagareo
ganyofilebas xelmZRvanelobdnen: mitropoliti nikolozi (maxaraZe),
mitropoliti daviTi (Wkadua), mitropoliti daviTi (maxaraZe), mitropoliti
abraami (garmelia). amJamad ganyofilebis xelmZRvanelia mitropoliti gerasime
(SaraSeniZe).
XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos saxeliT
yovelwliurad ibeWdeboda mxolod saeklesio kalendari, magram, uwmidesisa da
unetaresis RvawliT, SesaZlebeli gaxda saeklesio Jurnalis, saRvTismsaxuro
da saeklesio wignebis Zveli qarTuli xelnawerebis mixedviT momzadeba da
gamocema, sxvadasxva enidan aucilebeli sasuliero literaturis Targmna.
yovelive es did muSaobas moiTxovda. uwmidesis locva-kurTxeviT, sapatriarqoSi
funqcionirebs sagamomcemlo ganyofileba, sapatriarqos egidiT ibeWdeba
mravalferovani sasuliero literatura dogmatikis, saeklesio kanonikis,
RvTismetyvelebis, saeklesio samarTlis sakiTxebze.
XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis miwuruls, ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT,
sasuliero pirTa da mecnierTa jgufma Seadgina wmida ninos saqarTveloSi
Semosvlis marSruti faravnis tbidan mcxeTamde. am marSrutiT momlocvelebma
daiwyes mogzauroba. isini sasuliero pirebTan erTad xvdebian ninowmidis,
axalqalaqis, axalcixis, borjomis, xaSuris, qarelis, goris, kaspis, mcxeTis
raionebis mosaxleobas, esaubrebian saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis
istoriaze, wmida ninos mociqulebriv Rvawlze. maTi meSveobiT mravali adamiani
moinaTla, daubrunda dedaeklesias. uwmidesi da unetaresi momlocvelebs
sveticxovelSi xvdeba 1 ivniss da maT samaxsovro saCuqrebiT ajildoebs.
momlocvelebi aseve mogzauroben wmida andria pirvelwodebulis gzaze
didaWaridan awyuramde. sapatriarqos misiisa da evangelizaciis ganyofileba,
romelsac xelmZRvanelobs mitropoliti danieli (daTuaSvili), koordinacias
uwevs maT saqmianobas. uwmidesis locva-kurTxeviT sapatriarqoSi Seqmnili
momlocvelobis samsaxuri awyobs qarTvel morwmuneTa organizebul gasvlebs
sazRvargareTis CvenSi arsebul siwmideTa mosalocad.
1987-2015 wlebSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
mier wmindanad Seiracxa araerTi gamoCenili saeklesio da saero moRvawe.
wmindanad ama Tu im pirovnebis Seracxvas win didi samuSaoebi uZRvis.
wyaroebis, literaturis, saeklesio kanonikis Sejerebis safuZvelze Tavidan
iwereba misi biografia, romelSic mkafiod unda Candes pirovnebis damsaxureba
eklesiisa da eris winaSe, misi sulieri cxovrebis detalebi. yovelive amas
warmatebiT asrulebs sapatriarqos wmindanTa kanonizaciis komisia, romelsac
xelmZRvanelobs mitropoliti danieli (daTuaSvili).
146
jer kidev 1970-ian wlebSi istoriul da kulturul memkvidreobaTa dacvis
mizniT saqarTveloSi funqcionirebda ZeglTa dacvis komiteti, romelsac
xelmZRvanelobda profesori irakli ciciSvili. am komitetma araerTi
monastris restavracia SeZlo, magram oficialuri xelisuflebisaTvis eklesia-
monastrebs mxolod kulturuli memkvidreobis mniSvneloba hqonda da xSir
SemTxvevaSi ewinaaRmdegeboda aRdgenil eklesia-monastrebSi RvTismsaxurebis
aRdgenas. gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebidan daiwyo eklesia-monastrebis
sapatriarqosaTvis dabrunebis rTuli procesi, Seudgnen axali eklesiebis
mSeneblobas. Seqmnili viTareba moiTxovda sapatriarqosTan xuroTmoZRvrebis,
xelovnebisa da restavraciis centris Seqmnas, romelic saeklesio kanonikis
dacviT warmarTavda am process. uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT,
centris xelmZRvanelad dainiSna mitropoliti daviTi (maxaraZe). jer kidev
1957 wels patriarq melqisedek III-isadmi gamogzavnil werilSi zagorskis
sasuliero akademiis I kursis studenti ilia SiolaSvili fiqrobda xalxSi
gabneuli saeklesio siwmideebis Segrovebisa da saeklesio muzeumis Seqmnis
aucileoblobaze. ilia II-m sapatriarqoSi Seqmna siwmideebis moZiebisa da dacvis
ganyofileba, romelsac xelmZRvanelobda mitropoliti elise (joxaZe).
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia gansakuTrebul
mniSvnelobas aniWebs mravalsaukunovani qarTuli saeklesio galobis Seswavlis,
dacvisa da RvTismsaxurebis dros misi gamoyenebis sakiTxebs. 1977 wlidan
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiaSi aRdga qarTuli tradiciuli galoba.
uwmidesi da unetaresi araerTi qarTuli sagaloblis avtoria. sapatriarqoSi
funqcionirebs samgaloblo centri, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs axalcixis, tao-
klarjeTis mitropoliti Teodore (WuaZe). bolo xans saqarTvelos samociqulo
eklesiis sasuliero da saero pirTa erTma jgufma scada berZnul erTxmian
samgaloblo melodiebze agebuli qarTuli galobis Semotana. saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodma amgvari eqperimenti
miuReblad miiCnia. uwmidesma da unetaresma amasTan dakavSirebiT mkafiod
Camoayaliba Tavisi pozicia da ganacxada, rom es aris Seuracxyofa qarTuli
galobisa da qarTuli tradiciebisa, mamebisa da Cveni warsulisa.uwmidesma d
unetaresma 2003 wlis 14 Tebervals berZen musikaTmcodne grigorius staTisTan
Sexvedraze aRniSna: `vfiqrob, rom berZnuli musikis qarTul sityvebze galoba
cota uxerxulia. Cven did pativs vcemT saerTod bizantiur musikas, magram
yvela ers Tavisi galoba da Tavisi tradiciebi aqvs~.
mravalxmiani unikaluri qarTuli galobis SenarCuneba da ganviTareba
uwmidesisa da unetaresis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli.
sapatriarqoSi funqcionirebs agraruli departamenti (xelmZRvaneli bakur
gulua). sapatriarqoSi funqcionirebs agreTve agrosamrewvelo departamenti,
romelsac arqimandriti miqael gabriWiZe xelmZRvanelobs. sapatriarqos
147
aRniSnul samsaxurebs mWidro urTierToba aqvT garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi
resursebis saministrosTan. eklesia zrunavs saqarTvelos unikaluri florisa
da faunis dasacavad.
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos SeiaraRebul ZalebTan da samarTaldamcav
dawesebulebebTan urTierTobis ganyofileba (xelmZRvaneli dekanozi daviT
londariZe) koordinacias uwevs SeiaraRebul ZalebSi saqarTvelos samociqulo
eklesiis sulieri Svilebis qristianul cxovrebas, SeiaraRebuli Zalebis
dislokaciis adgilebSi sasuliero pirTa saqmianobas. msjavrdebulebTan
urTierTobis ganyofileba, dekanoz giorgi TevdoraSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT,
sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi msjavrdebulebTan agzavnis sasuliero
pirebs aRsarebisa da ziarebis mosurneTa sulieri moTxovnilebebis
dasakmayofileblad. uwmidesi da unetaresi TviTonac sistematurad dabrZandeba
sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi, xvdeba msjavrdebulebs. mas miaCnia, rom
sasjelaRsrulebis adgilebSi iseTi pirobebi unda iyos, rom msjavrdebuls
saSualeba mieces, daufiqrdes Cadenil danaSauls, moinanios da gamosworebaze
ifiqros. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II Tvlis, rom am bolo dros farTod
gavrcelebuli daavadeba _ narkomania _ adamianSi cxovrebis siZneleebis
SiSiTa da amqveyniuri problemebisagan ganridebis surviliT aris gamowveuli.
patriarqis iniciativiT, sapatriarqoSi araerTi Sexvedra gaimarTa narkomaniis
winaaRmdeg brZolis problemebze.
sapatriarqoSi funqcionirebs safinanso-ekonomikuri sabWo, romelsac
xelmZRvanelobs episkoposi iakobi (iakobiSvili), wmida daviT aRmaSeneblis
saxelobis ganaTlebis centri (xelmZRvaneli mitropoliti ioane gamrekeli),
axalgazrdobis sulieri da inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis centri (xelmZRvaneli
mitropoliti stefane kalairjiSvili), saRvTismsaxuro wignebis redaqtirebis
komisia (xelmZRvaneli mitropoliti iob aqiaSvili), gamwvanebisa da ekologiis
departamenti (xelmZRvaneli arqimandriti daviT WinWarauli), agrosamrewvelo
departamenti (xelmZRvaneli kaxaber maxaTaZe), janmrTelobis departamenti
(xelmZRvaneli arqimandriti adam axalaZe), socialuri uzrunvelyofis
departamenti (xelmZRvaneli zurab varazi), xalxuri rewvis ganyofileba
(xelmZRvaneli eliso arabuli), saqarTvelos sapatriarqos televizia
`erTsulovneba~ (xelmZRvaneli mitropoliti petre caava), saqarTvelos
sapatriarqos radio `iveria~ (xelmZRvaneli arqimandriti ilia nasiZe),
msjavrdebulTa Sewyalebis sakiTxTa Semswavleli komisia (xelmZRvaneli mzeqala
qarselaZe), axalgazrduli centri `Zlevai~ da `daviTiani~ (xelmZRvanelebi
kote svaniZe, giorgi miqanaZe), sapatriarqos arqivi (direqtori mzia kacaZe).
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis qorepiskoposebi arian:
mitropoliti Teodore (WuaZe), mitropoliti Sio (mujiri), episkoposi iakobi
(iakobiSvili), sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivania dekanozi
148
miqael botkoveli, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivan-
referentia Sorena TeTruaSvili, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos prescentris
xelmZRvanelia dekanozi daviT SaraSeniZe, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqis kancelariis ufrosia ioane gogua.
149
Tavi XI. patriarqi
uwmidessa da unetaress, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs
ilia II-s Tavisi sasuliero moRvaweobis naxevarsaukunovan istoriaSi
saintereso Sexvedrebi hqonda msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis politikur
moRvaweebTan, religiur liderebTan. 1977 wels saqarTvelos sapatriarqos
sagareo ganyofilebis Tavmjdomare, cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia
deliSi Sexvda indoeTis respublikis prezidents _ Sri faxrudan ali
axmeds da premier-ministrs _ indira gandis. am Sexvedraze indoeTis
xelmZRvanelobam pirvelad miiRo vrceli informacia sabWoTa kavSirSi
Semavali erT-erTi respublikis _ saqarTvelos, misi istoriis, kulturisa
da religiuri aRmsareblobis Sesaxeb.
1988 wlis aprilSi saqarTveloSi stumrad myofma amerikis SeerTebuli
Statebis saxelmwifo mdivanma jorj Sulcma survili gamoTqva, Sexvedroda
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs. sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi
uwmindesi da unetaresi gulTbilad miesalma sapatio stumars, ganumarta
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis roli da mniSvneloba. Tavis mxriv, amerikis
saxelmwifo mdivanma ganacxada: `is miznobrivi roli, romelic saqarTvelos
eklesiam Seasrula qarTuli kulturis, enisa da sulis amaRlebasa da
ganmtkicebaSi, namdvilad STambeWdavia~.
kaTolikos-patriarqi 1991 wels TbilisSi Sexvda da esaubra amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis eqsprezidents riCard niqsons, 1995 wels Sexvda
rumineTis prezidents ion ilieskus, 1996 wels _ germaniis federaciuli
respublikis prezidents roman hercogs. misi uwmidesoba 1993 wels TbilisSi
Sexvda ruseTis federaciis prezidents boris elcins, xolo 2005 wels moskovSi
_ prezident vladimer putins. ruseTis xelmZRvanelebTan Sexvedrebis dros
patriarqi xazgasmiT aRniSnavda, rom ruseT-saqarTvelos saxelmwifoTa Soris
urTierToba urTierTpativiscemasa da teritoriuli mTlianobis upirobo
aRiarebas unda emyarebodes. 1995 wels pirvelma mRvdelmTavarma Tavis
rezidenciaSi umaspinZla ukrainis prezident leonid kuCmas, xolo 2006 wels
_ prezident viqtor iuSCenkos. uwmidesi da unetaresi araerTxel Sexvedria
azerbaijanis respublikis prezidentebs: heidar da ilxam alievebs.
1995 wels gaimarTa uwmidesisa da unetaresis Sexvedra saberZneTis mefe
konstantinesTan. patriarqma am Sexvedras istoriuli uwoda: `TiTqos aRdga
1000 wlis winandeli tradicia, roca bizantiis imperatorebi ewveodnen
xolme saqarTvelos da Cveni mefeebi Cadiodnen saberZneTSi. Tqvens vizitSi
Cven vxedavT niSans RvTis didi gangebisa da amitomac fsalmunis sityvebiT
vambobT: ̀ ese ars dRe, romel qmna ufalman, vixarebdeT da viSuebdeT amas Sina~.
Tqvenma CamobrZanebam saqarTvelos miwaze warsul saukuneTa sunTqva moitana
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da gagvaxsena Cveni qveynebis urTierTobebTan dakavSirebuli movlenebi~.
uwmidesi da unetaresi erevansa da TbilisSi araerTxel Sexvda somxeTis
parlamentis spikers Kkaren demirWians, somxeTis respublikis prezidentebs:
leon ter-petrosians, robert qoCariansa da serJ sarqisians. am Sexvedrebze
ganxiluli iyo qarTul-somxuri urTierTobis sakiTxebi.
patriarqi 2000 wlis dekemberSi, wmida miwaze qristeSobis dResaswaulis
aRniSvnis dros, Sexvda palestinis ganTavisuflebis organizaciis Tavmjdomares
iasir arafats. 2001 wels iranis islamuri respublikis prezident muhamed
haTamTan Sexvedrisas patriarqma aRniSna: `saqarTvelo-iranis urTierTobis
fesvebi Zveli welTaRricxvis Soreuli warsulidan iwyeba. im uZvelesi droidan
XIX saukunemde ar damcxrala dapirispireba Cvens qveynebs Soris. irani iyo
saxelmwifo, romelsac yovelTvis surda, Tavis mflobelobaSi hqonoda Cveni
miwa-wyali da am miznis misaRwevad mkveTr nabijebs dgamda. miuxedavad uricxvi
Semosevisa, qarTveli xalxi bolomde ar gamtydara da mravalgzis darbeuli
da ganadgurebuli, Semdeg ki feniqsiviT aRmdgari, kvlav iwyebda brZolas
damoukideblobisaTvis~. uwmidesma da unetaresma gamoTqva rwmena, rom XXI
saukuneSi or gansxvavebuli politikuri da religiuri sistemis qveyanas Soris
SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda urTierTTanamSromloba da urTierTpativiscema.
2001 wels kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II axali iustinianesa da sruliad
kviprosis mTavarepiskopos qrizostomosis miwveviT imyofeboda kviprosSi da
Sexvda kviprosis respublikis prezidents. Uuwmidesi da unetaresi qarTveli
xalxis saxeliT miesalma mas da brZana: `Cven didi siyvaruliT CamovediT
Tqvens brwyinvale qveyanaSi da gvaqvs survili, gavagrZeloT saukuneTa
manZilze arsebuli Zmuri urTierToba. Kkviprosis siwmideebsa da eklesia-
monastrebs did pativs miagebdnen Cveni mefeebi da didebulebi, amitomac
xSirad exmarebodnen. amasTan, aq qarTvelebic mravlad cxovrobdnen. maT
kolonia hqondaT niqoziaSi, ramdenime monasteri _ alamanis raionSi, maT
Soris _ Ralias, igive Jalias eklesia, romelic ganamSvena da Seamko Tamar
mefem. ori qveynis istoriaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia kikos monasters.
aq dResac daculia didebulTagan Sewiruli saeklesio nivTebi, maT Soris _
erekle mefiseuli cnobili dafarna, romelic saxes ufaravda yovladwmida
RvTismSoblis luka maxarebliseul xats~.
Uuwmidessa da unetaress Sexvedrebi hqonda safrangeTis ekonomikisa da
finansebis ministr fransua Jiskar de stenTan, germaniis sagareo saqmeTa ministr
klarus kinkelTan, evrogaerTianebis komisar torben xoliosTan, saqarTveloSi
akreditebul ucxoeTis saxelmwifoTa elCebTan. am Sexvedrebis dros ilia II
saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi da erovnuli mniSvnelobis problemebs ixilavda.
saqarTvelos patriarqis daxvewil diplomatias, movlenebis swor xedvas masTan
Sexvedris dasrulebisTanave erTxmad aRniSnavdnen xolme stumrebi.
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patriarqobis ocdaTvrameti wlis manZilze ilia II-s saqmiani urTierToba
hqonda saqarTvelos mmarTvel politelitasTan. gasuli saukunis 70-80-ian
wlebSi saqarTvelo, rogorc sabWoTa imperiis erT-erTi mokavSire respublika,
moskovis mier daniSnuli adgilobrivi kompartiis centraluri komitetis
pirveli mdivnebis meSveobiT imarTeboda. 1972-1985 wlebSi saqarTvelos
kompartiis centraluri komitetis pirveli mdivani iyo eduard SevardnaZe.
im dros saqarTvelos politikur xelmZRvanelobas qveyanaSi sayovelTao
aTeizmis damkvidreba hqonda dasaxuli mizanad. bunebrivia, aseT viTarebaSi
axladarCeul patriarqsa da saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis
pirvel mdivans Soris urTierToba sakmaod rTuli iqneboda. e. SevardnaZe
ise gadaiyvanes moskovSi, sabWoTa kavSiris sagareo saqmeTa ministrad, rom
erTxelac ar Sexvedria sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs.
1978 wlis oqtomberSi z. faliaSvilis saxelobis operisa da baletis
saxelmwifo akademiur TeatrSi Catarda wmida SuSanikis wamebis daweridan 1500
wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili saiubileo sxdoma. sxdomis prezidiumSi miwveul iyvnen
partiisa da sabWoTa organoebis maSindeli xelmZRvanelebi, mecnierebi. sxdomas
eswreboda uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi
ilia II. es iyo misi epizoduri Sexvedra e. SevardnaZesTan. 1986 wels moskovis
aeroportSi e. SevardnaZe SemTxveviT Sexvda ilia II-s, xeli CamoarTva da am
sityvebiT mimarTa: `me vamayob TqveniT~. Tavis mxriv, uwmidesma da unetaresma
warmateba usurva mas da Seaxsena, sakuTari samSoblo arasodes dagaviwydeso.
1985-1989 wlebSi saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis
pirveli mdivani iyo jumber patiaSvili. drois es monakveTi sabWoTa kavSirSi
`perestroikis~ anu gardaqmnebisa da reformebis xanadaa cnobili. Zirgamompali
sabWoTa sistemis gadarCenis mcdelobas warmoadgenda XX saukunis 20-70-ian
wlebSi komunisturi partiis mier Cadenil danaSaulTa monaniebis, Tavisufali,
demokratiuli azrovnebis damkvidrebisaken gadadgmuli nabijebi.oficialurma
xelisuflebam aRiara eklesiasTan mimarTebaSi daSvebuli Secdomebi da sindisis
Tavisuflebis deklarirebuli aRiarebidan mis praqtikul ganxorcielebas
Seudga. gamartivda administraciuli wesiT daxuruli eklesiebis oficialuri
registracia da amoqmedeba. aseT viTarebaSi sapatriarqosa da saero
xelisuflebas Soris TanamSromloba konstruqciuli gaxda. xelisuflebam
neba darTo saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias, gaexsna Tbilisis sasuliero
akademia, xolo ramdenime xnis Semdeg, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos daubrunda is
istoriuli Senoba, romelic 1923 wels bolSevikurma saokupacio xelisuflebam
eklesias CamoarTva.
1990 wlis oqtomberSi saqarTveloSi Catarebuli pirveli mravalpartiuli
arCevnebis Semdeg daemxo komunisturi mmarTveloba da xelisuflebis saTaveSi
erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis aRiarebuli winamZRoli zviad
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gamsaxurdia movida. zviad gamsaxurdia morwmune pirovneba iyo. igi jer
kidev 1972 wels uWerda mxars sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis
taxtze cxum-afxazeTis mitropolit ilias kandidaturas da mas saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi yvelaze gamorCeul, naTel pirovnebad
miiCnevda.
1979 wlis 19 agvistos zviad gamsaxurdiam aseTi Sinaarsis werili gaugzavna
patriarqs: ̀ uwmideso da unetareso! dRes, rodesac aRsrulda qarTveli xalxis
sanukvari ocneba da Tqven moevlineT mamamTavrad iveriis wmida samociqulo
eklesias, yoveli qarTvelis uwmidesi movaleobaa, amogidgeT mxarSi da Tavisi
Tundac mcire wvlili Seitanos Cveni eklesiis aRorZinebis did saqmeSi.
WeSmaritad didi da sasixarulo cvlilebebia Cvens saeklesio cxovrebaSi,
Tqveni madliani xeli daetyo yovelives, WeSmaritad ar yofila ganwiruli wmida
iveria, magram, amave dros, unda aRiniSnos, rom warsulis zogierTi mankiereba
jerac ar aRmofxvrila da bevri ram moiTxovs yuradRebas~.
zviad gamsaxurdia 1979-1989 wlebSi, rogorc sionis sapatriarqo taZris
mrevli monawileobda RvTismsaxurebaSi, administraciuli wesiT daxuruli
eklesiebis amoqmedebas cdilobda da TanamebrZolebTan erTad yvelafers
akeTebda daviT garejis samonastro kompleqsis gadarCenisTvis. zemoTqmulidan
gamomdinare, igi aqtiurad TanamSromlobda saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan.
1990 wlis 14 noembers patriarqi saqarTvelos uzenaesi sabWos sesias
daeswro, daloca sesiis monawileebi, zviad gamsaxurdias uzenaesi sabWos
Tavmjdomared arCeva miuloca da warmatebebi usurva. saqarTvelos samociqulo
eklesia erovnuli mTavrobis gverdiT idga da cdilobda, erovnuli Tanxmobis
SenarCunebas, romlis gareSec axalgazrda demokratiul qveyanas sabWoTa
imperiis marwuxebidan Tavis daRweva gauWirdeboda.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia miesalma saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
damoukideblobis aRdgenas 1991 wlis 9 aprils, man zviad gamsaxurdias
saqarTvelos prezidentad arCeva miuloca. uwmidesi da unetaresi Tvlida,
rom eklesia pirdapir arasodes unda Caerios politikur procesebSi, rom
SeuZlebelia eklesia TanamemamuleTa Soris partiuli niSniT gamoarCevdes
vinmes. miuxedavad imisa, rom iyo mcdeloba eklesiis politizaciisa, ilia II-m
ar dauSva movlenebis aseTi ganviTareba. 1991 wlis Semodgomaze saqarTveloSi
Seqmnili rTuli politikuri viTarebis ganmuxtvis mizniT saqarTvelos
patriarqma scada, xelisuflebasa da saparlamento Tu arasaparlamento
opoziciis warmomadgenlebTan molaparakebebi gaemarTa sapatriarqoSi.
samwuxarod, arc xelisuflebasa da arc opozicias ar eyo goniereba da
saqarTveloSi samoqalaqo dapirispireba daiwyo. z. gamsaxurdia iZulebuli
gaxda, saqarTvelodan wasuliyo. misi momxreebi gaRizianebuli iyvnen
saqarTvelos eklesiis mimarT, magram, droTa viTarebaSi, movlenebis obieqturi
153
Sefasebis Semdeg, yvelasTvis cxadi gaxda, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesia arCevans ver gaakeTebda uRirs da Rirseul Svilebs Soris.
is, rac moxda, iyo ubedureba, magram eklesia unda darCeniliyo qarTveli
xalxis erTianobis simbolod.
TbilisSi dabrunebuli e. SevardnaZe pirvelad sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi
mivida da amiT yvelas mianiSna, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo
eklesiasTan mWidro TanamSromlobis gareSe saqarTvelos saxelmwifos
mravalricxovani seriozuli problemis mogvareba gauWirdeboda. Uuwmidesi
da unetaresi Tvlida, rom umZimesi viTarebidan saqarTvelos gamosayvanad
aucilebeli iyo e. SevardnaZisaTvis mxardaWera da ara partiul-nomenklaturuli
warsulis gamo misi kritika. Uuwmidesma da unetaresma araerTxel daafiqsira
misadmi mxardaWera. 1993 wels, rodesac ruseTis reaqciuli Zalebis mier
afxazeTis teritoriaze kidev ufro gamZafrda dapirispireba, patriarqma
sagangebo werilebiT mimarTa gaeros generalur mdivans, msoflio patriarqs,
romis kaTolikuri eklesiis meTaurs, ruseTis prezidentsa da patriarqs
da mouwoda sworad SeefasebinaT afxazeTSi datrialebuli movlenebi da
saswrafod mieRoT zomebi sisxlisRvris Sesawyvetad.
1996 wels elias mTaze safuZveli Caeyara wmida samebis sakaTedro taZars.
prezidenti e. SevardnaZe yovelmxriv daxmarebas uwevda taZris mSeneblobas.
isic unda aRiniSnos, rom 2002 wlis 14 oqtombers saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa
da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel avtokefaliur samociqulo eklesias
Soris gaformebuli konstituciuri SeTanxmeba-konkordati prezidentisa da
patriarqis seriozuli TanamSromlobis Sedegi iyo.
2003 wlis noembris `vardebis revoluciis~ dros e. SevardnaZe gadadga
saqarTvelos prezidentis postidan. uwmidesma da unetaresma mis am nabijs
mamacuri da eris winaSe pasuxismgeblobis gamomxatveli uwoda.
2004 wlidan saqarTvelos prezidentia mixeil saakaSvili. axalgazrda
prezidentis inauguracia-kurTxeva Sesrulda gelaTSi, wmida daviT aRmaSeneblis
saflavTan. kaTolikos-patriarqma am sityvebiT mimarTa prezident mixeil
saakaSvils: `Tqveno aRmatebulebav, batono prezidento! Yyvelaferi amqveynad
RvTis gangebiT xdeba. Ggangebam uflisam dagadginaT dRes Tqven am didebul
taZarSi, raTa mogeniWoT madli RvTisa Cveni qveynis warsamarTeblad. es aris
wmida daviT aRmaSeneblis mier daarsebuli is savane, romelic saukuneTa
manZilze iyo simbolo qarTveli eris sibrZnisa da gonierebisa, rwmenisa da
sulieri simaRlisa; es aris is wmida adgili, sadac daRvrilia mravali cremli
da aRvlenilia mravali locva uflis winaSe saqarTvelos mTlianobisa da
keTildReobisaTvis. Tqveni warmatebis didi garanti aris xalxis ndoba. Ees
metad sasixarulo movlenaa, magram igi gansakuTrebul pasuxismgeblobasac
gakisrebT da mas gafrTxileba unda. arian xelisufalni, romelnic saTnoeyofian
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kacTa da mxolod miwieri sazrunaviT moculni cdiloben drois Sesabamisad
imoqmedon. aseTi adamianebi ver qmnian saxes istoriisas. arian xelisufalni,
romelnic Tavisi qmedebebiT, upirveles yovlisa, saTnoeyofian ufals
da jildod miwier didebasac iReben. rogorc wesi, maTi saxeli saukuneebs
axsovT. arCevani Tqvenzea. aq, am taZridan iwyeba Tqveni, rogorc saqarTvelos
prezidentis, moRvaweobis pirveli dRe. inebos RmerTma, rom es gza iyos
Cveni qveynis winsvlisa da keTilwarmatebis momtani… gelaTSi, wmida daviT
aRmaSeneblis saflavze ficis dadeba simboluria da didad sapasuxismgeblo,
vinaidan aq ara marto dRevandeli, aramed mTeli zeciuri saqarTvelo dgas da
Tqvengan `Cueulebisaebr mamulisa svlas~ moiTxovs~.
samwuxaro faqti moxda 2007 wels aWaraSi, feriis mTaze, sadac daangries
mSenebare eklesia.Udaiwyo garkveuli Zalebis mier eklesiis mizanmimarTuli
diskreditacia. uwmidesi da unetaresi ase axasiaTebs Seqmnil viTarebas:
`mimdinareobs saeklesio sakiTxebze arakoreqtuli, xSir SemTxvevaSi ki
Seuracxmyofeli da cilismwamebluri msjelobebi. yvelafer amas erTgvari
organizebuli saxe aqvs da masSi monawileobas iReben rogorc eklesiis
wevrebi, ise mis gareT myofi pirebi. CvenTvis gaugebaria aRniSnul procesebSi
im adamianTa monawileoba, romelTac eklesiasTan kavSiri ara aqvT, vinaidan
maT amis arc codna, arc moraluri da iuridiuli ufleba ara aqvT; xolo
isini ki, romelnic eklesiis wevrad miiCneven Tavs da eklesiasa da mis ierarqs
ki sajarod ganikiTxaven, arRveven uZveles saeklesio wessa da tradicias,
romlis ugulebelyofac nebismieri motiviT sruliad gaumarTlebelia…
problemebi yvela sazogadoebasa da yvela droSi iyo, aris da iqneba, iseve _
rogorc eklesiaSi, oRond maTdami midgoma da Sesabamisi qmedebaa orgvari.
erTis safuZveli siZulvili, mizani ki zianis motanaa, meorisa _ siyvaruli da
gamosworebis survili. orive damokidebuleba advilad icnoba. eklesiasTan
dakavSirebiT dRes mimdinare procesebic naTlad avlens, Tu sinamdvileSi
rasTan gvaqvs saqme~. 2012 wlis arCevnebis dros daZabuli viTareba Seiqmna
qveyanaSi. danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas patriarqis avtoritetma qveyana ixsna
axali seriozuli dapirispirebisagan.
patriarqis sasuliero moRvaweobis naxevarsaukunovani istoriis manZilze
mravali saintereso Sexvedra hqonda marTlmadidebel da aramarTlmadidebel
eklesiaTa meTaurebTan, araqristianuli denominaciebis sulier liderebTan.
Uuwmidesi da unetaresi kargad icnobda ruseTis patriarqebs: aleqsi I-s, pimens.
1997 wels moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarq aleqsi II-sTan erTad sergi
radoneJelis lavraSi saRmrTo liturgiaze uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m
ganacxada: `swored aq, am lavraSi, wmida sergis mfarvelobiTa da kurTxeviT,
avirCie Cemi cxovrebis gza _ beroba. moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqma
aleqsi I-ma swored aq, wmida sergis taZarSi damasxa xeli mRvdelmonazvnad.
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miuxedavad imisa, rom am movlenebidan ukve mravali weli gavida, lavrasa da
mis damfuZneblebTan suliersa da locviT kavSirs mudmivad vgrZnob~.
Uuwmidesi da unetaresi araerTxel Sexvda konstantinopolis msoflio
patriarqebs: uwmides dimitrios I-sa da barTolomeos I-s. 1992 wels uwmides
barTolomeos I-Tan Sexvedris dros man aRniSna: `Cven friad viwonebT da metad
vafasebT msoflio sapatriarqos Rvawlsa da Sromas marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi
erTsulovnebisa da msoflioSi marTlmadideblobis ganmtkicebisaTvis~.
gansakuTrebiT Tbili, megobruli urTierToba akavSirebda ilia II-s
aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis papsa da patriarq unetares nikoloz VI-sTan.
Uunetaresi nikoloz VI gancvifrebuli da aRfrTovanebuli iyo uwmidesisa
da unetaresis pirovnebiT, misi yuradRebiT da yovel zafxuls Camodioda
saqarTveloSi. erTxel man isurva patriarqis mSobliuri kuTxis, xevis, naxva.
rogorc TviTon brZanebda, nanaxma yovelgvar molodins gadaaWarba. yoveli
axali Camosvla mas ganumtkicebda im azrs, rom qarTveli adamianisaTvis
stumari RvTis wyalobad aris miCneuli.
unetaresi nikoloz VI-is gza ganagrZes unetaresma parTeniosma petre VII-m
da Teodore III-m.
patriarqs xangrZlivi megobruli urTierToba akavSirebda ierusalimis
patriarqebTan: uwmides benediqte I-Tan da diodorosTan. 2000 wels,
macxovris Sobis dResaswaulze, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II da msoflios
sxva marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis meTaurebi ewvivnen wmida qalaq ierusalims,
Sexvdnen da esaubrnen uwmides diodoross.
Uuwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II araerTxel Sexvda rumineTis patriarqebs
Teokstitesa da daniels, bulgareTis patriarq maqsimes, sruliad kviprosis
eklesiis meTaurs, mTavarepiskopos qrizostomoss, amerikisa da kanadis
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurebs, mitropolitebs: Teodoss, hermanes.
1999 wels vaSingtonSi, wmida nikolozis saxelobis taZarSi, saRmrTo
liturgiis Semdeg, ilia II-m am sityvebiT mimarTa unetares Teodoss: `Tqveni
unetaresobis mowveviT, sixaruliT vestumreT aSS-s. es aris Cemi meoTxe viziti
Tqvens qveyanaSi, magram igi gansakuTrebulia imiT, rom amJamad aq CamovediT
damoukidebeli, Tavisufali saqarTvelodan. Cveni mizania, ganmtkicdes
urTierToba saqarTvelosa da amerikis marTlmadidebeli eklesiebisa da
gaRrmavdes TanamSromloba Cvens or saxelmwifos Soris~.
uwmidessa da unetares megobruli urTierToba akavSirebda eladis
eklesiis meTaur unetares qristodulosTan, serbeTis eklesiis meTaur uwmides
pavlesTan. 1996 wlis agvistoSi uwmides pavlesTan Sexvedrisas misma uwmidesobam
aRniSna: `serbi da qarTveli xalxis istoria aRsavsea mZime gansacdelebiTa da
tragikuli movlenebiT. Cveni xalxebi mudam medgrad icavdnen TavianT miwa-
wyals ucxo dampyrobelTagan, icavdnen marTlmadideblur sarwmunoebas, enasa
156
da kulturas. gansacdelis dros Cveni eklesiebi mudam Cveni erebis gverdiT
idgnen da misi Wirisa da lxinis moziareni iyvnen~.
kaTolikos-patriarqi megobrul urTierTobas inarCunebs aramarTl-
madidebluri qristianuli konfesiebis liderebTan: romis papTan, anglikanuri
eklesiis meTaurTan, aRmosavleTis koptur-monofizituri eklesiebis
meTaurebTan. uwmidesi da unetaresi bevrjer Sexvda yovelTa somexTa
patriarq-kaTolikosebs: vazgen I-s, garegin I-s, garegin II-s, kilikiis somexTa
kaTolikoss aram I-s. guliTadi megobroba akavSirebs mas kavkasiis muslimanTa
sabWos TavmjdomaresTan Seix al ul islam alax Suqur faSa zadesTan.
patriarqs aseTive megobruli urTierToba aqvs saqarTveloSi arsebul
aramarTlmadidebluri konfesiebis xelmZRvanelebTan. 2002 wlis 11 seqtembers
TbilisSi gardaicvala somxuri samociqulo eklesiis saqarTvelos eparqiis
winamZRoli, mTavarepiskoposi gevorq seraidariani, romelic 30 weli msaxurobda
TbilisSi. Uuwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II daeswro mis dakrZalvas, daexmara
somxuri eparqiis warmomadgenlobas, raTa gansvenebuli mTavarepiskoposis
neSti daekrZalaT wmida giorgis saxelobis somxuri eklesiis ezoSi.
patriarqTan xSirad stumroben sxvadasxva konfesiis warmomadgenlebi da
misadmi pativiscemasa da madlierebas gamoxataven.
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi qarTuli sulisa da qarTuli xasiaTis
mqone pirovnebaa. mas araerTxel aRuniSnavs: `miuxedavad mravalerovani
mosaxleobisa, saqarTveloSi arasodes hqonia adgili erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi
niSniT devnas, amitomac aris, rom aq gverdigverd saukuneebia mSvidobianad
mkvidroben muslimebi, iudevelebi, qristianebi da sxva religiebis mimdevarni.
maSinac ki, rodesac mwvavdeboda urTierToba ama Tu im saxelmwifosTan,
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi am qveynis warmomadgenlebisadmi damokidebuleba kvlav
Semwynarebluri rCeboda. urTierTobis es wesi ar Secvlila Cvens Tanamedrove
yofaSic. moyvasisadmi aseTi midgoma qarTvel adamianSi marTlmadidebluri
sarwmunoebis didi pativiscemidan da siyvarulidan momdinareobs~.
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II Sexvda 1989 wels TbilisSi
Camosul deda terezas, iuneskos generalur mdivans frederiko maiors.
Uuwmidesi da unetaresi araerTxel Sexvedria did germanel dramaturgs herman
vedekinds.
ai, ras werda poloneli mRvdelmsaxuri dekanozi henrik paprocki:
`uwmidessa da unetaress, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs
pirvelad 1995 wels Sevxvdi, saocari adamiania, xSirad masTan urTierTobisas
Tu saubrisas migrZvnia, rom es ar aris ubralo adamiani, igi zeciuri stumaria
dedamiwaze… bednieria eri, romelsac aseTi mwyemsmTavari hyavs, rameTu mas
gadaSeneba ar uweria~.
patriarqi, rogorc didi Teologi, mecnieri da Semoqmedi pirovneba,
157
qarTveli mecnierebisa da xelovnebis moRvaweebis megobari da xelisSemwyobia.
uwmidesma da unetaresma 2001 wlis saaRdgomo epistoleSi gaixsena
inteligenciasTan, axalgazrdobasTan Tavisi urTierTobis pirveli wlebi:
`msurs erTgvari siamayis grZnobiT aRvniSno, rom saqarTveloSi inteligentTa
Soris TiTqmis ar yofilan mebrZoli aTeistebi. marTalia, umravlesobam
komunistur periodSi eklesiuroba dakarga, magram RvTisadmi Sinagani rwmena
SeinarCuna da am grZnobas bolomde Tan atarebda. amitomac iyo, rom 1977 wels,
rodesac, RvTis gangebiT, sapatriarqo taxtze amirCies, eklesiis dasaxmareblad
pirvelad inteligencia da axalgazrdoba movida. didi madlierebiT minda
gavixseno q-ni babo dadiani, aleqsandre (Sura) banZelaZe, guram pataraia,
levan cucqiriZe, lamara da grigol abaSiZeebi, irakli abaSiZe, erasti da elene
vaCnaZeebi, nana xatiskaci, medea jafariZe, rezo TabukaSvili, lili gegelia, rezo
CxeiZe, medea Caxava, zurab kiknaZe, elguja giunaSvili, giorgi cincaZe, mariam
lorTqifaniZe, baCana bregvaZe da sxvani. maT uTvalTvalebdnen, aviwroebdnen,
uSlidnen CvenTan siaxloves, magram isini ar uSindebodnen zewolas. minda
SevCerde axalgazrdebzec, romelTa yofna eklesiaSi maSin, faqtobrivad,
Tavganwirva iyo. ramdeni winaaRmdegobis gadalaxva mouxda, magaliTad, zurab
WavWavaZes, rom wlebis ganmavlobaSi SeenarCunebina TanamSromloba da kavSiri
sapatriarqosTan. es gza gaiara komunisturi mmarTvelobis dros eklesiaSi
mosuli axalgazrdobis udidesma nawilma~.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia, uwmidesi da
unetaresi ilia II qarTveli inteligenciis _ mecnierebis, xelovnebisa da
literaturis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebisaTvis komunisturi mmarTvelobis
xanaSi momavlis imedad iqca. sapatriarqos kari mudam Ria iyo maTTvis. isini
xvdebodnen eris sulier winamZRols da am Sexvedrebidan gamosulni didxans
siyvaruliT uambobdnen axloblebs TavianTi gancdebis Sesaxeb. inteligenciis
warmomadgenelTa mravalricxovani werilebidan movitanT uwmidesisa da
unetaresisadmi miZRvnils zogierT amonarids.
afxazeTis ukanaskneli mTavris SviliSvili, qalbatoni babo dadiani
erT-erTi gamorCeuli pirovneba iyo. igi sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi
usmenda kaTolikos-patriarqebis: kirionis, leonides, ambrosis, kalistrates
qadagebebs, 1977 wlidan ki uwmidesisa da unetaresis wirva-locvebze idga
mravalgansacdelgamovlili es aristokrati qalbatoni. igi mudam grZnobda
patriarqis siTbosa da siyvaruls. 1980 wlis dekemberSi ilia II-sadmi gagzavnil
werilSi igi wers: ̀ uwmideso da unetareso, muxlmodrekiT, Cemi Tavis umdablesad
daxriT, uRrmesi madlobis grZnobiT veamborebi Tqvens xels. ver agiwerT
Cems bednierebasa da sixaruls, gamowveuls Tqveni esoden didi wyalobiTa da
yuradRebiT Cemdami. vevedrebi ufals Tqvens xangrZliv, janmrTel sicocxles
Cvenda mfarvelad~.
158
patriarqisadmi siyvaruli, pativiscema da mowiwebaa gamoxatuli cnobili
mecnieris kalistrate salias mier parizidan gamogzavnil werilSi: `Tqveno
uwmidesobav, uwinares yovlisa, muxlmodrekiT vemTxvevi marjvenas Tqvensas.
Llocva-kurTxevis Tqvengan miReba da saubari dauviwyar momentad darCeba
samSoblos ganSorebul, tanjul, miwuruls mimdgar Cems cxovrebaSi. Tqveno
uwmidesobav, Tqven brZandebiT winamZRvari istoriiT datvirTuli qarTuli
eklesiisa, romlis meTaurT Tavs xSirad edgaT mowamis gvirgvini da akvirvebdnen
samyaros SeudrekelobiT, mxneobiT, gamZleobiT, TavganwirviT sjulisa da
samSoblos dasacavad. dideba Tqven da im wmida gvirgvins, romlis tareba bedma
da qarTvelma erma mogandoT~.
inteligenciis gansakuTrebuli madliereba eris sulieri winamZRolisadmi
kargadaa gamoxatuli werilSi, romelsac xels aweren qarTuli inteligenciis
cnobili warmomadgenlebi: `gveamayeba, rom xarT naTeli magaliTi
kacTmoyvareobisa, romlis niadagzec izrdeba Cveni awmyo da momavali. saqmeTa
did dinebaSi poulobT dros, raTa piradad gauwodoT xeli da unazesi mamobrivi
siyvaruliT CaixutoT Cveni samSoblos warCinebulni, mxatvari Tu mwerali,
musikosi Tu istorikosi, msaxiobi Tu sportsmeni… ar mohklebia Tqveni locva,
darigeba, saqarTvelos mamav-moZRvaro~.
saqarTvelos istoriaSi iSviaTia SemTxveva, didma adamianma sicocxleSive
aseTi aRiareba da sazogadoebis yvela fenis siyvaruli daimsaxuros.
saqarTvelos patriarqi, am mxriv, gamonaklisia.
159
* * *
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia, morwmune mrevli
gansakuTrebuli zeimiT aRniSnavs uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis dResaswaulebs.
1978 wlis 24 dekembers sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi saRmrTo-
sadResaswaulo wirva aRasrula uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m. taZari
saqarTvelos yvela kuTxidan mosuli xalxiT gaivso, yvelas surda uwmidesisa
da unetaresisaTvis mieloca patriarqad aRsaydrebis dRe. saRamos kinos saxlSi
gaimarTa saiubileo sxdoma, romelsac Tavmjdomareobda cxum-afxazeTis
mTavarepiskoposi nikolozi (maxaraZe). inteligencias, morwmune mrevls uCvenes
dokumenturi filmi uwmidesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is aRsaydrebis Sesaxeb.
1980 wlis 25 dekembers sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi saRmrTo-sadResaswaulo
liturgiis Semdeg, romelic patriarqis aRsaydrebis mesame wlisTavs
mieZRvna, quTaTel-gaenaTelma mitropolitma Siom (avaliSvili) uwmidessaa da
unetaress mimarTa: `ukve sami weli gvaSorebs im RirSesaniSnav 25 dekembris
TariRs, rodesac mcxeTis sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi RvTis gangebam
kaTolikos-patriarqis gvirgvini daadga Tavis rCeuls Tavze. me vulocav
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiasa da qarTvel morwmune xalxs RvTisgan
kurTxeul am axal dasawyiss Cveni sulieri aRmavlobisas. cnobili ambavia, rom
advili rodia sulieri cxovrebis aRmavlobis gzaze dayeneba... RvTis maRali
gangeba didi xnis winaT gamzadebdaT Tqven mcxeTis sveticxovlis sapatriarqo
taZarSi misasvlelad, im didi naTlis wiaRSi, rac RvTisgan rCeulTa xvedria
mxolod. xSirad gvekiTxebian xolme, rom patriarqis gvirgvini oqrosia Tu ara?
Hhoi, adamianuro simdablev Tu cnobismoyvareobav!.. patriarqis gvirgvini arc
oqrosia da arc briliantebiT Semkuli raRac... patriarqis gvirgvini RvTis
madlia, naTliT mosili... patriarqis gvirgvins fasi ara aqvs, igi ar iyideba
da arc brZoliT moipoveba... patriarqis gvirgvini ar iwoneba da arc izomeba,
arc mxatvaria misTvis vinme, arc xelovani gamomWedeli, TvaliT xiluli...
mas Wedavs mxolod uxilavi RmerTis marjvena... da mogilocavT Tqven, Tqveno
uwmidesobav da unetaresobav, rom Tqveni moRvaweobiT daimsaxureT aseTi
xelTuqmneli wmida gvirgvini.
yoveli dRe Cveni saeklesio Sromisa gvarwmunebs imaSi, rom qarTvel
morwmune xalxs RmerTTan siaxlove swyuria, uyvars qriste da qristianoba...
maSasadame, ara codvebiT daRupva, aramed maradiuloba da ukvdaveba swyuria
Cvens suls... Cveni locva, Cveni madloba da Tayvaniscema maRal RmerTs
imisaTvis, rom Tqveni saxiT mogvivlina didi moZRvari maradiulobisa da
ukvdavebis gzis maswavleblad. xom cnobilia, rom morwmune eris siyvarulsa
da pativiscemas oqro-vercxliT ver Seisyidi, verc brZoliTa da ZaladobiT
160
moipoveb... xalxma rom guli gagixsnas da Segiyvaros, amisaTvis RvTisgan rCeuli
unda iyo da madliT mosili. RmerTi unda uZRodes win saqmeebs Sensas da misi
tkbili siyvaruli gzas ginaTebdes... Cven gilocavT, Tqveno uwmidesobav, rom
maRalma RmerTma moganiWaT es didi jildo, da ase uangarod uyvarxarT guliT
keTil da patiosnebiT savse morwmune qarTvel xalxs. qristianTaTvis ra unda
iyos da sad unda iyos imaze didi bedniereba, risi mowmenic Cven gaxlavarT am
did taZarSi. angelozis dRes _ orSabaTobiT, saqarTvelos angelozebi, Cveni
Svilebi da SviliSvilebi, ikribebian xolme am taZarSi da ieso qriste locavs
Cvens Svilebs da camde asulni aRtacebiT vuyurebT xolme, Tu rogor upyriaT
Cvens momavlebs saxareba wmida xelebze, da maRldeba zecisaken suli Cveni
erisa... gilocavT Tqven, Cveno mamav da maswavlebelo, mTel am sikeTes da
vulocavT Cvens mrevlsa da samSoblos Cvensas, rom Cveni momavali uwmides
xelebs upyriaT saxarebis saRaRadeblad. zogjer daCoqeba umZims xolme
axalgazrdasac, Cems moxuc guls ki uyvars igi da emsubuqeba... me maCoqebs xolme
RvTis siyvaruli... da viCoqeb axlac im guliTa da im sixaruliT, rogoriTac aq
dganan frTebgaSlili Cveni bavSvebi orSabaTobiT _ angelozis dRes~.
1981 wlis 25 dekembers sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi sazeimod aRiniSna
uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis
aRsaydrebis meoTxe wlisTavi. uwmidessa da unetaress misasalmebeli sityviT
mimarTa urbnelma mTavarepiskoposma konstantinem (meliqiZe). patriarqma
madloba gadauxada Sekrebil sazogadoebas da ganacxada: saqmeni, romelnic
saqarTvelos eklesiaSi keTdeba, uflis nebaa, amitom yvelam madloba unda
SevswiroT ufals wyalobisaTvis.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi 25 dekembris,
patriarqis aRsaydrebis dRis, sazeimod aRniSvna tradiciad iqca. Tu pirvel
wlebSi mxolod samRvdeloeba da morwmune mrevli ikribeboda, xolo mecnierebisa
da inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi misaloci werilebiT kmayofildebodnen, XX
saukunis 80-iani wlebidan ukve isinic aqtiurad CaerTvnen sayovelTao sazeimo
dReebis aRniSvnaSi.
1987 wlis 25 dekembers uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis aTi wlisTavi gansakuTrebul sazeimo
viTarebaSi aRiniSna. sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi sasuliero pirebTan erTad
cdilobdnen, gamoexataT patriarqisadmi didi pativiscema da siyvaruli.
TavianT gamosvlebSi isini aRniSnavdnen uwmidesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is
gansakuTrebul damsaxurebas. patriarqma mravalmxriv saintereso sityviT
Seajama sazeimo sxdoma, madloba moaxsena yvelas keTili survilebisaTvis
da aRniSna: `ukve aTi weli gavida, rac patriarqis uRels vewevi, romelic,
marTalia, metad mZimea, magram, amave dros, didia Sewevnac RvTisa. Tu adamiani
mis nebas asrulebs, ufali mas misi wilxvedri jvris zidvas uadvilebs.
161
ar minda visaubro imaze, Tu am xnis manZilze ra gavakeTe. rogorc Zveli
romaelebi ambobdnen, gavakeTe is, rac SevZeli, xolo ukeTesi sxvam gaakeTos.
rac gakeTda, im saqmeTa aRmsrulebeli ufali, yovladwmida samebaa, xolo Cven
vmadlobT RmerTs, rom mis nebas xandaxan mainc vasrulebdiT... minda madloba
movaxseno Cvens mRvdelmTavrebs, romelnic bevrs akeTeben Cveni eklesiisa da
xalxisaTvis. xSirad morwmuneTaTvis SeumCneveli rCeba is didi jafa, romelsac
episkoposebi ewevian, magram es albaT asec unda iyos, radgan mTavari isaa, RvTis
saqme gakeTdes. minda aseve davloco da madloba movaxseno Cvens moZRvrebs,
ber-monazvnebs, diakvnebs, mgaloblebs im didi sulieri moRvaweobisaTvis,
romelsac isini mrevlisaTvis ewevian, madloba mogaxsenoT Tqven da mTel
qarTvel ers im didi siyvarulisaTvis, romelsac iCenT~.
kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis dRis aRniSvna martooden sazeimo
milocvebiTa da survilebiT ar mTavrdeboda. uwmidesi da unetaresi Tavis
Semajamebel sityvaSi piruTvnelad afasebda ganvlili wlebis saqmianobas da,
amave dros, samomavlo gegmebzec saubrobda. 1992 wlis dekemberSi, rodesac
misi aRsaydrebis 15 weli Sesrulda, saqarTveloSi rogorc politikuri, aseve
ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT urTulesi viTareba iyo. samoqalaqo dapirispireba
jer ar Camcxraliyo, daZabuloba iyo afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi.
miuxedavad am urTulesi viTarebisa, sapatriarqos istoriul rezidenciaSi,
sadac 1991 wlidan samuSaod gadavida saqarTvelos patriarqi, moewyo sazeimo
Sexvedra, manamde ki sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi Sesrulda sazeimo wirva. iyo
milocvebi, keTili survilebi. patriarqma arc amjerad uRalata tradicias da
sagulisxmo sityviT mimarTa sazogadoebas:
`marTlac didia da istoriuli dRevandeli dRe, magram ara imitom, rom
dRes TxuTmeti weli Sesrulda Cemi intronizaciidan, aramed didia igi im
movlenebis mniSvnelobiT, romlebic am 15 wlis manZilze moxda Cveni erisa da
eklesiis cxovrebaSi. ganvlo wamebis TxuTmetma welma. imdenad mZimea jvari
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisa, rom XX saukuneSi mxolod uwmidesma
da unetaresma kalistratem gauZlo mis tarebas oci wlis manZilze. metad
mZime iyo Cemi aRsaydrebis dro, roca oficialurad TiTqmis Tavisufali
iyo eklesia, sinamdvileSi ki idevneboda; magram ufro mZime wlebic hqonia
saqarTvelos eklesias, ufro metad yofila igi Seviwroebuli. magaliTad,
kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi xelaia daapatimres da daxvretac ki miusajes.
iseTi periodic hqonia saqarTvelos eklesias, rodesac sakaTolikoso sabWos
(sinodis) mTeli Semadgenloba cixeSi ijda da mis SenobaSi, romelic dRes
isev sapatriarqo rezidencias warmoadgens, mxolod mdivani darCa _ es iyo
mRdelmonazoni efremi, romelic Semdeg saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi
gaxda... saqme iqamde mivida, rom saqarTveloSi arsebuli 1500 eklesiidan
mxolod ormocdaaTiRa darCa moqmedi.
162
ai, aseT mZime dros momixda me RvTis gangebiT kaTolikos-patriarqad
aRsaydreba... amgvar pirobebSi, roca moqmedebda araoficialuri devizi, rac
ufro bevri cudi iqneba eklesiaSi, miT ufro kargia, didi mniSvneloba hqonda
saqarTvelos mTavrobis damokidebulebas kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevis
sakiTxisadmi. saqmes isic arTulebda, rom me, rogorc imdroindeli reJimisaTvis
saSiS pirovnebas, ise miyurebdnen, magram RvTis gangebas win veravin daudgeba
da ai, 1977 wlis 25 dekembers am taZarSi Sedga Cemi aRsaydreba.
rogorc patriarqma, pirvel rigSi, Cems umTavres movaleobad erisa
da eklesiis gaerTianeba miviCnie. eklesia TiTqos mowyvetili iyo erisgan,
gansakuTrebiT mTavrobasa da inteligencias iyo daSorebuli. am mdgomareobis
gamosworebis mizniT Cven davukavSirdiT saqarTvelos inteligenciis cnobil
warmomadgenlebs yvela sferoSi. Cvenda sasixarulod, maTac didi interesi
gamoiCines eklesiis mimarT. urTierTSexvedrebma saocari Sedegi gamoiRo, ufali
mivida yvelasTan. TviT isinic ki, romelTac TavianTi Tavi aTeistebad miaCndaT,
aRiarebdnen, rom sapatriarqos rezidenciaSi stumrobisas sulieri simSvide
euflebodaT. am dros maTze gadmodioda madli, romelic mizezi xdeboda
WeSmariti rwmenis dabadebisa. me mimaCnia, rom saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi
mamamTavari da moZRvari unda iyos ara mxolod im adamianebisa, romelnic
yoveldRiurad modian eklesiaSi, aramed yoveli qarTvelisa, da, saerTod, Cveni
qveynis yoveli mkvidrisa. kaTolikos-patriarqma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
unda miaqcios imas, visac ar SeuZlia an sulieri Zala ar hyofnis eklesiaSi
mosasvlelad. aseT kacTan igi TviTon unda mivides, mxrebiT itvirTos da ise
miiyvanos ufalTan... da bolos, im saocrebasac moveswari, rom saqarTvelo
orasi wlis Semdeg isev damoukidebeli saxelmwifo gaxda. Tumca siZnele isev
mravalia. upirveles yovlisa, Cvens ers imis Segneba sWirdeba, rom WeSmariti
damoukidebloba yoveli Cvenganis Sinagani ganTavisuflebiT unda daiwyos... ase
gavida TxuTmeti weli, romelic, rogorc vTqvi, wamebis wlebi iyo, magram isic
unda vTqva, rom Cven mudam vgrZnobdiT siaxloves uflisas, vgrZnobdiT, rom
CvenTan iyo RmerTi; da, radganac CvenTan ars RmerTi, veraviTari mteri, verc
xiluli da verc uxilavi, veras daaklebs verc saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel
samociqulo eklesiasa da verc saxelmwifos~.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis es sityva mravalmxriv sayuradReboa
istorikosebisaTvis. masSi naCvenebia is ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi, Tu rogor
unda daiweros saqarTvelos eklesiis uaxlesi istoria.
1997 wlis dekemberSi qarTvelma xalxma gansakuTrebulad aRniSna
kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis 20 wlisTavi. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi
gaimarTa samecniero konferencia, sadac araerTi saintereso moxseneba
waikiTxes uwmidesisa da unetaresis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb. am
striqonebis avtorma Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa patriarqs: ̀ Tqveno uwmidesobav
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da unetaresobav, oci weli gvaSorebs im RirSesaniSnav dRes, rac saqarTvelos
sapatriarqo taxtze moxda Tqveni aRsaydreba. mogesalmebiT sionis sapatriarqo
taZris 70-iani wlebis im mrevlis saxeliT, romelic Tqven SeqmeniT saqarTvelos
eklesiaSi da romelic manamde, samwuxarod, ar arsebobda. 1977 wlis noemberSi,
rodesac gardaicvala kaTolikos-patriarqi daviT V, mis mosaxsenebel
panaSvidebs wesis mixedviT aRasrulebdnen qarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi.
maTi umravlesoba xandazmuli iyo. rodesac Tqven SemobrZandiT taZarSi,
sazogadoebis is nawili, vinc ar gicnobdaT, verc warmoidgenda, rom qarTveli
mRvdelmTavari SeiZleba yofiliyo aseTi axalgazrda da gamorCeuli. bevrs
ucxoeTidan CamobrZanebuli stumari egoneT.
Tu ra savalalo mdgomareoba iyo saqarTvelos eklesiaSi, kargad Cans
Semdegi monacemebiT: Teoriulad moqmedi 15 eparqiidan realurad 4-5 eparqias
hyavda sakuTari mRvdelmTavari da hqonda moqmedi eklesiebi... eqvsi patriarqi
airCia saqarTvelom sabWoTa xelisuflebis mmarTvelobis periodSi, magram arc
erTi patriarqis kurTxevaze aseTi mravalricxovani sazogadoeba ar Sekrebila.
yvela grZnobda, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaSi axali era iwyeboda. amas
albaT xelisuflebac grZnobda da maqsimalurad cdilobda eklesiis izolaciasa
da Seviwroebas. sabednierod, Tqveni brZnuli, mwemsmTavruli moRvaweobis gamo
amas ver axerxebda. pirveli nabiji, romelic saqarTvelos eklesiam XX saukunis
70-ian wlebSi gadadga, iyo mrevlis Semokreba da Tqven, Tqveno uwmindesobav,
iyaviT pirveli maswavlebeli sionis mrevlisa, im axalgazrdebisa, romlebic
movdiodiT eklesiaSi, magram mcireodeni eklesiuri ganaTlebac ar gvqonda,
ar vicodiT taZarSi dgomis wesi, locva, sasuliero ierarqisaTvis mimarTvis
formebi. Tqven yvelafers gvaswavlidiT.
pirvel xanebSi gviWirda taZarSi didxans dgoma, magram Tqven gvamxnevebdiT
da gvixsnidiT wirva-locvaze daswrebis mniSvnelobas. Tqveni gansakuTrebuli
damsaxurebaa is, rom warmarTTa TavSesafrad gadaqceuli saqarTvelos udidesi
eklesia-monastrebi kvlav aRorZinda; alaverdoba, TeleToba, sveticxovloba,
lomisoba kvlav did qristianul dResaswaulebad iqca... dRes Zalian advilia
laparaki aRorZinebuli, gamSvenierebuli, gaZlierebuli eparqiebis saqmianobis
Sesaxeb, magram bevrma ar icis, ra sirTuleebTan iyo dakavSirebuli Teoriulad
arsebuli eparqiebis praqtikulad amoqmedeba... saqarTvelos eklesiis uaxlesi
istoria ukve iwereba... Tqven sicocxleSive ukvdavebis binadari gaxdiT...
vRelav, saocrad vRelav da ar vici, rogor gamovxato is gansakuTrebuli
siTbo, siyvaruli da pativiscema, rasac Tqven imsaxurebT qarTveli xalxisagan,
qarTveli mrevlisagan. saqarTveloSi saerTod ase ician: did adamians Zalian
gauSinaurdebian xolme. dro, distancia aris saWiro, rom es sidiade srulad
aRiqva. gansxvavebuli azris motrfiale qarTveloba erTsulovania Tqvens
SefasebaSi. saqarTvelos warsuls, awmyosa da momavalze fiqrSi gatarebuli
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uZilo Rameebis, umravlesobisaTvis dafaruli didi Rvawlis dafasebaa eris
usazRvro siyvaruli da pativiscema Tqvendami~.
patriarqis aRsaydrebis 20 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili daskvniTi sazeimo
sxdoma gaimarTa operisa da baletis saxelmwifo akademiur TeatrSi. uwmidessa
da unetaress miesalmnen mecnierebis, xelovnebis, SemoqmedebiTi inteligenciis
warmomadgenlebi. saqarTvelos prezidentma e. SevardnaZem gaixsena oci wlis
wina movlenebi, is daZabuli viTareba, romelic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel
samociqulo eklesiaSi Seiqmna axali patriarqis arCevis win. raoden didi
iyo inteligenciisa da axalgazrdobis survili, sapatriarqo taxtze exilaT
cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia. prezidentma ganacxada, rom pirveli
pirovneba saqarTvelos istoriaSi, vinc wmida daviT aRmaSeneblis ordeniT
dajildovdeboda, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II iyo.
kaTolikos-patriarqma am sityvebiT mimarTa qarTvel ers: `iseve
rogorc pirovnebis gansacdeli, eris gansacdelic RvTisgan misi sulieri
amaRlebisaTvis xdeba. axla swored am process gavdivarT da darwmunebuli
var, RvTis wyalobiT igi iqceva zecad aRmyvanebel Cvens sulier kibed. is ki,
vinc gaurbis RvTisgan daSvebul am gamocdas da iol gzas eZebs, uars ambobs
didebis gvirgvinze. me mivmarTav mTel Cvens ers, saqarTvelos mosaxleobas,
gadadgiT nabijebi erTmaneTisa da RvTisaken. ecadeT, yovel Tqvens moqmedebas
siyvaruli edos safuZvlad, raTa iyoT msaxuri uflisa da macxovrisa Cvenisa
ieso qristesi... qarTvelno, erTad _ RvTisaken~.
2003 wlis dekemberSi saqarTvelom aRniSna Tavisi didi sulieri
winamZRolis aRsaydrebis 25 wlisTavi. `drois usasrulo mdinarebaSi wuTic
ki ar aris 25, Tundac 70 weli, magram amqveyniuri saTvalaviT igi cota araa.
sruliad axalgazrda da mSvenieri, RvTiuri naTliT STagonebuli aRzevdiT
Tqven qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo taxtze... Tqveni patriarqobis pirveli
dReebidanve daiwyo da TiTqmis mTlianad mowesrigda saqarTvelos eklesiuri
cxovreba. uangaro Rvawli, romelsac Tqveni winamorbedi patriarqebi eweodnen
maTTvis mZime moRvaweobis periodSi, Tqven ganamravleT. qarTuli eklesiis
namdvili gamoRviZebis misia Tqven gxvdaT wilad... wlebis manZilze umRvdlebod
darCenil eklesiebs TandaTan daubrundaT, an ubrundebaT TavianTi saxe...
gelaTis, iyalTos, tbeTis uZvelesi, odesRac eladis simaRleze mdgari, magram
mtrisgan iavarqmnili akademiebis nafuZarze kvlav gaiRviZa sicocxlem... Tqveni
mudmivi sazrunavi iyo da aris, Cvens qveyanaSi, saerTod Cvens Soris, sufevdes
WeSmariti qristianuli siyvaruli. Tqven eris yvela Svils mouwodebT rwmenisa
da sikeTisaken... RvTisgan gansakuTrebuli locva-kurTxeviT xeldasxmuli
brZandebiT... iyaviT dRegrZeli. didxans mSvidobianad gemarToT wmida saWe
qarTuli eklesiisa~ _ am sityvebiT miuloca Jurnalma `jvari vazisa~ pirvel
mRvdelmTavars saiubileo TariRi.
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2007 wels Sesrulda uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is dabadebidan 75, berad aRkvecidan 50,
mRvdelTmTavrad dadginebidan 44 da patriarqad aRsaydrebidan 30 weli.
qarTveli xalxi gansakuTrebulad emzadeboda misi uwmidesobis saiubileo
TariRebis aRsaniSnavad.
2007 wlis 12 oqtombers daiwyo misi uwmidesobis aRsaydrebis 30 wlisTavisa
da mcxeTis jvris monastris 1400 wlis saiubileo dResaswaulis oficialuri
nawili. saqarTveloSi stumrad CamobrZandnen: konstantinopolisa da axlisa
romisa msoflio patriarqi, yovladuwmidesi barTolomeos I; kviprosis eklesiis
meTauri, mTavarepiskoposi qrizostomos II; Cexoslovakiis marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis meTauri, mitropoliti qristefore; ukrainis egzarqosi, mitropoliti
vladimeri; antioqiisa da sruliad aRmosavleTis eklesiis episkoposi
nifoni; ierusalimis eklesiis mTavarepiskoposi Teofile, ruseTis eklesiis
orenburgis mitropoliti valentini, serbeTis eklesiis mTavarepiskoposi
amfiloqi, rumineTis eklesiis mitropoliti iosebi, bulgareTis eklesiis
mitropoliti dometiani, eladis eklesiis mitropoliti ambrosi, albaneTis
eklesiis mitropoliti ignatiosi, poloneTis eklesiis mTavarepiskoposi
simoni, amerikis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis episkoposi irineosi. stumrebs
sazeimo miReba mouwyves sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi, sadac sityva warmoTqva
yovladuwmidesma barTolomeos I-ma: `didia Cveni sixaruli, vinaidan TqvenTan
erTad vimyofebiT, unetareso da usayvarleso Zmao, Tqvens stumarTmoyvare
da istoriul qveyanaSi, saqarTveloSi, romelTanac Cvens konstantinopolis
msoflio sapatriarqos mWidro, saukeTeso sulieri da, amasTanave, kanonikuri
urTierToba akavSirebs… Tavi moviyareT dRes aq, raTa erTad aRvniSnoT
misi uwmidesobis aRsaydrebidan 30 wlisTavi… Tqven iseT mdgomareobas
gauZeliT, rom CvenTvis, visac is uSualod ar gangvicdia, misi aRqmac ki ar
ZalgviZs, magram, amave dros, Tqven gadmogecaT samwyso, mowyurebuli RvTisa
da Rvaebriv siyvaruls, da, miuxedavad imisa, rom xalxs metad uWirda, Tqven
didi gamocdileba da Tavganwirvis grZnoba SegZinaT… moxarulni varT,
aRorZinebis suls rom vgrZnobT. es aris suli nugeSinismcemeli uflisa
Cvenisa, romelic msWvalavs mociqulTa ofliT gaJRenTil da mowameTa sisxliT
ganbanil am qveyanas. eklesiis es aRorZineba, misi winsvla ar moxdeboda, Tuki
1977 wels sapatriarqo taxtze esoden Rirseuli pirovneba ar asuliyo, ar
iqneboda winsvla, Tuki qveyanas ar eyoleboda esoden zneobrivi, mSromeli,
SorsmWvreteli, sibrZniTa da moTminebiT mmarTveli patriarqi, romelic
Tavis xalxs meore sulieri dabadebiT marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wiaRSi da
mis ZiebaSi daabrunebda~.
13 oqtombers Tbilisis yovladwmida samebis saxelobis sapatriarqo
taZarSi msoflio patriarqma barTolomeos I-ma marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa
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mier warmogzavnil mRvdelmTavrebTan, kaTolikos-patriarq ilia II-sa da
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis wevrebTan erTad sazeimo
locva aRavlina. Uukrainis delegaciam waikiTxa ukrainis prezidentis,
viqtor iuSCenkos, misalmeba da gadawyvetileba, misi uwmidesobis ilia II-is
ukrainis saxelmwifos umaRlesi jildoTi _ Tavad miroslav brZenis ordeniT
dajildoebis Sesaxeb.
14 oqtombers sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZari, misi Semogareni xalxs
ver itevda. taZarSi mobrZandnen: uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi ilia II, msoflio
patriarqi yovladuwmidesi barTolomeos I, marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa
delegaciebi, saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodis wevrebi, samRvdeloeba,
qarTuli inteligenciis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi. sveticxovlis
sapatriarqo taZarSi saqarTvelos patriarqis aRsaydrebis 30 wlisTavis
misalocad mobrZandnen saqarTvelos mTavrobis warmomadgenlebi. uwmidesi
da unetaresi ilia II miesalma stumrebs, madloba moaxsena CamobrZanebisaTvis
da aRniSna: `es 30 weli, romelic saqarTvelom ganvlo, metad mniSvnelovania
Cveni qveynisaTvis. saqarTvelos eklesia mudam gzas uCvenebda qarTvel
ers. marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoeba mudam iyo da iqneba Cveni erisa da Cveni
sulierebis ganmamtkicebeli, SemaerTebeli, SemduRebeli. Cven yvelafers
viRonebT imisaTvis, rom es erToba ar iyos darRveuli. am 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi
bevri ram gakeTda, magram me ar SemiZlia vTqva, rom es Cemi gakeTebulia.
maxsendeba sityvebi wmidisa mefisa daviT winaswarmetyvelisa: `ufali mefobs~.
rodesac mefe daviTs xalxi aqebda da ambobda, rom man gaamTliana israeli,
mefem gaaCuma isini da uTxra: `ufali mefobs~. ufali mefobs, ufali qmnis,
ufali amTlianebs, xolo boroti Zala anawevrebs~.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis
saxeliT saqarTvelos patriarqs miesalma mitropoliti anania (jafariZe),
romelmac aRniSna: `mravali Cvengani mowmea imisa, rom misma uwmidesobam am
30 wlis win Caibara ucxo qveynis mpyrobelobis Sedegad damcrobili eklesia,
materialurad univTo, naklovani da qancmileuli, aTeist mmarTvelTa
mZlavrobiT daSinebuli sul ramdenime aTeuli samRvdelo piriT. da ai,
gavida 30 weli da Cven vxedavT, Tu ra warmatebiT Seegeba Cveni eklesia axal
aTaswleuls… Tqveni yoveldRiuri saqmiTa da sityviT iyaviT da xarT WeSmariti
moZRvari da maswavlebeli, wmida etaloni ara mxolod sulier-eklesiurisa,
aramed _ yofiTisa, eTikisa Tu esTetikisa. Yyvela Cvenganma yvelaferi Tqvengan
Seiswavla, ufro sworad Tu vityviT, unda Seiswavlos, radgan Tqven ukvdavi
saRmrTo magaliTi brZandebiT wyalobisa da qvelis saqmisa, locvisa da marxvisa.
rogorc ityvian, vin aRricxavs Tqvens saxierebas zecaTa mamis garda? 30 wlis
winandel qaotur sasuliero dasSi dainerga wesiereba da kanoni da Tqveni
167
moridebiT da krZalviT veravin ikadrebs uweso svlas. patiosneba da Rirseba
Tavis adgils imkvidrebs. monastrebi, saepiskoposoebi da eklesiebi wesiTa da
rigiT aRasruleben saRmrTo msaxurebas~.
15 oqtombers zaqaria faliaSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis operisa da baletis
saxelmwifo akademiur TeatrSi gaimarTa uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is aRsaydrebidan 30 wlisTavisadmi
miZRvnili saiubileo saRamo, romelsac eswrebodnen: sazRvargareTis
marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa delegaciebi, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis
wmida sinodis mRvdelmTavrebi, samRvdeloeba, saqarTvelos mTavrobisa da
parlamentis wevrebi, qarTuli inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi. uwmidessa da
unetaress saiubileo TariRebi miuloces: msoflio patriarqma barTolomeos
I-ma, rumineTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis warmomadgenelma, mitropolitma
iosebma, antioqiis eklesiis warmomadgenelma, episkoposma nifonma, romelmac
antioqiis patriarqis saxeliT uwmides da unetares ilia II-s Tval-margalitiT
Semkuli oqros panaRia miarTva.amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis elCma
saqarTveloSi, b-ma jon teftma waikiTxa amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
prezidentis jorj buSis milocvis teqsti kaTolikos-patriarq ilia II-
sadmi: `Tqveno uwmidesobav, amerikeli xalxis saxeliT, guliTadad gilocavT
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis patriarqad aRsaydrebis 30 wlisTavs.
Tqveni xelmZRvanelobiT eklesia gaZlierda. vici, raoden gafasebT qarTveli
xalxi Tqven da yvela Tqvens miRwevas. gisurvebT saukeTeso janmrTelobas da
Semdgom warmatebebs~.
msoflio patriarqma barTolomeos I-ma gakvirveba da aRtaceba ver damala
im saerTo erovnuli zeimis masStabebisa da misi uwmidesobis mimarT qarTveli
xalxis gansakuTrebuli damokidebulebis gamo da aRniSna: ̀ vxarobT gamouTqmeli
da keTili sixaruliT, rameTu axlodan davinaxeT madli uflisa, gardamosuli
msxmoiare venaxsa zeda saqarTvelos eklesiisa… vxarobT uTvalavi didebuli
taZris mSeneblobis xilviT, patiosani monastrebidan gamomavali asketuri
cxovrebis Zlieri majiscemiT, vxarobT yovelive imiT, rasac TvaliT vxedavT,
gonebiT vwvdebiT da yuriT vismenT. mTeli guliT gisurvebT, rom ufalma
RmerTma samaradisod dagicvaT marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wiaRSi, raTa ar
dainTqaT amqveyniuri cxovrebis boboqari da Semmusvreli zRvis talRebSi~.
kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is aRsaydrebidan 30 wlisTavisadmi
miZRvnilma saiubileo dReebma kidev ufro TvalsaCino gaxada misi Rvawli
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis, qarTveli eris winaSe.
QqarTvelma xalxma Tavisi sulieri winamZRolis mimarT kidev erTxel gamoxata
udidesi pativiscema da siyvaruli.
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* * *
kaTolikos-patriarqi RvTisgan dajildoebulia mravalmxrivi Semo-
qmedebiTi niWiT. misi xelnawerebi qarTuli kaligrafiis saukeTeso nimuSia.
Ggasaocaria, Tu rogor SeZlo uwmidesma da unetaresma patriarqma aseTi
daxvewili, lamazi kaligrafiis SenarCuneba, patriarqi grZnobs unikaluri
qarTuli anbanis TiToeuli aso-niSnis sidiades da mas Tavisi xelweriT kidev
ufro amaRlebulad warmoaCens.
patriarqis mxatvrobiT gatacebis Sesaxeb Zalian cotam icoda. pirvelad
sazogadoebam amis Sesaxeb didubis RvTismSoblis eklesiis moxatvis dros,
1978-1979 wlebSi Seityo. didubis eklesiis moxatvaze muSaobda cnobili
mxatvari aleqsandre (Sura) banZelaZe. morwmuneni xedavdnen, rom uwmidesi da
unetaresi TiTqmis yoveldRe modioda taZarSi. didubis eklesiaSi, istoriuli
gadmocemebis Tanaxmad, jvari dauweria wmida mefe Tamars. uwmidesma da
unetaresma didubis eklesiis kedelze Tamar mefis xati Seqmna. wmida mefe
Tamaris oTx freskas, eklesiis kedelze gamosaxuls, miemata mexuTe _ ilia II-is
mier Sesrulebuli.
saqarTvelos Zvel sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi uwmidesma da unetaresma
dawera wmida didmowame giorgis xati, romelic erT-erTi gamorCeulia
uwmidesisa da unetaresis SemoqmedebaSi. wmida mefe vaxtang gorgaslis portreti
ierusalimis erT-erT qarTul monasterSi yofila, romelic, samwuxarod,
droTa viTarebaSi daikarga. uwmidesma da unetaresma Seqmna wmida mefe vaxtang
gorgaslis xati, romelic xelovnebis, xatweris brwyinvale nimuSia. axovan mefes
erT xelSi droSa uWiravs, meoreSi _ etrati. am STambeWdav portretis cqerisas
Cvens Tvalwin cocxldeba samSoblos Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisaTvis
mebrZoli didi mefis Seudrekeli xasiaTi da qristianuli sarwmunoebisaTvis
Tavdadeba. uwmidesisa da unetaresis mier aris Sesrulebuli yovladwmida
samebis xati, romelzec amotvifrulia patriarqis mier Seqmnili locva:
`samebao dausabamoo, mamao, Zeo da sulo wmidao, dideba Senda! yovladwmidao
samebao, Semoqmedo caTa da qveynisao, simarTliTa da mowyalebiTa ganmgebelo
yovelTa dabadebulTao, madloba Senda! Sen gigalobT, Sen gakurTxebT da
maradis Tayvans gcemT Sen, samwmidao, erTarsebao, mamao, Zeo da sulo wmidao,
ufalo uflebaTao, RmerTo ZalTao, da gevedrebiT Sen, siyvarulo da sasoebao
Cveno, gardamoixile zeciT da ixile, da moxede venaxsa amas, da daamtkice ese,
romel daasxa marjvenaman Senman, amin~.
saqarTvelo aris yovladwmida RvTismSoblis wilxvedri qveyana. deda
RvTisa mfarvelobs da icavs Cvens xalxs. yovladwmida RvTismSoblis saxelobis
mravali eklesia-monasteria saqarTveloSi, Cvenma winaprebma yovladwmida
RvTismSoblis araerTi xati Seqmnes. `Sen xar venaxic~ xom yovladwmida
169
RvTismSoblis sadidebeli himnia. uwmidesisa da unetaresis SemoqmedebaSi
yovladwmida RvTismSoblis xati erT-erTi gamorCeulia. patriarqma sagangebod
Seqmna yovladwmida RvTismSoblis locva: `dedao RvTisav, gardamoixile
Cvenze da gvacxovne Cven! yovladwmidao RvTismSobelo, patrono iveriisao,
brwyinvale varskvlavo ciskrisao, mzeo qveynisao, aRmatebulo angelozTao,
Semweo yovelTa davrdomilTa da SeWirvebulTao, mamisgan uflis dedad
gamorCeulo da mfarvelo orTav soflisao, mowyale TvaliT gardamoixile
Sens wilxvedr qveyanas _ saqarTvelos da uricxvTa codvaTa CvenTa Sendobai
SesTxove yovladwmidasa samebasa _ mamasa, Zesa da sulsa wmidasa. wyalobiTa
SeniTa kvalad aRgvadgine, mSierni daapure, SiSvelni Semose, sapyrobilesa
Sina myofni ganaTavisufle da simarTlis gzaze daayene, uZlurni gankurnen,
mtiralT nugeSiec, WabukTa da yrmaTa simxne miec da sulierad aRamaRle,
asakovanni sibrZniT aRavse da maTi STamomavalni keTildReobiT gaaxare.
dedao mowyaleo, mogvec simtkice WeSmariti rwmenisa, sasoeba, SiSi RvTisa
da Seuorgulebeli siyvaruli eklesiisa da moyvasisa, erTguleba mamulisa da
qarTuli enisa; mogvmadle guli wmida da suli wrfeli, goneba maxvili da
Rrma, sxeuli jansaRi da uvnebeli; ganamtkice ojaxebi qarTvelTa da akurTxe
igini SvilTa simravliTa, aRavse beRelni Cvenni puriTa da venaxebi Cvenni _
yurZniTa, ganamravle mosavali miwisa da monagebi pirutyvTa.
RvTismSobelo dedao, SecTomilni Zeni da asulni iveriisani WeSmaritebis
gzaze daayene, ucxoeTSi myofni qarTvelni samSobloSi mSvidobiT daabrune,
mtradmosulni ucxo tomni Cvens uvneblad Tvisav qveyanasa Sina ganawese, xolo
Cven, mkvidrTa saqarTveloisaTa, mogvec Zali urTierTTanadgomisa, raTa
mwuxareTa Tana vtirodeT da SeveweodeT maT, xolo mxiarulTa Tana vixarodeT.
dedao mariam, eri qarTvelTa, mTavroba da eklesia Cveni sulierad
Sekar da aRdgenilsa mamulsa Sina Cvensa erT ganuyofel samwysod RvTisad
daadgine; taZrad Senda hyav saqarTvelo da xilul da uxilav mterTagan
keTilsurnel iaTa maxviliTave marad daicev. mermeca gevedrebi, raTa Seewio
marTlmadideblobiT aRsrulebulTa CvenTa axlobelTa da winaparTa da sulni
maTni Senis meoxebiT savanesa marTalsa daawese. ganuzomelia wyaloba Seni
Cven zeda, RvTismSobelo dedao, didebasa da madlobas gwiravT Sen, meoxo
Cveno, Sens ferxTa qveS ganvafenT gulTa CvenTa da kandlad aRginTebT
locvasa Cvensa, zecisa sasufevlidan vidre saqarTvelomde, viTarca fiandazsa
dagifenT siyvarulsa Cvensa da mTelisa qveynis yvavilebiT ganvamSvenebT mas.
muxlmodrekiT SegTxovT, ar gangvSorde arca Jamsa mas meored mosvlisa Zisa
Senisasa da sruliad saqarTvelo uflisa Cvenisa ieso qristes marjveniT
daadgine, raTa SenTana vixarebdeT da vadidebdeT dambadebelsa Cvensa, yovelTa
Semwynarebelsa da siyvarulsa dausrulebelsa, mamasa, Zesa da wmidasa sulsa aw
da maradis da ukuniTi ukunisamde amin~.
170
Tavad didi Teologi unda iyo, rom srulad Seafaso uwmidesisa da
unetaresis mier Seqmnili locvebi... daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikoss erTxel
aRmoxda _ homerosis ena unda gqondes, rom am didi mefis `didni saqmeni~
srulyofilad aRweroo. albaT msgavsi gancda daeufleba nebismier adamians,
vinc moindomebs srulyofilad warmoaCinos sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposisa da biWvinTisa da cxum-
afxazeTis mitropolitis cxovreba da moRvaweoba.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis mier didi siyvaruliTaa dawerili wmida
mefeebis _ daviT winaswarmetyvelisa da solomonis _ xatebi. misi uwmidesobis
SemoqmedebaSi didi adgili ukavia saxelovan winaprebs. Siola RuduSaurs
miuZRvna man rogorc skulpturuli namuSevari, aseve ferweruli tiloc.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis mSoblebis _ natalia kobaiZisa da giorgi SiolaSvilis
_ portretebidan Semogvcqerian Rrmad morwmune, qristiani adamianebi.
XX saukuneSi araerTi gamoCenili mxatvari moRvaweobda saqarTveloSi,
magram kanonikuri xatweris didi tradicia TiTqmis daviwyebuli iyo. uwmidesi
da unetaresi ilia II XX saukuneSi qarTuli kanonikuri xatweris fuZemdebelia.
mas surda, rom saqarTveloSi kvlav aRorZinebuliyo tixruli minanqris,
Weduri xelovnebis istoriuli tradicia. erTi SexedviT, es ganuxorcielebel
keTil survilad Canda, magram, Tu dRes am mxriv warmatebas mivaRwieT, es misi
damsaxurebaa. fokis dedaTa monastris tixruli minanqris skoliT, dedaTa
mier Sesrulebuli namuSevrebiT nebismieri eri iamayebs.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma samociqulo eklesiam XIX-XX saukuneebSi
urTulesi periodebi gaiara. avtokefaliis gauqmebisa da egzarqosobis
xanaSi qarTuli wirva-locva, galoba rusulma Secvala. erTeuli adamianebis
Tavganwirvis wyalobiT gadarCa qarTuli sagaloblebis notebi, magram
musikaTmcodneebi maT, rogorc istoriuls, ise aRiqvamdnen da fiqradac
aravis mosdioda, rom es unikaluri qarTuli sagaloblebi kvlav gamoeyenebina.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II patriarqad aRsaydrebis pirveli dReebidanve
Seudga qarTul saeklesio sagaloblebze zrunvas. am saqmeSi mas daexmara
didi musikaluri niWi da gataceba. uwmidesi da unetaresi aRniSnavs: `musika
bavSvobidanve miyvarda, rogorc ambobdnen, saukeTeso smena mqonda. ra Tqma
unda, yvelaze saamo CemTvis qarTuli sagaloblebis mosmenaa. amasTanave,
saaTobiT SemiZlia vijde da vusmino klasikur musikas. gamorCeulad miyvars
mocarti, faliaSvili. RmerTma yvela ers misca siyvarulis madli, maT Soris
_ Cvenc, qarTvelebs, romelic, pirvel rigSi, Cvens uZveles xalxur simRerasa
da saeklesio galobaSi Cans. qarTuli galoba aris siyvaruli uflisadmi,
xolo qarTuli simRera _ siyvaruli moyvasisadmi, musikaSi aJRerebuli da
gadmocemuli~.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT, Zveli qarTuli sagaloblebis
171
Sesruleba daiwyo jer sionis, Semdeg _ anCisxatis taZrebSi. amJamad saqarTvelos
yvela eklesia-monasterSi RvTismsaxureba Zveli qarTuli sagaloblebiT
sruldeba. uwmidessa da unetaress ekuTvnis brwyinvale sagaloblebi:
`gixaroden, friad mSveniero~, `modi CemTan, ufalo~, `ufalo ieso qriste~,
`wmidao RmerTo~, `mamao Cveno~, `mrwamsi~, `diptiqi~, `micvalebulTa kvereqsi~,
`Cemi vedreba~, `ave maria~, `sanqtusi~.
2007 wlis 4 marts misi uwmidesobisa da unetaresobis moskovSi oficialuri
vizitis dros macxovris sakaTedro taZarSi samebis sakaTedro taZris
mgalobelTa gundma Seasrula `kirieeleison~. ruseTis patriarqma uwmidesma
aleqsi II-m sTxova patriarqs, iqneb am uZvelesi da ulamazesi sagaloblis
notebi gadmogvceTo. raoden didi iyo misi gaoceba, rodesac Seityo, rom am
sagaloblis avtori ilia II-a.
qarTuli mravalxmiani sagaloblebis dacvasa da ganviTarebas emsaxureba
patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT samebis sakaTedro taZarTan Seqmnili qarTuli
sagaloblebis umaRlesi skola, romelic niWier axalgazrdebs saSualebas
aZlevs, Rrmad daeuflon qarTul galobas.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis Semoqmedebis Seswavla momavalSi specialistebis
saqmea, magram ar SeiZleba ramdenime sityviT ar aRvniSnoT misi saocrad
harmoniuli damokidebuleba bunebasTan. patriarqs uyvars bunebis Svilebi _
cxovelebi, frinvelebi... gansakuTrebiT gatacebulia mcenareebiT. igi yvelas
arigebs, rom unda SeeZloT bunebis silamazis aRqma da misiT tkboba. uwmidess
uyvars bunebasTan ganmartoeba, radgan Rrmad swams, rom ̀ zogjer ganmartoebiTac
unda davtkbeT, raTa yuradReba Sinagan cxovrebaze gadavitanoT da umaRlesi
realobis arseboba vigrZnoT. swored sakuTar TavTan ganmartoebisasaa
SesaZlebeli urTierTobis damyareba RmerTTan, swored amgvari martoobisas
ibadeba didi ideebi~.
patriarqis saxiT saqme gvaqvs universalur pirovnebasTan.
172
* * *
saukuneTa manZilze qarTveli xalxis erTiani erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi
da sulieri cnobiereba iyo is Zala, romelic gansazRvravda Cvens pirovnulobas,
samSoblosadmi Tavdadebasa da siyvaruls. `samSoblo _ esaa ena qarTuli, esaa
suli Cveni didebuli winaprebisa, aTasobiT wmida mowamisa, mefeTa, kaTolikos-
patriarqTa, RirsTa da RmerTSemosilTa mamaTa da dedaTa; esaa Cveni uTvalavi
taZari da monasteri, Cveni siwmideni, xelovneba, arqiteqtura, mwerloba,
esaa Cveni xasiaTi da azrovnebis wesi, esaa Cveni warsuli, awmyo da momavali.
samSoblo Cveni didi imedia. misadmi grZnoba iseve amaRlebuli da saTuTia,
rogorc siyvaruli RvTisadmi~. _ brZanebs uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II.
magram misTvis ucxoa saqarTvelos warsulisadmi advokatur-gamosarClebiTi
midgoma, vinaidan kargad icis, rom, Tu eri marto warsuliT cxovrobs, mas
awmyo da momavali ar aqvs; amitom igi afrTxilebs Tavis samwysos: `saerTod,
Zvel kulturul qveynebs, erebsa da xalxebs warsuliT siamaye axasiaTebT.
gamonaklisi arc Cven varT. Zalian xSirad vlaparakobT imis Taobaze, Tu ra
gaakeTes Cvenma winaprebma da es gvaxarebs. ra Tqma unda, es siamaye samarTliania,
magram, upirveles yovlisa, imaze unda vifiqroT, ras vakeTebT, an Cveni momavali
Taoba ras gaakeTebs~.
rogorc XIX saukuneSi ilia WavWavaZes ainteresebda, ra iyo is Zala, ramac
uricxvi mtrebiT garSemortymul erT muWa qarTvelobas SeaZlebina, XIX saukunemde
moeRwia, maSin, rodesac didi qveynebi _ urartu, asureTi, babiloni, egvipte da
sxva imperiebi _ gaqrnen istoriis asparezidan, ilia II-c daaxloebiT amgvarad
svams kiTxvas da TviTonve argumentirebulad pasuxobs: `Cven xSirad vusvamT
sakuTar Tavs kiTxvas, rogor SeZlo qarTvelma erma, romelsac gamudmebuli
brZola uxdeboda Tavis dasacavad, amgvari didebuli kultura Seeqmna? rodis
moicala jvrisa da sveticxovlis, sionisa da gelaTis aSenebisaTvis? rodis
monaxa dro, Seeqmna iseTi xatebi, rogoricaa xaxulis RvTismSobeli, an iseTi
mxatvroba, rogoric atenis, yinwvisis Tu ubisis taZrebs amSvenebs? rodis Seqmna
aseTi mdidari da mravalferovani mwerloba? yvelaferi es iyo RvTis wyalobisa
da qarTveli kacis SemoqmedebiTi geniis Sedegi~.
uwmidesi da unetaresi gansakuTrebuli mokrZalebiTa da mowiwebiT
moixseniebs wmida mefe mirianis, wmida mefe vaxtang gorgaslis, wmida mefe daviT
aRmaSenebelis, wmida Tamaris Rvawls. daviT aRmaSenebels qristes mxedars
uwodebs, romelmac `Tavisi cxovrebiT, Tavisi moRvaweobiT srulyofis kibis
maRal safexurs miaRwia. man icoda, rom adamiani gulsavse mxolod im SemTxvevaSi
SeiZleba iyos, Tu misi guli gaxdeba taZari RvTisa, taZari sulisa wmidisa, rac
mxolod maSinaa SesaZlebeli, Tu pirovneba igrZnobs, rom miuaxlovda RmerTs~.
uwmidessa da unetaress daviT aRmaSeneblis saxeli marto warsulis
173
gaxsenebisaTvis ki ar sWirdeba, aramed _ awmyosa da momavlisaTvis. patriarqi
Tvlis, rom `yoveli eri, misi bunebidan gamomdinare, erTi garkveuli ideis
ganxorcielebas emsaxureba... qarTuli idea istoriis manZilze da momavalSic
siyvarulis samsaxuria... swored siyvarulis samsaxurma gadaarCina Cveni eri
da qveyana... mivmarTav Cvens xelisuflebas, mTavrobas, parlaments, yvela
politikur moRvawes, rac unda gansxvavebuli azrisa da Sexedulebebisa iyoT,
RvTisa da samSoblos siyvarulis gamo, amoudeqiT erTmaneTs mxarSi~.
saqarTvelom 1977 wlidan dRemde mravali gansacdeli gadaitana.
1978 wlis 14 aprils qarTuli enis dasacavad pirveli arasanqcirebuli
demonstracia gaimarTa rusTavelis gamzirze. 1980-iani wlebidan rusifikaciis
winaaRmdeg brZola erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebel brZolaSi gadaizarda.
demonstraciebi, saprotesto aqciebi Cveulebriv movlenad iqca. Tu manamde
sazogadoeba politikuri sakiTxebis mimarT indeferentuli iyo, axla
ukve politizebuli gaxda. erovnuli da politikuri lozungebi erTmaneTs
enacvleboda, mravalricxovani politikuri partiebis programebSi lamazi
ferebiT iyo daxatuli saqarTvelos momavali, magram realuri cxovreba ufro
mkacri da mZime aRmoCnda. 9 aprili, samoqalaqo dapirispireba, inspirirebuli
eTnokonfliqtebi da saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis darRveva
_ yovelive aman sazogadoebaSi erovnuli SesaZleblobebisadmi erTgvari
nihilizmi da momavlisadmi pesimisturi ganwyobileba gamoiwvia.
kaTolkos-patriarqi qarTvel ers moTminebisa da ganvlili cxovrebis
gonebis TvaliT Sefasebisaken mouwodebs. `yvela gonier adamians aRelvebs da
ainteresebs ara marto sakuTari bed-iRbali, aramed Tavisi xalxis da, saerTod,
mTeli msoflios awmyo da momavali, _ aRniSnavs uwmidesi da unetaresi, _
rodesac uyureb mimdinare procesebs, zogjer gulgatexiloba geufleba,
geCveneba, TiTqos kacobrioba sadRac uZiro ufskrulisaken mieqaneba da aRar
arsebobs Zala, romelic moaxloebul tragedias SeaCerebs, magram es ase ar aris.
yovelTvis unda gvaxsovdes, rom is, rac kacTaTvis SeuZlebelia, RvTisaTvis
aris SesaZlebeli. oRond mTavaria, swor gzaze vidgeT da sworad vicxovroT~.
uwmidesi da unetaresi amxnevebs Tavis samwysos da axsenebs mas, rom
adamiani RvTis xatad aris Seqmnili da Seswevs unari, daaRwios Tavi sibnelis
wyvdiads da aRadginos gawyvetili kavSiri RmerTTan.
rodesac ecnobi patriarqis mosazrebebs Tanamedrove msoflioSi
mimdinare procesebze, xvdebi, rom misi azrovneba dros yovelTvis uswrebs,
igi kargad icnobs XX saukunis bolosa da XXI saukunis dasawyisis kacobriobis
globalur problemebs. uwmidesis marTebuli SefasebiT, `samwuxarod,
mecnierul-teqnikur ganviTarebasTan erTad xdeba adamianis individualuri
saxis dakargva, ufasurdeba sicocxle, iqmneba iseTi meqanizmebi, romlebic
TiTqos aRar emorCileba adamianis kontrols da, faqtobrivad, misTvis mtrul
174
Zalad SeiZleba iqces. yovelive amis paralelurad kacobrioba ayalibebs
erTian kontrolirebad sistemas, romelsac aucileblad sWirdeba WeSmariti
sarwmunoebiT aRvsili, siyvaruliT, nebisyofiTa da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT
dajildoebuli adamianebi, razec naklebad fiqroben~.
uwmidesi da unetaresi gulistkivils gamoTqvams Tanamedrove yofis
realobaze _ Rirseba daikarga, guli gaqvavda, sicocxle gaufasurda. axalgazrda
qarTuli saxelmwifo eZiebs Tavis adgils Tanamedrove msoflioSi. patriarqi
gvafrTxilebs, rom warsulisa da awmyos gaTvaliswinebiT saqarTvelom momavalze
swori arCevani unda gaakeTos. `saqarTvelo aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis,
CrdiloeTisa da samxreTis gzajvaredinze mdebareobs da, bunebrivia, ganicdis
mis gavlenas; magram Cveni Rirseba swored is iqneba, Tu WeSmarit rwmenasa da
erovnul Rirebulebebs SevinarCunebT, sxvaTa gamocdilebas gaviTvaliswinebT
da am yovelives drois moTxovnilebebs SevusabamebT~.
uwmidesi da unetaresi mogviwodebs, rom WeSmarit Tavisuflebaze ver
vilaparakebT iq, sadac zneobriv cxovrebaze amboben uars.
kaTolikos-patriarqi jer kidev XX saukunis 80-ian wlebSi fiqrobda, ra
unda moemoqmeda, rom qarTveli xalxi Rirseulad Sexvedroda qristeSobis 2000
wlisTavs. igi xvdeboda mecnierebs, kulturis warmomadgenlebs, sasuliero
pirebs, ainteresebda, ras SesTavazebdnen isini. didi fiqrisa da gansjis Semdeg
uwmidesma da unetaresma gadawyveta TbilisSi yovladwmida samebis saxelobis
sapatriarqo taZris aSenebis Sesaxeb. daiwyo adgilis Zebna. gamoiTqva mosazreba,
taZari vakeSi, yofili studqalaqis teritoriaze aSenebuliyo, magram misma
patriarqma daarwmuna yvela, rom sakaTedro taZris aSeneba avlabarSi, wmida
elias mTaze yvelaze marTebuli iqneboda.
1988 wlis 5 Tebervals Seiqmna sakonkurso komisia uwmidesisa da
unetaresis ilia II-is TavmjdomareobiT, xolo konkursi momavali taZris
proeqtze 1989 wels gamocxadda. sazogadoebis cxoveli interesi gamoiwvia
sakonkursod warmodgenilma proeqtebma. rogorc patriarqi aRniSnavda,
konkursze warmodgenili proeqtebi Cveni sazogadoebis mrwamsis, azrovnebisa
da kulturis gamoxatuleba iyo. konkursze gamarjvebulad gamoacxades
arqiteqtor arCil mindiaSvilis mier Sesrulebuli proeqti. 1997 wlis 9 marts
uwmidesma da unetaresma saqarTvelos mosaxleobas mimarTa: `qristes mier
sayvarelo Cveno suliero Svilebo! rogorc TqvenTvis cnobilia, TbilisSi,
macxovris Sobis 2000 da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
avtokefaliis 1500 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT, Sendeba wmida samebis sakaTedro
taZari, romelic aRimarTeba sadideblad RvTisa da Cveni eris sulieri
gaZlierebisa da ganmTlianebisaTvis. taZris mSeneblobaSi monawileoba unda
miiRos sruliad saqarTvelom, yovelma qarTvelma, saqarTveloSi mcxovrebma
yvela eris warmomadgenelma~.
175
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-isa da saqarTvelos prezident e.
SevardnaZis erToblivi gadawyvetilebiT, samebis sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobis
fondis Tavmjdomared dainiSna b-ni irakli andriaZe. gansakuTrebul sazeimo
viTarebaSi aTasobiT morwmunis, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis saWeTmpyroblis, wmida sinodis, samRvdeloebis, saqarTvelos
prezidentis, parlamentis Tavmjdomaris, mecnierebis, kulturis moRvaweebis
TandaswrebiT, sazeimod akurTxes is adgili, sadac taZris saZirkveli unda
gaeWraT. kurTxevis Semdeg gaiWra saZirkvlis adgili, sadac uwmidesisa da
unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT Caawyves Semdegi siwmideni: `qva sinas mTidan,
sadac ufalma mose winaswarmetyvels gadasca aTi mcneba; qva iordanedan,
sadac naTel iRo ufalma; qva nazareTidan, sadac exara deda RvTismSobels
macxovris Soba; qva ierusalimidan, sadac dakrZaluli iyo RvTismSobeli;
miwa ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastridan, aWaridan, goniodan, saidanac
Semovida mociquli andria; qva faravnis tbidan, saidanac SemobrZanda wmida nino;
siwmideebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan, eklesia-monastrebidan~. rogorc
patriarqma ganacxada: `wmida samebis sakaTedro taZris mSenebloba udidesi
mniSvnelobis movlenaa. taZari saqarTveloSi mudam iyo Cveni sulieri da
fizikuri simtkicis gamomxatveli. igi umsubuqebda mZime jvris mtvirTvelobas
qarTvel ers da ganamtkicebda masSi momavlis rwmenas~.
saqarTveloSi im droisTvis arsebul rTul politikur da ekonomikur
pirobebSi gamoCndnen adamianebi, romelnic amtkicebdnen, rom am grandiozuli
masStabis taZris aSenebisaTvis Seuferebeli dro iyo da verc moxerxdeboda
misi aSeneba. aseTi azrebi ara marto eklesiis arakeTilmosurneebs hqondaT,
aramed _ gulwrfel pativismcemlebsac. patriarqi yvelas gasagonad ambobda:
`kacobrioba imyofeba msoflioSi istoriis meore da mesame aTaswleulTa
mijnaze da amitomac qristeSobis 2000 wlisTavis, saqarTvelos ocsaukunovani
qristianobisa da samiaTaswlovani qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis umniSvnelovanesi
TariRis aRsaniSnavad ar moiZebneba ufro didi da yovlismomcveli sulieri da
kulturuli movlena, vidre epoqaluri taZris agebaa~.
taZris mSeneblobaSi Tavisi wvlili Sehqonda mTel saqarTvelos.
yvela adamiani cdilobda, guliT Seewira Tundac mciredi Tanxa. cnobilma
qarTvelma biznesmenma biZina ivaniSvilma Tavis Tavze aiRo taZris mSeneblobis
ZiriTadi dafinanseba. uwmidesi da unetaresi Tavis samuSao dRes yovladwmida
samebis saxelobis sapatriarqo taZris monaxulebiT iwyebda, xvdeboda muSebs,
mSeneblebs, aZlevda rCeva-darigebebs. mSeneblobis paralelurad mimdinareobda
ezos keTilmowyoba da sul raRac 8 weliwadSi wmida elias mTaze wamoimarTa
grandiozuli kompleqsi, romelic Tbilisis yvela kuTxidan mkafiod Cans.
2004 wlis 23 noembers, giorgobis dResaswaulze, moxda wmida samebis
sakaTedro taZris sazeimo kurTxeva. aTasobiT morwmune, saqarTvelos
176
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodi, samRdeloeba sagangebod
Seikriba yovladwmida samebis saxelobis sapatriarqo taZarSi. daiguguna wmida
samebis zarebma, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II taZarSi SebrZanda. TiTqos
mRelvarebam moicva igi, magram mainc mtkice nabijiT gaemarTa sakurTxevlisaken.
patriarqi sazeimo wirvisaTvis Seimosa, Tavze is gvirgvini daidga, romelic
Tavis droze exuraT uwmidessa da unetares kirions, leonides, ambrosis,
qristefores, kalistrates, melqisedeks, efremsa da daviTs. patriarqis
es oqros gvirgvini (mitra) xom mowme iyo XVII-XX saukuneebis saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis yvela warmatebisa da warumateblobisa.
uwmidesma da unetaresma sazeimo wirvis Semdeg sazogadoebas
mimarTa: `Tqveno aRmatebulebav, batono prezidento, yovladsamRvdelono
mRvdelmTavarno, Cveno Zvirfaso stumrebo, Zmano da dano. wmida mefe daviT
winaswarmetyveli brZanebs: `did xar Sen, ufalo, da sakvirvel arian saqmeni
Senni~. Cven varT momswreni RvTis erTi saocrebisa: SeWirvebis Jams qarTvelma
xalxma SeZlo aReSenebina didebuli taZari ese wmidisa samebisa, sadideblad
RvTisa da mosaqcevad erisa Cvenisa; magram, mowyale RmerTo, Cven viyaviT
oden mdabalni muSakni Senni. es Sen mogvec gulisxmisyofa da Zala, raTa Sens
sadideblad da Cvenda nugeSad mogverTmia es Sesawiri. aq daiRvreba mravali
cremli sinanulisa da ganeldebian gulni Cvenni codvaTagan momymarni,
ganiwmideba suli Cveni da aRdgeba saqarTveloc mkvdreTiT, viTarca lazare.
iverielno da yovelno mkvidrno saqarTveloisa, ismineT sityvani uflisani:
`aha, esera momicemia winaSe kari ganRebuli, romlisa daxSvad vervin SemZlebel
ars~ (gam. 3,8). maS, SevideT kariTa amiT, raTa Rirs viqneT sasufevelisa. scaniT
warmarTTa da iZlieniT, rameTu CvenTan ars RmerTi.
wmidano mefeno, dedofalno, mamamTavarno da kaTolikos-patriarqno
saqarTveloisano, mRvdelmTavarno, mowameno, Rirsno mamano da dedano, ixareT
savaneTsa marTalTasa da Tqveni locviT meoxgveyaviT winaSe RvTisa, raTa
ganmtkicdes CvenSi marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba, siyvaruli da sasoeba,
raTa ufalma mogvaniWos mSvidoba, erToba, sulTa CvenTa cxovneba da didi
wyaloba.
simboluria is faqti, rom macxovris Sobis 2000 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili
da Cveni ocsaukunovani qristianuli istoriis simbolurad gamomxatveli
wmida taZris kuTxeva Sedga saqarTvelos gansakuTrebuli mfarvelis _ wmida
giorgis xsenebis dRes, Sedga im wels, roca Sesrulda 1700 weli misi wamebidan.
SevTxovT RmerTs, yovladwmida RvTismSobels, didmowame giorgis, dalocon
yoveli adamiani, romelmac miiRo monawileoba am wmida taZris mSeneblobaSi.
wmida samebam dalocos, gaaZlieros isini da maTi ojaxebi. RvTivkurTxeulno
iverno da yovelno mkvidrno saqarTveloisano, gilocavT am bednier dRes,
RmerTs ebarebodeT. ixareT orsave sofelsa Sina~.
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yovladwmida samebis saxelobis sapatriarqo taZari, uwmidesis sityviT,
`simbolurad aris gamaerTianebeli saqarTvelos, mTeli qarTveli xalxisa.
mTavari is aris, rom qarTvelma erma amiT Seqmna avtoportreti da yvelas
uCvena, Tu Sinaganad rogori Zlieri yofila. es dafaruli iyo CvenSi da
gamovlinda... am taZarma Cvens xalxs Tavisi Tavis rwmena da imedi SesZina~.
msoflios qristianul qveynebSi qristeSobis 2000 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT
araerTi taZari aSenda, magram yovladwmida samebis saxelobis taZari maT
Soris erT-erTi gamorCeulia. mis mnaxvel ucxoelebs pirvelad aseTi kiTxva
uCndebaT _ rogor SeZlo qarTvelma xalxma, misma sulierma winamZRolma,
saqarTvelos ekonomikuri SesaZleblobis pirobebSi iseTi taZris aSeneba,
romelic mravalsaukunovan qarTul tradiciebs eyrdnoba da masStabebiT
namdvilad grandiozulia.
rodesac taZari moiloca msoflio patriarqma, uwmidesma barTolomeos
I-ma, ganacxada, rom es taZari uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis moRvaweobis gvirgvinia.
yovladwmida samebis saxelobis sapatriarqo taZris sakurTxevelSi, sadac
patriarqis taxti unda iyos, wmida samebis taxtia, patriarqis savarZeli ufro
dablaa. rogorc uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II ganmartavs, ̀ aseTi taxti mxolod
sinas mTaze dgas. iq maRaldasajdomeli sakurTxevelSi aRmosavleTis mxares
aris da masze aravin jdeba, arcerTi patriarqi... aseTi tradicia, sinas mTis
garda, arsad ar aris. ase rom, sinas mTis tradicia damkvidrdeba wmida samebis
did taZarSi~.
patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT daiwyo taZris moxatva...
yovladwmida samebis saxelobis sapatriarqo taZari Cveni drois
qarTvelebis savizito baraTi iqneba momavali TaobebisaTvis.Uuwmidesi da
unetaresi erT-erT interviuSi aRniSnavs: `Zalian xSirad mekiTxebian, ra iyo
mniSvnelovani Cemi patriarqobis periodSi… Cemi patriarqobis dro iyo mziani
Rame. mziani Rame isev grZeldeba da male gaTendeba~.
kaTolikos-patriarqi erT-erT saSobao epistoleSi brZanebs: `suliereba
xalxSi Tavdapirvelad gzas ikvlevs calkeul madlmosil pirovnebaTa wyalobiT,
Semdeg ki es niWi efineba mTel ers, aRamaRlebs mas. amitomac pirovnebis roli
qveynis cxovrebaSi udidesia. arian adamianebi, RvTis niSniT gamorCeulni,
romelnic Tesen siyvaruls, saTnoebas, qmnian, aSeneben, TviTon iwvian da sxvas
gzas unaTeben~
uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi
aris is pirovneba, romelic sasuliero pirad yofnis 58 da patriarqobis
38 wlis manZilze, saqarTvelos istoriis umZimes da urTules periodSi,
WeSmaritebisaken miuZRvioda Cvens ers. TqvenSi aisaxa yvela is gansacdeli
da warmateba, romelic gadaitana Cvenma mravalWirnaxulma xalxma. Cven didi
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wyaloba mogvaniWa ufalma RmerTma, rom mogvca SesaZlebloba, misi didi
siwmidisa da siyvarulis frTebqveS Sexiznulebma gadavitanoT epoqis yvela
sirTule da imediT viyoT ganwyobili momavlisadmi.
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis,
ilia II-is aRsaydrebidan 32-e, 33-e, 34-e, wlebi sazeimo viTarebaSi aRiniSna
sruliad saqarTveloSi. gansakuTrebiT saintereso iyo patriarqis aRsaydrebis
34-e wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili dReebi sapatriarqos wm. andria pirvelwodebulis
sax. qarTul universitetsa da saqarTvelos filarmoniis did sakoncerto
darbazSi. 2012 wlis 25 dekembers samebis sakaTedro taZarSi Sesrulda sazeimo
wirva, romelsac eswrebodnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis wmida sinodis wevrebi, sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi. wirvis
dasasruls bolneli episkoposi efremi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis saxeliT miesalma uwmidessa da unetaress
ilia II-s da usurva mravalJamieri sicocxle. uwmidesma da unetaresma, sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposma,
biWvinTvisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitma ilia II am sityvebiT daiwyo
Tavisi gamosvla: `madloba ufals, im dReebisaTvis, im ganvlili wlebisaTvis,
romelic me ganvle saqarTvelos eklesiaSi. es iyo 35 weli, wlebi gansacdelisa,
sixarulisa da mwuxarebisa. Zalian xSirad me mekiTxebian, rogor SeiZleba
davaxasiaTo es 35 weli. me mas vuwode `mziani Rame~, magram uflis madli
mainc gvinaTebda. xSirad mekiTxebian _ yvelaze mniSvnelovani ra iyo? yvelaze
mniSvnelovani iyo Cveni locva, vedreba, xalxis erTsulovneba. Cven vaSenebdiT
da vaSenebT taZrebs, monastrebs. es ar aris mTavari, mTavari aris is, rom
Cven avaSeneT kibe miwidan zecisaken da qarTveli xalxi adis am kibiT. minda
gavisxeno Cemi sityva 1977 wlis 25 dekembers sveticxovelSi Tqmuli: `me Tavs
vxri uflisa da Cemi eris winaSe~;… patriarqobis 35 wlis manZilze mqonia
Secdomebic, magram RvTisa da Tqveni siyvaruli mfarvelobda me. RmerTma
mogvces Zala, rom gavagrZeloT Cveni gza sasufevlisaken~.
2012 wlis 25 dekembridan 2013 wlis 14 ianvris CaTvliT sruliad
saqarTvelom didi pativiscemiT aRniSna uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposis,
biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitis ilia II-is dabadebis 80 da
patriarqad aRsaydrebis 35 wlisTavi. samTavrobo komisias xelmZRvanelobda
parlamentis Tavmjdomare daviT usufaSvili. uwmidessa da unetaresTan
saiubileo TariRebis misalocad TbilisSi CamobrZandnen yovladuwmidesi
msoflio patriarqi barTolomeos I, aleqsandriis sapatriarqodan aqsumis
mTavarepiskoposi petre (jakumedosi), antioqiis sapatriarqodan arqadis
mitropoliti basiliosi, moskovis sapatriarqodan moskovis sapatriarqos
sagareo ganyofilebis Tavmjdomare mitropoliti ilarioni, serbeTis
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sapatriarqodan uwmidesi irineosi _ serbeTis eklesiis meTauri, saberZneTis
eklesiidan _ maraTonis episkoposi melitoni, bulgareTis eklesiidan _
patriarqis mosaydre varnis mitropoliti kirile, kviprosis eklesiidan
mitropoliti grigoriosi, albaneTis eklesiidan mitropoliti dimitriosi,
poloneTis eklesiidan _ episkoposi paisi, CexeTis eklesiidan _ CexeTisa da
slovakeTis eklesiis meTauri unetaresi qristefore, ruseTis prezidentis
specialuri warmomadgeneli mixeil Svidkoi. 11 ianvars uwmidesi da unetaresi
ilia II stumrebTan erTad daeswro saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria
pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTul universitetSi gamarTul saerTaSoriso
konferencias. sazeimo RonisZiebis daskvniTi dRe 13 ianvars wmida samebis
sakaTedro taZarSi sadResaswaulo liturgiiT daiwyo. wirvis dasrulebis
Semdeg mis uwmidesobas sityviT mimarTa yovladuwmidesma barTolomeosma:
`Tqveno uwmidesobav, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqo
da mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposo, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis
mitropolito, meufe ilia,
marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis saWeTmpyrobelno,
maRalyovladusamRvdeloeso da yovladusamRvdeloeso meufeno,
xelisuflebis warmomadgenelno,
mamano, Zmano da dano, suliero Svilebo!
dideba mamasa da Zesa da wmidasa sulsa dRes aRvlenili saRmrTo
liturgiisTvis da ziarebisTvis patiosanTa sisxlTa da xorcTa uflisa
Cvenisa ieso qristesi yovladwmida samebis am taZarSi! `es aris madli, sulis
macxovnebeli, romelic dagvicavs RvTis samarTlian samsjavroze~ _ ambobda
wmida mama Teodore studieli. yovel wirvaze vmonawileobT wmida ziarebis
saidumloSi; igi gvaerTebs Cvens jvarcmul da aRdgomil ufalTan ieso
qristesTan, romelic gankacda da jvars ecva CvenTvis, Cvenisa cxonebisaTvis!
Zmano da suliero Svilno, aq Camosvlisas araviTari sxva mizani ar
gvamoZravebda, garda erTi survilisa, rom dRes TqvenTan erTad vyofiliyaviT
da gagveziarebina saqarTvelos eklesiis sixaruli, rom gagveziarebina piradad
Tqveni sulieri zeimi, Tqveno uwmidesobav da unetaresobav, sayvarelo
qristesmiero Zmao, saqarTvelos patriarqo, meufe ilia! gvsurda, TqvenTan
erTad gvezeima saqarTvelos eklesiis sapatriarqo taxtze Tqveni aRsaydrebis
35 wlisTavi, romelsac Tqveni dabadebis 80 wlisTavic daemTxva. es sixaruli
aseve msoflio marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sixaruli da dResaswaulicaa, radgan
`Tu evnebian erTsa asosa, mis Tana elmin yovelTa asoTa da Tu ididebin erTi
asoi, mis Tana ixarebden yovelni asoni!~
CamovediT, raTa TqvenTan erTad pativi mivagoT saqarTvelosTvis,
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisTvis, qarTveli samRvdeloebisa da
erisTvis am mniSvnelovan da istoriul movlenas da dRes, yvelani erTad _
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sasuliero pirebi, politikosebi, ubralo morwmune eri, vufasebT meufe ilias
im did Rvawls, romelic Tavisi marTali gonebiTa da marTali sityvis ZaliT
moimuSaka. am Zalas igi iRebs Cveni saTnomyofeli RvTisgan, uflisa Cvenisa
ieso qristesgan, Tavisi patiosani msaxurebiT RvTisa da eris winaSe. patriarqi
ilia iRwvis msgavsad im wmidanebisa, romlebic Znel da avbediT wlebSi Tavisi
TavdadebiT marTlmadidebeli eklesiisTvis misabaZ magaliTad iqcnen, radgan
qristes erTgulebi darCnen da Seiqnen WeSmariti aRmsarebelni marTlisa
sarwmunoebisa, romlebic dReniadag Tavs gansacdelSi igdebdnen da mTel Tavis
Zalisxmevasa da sicocxles ufals swiravdnen.
uwmideso da unetareso meufe, Tqven, vinc moTminebasa da gonierebas
uflisagan iRebT, SeZeliT naTlad dagenaxaT rwmenas mowyvetili adamianebis
sisuste da viTarca ieso qristes WeSmaritma mowafem, uflis sityvis qadageba
daiwyeT.
uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, Tqven aRasruleT sityvebi wminda
werilisa: `amiT gcnan yovelTa, rom Cemni mowafeni xarT, ukueTu iyuarebodiT
urTierTars~. siyvarulis magaliTs aCvenebT, siyvaruls hqadagebT da
siyvaruliT cxovrobT, locvebs aRavlenT da sibrZnes RvTisas mouxmobT,
romelic swored sibrZnesa da siyvaruls uqadagebs eklesiasa da morwmune
ers. SiSiTa RvTisaiTa Semosilma kargad iciT, rom ufali, Sobili uwinares
yovlisa Jamisa, aris mcodne adamianuri logikisa da mizezi yovlisa sikeTisa.
miuxedavad adamianuri sisustisa da warmavlobisa, yovelive rac Tqven
akeTeT, _ akeTeT rwmeniT, imediTa da moTminebiT. amitom Rrmad pativcemulo
uwmindeso da unetareso patriarqo da qristesmiero Zmao, ilia, gvagondeba
poet konstantinos kavasisis leqsi: `moRalate bolos gamoCndeba, sabolood
midielebi (mtrebi) ukuiqcevian~.
dRes Tqvens mfarvel wmindanTan erTad getyviT: `cocxalia RmerTi,
ufali ZalTai~, RmerTi israelisa da saqarTveloisa, wmindaTa wminda! xolo
sadac RmerTia, iq sasufevelia da yoveli iSvebs da xarobs. da visac RmerTi
swams da adamians RvTis siyvaruliT emsaxureba, moyvass usamarTlod arasodes
moeqceva, mas suli mamaci da RvTis moyvare aqvs!
uwmindeso da unetareso meufeo ilia, Tqven morwmune da sulieri adamiani
xarT; da RvTis samsaxuri, romelic Tqvens eklesiasa da xalxs gauwieT, sakuTari
Tavis msxverplad Sewirvis tolfasia! Tqveni Rvawli Sorsaa im didebisa da
pativisagan, rasac patriarqis tituli moicavs; Tqven SemoifargleT mxolod
locviT, marxviT, eklesiis aRorZinebiT, erSi imedis gaRvivebiT, xatweris
aRorZinebiT, saRmrTo saidumloTa aRsrulebiT, wmida ZRvnis SewirviTa da
Tqveni mravaltanjuli eris nugeSiscemiTa da tkivilis daamebiT! Tqveni
patriarqobis Jams gamravlda Tqveni sulieri Svilebis ricxvic da xarisxic,
rac Zalian gvaxarebs. kidev ufro metad vxarobT, rodesac vxedavT, rom Tqveni
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SviliSvilebi mogarTmeven Tqvenive keTili Sromis nayofs, romelsac Tqven
kvlav qristes swiravT!
eklesiisadmi Sewiruli Tqveni moRvaweobis nayofi xiluli da naTelia.
mas momavali Taobebi oqros asoebiT Caweren sisxliT morwyuli saqarTvelos
istoriis furclebze, iseve rogorc oqros asoebiT aris Cawerili Tqveni
saxeli Cvens gulebSi.
madlobas mogaxsenebT, uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, im SesaniSnavi
da uricxvi RonisZiebebisTvis, romlebsac Cveni saqarTveloSi Camosvlisas
mudam awyobT. gmadlobT im Tbili da siyvaruliT savse sityvebisaTvis,
romlebsac Cveni misamarTiT gamoTqvamT xolme da rac Cveni pirvelsaydris,
konstantinopolis eklesiis mimarT Tqveni keTilganwyobis ueWveli dasturia.
Cvens or eklesias Soris mudam keTili urTierTdamokidebuleba arsebobda da
igi dResac grZeldeba. orive eklesia amas TvalisCiniviT ufrTxildeba. amasTan,
Cvens or sapatriarqos aerTianebs wmida mociquli andria pirvelwodebuli,
romelmac qristianoba iqadaga ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed mis sazRvrebs
gareTac, kavkasiis ufro vrcel regionSi. Cveni ori eklesia aseve dafuZnebulia
im mtkice da Seumusvrel kldeze, romelic aris ufali Cveni ieso qriste. am
erTobis uryevi dadastureba iyo Cveni winamorbedi patriarqis, dimitriosis
mier saqarTvelos eklesiis uZvelesi avtokefaliisa da misi saWeTmpyroblis
sapatriarqo titulis aRiareba. es imisTvis moxda, rom saqarTvelos
amJamindelma da momavalma patriarqebma axali SemarTebiT da ganaxlebuli
energiiT iRvawon marTlmadideblobis gansamtkiceblad qveyanasa zeda!
uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, RvTis mowodeba ucvlelia saukuneebis
ganmavlobaSi. amitomaa, rom rwmenis Sesustebisa Tu meryeobis wuTebSi,
gansacdelisa da Znelbedobis Jams Tqven erTi wamiTac ar gadagixveviaT am
mowodebisgan da mTeli am 35 wlis ganmavlobaSi medgrad icavdiT uflis
sityvas!
Cven movaleni varT, rom morwmune ers mivceT mowmoba rwmenisa da
Tavdadebisa, risi magaliTic Tqven gviCveneT, uwmideso da unetareso Zmao!
Tumca jvari uflisa, romelsac Tqven am 35 wlis ganmavlobaSi tvirTulobT,
aRmoCnda tkbili, saamo, sulis ganmwmendeli da sicocxlis momniWebeli!
maS, ganvagrZoT sakuTari jvrebis tvirTva iseTive SemarTebiT, rogorc es
Cvenma didma winaprebma _ konstantinopolisa da saqarTvelos eklesiebis
wmindanebma SeZles saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi. gezis mimcemi ki unda iyos Cvenive
eklesiaSi dafuZnebuli tradiciebi, uricxvi wmindanebisa da mowameebis dasi
_ saqarTvelos ganmanaTlebeli wminda mociqulTaswori nino, wminda daviT
garejeli, wminda didmowame qeTevani da sxva uTvalavi wmindanebi, Rirsni
mamani da dedani, romlebmac Tavisi locviTa da sisxliT sikvdili dasTrgunes
da maradiulobaSi gadavidnen.
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uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, rac axla mogaxseneT, es yovelive Tqvenma
saiubileo TariRebma gagvaxsena; es sityvebi STagvagona Tqvenma xangrZlivma
da energiulma saeklesio, samwyemsmTavro, sazogadoebrivma moRvaweobam, aseve
Tqvenma swrafvam marTlmadidebelTa Soris mSvidobianobisa da erTianobisken!
Tqveno unetaresobav, Tqveni naRvawi imis dasturia, rom RmerTi mudam
TqvenTan aris. xolo Tuki Cven Soris siyvaruli da RmerTia, araferma ar unda
SegvaSinos. Zala gveZleva, rom davZlioT yovelive, Tundac is Cveni sulisa
da xorcisTvis mtkivneuli iyos. Tqven aRmoCndiT mamaci mebrZoli yvela am
sferoSi.
vaqebT, vadidebT da vmadlobT ufals yvela im wyalobisaTvis, rac Tqven
giboZaT da vevedrebiT am wminda JamiswirviT, rom janmrTeloba da dRegrZeloba
mianiWos Tqvens unetaresobas, raTa ganagrZoT Tqveni keTili da didi saqme,
amin.
mogarTmevT mcire ZRvens. es aris sanawile xati da sacecxluri~.
saqarTvelos premier-ministrma batonma biZina ivaniSvilma Semdegi
sityvebiT mimarTa uwmidessa da unetaress ilia II-s:
`Cemo sayvarelo xalxo!
Cven dRes gulwrfelad vzeimobT Cveni usayvarlesi patriarqis, uwmidesisa
da unetaresis ilia II-is dabadebidan me-80 da aRsaydrebidan 35-e wlisTavs.
uwmidesma da unetaresma udidesi roli Seasrula saqarTvelos istoriaSi.
im Jams, rodesac qristianul samyaroSi da gansakuTrebiT saqarTveloSi
aTeisturi da qristianobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli Zalebi mZlavrobdnen, misma
uwmidesobam qarTvel ers gza rom ar dabneoda, swori gezi misca. uaxloes
wlebsac Tu gavixsenebT, rodesac gaurkveveli Zalebi kvlav mZlavrobdnen Cvens
qveyanaSi da utevdnen Cvens tradiciebs, Cvenma patriarqma brZnulad mouwoda
ers, erovnuli tradiciebis gafrTxilebisa da SenarCunebisken. qristianuli
sarwmunoeba Cveni kulturis udidesi nawilia, CvenTvis qristianoba ar aris
mxolod aRmsarebloba.
Cven bednieri eri varT, rom aseTi sulieri mama gvyavs misi uwmidesobis,
Cveni sayvareli patriarqis, ilia II-is saxiT. vulocavT mas am saiubileo
TariRebs da vusurvebT mtkice janmrTelobasa da didxans sicocxles Cveni
eris sakeTildReod!
minda madloba gadavuxado mis yovladuwmidesobas, msoflio patriarqs,
romelmac pativi dagvdo da Cvens patriarqs saiubileo TariRebi miuloca.
dRes Cveni patriarqis iubiles zeimobs mTeli qarTveli eri,zeimobs mTeli
msoflios marTlmadidebeli qristianoba! dRes yvela marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis warmomadgeneli ulocavs Cvens sayvarel patriarqs dabadebidan 80 da
aRsaydrebidan 35-e wlisTavs.
minda yvela stumars didi madloba movaxseno imisaTvis, rom aseTi pativi
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dasdes Cvens qveyanas da ase daafases Cveni sayvareli patriarqi.
kidev erTxel gilocavT, Tqveno uwmidsobav da unetaresobav, dabadebidan
80 da aRsaydrebidan 35 wlisTavs! gilocavT yvelas, vulocav mTel saqarTvelos!
uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, idRegrZeleT, ixareT, ibedniereT!
mravalJamier!~
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m samadlobel sityvaSi brZana: `Tqveno
yovladuwmidesobav, konstantinopolisa da axali romis mTavarepiskoposo da
msoflio patriarqo, sruliad serbeTis patriarqo, peCis mTavarepiskoposo
da belgrad-karlovacis mitropolito irineos, yovladsamRvdelono
mRvdelmTavarno, Zmano da dano!
dRes aris xseneba wmida daviT winaswarmetyvelisa. SevTxovT mas, rom
mSvidoba, sixaruli da siyvaruli sufevdes saqarTveloSi da msoflioSi.
daviT winaswarmetyveli ambobs: `did xar Sen ufalo da sakvirvel arian
saqmeni Senni~. da dRes Cven vxedavT Cveni eklesiis aRmavlobas, Cveni eklesiis
didebas uflis ZaliTa da uflis madliT. rodesac daviT winaswarmetyvelma
israeli gaamTliana da zeimiT Sedioda ierusalimSi, mTeli eri aqebda mas.
maSin daviTma SeaCera msvleloba da uTxra xalxsa: `ufali mefobs! es me ki ar
vmefob, ufali mefobs!~ da ai, dRes, roca aRiniSneba Cemi saiubileo TariRebi
da amboben, TiTqos me raRac gavakeTe, daviT winaswarmetyvelis sityvebs
vimeoreb: `ufali mefobs da ufali akeTebs yovelives!~
madlobeli var, rom Tqven CamobrZandiT da monawileoba miiReT Cvens
zeimSi. RmerTma mogceT mSvidoba, sixaruli da siyvaruli, amin.
Tqveno yovladuwmidesobav, minda giTxraT: Cven gveamayeba, rom Tqven
brZandebiT konstantinopolis patriarqi da didia Tqveni damsaxureba qveynisa
da msoflios winaSe. niSnad Cveni pativiscemisa da siyvarulisa, mogarTmevT
daviT winaswarmetyvelis xats, romlis dResaswaulic dResaa. es aris minanqarSi
Sesrulebuli xati.
CvenTan ars RmerTi!~
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boloTqma
1977 wlis 15 noembers TbilisSi dilidan Tovda... SuadRisas mzem
gamoanaTa, magram zamTris sicive mainc igrZnoboda. sionis sapatriarqo
taZarSi xalxmravloba iyo. saqarTvelo daviT V-s emSvidobeboda _ sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs; taZarSi qarTvel samRvdeloebasTan erTad
imyofebodnen stumrebi: yovelTa somexTa patriarq-kaTolikosi vazgen I,
smolenskisa da kaliningradis mitropoliti aleqsi, bulgareTis, rumineTis,
eladis eklesiebis warmomadgenlebi. yvelani Sescqerodnen axalgazrda
mitropolits, romelic wess ugebda gansvenebul patriarqs. uCveulo siamayis
grZnoba dameufla, mxolod mis mSvid, metyvel saxes vxedavdi...
am dRis Semdeg TiTqmis yoveldRe davdiodi sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi,
mindoda kvlav mexila igi, magram cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti, kaTolikos-
patriarqis mosaydre ilia arsad Canda. maSin warmodgenac ar mqonda, Tu ra rTuli
dReebi edga saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias, kaTolikos-
patriarqis mosaydre mitropolit ilias. TbilisSi urTierTgamomricxavi
informaciebi vrceldeboda momavali patriarqis vinaobis Taobaze. usazRvro
iyo Cemi sixaruli, rodesac mitropolit ilias sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqad arCevis Sesaxeb Sevityve.
25 dekembers mSrali, susxiani dRe gaTenda. axalgazrdebis jgufi
mcxeTisaken gavemarTeT. yvelas gvindoda axali patriarqis aRsaydrebis
TviTmxilvelebi vyofiliyaviT. sveticxovlis SesasvlelTan gza gadagviRobes
da taZarSi Sesasvleli saSvebi mogvTxoves. axalgazrdebi davifanteT. erTma
ucnobma qalbatonma saSvi momca, madlobis Tqmac ver movaswari...
taZarSi uamrav xalxs moeyara Tavi. gareT darCenilebmac gaarRvies
milicielTa kordoni da taZarSi Semovidnen. axladarCeul patriarqs
sapatriarqo gvirgvini daadges manglelma episkoposma giorgim da alaverdelma
episkoposma grigolma. uCveulo da amaRlebuli ganwyoba sufevda sveticxovelSi,
bevri adamiani sixaruliT tiroda... yvelas undoda es dRe usasrulod
gagrZelebuliyo.
patriarqis aRsaydrebaze mosuli xalxi sionis sapatriarqo taZris
mrevlad iqca. uwmidesma da unetaresma gvaswavla pirveli locvebi, Tu
rogor unda movqceuliyaviT eklesiaSi wirvis dros. misi uwmidesobisa da
unetaresobis wirva-locvani, qadagebani Cveni sulieri simSvidis, uCveulo
energiisa da urTierTsiyvarulis safuZveli gaxda. komunisturi mmarTvelobis
sulis SemxuTveli ideologiis xanaSi rwmenis, siyvarulis maZiebelma
adamianebma axalgazrda patriarqSi dainaxes qristianuli rwmena, saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis didi warsuli da imediani momavali. uwmidesTan erTma
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Sexvedramac ki bevri adamiani moabruna eklesiisaken. kaTolikos-patriarqma
ilia II-m saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriaSi axali, didi epoqa Seqmna.
XX saukunis saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriaSi gamorCeuli
sidiadiT brwyinavs sami didi patriarqi: uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II,
uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II. pirveli oris
sicocxle iyo tanjva-wamebis, magram sulieri simtkicis gamoxatuleba, maT
TavianTi mowameobrivi sikvdiliT daamarcxes boroteba da SeuerTdnen
wmindanTa dass. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II 38 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelia... igi sicocxleSive
iqca legendad. `didni saqmeni~, romelnic man aRasrula, mTel epoqas qmnis.
didi adamianis bolomde Secnoba Tanamedroveebs yovelTvis uWirT, momavali
Taobebi ki srulad Seafaseben mis Rvawls: patriarqis Rvawlis srulad warmoCena
momavlis saqmea.
es wigni didi siyvaruliTa da pasuxismgeblobiT iwereboda. avtori
erTmaneTTan ajerebda saarqivo masalebsa da sakuTar mexsierebaSi daunjebul
ambebs... gvindoda cocxlad, sainteresod gadmogveca istoria. Tu rogor
movaxerxeT es, dae, mkiTxvelma gansajos.
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos
wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis
qarTuli universitetis reqtori,
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
profesori sergo vardosaniZe