ioa technical presentation-2
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
INSTITUTE OF AVIATION10 N GREEN MONOPROPELLANT THRUSTER
Samantha Booth
Jordan Kenton
Patrick Nienhaus
Erich Zahn
![Page 2: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• The number and frequency of past and future space missions
• Variation in satellite sizes and the availability of rocket engines for them
• Green fuels and current market fuels
MARKET ANALYSIS
![Page 3: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
• Decomposes into steam and oxygen gas• spontaneous decomposition at high temperatures
or with catalyst• high exhaust temperatures, low molecular weights• safe
• Dpecific impulse increases with concentration• High density, non-toxic, non-corrosive, non-reactive• Easy to handle, inexpensive• Release response for HTP is to rinse with water• Lower specific impulse, higher density specific impulse• Storable?
• lowest storage hazard class
![Page 4: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
MONOPROPELLANT COMPARISON
• HTP has one of the largest densities.• Exemplifies the ideal green monopropellant
• only questionable area is the storability
• HTP is the recommended monopropellant.
![Page 5: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CEA RESULTS
![Page 6: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Using tables from various websites, a list of materials and their compatibility with HTP was made.
• Eliminating all materials that did not
meet an excellent rating left these
materials.
• This is list was used to start finding
materials that could be used in
constructing the engine.
POTENTIAL MATERIALS
![Page 7: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CLOSER LOOK AT MATERIALS
Steel 316 Inconel 625
Strength Strong Very Strong
Thermal Average High
Machining Easily formed Tough
Cost ~$4/Kg ~$15/Kg
![Page 8: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Inconel 625 Material
Properties
![Page 9: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Steel 316 Material
Properties
![Page 10: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
VALVES
• Many different applications:• Submarines
• Oil Piping
• Missiles
• Robots
• There are many different kinds of valves:• Poppet
• Spool
• Proportional
• Ball
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ0wHbVVYn4I0Qrp6L8wtmkGoffCFyWKWeGlhwuMTzTU-JlQs5T
![Page 11: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
VALVE CHARACTERISTICS
• Thruster Valves• Before the Decomposition
Chamber
• Dual Redundant
• Continuous Duty• Doesn’t Overheat
• Current Drain• Amount Used
• Cv Factor • Units of Gal/Min• Given Temperature and Pressure
• Correction Factor• Multiple Flows• Manual Shutoff?
![Page 12: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
SOLENOID VALVE
• Controlled by a Solenoid
• Normally Closed/Open
• AC vs. DC
• Different types of solenoid valves
• Proportional
• Poppet
• Spool
![Page 13: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
POPPET VALVE
• Component covers internal passage blocking flow.
• They are self cleaning, simple, and can be normally closed.
www.europeanoilandgas.co.uk
![Page 14: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
VALVE
![Page 15: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
VENTURI NOZZLE
• Venturi nozzle was required to control the mass flow.• Research showed that an inlet angle of 30⁰ and an outlet angle of 20⁰ was appropriate.• Length was dependent on an inlet diameter of 3.9688 mm and an outlet diameter of 9 mm and the specified angles.• Will be connected to the valve at the inlet section and the decomposition chamber at the outlet section.
![Page 16: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
FACEPLATE DESIGN
• Distribute propellant evenly across the catalyst bed
• Since it’s a monopropellant no atomization is required
• Combustion chambers need atomization
• Shower head design
http://www.rnrassociates.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/kohler-moxie-showerhead-and-wireless-speaker4-400x320.jpg
![Page 17: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
SHOWER HEAD
![Page 18: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
SHOWER HEAD ANALYSIS (DISPLACEMENT)
![Page 19: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
SHOWER HEAD ANALYSIS (STRESS)
![Page 20: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
DESIGN PARAMETERS OF CATALYST BED
• Required diameter and length to obtain optimal decomposition of HTP (~95%)
• Obtained diameter of approximately 9 mm
![Page 21: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
DESIGN PARAMETERS OF CATALYST BED
• Length of approximately 30 mm was obtained through interpolation of the best fit line.
![Page 22: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
THERMAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
![Page 23: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Using Bartz equation, an approximate heat load was found.
• The convection constraint is based on the properties of air.
• The temperature constraint is based on the properties of the decomposition of HTP.
• This was then applied to the test section to analyze the result.
THERMAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
![Page 24: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
NOZZLE PARAMETERS
• The two most important nozzle parameters: Throat Area, Area Ratio (Exit to Throat)
• These can be found using the following relationships:
![Page 26: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
NOZZLE PARAMETERS
• CF is a property of the geometry.
• C* is a property of the propellant, H2O2.
Pc 8 Bar
Gamma 1.28 (constant)
c* 1015 m/s
c* efficiency 0.9 5
P∞ 1 Bar
Isp 130 s
ṁ 0.0078 kg/s (for 10N Thrust)
At 9.46 µm2 (1.74 mm radius)
![Page 27: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Pressure Ratio Pc/Pe
Thru
st
(N)
Thrust vs Pressure Ratio for Different AR at Ambient 1 Bar
AR:1.5
AR:2
AR:3
AR:4
AR:10
![Page 28: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
NOZZLE PARAMETERS
• Choosing the Area Ratio
• For example, if ideal expansion is desired:
Chamber Pressure (bar)
Pressure RatioArea Ratio for Ideal
Expansion
6 6 1.563
8 8 1.843
10 10 2.108
![Page 29: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
NOZZLE CONTOUR
• Simple, 15o divergent half angle
• Easier to design/manufacture
• On large thruster, is inefficient, energy losses, non uniform exit flow
• For our purposes, for such a small thruster, this method is appropriate to save time, effort, and cost.
• Uses MoC to minimize length, therefore minimizing weight
• High initial divergent angle, levels off to a small exit divergent angle
• More efficient, less energy loss, uniform exit flow
• Harder to design/manufacture
Converging SectionDue to the low mach, low energy flow, the convergent section is simple. A convergent half angle of anywhere from 20o to 60o will work.
Conical Diverging Section Optimum Bell Diverging Section
![Page 30: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
NOZZLE CONTOUR
A 60% bell nozzle has a length that is 60% of a 15o conical nozzle.
![Page 31: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
CURRENT NOZZLE DESIGN
Covergent Half-Angle 50o
Divergent Half-Angle 12o
Throat Area 7.57 µm2 (1.55 mm Radius)
Exit Area 15.9 µm2 (2.25 mm Radius)
Area Ratio 2.11
![Page 32: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
FULL DESIGN
![Page 34: IoA Technical Presentation-2](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062504/58eeb9901a28ab7d478b45f1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
THANK YOU
QUESTIONS?