PRESENTATION

MANAGINMANAGING G

EMOTIONSEMOTIONS

DEFINITIONS OF EMOTIONS

It is difficult to define emotion because it involves so many elements including feelings. Let us take a look at the definitions given by some scholars.In his book 'Principles of Psychology', William James, a scholar and psychologist, describes emotion as "Our natural way of thinking about”.Some scholars also believe that the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact and that our feeling of the changes as they occur is the emotion.

CONTINUATIONCONTINUATIONDefinition of emotion can be found in the book Definition of emotion can be found in the book 'The Emotions: Outline of a Theory','The Emotions: Outline of a Theory', where where Jean-Jean-Paul SartrePaul Sartre, mentioned ", mentioned "We merely state that they We merely state that they (emotions) are all(emotions) are all ““TANTAMOUNT”TANTAMOUNT” to setting up a to setting up a magical world by using the body as a meansmagical world by using the body as a means ““INCANTATIONINCANTATION".".

Emotions are our Emotions are our “AFFECTIVE”“AFFECTIVE” responses to responses to changing relationships between ourselves and the changing relationships between ourselves and the environmentenvironment ( by Lazarus, 1991). ( by Lazarus, 1991).

CONTINUATIOCONTINUATIONN

Emotions may change in different situations or Emotions may change in different situations or contexts. contexts.

For example, if the day is bright and shining we For example, if the day is bright and shining we feel like singing and dancing merrily. feel like singing and dancing merrily.

Emotions are not only feelings but also include Emotions are not only feelings but also include other elements such asother elements such as facial or voice facial or voice expressions, physiological changes,expressions, physiological changes, and and changes in action tendencies or action changes in action tendencies or action readiness. readiness.

CONTINUATIONEmotions have many dimensions that are signaled by internal physiological changes, manifested by non-verbal reactions, and defined by cognitive interpretations.

For example, when we are angry, our heartbeat may increase or our blood pressure may rise (physiological changes). Then, we may sweat or our gestures may change (non-verbal reactions), and finally the mind will determine how we feel and learn to control or manage the anger.

FACTORS FACTORS INFLUENCEDINFLUENCED

Expression of emotions is very much Expression of emotions is very much influenced by the following factors: byinfluenced by the following factors: by Adler and Rosenfeld, 1999). Adler and Rosenfeld, 1999).

1) CULTURE1) CULTURE

2) GENDER2) GENDER

3) SOCIAL ROLES3) SOCIAL ROLES

4) SOCIAL CONVENTIONS4) SOCIAL CONVENTIONS

5) EMOTIONAL CONTAGION5) EMOTIONAL CONTAGION

6) SELF-DISCLOSURE ANXIETY6) SELF-DISCLOSURE ANXIETY

CONTINUATICONTINUATIONON 1) CULTURE

o DIFFERENT CULTURE HAS DIFFERENT VALUES AND COMMUNICATION BEHAVIORS.

2) GENDERo WOMEN ARE SAID TO BE MORE SENSITIVE

TO THE FEELINGS OF OTHERS THAN MEN. 3) SOCIAL ROLESo PEOPLE ARE TAUGHT TO BEHAVE

APPROPRIATELY IN THEIR DESIGNATIONS.

CONTINUATIONCONTINUATION4) SOCIAL CONVENTIONS CERTAIN SOCIAL RULES DISCOURAGE PEOPLE TO

REVEAL THEIR NEGATIVE OR POSITIVE EMOTIONS SUCH AS ANGER OR HAPPINESS TO OTHER IN PUBLIC.

5) EMOTIONAL CONTAGION OUR EMOTION CAN BE CONTAGIOUS.A SAD

PERSON MAY END UP HAPPY AFTER COMMUNICATING WITH A HAPPY PERSON OR VICE VERSA.

6) SELF-DISCLOSURE ANXIETY SOME PEOPLE HIDE THEIR EMOTIONS TO AVOID

REVEALING THEIR WEAKNESSES TO OTHER PEOPLE.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONIn conclusion, emotion is difficult to define

because it comprises of many aspects of communication behaviors and values of the communicators.

However, scholars agree that emotion is made up of several components namely physiological changes, non-verbal reactions, and cognitive interpretations of the communicators.