introduction to research 2

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Introduction to Research

in NursingWelcome


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Definition

Research is a scientific process of inquiring

and/or experimentation that involves

purposeful, systematic collection, analysis and

interpretation of data in order to gain new

knowledge or add to existing knowledge to

solve problem.


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What Research is NOT

Research is not going to the library to collect

existing material such as someones report.

The activity of re-organization and / or re-

statement of already known knowledge is

referred to as search.


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Purpose of Research

Finding answers to questions or solution to

problems.

Discovery and interpretation of new facts.

Testing of theories (revising)

Formulation of new theories.

Describing, explaining, predicting andcontrolling phenomena.


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Areas in Health System where

Research required


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Policy

national development plan

priority health needs

equity in the provision of health services respect for cultural and humanitarian values.


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The environment

improvement of living conditions

provision of clean air, water and sanitation

adequate disposal of industrial wastes preservation of natural resources.


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Administration and Management

agreement with policy effectiveness and

efficiency in financial management,

management of equipment, training and

supervision.

development of adequate monitoring and

evaluation procedures

study of organizational behaviour


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The Community

development of institutions and practices

in promoting health. community participation in health activities.


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Individuals and Families

assessment of physical, mental and

socio-economic needs

potential for addressing specific healthproblems and needs


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Direct services

appropriateness

effectiveness efficiency

acceptability


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Education

content of training programs

teaching methods

assessment methods outcome of training.


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Multi-disciplinary skills required

Political science,

policy analysis,

technology assessment,

behavioural sciences,

economics,

epidemiology,

environmental sciences,

biology,


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Multi-disciplinary skills required

social work,

community development,

clinical, epidemiology,

quality assurance, bio-medical sciences,

operations research,

strategic planning,

management sciences,

health economics.


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Research in Nursing

Internationally - advanced

Locally - under-developed


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Reasons for lack of Development in

Fiji

lack of knowledge / skills

lack of interest

shortage of staff lack of support from managers

status of nursing

lack of resources - computers, funds


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Goals of Nursing

The goal of nursing research is to improve the

practice and profession of nursing for the

ultimate improvement of patient care.


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How Research benefits Nursing

profession and practice?

Enables understanding of phenomena

Discovers new things

Solves problems. Facilitates evidencebased practice.

Evaluates nursing theories and techniques

- old ones- new implementations


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profession and practice? Ensures quality care

Ensures cost-effective care.

Saves time - eliminate the unnecessary

Explore quicker ways of operations

Ensures professional practice and image of nursingdevelopment

Ensures accountability.

Enables nurses to fulfill societal and cultural needs.

Prevents communication barriers international

- doctors and other professionals

Can increase motivation of nurses or reduce frustrations andstress.


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Limitations of Research in Nursing

Experimentation is not feasible on moral, ethical

and legal grounds.

Questions involving morality or value system

cannot be explored with the scientific approach. Psychological phenomena such as anger and

anxiety are difficult to measure.

Human nature is complexvalues change, multiplevariables act as causative factors for happenings

and there are several moderators.


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Clarifications of Research

Classification by Purpose

Basic Research or Pure Research

This is concerned with establishing new knowledge or

development or refinement of theories (knowledge forthe sake of knowledge)

The findings may not be immediately applicable, butmay provide knowledge that can be utilized later.

Applied Research

Is also concerned with new knowledge, butcan be utilized immediately.


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Classification by Approach

Descriptive - describes what exists.

Experimentalmanipulating specific

conditions to see the results.

Historical Approachdetermines the

accuracy of statements or facts about past

events.


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Steps in Research

Selection, analysis and statement of the problem.

Literature Review.

Formulation of Objectives.

Research Methodology. Formulation of Hypothesis.

Data collection.

Analysis and interpretation (discussion) of data.

Formulation of conclusions and implications.

Report writing.


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Internationally - advanced

Locally - under-developed


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Reasons for lack of Development in

Fiji.

lack of knowledge / skills

lack of interest

shortage of staff lack of support from managers

status of nursing

lack of resources - computers, funds


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profession and practice?

The goal of nursing research is to improve the

practice and profession of nursing for the

ultimate improvement of patient care.


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References

Burns, N. & Grove, S. K. (2005). The practice of

nursing research: conduct critique and

utilization (5th ed.). Missouri: Elsevier.

Wilson, H. S. (1987).Introduction to Nursing

Research. Philadelphia: Lippincott.

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