Introduction to Anatomy Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology& Physiology

ANATOMYANATOMY

THE STUDY OF THE FORM & THE STUDY OF THE FORM & STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN BODYSTRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN BODY

Where is the heart?Where is the heart? How large is the liver?How large is the liver? How many muscles do you have?How many muscles do you have?

gross anatomygross anatomy - The study of the - The study of the organs, parts, and structures of a organs, parts, and structures of a body that are visible to the naked body that are visible to the naked eye.eye.

PHYSIOLOGYPHYSIOLOGY

Study of how a living organism Study of how a living organism works.works.

How does the heart know when to How does the heart know when to beat?beat?

What makes a muscle stretch?What makes a muscle stretch?

How does the liver store CHO?How does the liver store CHO?

PROTOPLASMPROTOPLASM

Basic substance of all LIFE Basic substance of all LIFE ordinary elements such asordinary elements such as CC O2O2 HH SS NN PP

pathophysiology pathophysiology - - The study of The study of how disease occurs and response of how disease occurs and response of the body to disease processthe body to disease process..

CELLSCELLS

Protoplasm comes together to form Protoplasm comes together to form cellscells

CELLSCELLS are the basic unit of structure are the basic unit of structure & function of all living things.& function of all living things.

MicroscopicMicroscopicCarry on all functions of lifeCarry on all functions of life

Require O2Require O2Produce heat & energyProduce heat & energyMove & adapt to environmentMove & adapt to environmentEliminate waste productsEliminate waste productsPerform special functionsPerform special functions

CELL PARTSCELL PARTSCell membrane- outer protective Cell membrane- outer protective

covering: Allows substances to covering: Allows substances to enter & leave cellenter & leave cell

Cytoplasm: semi- fluid substance Cytoplasm: semi- fluid substance inside of cell. Contains water, inside of cell. Contains water, fats, proteins, CHO, minerals, fats, proteins, CHO, minerals, salts. salts.

ORGANELLS- Structures inside the ORGANELLS- Structures inside the cellcell

Nucleus- The brain, main controlsNucleus- The brain, main controls Nucleolus- RNA production inside the Nucleolus- RNA production inside the

nucleusnucleus Chromatin- Inside the nucleus, makes DNA Chromatin- Inside the nucleus, makes DNA

& chromosomes& chromosomes Mitochondria- rod shaped, powerhouse of Mitochondria- rod shaped, powerhouse of

the cell, makes energythe cell, makes energy Golgi Apparatus- Produces, stores & Golgi Apparatus- Produces, stores &

packages secretions for discharge form packages secretions for discharge form the cell. Garbage Compactor of the cellthe cell. Garbage Compactor of the cell

Endoplasmic Recticulum- tubular Endoplasmic Recticulum- tubular structures that allows for transportation of structures that allows for transportation of materials into & out of the cell. Train of the materials into & out of the cell. Train of the cellcell

smooth- makes cholesterol, detox smooth- makes cholesterol, detox

from drugsfrom drugs

Rough- builds proteinsRough- builds proteins Lysosomes- oval bodies that digest & Lysosomes- oval bodies that digest &

destroy old cells. Pac Man of the celldestroy old cells. Pac Man of the cell Pinocytic Vesicles- folds in cell membrane. Pinocytic Vesicles- folds in cell membrane.

The folds capture & hold protein & fats, The folds capture & hold protein & fats, then form bubbles to help then enter the then form bubbles to help then enter the cell cell

ReproductionReproduction

Cells need to reproduce to keep Cells need to reproduce to keep organism aliveorganism alive

Skin, blood forming cells, & intestinal tract Skin, blood forming cells, & intestinal tract cells reproduce continuously cells reproduce continuously

Muscle cells reproduce every few years, Muscle cells reproduce every few years, but most can be enlarged by exercisingbut most can be enlarged by exercising

Special cells such as nerve cells in the Special cells such as nerve cells in the brain & spinal cord do not reproduce after brain & spinal cord do not reproduce after birth, & if they are damaged they cannot birth, & if they are damaged they cannot be repaired or replacedbe repaired or replaced

MITOSIS VS MEIOSISMITOSIS VS MEIOSIS

Mitosis is the process of cell division Mitosis is the process of cell division of a normal cell. Has 46 of a normal cell. Has 46 chromosomeschromosomes

Meiosis is the cell division of a sex Meiosis is the cell division of a sex cell (sperm & ovum) which halves cell (sperm & ovum) which halves the number of chromosomes. Each the number of chromosomes. Each sex cell has 23 chromosomes.sex cell has 23 chromosomes.

TissuesTissues

Cells of the same type that are Cells of the same type that are joined together for a common joined together for a common purposepurpose

4 TYPES OF TISSUE4 TYPES OF TISSUE

EPITHELIALEPITHELIALCONNECTIVECONNECTIVENERVENERVEMUSCLEMUSCLE

EPITHELIALEPITHELIAL

COVERS THE BODY , MAIN TISSUE OF COVERS THE BODY , MAIN TISSUE OF THE SKINTHE SKIN

FORMS LINING OF THE INTESTINAL, FORMS LINING OF THE INTESTINAL, RESPIRATORY, CIRCULATORY & RESPIRATORY, CIRCULATORY & URINARY TRACTURINARY TRACT

FORMS GLANDS OF THE BODYFORMS GLANDS OF THE BODY

CONNECTIVECONNECTIVE

SUPPORTIVE FABRIC OF THE BODYSUPPORTIVE FABRIC OF THE BODY

3 TYPES3 TYPESSOFT- Adipose or fat (insulates body)SOFT- Adipose or fat (insulates body)

Tendons, ligamentsTendons, ligamentsHARD- Cartilage & boneHARD- Cartilage & boneLIQUID- BloodLIQUID- Blood

NERVENERVE

Made of specialized cells called-Made of specialized cells called-neuronsneurons

Carries nerve messages from brain Carries nerve messages from brain throughout the bodythroughout the body

Makes up nerves, brain, and spinal Makes up nerves, brain, and spinal cordcord

MUSCLEMUSCLE

Produces power & movement of the Produces power & movement of the bodybody

3 Types3 TypesSkeletal- attaches to bone to move Skeletal- attaches to bone to move

bodybodyCardiac- cause heart to beatCardiac- cause heart to beatVisceral (Smooth)- present in the walls Visceral (Smooth)- present in the walls

of blood vessels, walls of respiratory, of blood vessels, walls of respiratory, urinary & digestive tracksurinary & digestive tracks

OrgansOrgans

Two or more TISSUES JOINED Two or more TISSUES JOINED TOGETHER TO PERFORM A TOGETHER TO PERFORM A Specific FUNCTIONSpecific FUNCTION

Example- Heart, lungs, stomach, brain, Example- Heart, lungs, stomach, brain, skin, pancreas, uterus etcskin, pancreas, uterus etc

SYSTEMSYSTEM

Organs joined together for a common Organs joined together for a common purposepurpose

Digestive SystemDigestive SystemRespiratory SystemRespiratory SystemUrinary SystemUrinary SystemReproductive SystemReproductive System

OrganismOrganism

Systems joined together for a Systems joined together for a common goodcommon good

THE HUMAN ORGANISMTHE HUMAN ORGANISM

SummarySummary

Cell: Basic unit if structure and function of all living thingsCell: Basic unit if structure and function of all living things

Cells combine to form tissuesCells combine to form tissues

4 Tissue types: Epithelial. Connective (soft and hard), Nerve, 4 Tissue types: Epithelial. Connective (soft and hard), Nerve, Muscle (skeletal, cardiac, visceral)Muscle (skeletal, cardiac, visceral)

Tissues combine to form organsTissues combine to form organs

Organs combine to form organ systems (integumentary,skeletal, Organs combine to form organ systems (integumentary,skeletal, muscular, circulatory, lymphatic, nervous, respiratory, muscular, circulatory, lymphatic, nervous, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine, and reproductive)digestive, urinary, endocrine, and reproductive)

Systems work together to create the miracle of the human bodySystems work together to create the miracle of the human body