irrigation project (jhon erl padirayon_s group)

7/25/2019 Irrigation Project (Jhon Erl Padirayon_s Group)

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Submitted by:

SALVADOR, Kae Lorenz

SALVADOR, Kenneth

PADIRAYON, Erl

SALINO, Renz !i"hael

Irrigation Pumping Systems

Irrigation Pumping Systems

Identi#y $um$% "ommonly u%ed in irri&ation $um$in& %y%tem%

Li%t the %te$% in'ol'ed in %ele"tin& the $ro$er %ize $um$

(al"ulate $um$ $re%%ure% re)uired #or an irri&ation %y%tem

Sele"t a $um$ #rom a %am$le $um$ "ur'e

De%"ribe "ommon $um$ "ontrol%

Warning:

A number o# "atalo&%, *eb%ite%, and %tore% %ell $um$% that they "all

+irri&ation+ $um$%

-he%e are ty$i"ally a %mall "entri#u&al $um$

!o%t o# the%e $um$% *ill run a %in&le %mall %$rin.ler head, but not a

%$rin.ler %y%tem

-y$i"ally $um$% that are %uitable #or %$rin.ler %y%tem% are mar.eted under

the label +hi&h $re%%ure $um$+

Many pumps are sold with misleading performance labels.

O#ten a $um$ $a".a&e *ill %ay on the bo/ or the %i&n, +00 P!, 00 PSI+

Or it may %ay +00 P!, 00 #eet o# li#t+

In mo%t "a%e% thi% mean% one +or+ the other, not one +and+ the other

Do not buy a pump until you have designed your irrigation system!


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ypes of Pumps

Displacement Pumps

1or"e the *ater to mo'e by di%$la"ement

E/am$le% in"lude: $i%ton $um$%, dia$hra&m $um$%, roller2tube%, and

rotary $um$%

-he%e $um$% are u%ed #or mo'in& 'ery thi". li)uid%, or "reatin& 'ery hi&h

$re%%ure%

-hey are u%ed in #ertilizer in3e"tor%, %$ray $um$%, air "om$re%%or%, and

hydrauli" %y%tem% #or ma"hinery

ypes of Pumps

entrifugal Pumps

Almo%t all irri&ation $um$% #all into thi% "ate&ory

A "entri#u&al $um$ u%e% an +im$eller+ to %$in the *ater ra$idly in a

+"a%in&+, +"hamber+, or +hou%in&+

-hi% %$innin& a"tion mo'e% the *ater throu&h the $um$ by mean% o#

"entri#u&al #or"e

(entri#u&al $um$% may be +multi2%ta&e+, *hi"h mean% they ha'e more

than one im$eller and "a%in&, and the *ater i% $a%%ed #rom one im$eller

to another *ith an in"rea%e in $re%%ure o""urrin& ea"h time


3/16

Ea"h im$eller4"a%in& "ombination i% re#erred to a% a +%ta&e+

All "entri#u&al $um$% mu%t ha'e a +*et inlet+, that i%, there mu%t be *ater

in both the inta.e 5inlet6 $i$e and the "a%in& *hen the $um$ i% %tarted

-hey mu%t be +$rimed+ be#ore the #ir%t u%e


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ypes of entrifugal Pumps

"nd#Suction entrifugal Pump

-he mo%t "ommon ty$e o# $um$

-y$i"ally +"lo%e2"ou$led+ or mounted to an ele"tri" motor7% dri'e %ha#t and

the $um$ "a%e i% bolted %trai&ht into the motor %o that it loo.% li.e a %in&le

unit

-he *ater ty$i"ally enter% the $um$ throu&h a +%u"tion inlet+ "entered on

one %ide o# the $um$, and e/it% at the to$

Almo%t all $ortable $um$% are end2%u"tion "entri#u&al%

-hi% ty$e o# $um$ need% to be in%talled on a $ad abo'e the hi&h *ater

le'el i# $um$in& #rom a la.e or ri'er

Submersible Pumps

In%talled "om$letely under*ater, in"ludin& the motor

-he $um$ "on%i%t% o# an ele"tri" motor and $um$ "ombined in a %in&le

unit -y$i"ally the $um$ *ill be %ha$ed li.e a lon& "ylinder %o that it "an #it

do*n in%ide o# a *ell "a%in&

Submer%ible% don7t need to be $rimed

-hey al%o tend to be more e##i"ient be"au%e they only $u%h the *ater, they

don7t need to %u". *ater into them

!o%t %ubmer%ible $um$% mu%t be in%talled in a %$e"ial %lee'e i# they are

not in%talled in a *ell, and %ometime% they need a %lee'e e'en *hen

in%talled in a *ell


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-he %lee'e #or"e% *ater "omin& into the $um$ to #lo* o'er the %ur#a"e o#

the $um$ motor to .ee$ the motor "ool

8ithout the %lee'e the $um$ *ill burn u$

9e"au%e the $o*er "ord run% do*n to the $um$ throu&h the *ater it i%'ery im$ortant that it be $rote"ted #rom a""idental dama&e

urbines and $et Pumps


6/16

A turbine $um$ i% ba%i"ally a "entri#u&al $um$ mounted under*ater and

atta"hed by a %ha#t to a motor mounted abo'e the *ater

-he %ha#t u%ually e/tend% do*n the "enter o# a lar&e $i$e

-he *ater i% $um$ed u$ thi% $i$e and e/it% dire"tly under the motor

-urbine $um$% are 'ery e##i"ient and are u%ed $rimarily #or lar&er $um$

a$$li"ation%

-hey are ty$i"ally the ty$e o# $um$% u%ed on muni"i$al *ater %y%tem

*ell%

-he turbine $um$ i% mounted in a lar&e "on"rete 'ault *ith a $i$e

"onne"tin& it to the la.e

-he *ater #lo*% by &ra'ity into the 'ault *here it enter% the $um$

-he $um$ motor% are %u%$ended o'er the 'ault on a #rame


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A 3et $um$ i% %imilar to a turbine $um$ but it *or.% by redire"tin& *ater

ba". do*n to the inta.e to hel$ li#t the *ater


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%ooster pump

!o%t $um$% are u%ed to ta.e *ater #rom a %tandin& 5or non2$re%%urized6

%our"e and mo'e it to another lo"ation

A boo%ter $um$ i% u%ed to in"rea%e the *ater $re%%ure o# *ater that i%

already on it% *ay %ome*here

E/am$le: I# you ha'e a %$rin.ler %y%tem that need% ; PSI o# $re%%ure to

o$erate, but the *ater line "omin& onto your $ro$erty only ha%


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An im$ortant relation%hi$ not only be"au%e it determine% *hether the $um$ i%

%uitable #or your irri&ation %y%tem, but al%o be"au%e it i% the%e $um$

"hara"teri%ti"% *hi"h allo* you to "ontrol the o$eration o# your $um$

-he $rimary relation%hi$ to under%tand i% that as the flow I'(")S"S* the

pressure D"(")S"S

Standard formulas used to estimate flow* pressure* and horsepower

1-=D > =P / ?@ 4 P!

P! > =P / ?@ 4 1-=D

=P > P! / 1-=D 4 ?@

=P i% bra.e hor%e$o*er

P! i% &allon% $er minute o# #lo*

1-=D i% $re%%ure in #eet o# head 5PSI / ?B@ > 1-=D6

Note: these formulas have been simplified to assume a pump efficiency of 55%

which is a good average figure to work with if you don't know the exact efficiency

of your pump. Pressure for pumps is always measured in feet of head one foot

of head is e!ual to ".#$$ pounds per s!uare inch.

Selecting a Pump

=ere7% the ba%i" $ro"edure to #ollo* i# you7re %ele"tin& a $um$ #or a ne* irri&ation

%y%tem -hi% i% $re%ented here a% an o'er'ie* to hel$ you %ee *here *e are

&oin& *ith all o# thi%:

@ E%timate your #lo* 5P!6 and $re%%ure 5#eet o# head6 re)uirement% and%ele"t a $reliminary $um$ model to u%e

? C%in& your $reliminary $um$ in#ormation, "reate a #ir%t dra#t irri&ation

de%i&n


11/16

B On"e you ha'e a #ir%t dra#t o# your irri&ation you may be able to #ine

tune your $um$ %ele"tion ba%ed on that de%i&n Return to the $um$

%ele"tion $ro"e%% and re2e'aluate your $um$ %ele"tion !a.e your #inal

$um$ %ele"tion

Return on"e a&ain to your irri&ation de%i&n (an it be #ine tuned to

better mat"h your #inal $um$ %ele"tion !a.e any ne"e%%ary ad3u%tment%


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Pump Pressure

&irst you will need to find out the +Dynamic Water Depth+ of the water in

your well.

Dynami" 8ater De$th i% the de$th o# the *ater belo* the to$ o# the *ell, in #eet,

*hen the $um$ i% runnin&

Note that the term +dra*2do*n+ i% o#ten erroneou%ly u%ed in $la"e o# Dynami"

8ater De$th

8hen the $um$ i% runnin&, the *ater le'el in the *ell dro$% belo* the

*ater table It may dro$ a #e* in"he% or more than @;; #eet de$endin& on

the ty$e o# %oil 5or ro".6 the *ell i% drilled into

"levation Difference

1i&ure out the ele'ation di##eren"e bet*een the to$ o# your *ell and the hi&he%t

$oint in the area to be irri&ated

-hi% may be a ne&ati'e number i# the *ell i% hi&her than the irri&ated area

Irrigation System ,perating Pressure

-hi% $re%%ure *ill be "al"ulated a% $art o# the irri&ation de%i&n $ro"e%% and i# you

ha'e a de%i&n already it %hould be noted on the irri&ation de%i&n

I# you ha'e an e/i%tin& irri&ation %y%tem that you *ant to add a ne* $um$ to,

then you "an try mea%urin& the *ater $re%%ure *ith a &au&e at the $oint *here

you $lan to ta$ the ne* $um$ into the %y%tem -hi% i% one o# tho%e unu%ual

"a%e% *here you *ant to mea%ure the dynami" $re%%ure, not the %tati" $re%%ure


13/16

So *hen you mea%ure the $re%%ure ma.e %ure that one o# the irri&ation %y%tem

'al'e% turned on and the %$rin.ler% are runnin&

(han"e% are you don7t ha'e an irri&ation %y%tem yet, or e'en a de%i&n In thi%"a%e you *ill need to ma.e an +edu"ated &ue%%+

Minimum Pressures for Irrigation Systems

Dri$ Irri&ation >; #eet head 5B; PSI6

S$ray -y$e S$rin.ler =ead% >FB #eet head 5; PSI6

Rotor -y$e S$rin.ler =ead% >@; #eet head 5< PSI6

-o #ini%h u$ your $re%%ure re)uirement "al"ulation% you add the 'alue% o# the

Dynamic Water Depth, elevation head, and operating pressure headto&ether

to &et the total head re-uired

Example:

You mea%ure a Dynami" 8ater De$th o# ?< #eet in your *ell

-he irri&ation %y%tem i% @; #eet hi&her than the to$ o# the *ell Your &oin&

to u%e rotor ty$e %$rin.ler head% %o you %ele"t an o$eratin& $re%%ure o#@; #eet head

Your total head re)uired *ould be ?< G @; G @; > @BF #eet o# headH


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Selecting a Pump

Pump urves

ra$h *hi"h %ho*% the $er#orman"e "hara"teri%ti"% o# a $arti"ular $um$

Pum$ "ur'e% are "reated by the $um$ manu#a"turer and the manu#a"turer

%hould be able to $ro'ide you *ith $er#orman"e "ur'e% #or the $um$% you

are "on%iderin&

Remember, there i% al*ay% an in'er%e relation%hi$ bet*een $re%%ure and

#lo* =i&her $re%%ure% mean lo*er #lo*% Lo*er $re%%ure% re%ult in hi&her

#lo*%

Pump ontrols

!o%t $um$ "ontrol "ir"uit% are de%i&ned u%in& a relay "ir"uit that i%olate% the

u%er #rom the $um$ 'olta&e


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!o%t relay% u%e @? or ? 'olt%, a #e* u%e @?; 'olt%

Automatin& the (ontrol (ir"uit

(ommon ty$e% in"lude:

imer

Pressure Switch

!o%t *ell $um$% are "ontrolled thi% *ay

A ty$i"al in%tallation *ill ha'e a $re%%ure tan. *hi"h %tore% $re%%urized

*ater %o that the $um$ doe%n7t "y"le on and o## ra$idly due to $re%%ure

"han&e%

-he tan. a"t% a% a re%er'oir to %tabilize the $re%%ure in the %y%tem

Irrigation ontroller

!o%t irri&ation "ontroller% ha'e a $um$ %tart "ir"uit built into them


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You %im$ly "onne"t the *ire% that &o to the %*it"h to the "ontroller $um$

%tart terminal%, and the irri&ation "ontroller *ill turn the $um$ on *hene'er

it turn% on a 'al'e

Do not hoo. u$ the "ontroller to an e/i%tin& relay "ir"uit

&low Switch

Sometime% u%ed on boo%ter $um$%

8hen the %*it"h dete"t% #lo* in the $i$e% it turn% on the $um$

ombination of one or more of the above switches.

A 'ery "ommon a$$li"ation i% one relay "ontrolled by both a $re%%ure%*it"h and a manual o'erride %*it"h, and a %e"ond relay o$erated by the

irri&ation "ontroller

irrigation project (jhon erl padirayon_s group)

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