interpersonal communication ii course review agenda: fact or crap? discussion about questions as...

Interpersonal Communication II Course Review

Agenda:Fact or Crap?

Discussion about questions as we go.

My PowerPoints for review linked from eCompanion home page

Fact or Crap???? Course Review 1

Fact or Crap?

• Communication specialists are recruited by advertising and public relations firms.


Fact

• Communication specialists are recruited by advertising and public relations firms.


Fact or Crap?

• Love is a better predictor than commitment of relational continuity (endurance).


Crap

• Love is NOT a good predictor, and not better than commitment when it comes to relational continuity (endurance).


Fact or Crap?

• Only some symbols are abstract.


Crap

• All symbols are abstract.


Fact or Crap?

• One of the better known principles advanced by general semanticists is:

“The word is the meaning.”


Crap

• One of the better known principles advanced by general semanticists is: The map is not the territory.


Fact or Crap?

• The I and ME are opposing parts of the human self.

Fact or Crap???? Course Review 10http://www.savagechickens.com/images/chickenblog.jpg

http://www.savagechickens.com/images/chickenblog.jpg

Crap

• The I and ME are complementary parts of the human self. Your image of yourself makes up your “I.” Collective judgments by significant others develop into a “Me.”


Fact or Crap?

• The first generation of developmental theories devoted very little attention to the process of relational decline.


Fact

• The first generation of developmental theories devoted very little attention to the process of relational decline.


Fact or Crap?


Race is a factor in Race is a factor in intelligence.intelligence.

Crap

• Race is NOT a factor in intelligence. Sternberg (2005) – “race is a socially constructed concept, not a biological one.” (Broderick & Blewitt, 2006)


Fact or Crap?

• When contradictory messages are sent through both verbal and nonverbal channels, most adults see the verbal message as more accurate.


Crap

• When contradictory messages are sent through both verbal and nonverbal channels, most adults see the nonverbal nonverbal message as more accurate.message as more accurate.


Fact or Crap?

• Actions and identities are only real to the extent that they are performed.


Fact

• Actions and identities are only real to the extent that they are performed.


Fact or Crap?

• Kenneth Burke is a preeminent performance ethnographer.


Crap

• Dwight Conquergood is a preeminent performance ethnographer. Burke was concerned about narratives and performance, but not an ethnographer. An ethnographer lives among the people he or she studies.


Fact or Crap?

• To resolve their tension, Dan and Karen give up their private time. This resolution is called reframing.


Crap

• To resolve their tension, Dan and Karen give up their private time. This resolution is called selectionselection.

• Reframing is changing a negative perspective to a positive one.


Fact or Crap?

• When Dan is late for a date, Gina snarls, "I'm going to buy you a watch." The relationship level of meaning is Dan doesn't own a watch.


Crap

• When Dan is late for a date, Gina snarls, "I'm going to buy you a watch." The relationship level of meaning is Dan doesn't care about Dan doesn't care about Gina.Gina.


Fact or Crap?

• Equity refers to whether a relationship is fair and balanced to both people over time.


Fact

• Equity refers to whether a relationship is equitable to both people over time.


Fact or Crap?

• Standpoint theory has been criticized for obscuring diversity among members of groups.


Fact

• Standpoint theory has been criticized for obscuring diversity among members of groups by suggesting that people in a group are more similar than they probably are.


Fact or Crap?

• Symbolic activities that have been identified as creating and supporting particular organizational cultures are rites, rituals, and hierarchy.


Fact

• Symbolic activities that have been identified as creating and supporting particular organizational cultures are vocabulary, rites and stories .


Fact or Crap?

• McLuhan believed that the medium of communication is more important than the content.


Fact

• McLuhan believed that the medium of communication is more important than the content.


Fact or Crap?

• Printed material is a hot medium.


Crap

• Radio, and television are hot. Print and interactive computer games are cool because you have to DO something. Any hot medium allows lessless participation than a cool one.


Fact or Crap?

• Patriarchy literally means hatred of women.


Crap• That’s misogyny and can be

experienced by men or women. Remember when we talked about how some groups come to believe the negatives and dislike themselves as part of that group.

• Patriarchy literally means rule by the fathers.


Fact or Crap?

• Modernist thinking was characterized by belief in singular truth.


Crap

• Modernist thinking was characterized by belief in belief in stability and belief in the coherence of social life.


Fact or Crap?

According to Narrative Theory, communication is how society gets into individuals so that members of a society can participated in a common social order with consensual meanings.


Crap

Communication is storytelling. Narrative Theory.Narrative Theory.

Communication is how society gets into individuals so that members of a society can participated in a common social order with consensual meanings. Symbolic Symbolic Interactionism.Interactionism.


Fact or Crap?

• According to Standpoint Theory, communication is a bartering of profits and costs.


Crap

• According to Social Exchange TheorySocial Exchange Theory, communication is a bartering of profits and costs.

• Communication creates and reflects positions within a given social order. Standpoint TheoryStandpoint Theory.

• Communication is a process by which people try to coordinate their meanings. Rules TheoryRules Theory.


Fact or Crap?

• According to Muted Group Theory, communication is a means of reducing uncertainty.


Crap

• Communication is a means of reducing uncertainty. Uncertainty Reduction Theory.Uncertainty Reduction Theory.

• Communication is an exclusionary apparatus that mutes nondominant social groups. Muted Muted Group Theory.Group Theory.


Fact or Crap?

• According to Cultivation Theory, communication punctuates interaction to construct meaning.


Crap

• Communication punctuates interaction to construct meaning. General Semantics.General Semantics.

• Communication is a means of cultivating world views. Cultivation Theory.Cultivation Theory.


Fact or Crap?

• Communication is a symbolic dance on the stage of life. Narrative Theory.Narrative Theory.


Fact

• Communication is a symbolic dance on the stage of life. Narrative Theory.Narrative Theory.


Fact or Crap?

• Technological Determinism claims that some single cause determines other aspects of life (McLuhan).


Fact

• Technological Determinism claims that some single cause determines other aspects of life (McLuhan).


Fact or Crap?

A rules-based explanation of communication means:

A form of theoretical explanation that articulates regularities, or patterns, in human behavior that are routinely followed in particular types of communication situations and relationships.


Fact

• A rules-based explanation of communication means: A form of theoretical explanation that articulates regularities, or patterns, in human behavior that are routinely followed in particular types of communication situations and relationships.


Fact or Crap?

• Fisher and others who endorse the narrative paradigm think logic and strictly rational thinking are the bases of human beliefs.


Crap

• Fisher and others who endorse the narrative narrative paradigm think life is a set of stories.paradigm think life is a set of stories.

• In choosing to accept some stories and to reject others, we continuously re-create our lives and ourselves.

• The Rational World Paradigm advocates that Rational World Paradigm advocates that logiclogic and strictly rational thinking are the bases of human beliefs.


Fact or Crap?

• Rules theorists believe that human behavior is determined by external forces.


Crap

• Rules theory is concerned with how humans construct meaning for their communication, such as CMM.

• Laws-based explanations assume human behavior is determined by external stimuli.


Fact or Crap?

• Personal constructs are broad knowledge structures and building block for communication.

• Examples would be intelligent-unintelligent, uninteresting-interesting.


Fact

• Personal constructs are broad knowledge structures and building block for communication. Examples would be intelligent-unintelligent, uninteresting-interesting.


Fact or Crap?

• As people age, they pay more attention to their feelings, and their emotions are more enhanced and complex.


Fact

• As people age, they pay more attention to their feelings, and their emotions are more enhanced and complex. (Broderick & Blewitt, 2006)


Fact or Crap?

• The median age for marriage in the 1950s was 20 for women and 23 for men.

• Now it’s higher for both women and men.


Fact

• The median age for marriage in the 1950s was 20 for women and 23 for men. Now it’s above 25 for both women and men. (Broderick & Blewitt, 2006)


Fact or Crap?

• Married people report generally higher levels of happiness than unmarried people.

• They have lower rates of mental illness, drug and alcohol abuse, and physical illness than unmarried people.


Fact

• Married people report generally higher levels of happiness than unmarried people. They have lower rates of mental illness, drug and alcohol abuse, and physical illness than unmarried people.


Fact or Crap?

• A major correlate of happiness for women is adequate sleep.


Fact

• A major correlate of happiness for women is adequate sleep.


Fact or Crap?

• Extraverts, who tend to focus interest on things outside the self, are happier than introverts, who focus more attention on their own interior experience.


Fact

• Extraverts, who tend to focus interest on things outside the self, are happier than introverts, who focus more attention on their own interior experience.


Fact or Crap?

• About 50 percent of the population reports having apprehension about communicating with some person or group in their lives.


Crap

• Almost 95 percent of the population reports having apprehension about communicating with some person or group in their lives. (Berko, Wolvin, & Wolvin, 2009)


Fact or Crap?

• Communication takes place within a system.


Fact

• Yes, communication takes place within a system.


Fact or Crap?

• European Americans tend to self-disclose more to strangers than do African Americans.

• In close friendship situations, African Americans tend to self-disclose more and at a deeper level than do European Americans. (Berko, Wolvin, & Wolvin)


Fact

• European Americans tend to self-disclose more to strangers than do African Americans.

• In close friendship situations, African Americans tend to self-disclose more and at a deeper level than do European Americans. (Berko, Wolvin, & Wolvin)


Fact or Crap?

• The best evidence on gender and interpersonal communication suggests that men and women are far more alike than different.


Fact

• The investigators contend that “the best evidence on gender and communication suggests that men and women are far more alike than different.” (Beko, Wolvin, & Wolvin, p. 155)


Fact or Crap?

• From infancy on, males generally learn masculine traits—independence, self-absorption, competition, aggression. Men value power, competency, efficiency, and achievement.


Fact

• From infancy on, males generally learn masculine traits—independence, self-absorption, competition, aggression. Men value power, competency, efficiency, and achievement. However, recognize that there are some children who learn and use reverse gender roles. (Beko, Wolvin, & Wolvin, p. 156)


Fact or Crap?

• Women interrupt more than men.


Crap

• 96 percent of the interruptions and 100 percent of the overlaps in mixed pairs in daily conversations were performed by men. (Berko, Wolvin, & Wolvin, p. 158)


Fact or Crap?

• Our looking glass self is our ideal self-concept.


Crap

• We learn to see ourselves mirrored in others' eyes. Our perception of how others see us are lenses through which we perceive ourselves.


Fact or Crap?

• Women use many more words than men. (Berko, Wolvin, & Wolvin, p. 157)


Crap

• Women and men both use on the average about 16,000 words per day, with very large individual differences around this mean.


Fact or Crap?

• Typically, women don’t want to focus on the solution until they’ve finished venting, and men don’t want to hear all the details.


Fact

• Yes, generally, women don’t want to focus on the solution until they’ve finished venting, and men don’t want to hear all the details. (Berko, Wolvin, Wolvin, p. 160)


References

• Berko, R. M., Wolvin, A., & Wolvin, D. (2009). Communicating. Boston: Pearson.

• Broderick, P. C., & Blewitt, P. The life span. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

• Wood, J. T. (2004). Communication theories in action: An introduction. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.



References• Brannon, I. (2008, Fall2008). Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and

Happiness. CATO Journal, 28(3), 562-565. Retrieved April 6, 2009, from Academic Search Premier database.

• Elliott, I., & Coker, S. (2008, December). Independent self-construal, self-reflection, and self-rumination: A path model for predicting happiness. Australian Journal of Psychology, 60(3), 127-134. Retrieved April 6, 2009, doi:10.1080/00049530701447368

• Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2008, December). Positive Psychology and Character Strengths: Application to Strengths-Based School Counseling. Professional School Counseling, 12(2), 85-92. Retrieved April 6, 2009, from Academic Search Premier database.

• Seligman, M., Steen, T. Park, N., Peterson, C. (2005, July-August). Positive Psychology Progress: Empirical Validation of Interventions. American Psychologist, 60(5), 410-421.

• Wallis, C., (2005, January). The New Science of Happiness: What Makes the Human Heart Sing? Time. Retrieved April 5, 2009, from http://www.authentichappiness.sas.upenn.edu/images/TimeMagazine/Index.htm

• Wilkinson, Will (2007, April 11). In Pursuit of Happiness Research: Is It Reliable? What Does It Imply for Policy? Retrieved April 6, 2009, from The Cato Institute Web site: http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=8179

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