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INFORME

FORO “POR UNA ECONOMÍA CON CAPACIDAD DE RECUPERACIÓN PARA UNA

SOCIEDAD INCLUSIVA” DE LA ORGANIZACIÓN PARA LA COOPERACIÓN Y

DESARROLLO ECONÓMICOS (OCDE) REALIZADO EL 5 Y 6 DE MAYO DE 2014 EN

PARÍS, FRANCIA

Presenta: Sen. Laura Angélica Rojas Hernández.

13 de junio de 2014.

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ÍNDICE

I. ANTECEDENTES.

II. CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL EVENTO.

III. MOTIVACIÓN DEL EVENTO.

IV. LEGISLADORES PARTICIPANTES.

V. PROGRAMA DEL EVENTO.

VI. MINUTA O DOCUMENTOS CONCLUYENTES DEL EVENTO.

VII. CONCLUSIONES GENERALES.

VIII. ACCIONES DERIVADAS.

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I. ANTECEDENTES

Fundada en 1961, la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos

(OCDE) agrupa a 34 países miembros y su misión es promover políticas que mejoren el

bienestar económico y social de las personas alrededor del mundo.

En mayo de cada año, para coincidir con la Reunión Anual del Consejo Ministerial, se

celebra en París, Francia, el Foro de la OCDE el cual ha emergido como una reunión de

gran importancia internacional. Líderes de todos los sectores de la sociedad civil,

gubernamentales y parlamentarios se reúnen para debatir el mayor reto de la presión

social y económica que enfrente la sociedad.

Desde su creación en el 2000, más de 18,000 personas ya han intercambiado ideas y

experiencias en el marco de este Foro.

En 2013, se realizó el Foro Económico Internacional sobre América Latina y el Caribe en

París, Francia, el cual giró sobre el sexto año de la mayor crisis financiera, económica y

social de los últimos 50 años. Doscientos millones de personas desempleadas en todo el

mundo y la actividad económica aún tambaleante, los Gobiernos enfrentan el desafío de

fortalecer las finanzas públicas y, al mismo tiempo, impulsar el empleo, la protección de

los más vulnerables y la restauración del crecimiento.

Parte de los objetivos de estos foros anuales es informar sobre los logros alcanzados en

relación a las conclusiones alcanzadas el año anterior y la construcción de nuevas metas

que tenga como objetivo mejorar la economía, para mejorar la calidad de vida de la gente,

de forma sostenida y con responsabilidad global.

II. CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL EVENTO

El Foro 2014 de la OCDE, “Economías con Capacidad de Recuperación para Sociedades

Incluyentes”, se organizó en torno a tres temas transversales: el Crecimiento Inclusivo,

Empleos y Confianza, con el objeto de explorar la naturaleza multifacética de la capacidad

de recuperación y la manera de “repuntar hacia adelante” al abordar los retos

económicos, sociales y ambientales.

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La OCDE reconoce signos alentadores acerca del avance de la recuperación, aunque la

economía mundial permanece baja en comparación con el período anterior a la crisis.

También reconoce que a pesar de que el nivel de desempleo deberá disminuir

ligeramente este año, 48 millones de personas continúan desempleadas en los países de

la OCDE y 202 millones de personas se encuentran sin trabajo a nivel mundial.

En este sentido, los jóvenes y las personas poco calificadas han sido los más afectados, y

el desempleo juvenil mantiene altos niveles en muchos países. Las persistentes y

elevadas tasas de desempleo y los crecientes niveles de desigualdad han lesionado la

confianza de la gente no sólo en sus gobiernos, sino en el sistema en su conjunto.

Sobre la base de las discusiones anteriores, el Foro 2014 de la OCDE busca ofrecer la

oportunidad de reflexionar sobre lo manera en la que los gobiernos, las organizaciones

parlamentarias internacionales y los diferentes actores de la OCDE pueden contribuir a

desarrollar economías y sociedades con una mayor capacidad de recuperación.1

III. MOTIVACIÓN DEL EVENTO.

El objetivo fue participar e intercambiar opiniones y experiencias en los múltiples temas

abordados por expertos de la OCDE y en los cuales esta Organización, elabora

permanentemente análisis y emite recomendaciones a sus países miembros.

Uno de los objetivos particulares de la Delegación Mexicana, fue dar seguimiento a un

posible convenio con la OCDE para la Evaluación de Leyes que ya se ha implementado

en países como Chile y que busca conocer el impacto y los resultados arrojados por una

Ley en el momento de su aplicación. No solo se trata de conocer si ésta ha correspondido

a las expectativas que se han puesto en ella, sino realizar, en su caso, los ajustes

pertinentes.

El Secretario General ha ofrecido a senadores mexicanos de la presente Legislatura, la

experiencia de su Organización en diversos asuntos. Esto podría ser relevante en un

1 Centro de Estudios Internacionales Gilberto Bosques del Senado de la República, Serie Europa No. 43, México D.F. mayo de 2014.

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momento en el que nuestro país debate las diversas leyes reglamentarias que derivan de

las reformas estructurales recientemente aprobadas por el Congreso Mexicano.

IV. PARTICIPANTES.

El Senado de la República autorizó una delegación conformada por los siguientes

senadores:

· Sen. José Rosas Aispuro Torres.

· Sen. Mario Delgado Carrillo.

· Sen. Francisco de Paula Búrquez Valenzuela.

· Sen. Marco Antonio Blásquez Salinas.

· Sen. Héctor Larios Córdova.

· Sen. Laura Angélica Rojas Hernández.

V. PROGRAMA DEL EVENTO.

Programa del Foro “Por una Economía con Capacidad de Recuperación para una

Sociedad Inclusiva” de la Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos

(OCDE) realizado el 5 y 6 de Mayo de 2014 en París, Francia. (ANEXO 1)

VI. MINUTA O DOCUMENTOS CONCLUYENTES DEL EVENTO.

Si bien no existió un documento concluyente, la base de los diálogos del Foro fue el

documento “Impulsando la Resiliencia a través de la Administración Innovadora de los

Riesgos”. (ANEXO 2)

El discurso del Secretario General de la OCDE, José Angel Gurría, en el evento inaugural

del Foro, “Economías con Capacidad de Recuperación para Sociedades Incluyentes”, el 5

de mayo de 2014, condensa la relevancia del evento. (ANEXO 3)

VII. CONCLUSIONES GENERALES.

El Foro, acorde a los objetivos de la propia OCDE, buscó promover políticas tendientes a

realizar la mayor expansión posible de la economía y el empleo y un progreso en el nivel

de vida dentro de los países miembros, manteniendo la estabilidad financiera y

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contribuyendo así al desarrollo de la economía mundial, contribuir a una sana expansión

económica en los países miembros, así como no miembros, en vías de desarrollo

económico, y contribuir a la expansión del comercio mundial sobre una base multilateral y

no discriminatoria conforme a las obligaciones internacionales.

Igualmente, se estableció la necesidad de mejorar las condiciones del comercio de

servicios mediante un nuevo enfoque para cuantificar el grado de restricción de las

regulaciones que afectan a dicho comercio.

Las iniciativas impulsadas por la OCDE en el Foro para lograr la recuperación económica

se basan en los siguientes puntos:

1. Nuevos enfoques a los retos económicos (NAEC por sus siglas en inglés).

2. El crecimiento verde y el desarrollo sostenible (Greener).

3. El fortalecimiento del sistema multilateral de comercio.

4. Estrategia de Desarrollo de Clima de Negocios.

5. La promoción de un mejor clima de negocios.

6. Alianzas para la capacidad de recuperación global y el alcance global de la OCDE.

7. Desarrollo como empoderamiento.

8. Mejorar la eficiencia de la organización.

En el documento “Impulsando la Resiliencia a través de la Administración Innovadora de

los Riesgos” se señala que una planificación más eficaz para enfrentar los desastres

naturales y de origen humano que aumente la colaboración entre países y fomente a los

hogares y las empresas asumir mayor responsabilidad ayudaría a mejorar la resiliencia y

a reducir futuras pérdidas económicas.

Se espera que cada uno de los actores asistentes, participe activamente en alcanzar las

metas y objetivos señalados, que permitan la consolidación nacional de la economía, y

por ende, garantice una estabilidad económica mundial.

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VIII. ACCIONES DERIVADAS.

Presentación de una propuesta formal a la Mesa Directiva de la Cámara de Senadores,

para firmar un convenio con la OCDE sobre evaluación ex post de la legislación aprobada

en el Congreso de la Unión.

OECD Forum 2014 Programme

“Resilient Economies for Inclusive Societies” (Last update on 12 May 2014)

Monday 5 May

7:45-9:00 REGISTRATION

9:00-10:00 OECD FORUM OPENING SESSION

Master of Ceremony: Axel Threlfall, Lead Anchor, Reuters Keynote speeches - Alenka Bratušek, Prime Minister of the Republic of Slovenia - Jason Furman, Chairman, White House Council of Economic Advisers, United States - Angel Gurría, Secretary-General, OECD

10:00-10:15 NETWORKING BREAK

10:15-12:00 A. INCLUSIVE SOCIETIES Moderator: Monique Villa, CEO, Thomson Reuters Foundation

(1) Inclusive Growth - Xavier de Souza Briggs, Vice President of Economic Opportunity and Assets, Ford Foundation - Angel Gurría, Secretary-General, OECD Scene Setting - Stefano Scarpetta, Director, Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD (2) Quality Jobs & Inequality - Winnie Byanyima, Executive Director, Oxfam International - Jason Furman, Chairman, White House Council of Economic Advisers, United States - Philip J. Jennings, General Secretary, UNI Global Union - Michel Landel, CEO and Member of the Board of Directors, President of Executive Committee, Sodexo

B. THE SHARING ECONOMY

Moderator: Maithreyi Seetharaman, Anchor, ‘Real Economy’, Euronews Speakers - Sang Woo Kim, President, Corporate Affairs Europe, Samsung Electronics - Frédéric Mazzella, CEO, BlaBlaCar - Mariana Mazzucato, R.M.Phillips Professor in Economics of Innovation, University of Sussex (SPRU); Visiting

Professor in Economics of Innovation, Open University, United Kingdom - April Rinne, Chief Strategy Officer, Collaborative Lab - William Saito, Special Advisor, Cabinet Office, Japan

C. NETIZEN ENGAGEMENT & EMPOWERMENT Moderator: Shiv Malik, Journalist and Author, The Guardian

Scene Setting - Anthony Gooch, Director, Public Affairs and Communications, OECD Speakers - Ken Bluestone, Influencing and Advocacy Manager, Age International - Eva Majewski, Chairwoman, European Democrat Students

10:30-13:00 IDEAFACTORY – ADDRESSING THE TALENT GAP

Facilitator Enrico Giovannini, former Minister of Labour and Social Policies; Professor, Economics and Finance, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy Discussion leaders - John Hope Bryant, Founder, Chairman and CEO, Operation HOPE, United States - Jaap Buis, Public Affairs Manager, Randstad Holding nv - Olivier Crouzet, Director of Studies, Ecole 42, France - Yves Flückiger, Vice Rector, University of Geneva, Switzerland - Shea Gopaul, Executive Director, Global Apprenticeship Network - Colm Harmon, Head, School of Economics, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney,

Australia - Peter Jungen, Chairman, Peter Jungen Holding GmbH - David Nordfors, CEO, IIIJ; Chair, I4J Summit - Giuseppe Porcaro, Secretary General, European Youth Forum - Sergey Prikhodko, Executive Director, Gaidar Institute, Russian Federation - Steve Sargent, President and CEO, GE Australia & New Zealand; Chair, B20 Human Capital Task Force - Cristina Terra, Professor, School of Economics, FGV Foundation, Brazil - Thiébaut Weber, Confederal Secretary, CFDT, France

Closing Stefano Scarpetta, Director, Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD

12:00-13:30 A. LUNCH DEBATE: MIGRATION

Moderator: Ali Aslan, TV Host & Journalist, Deutsche Welle, Germany Speakers

- Laima Andrikiene, Member, European Parliament - Daniela Bobeva, Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Development, Republic of Bulgaria - Chukwu-Emeka Chikezie, Director, Up!-Africa Limited - Paul Collier, Director, Centre for the Study of African Economies, Professor of Economics and Public Policy,

Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, United Kingdom - Karl Cox, Vice-President, Public Policy and Corporate Affairs, Europe, Middle East and Africa, Oracle France - Jean-Christophe Dumont, Head, International Migration, Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD - Omar Munie, Designer, Omar Munie Clothing - Jan Niessen, Director, Migration Policy Group - Young-bum Park, President, Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training (KRIVET)

B. LUNCH DEBATE: GETTING CITIES RIGHT Moderator: A. Craig Copetas, Correspondent-at-Large, Quartz

Speakers - Rolf Alter, Director, Public Governance and Territorial Development, OECD - Ana Marie Argilagos, Senior Advisor to the Ford Foundation, Just Cities Initiative/Metropolitan Opportunity Unit,

United States - Thorsten Bauer, Founder and Creative Director, URBANSCREEN GmbH - John Beard, Director, Ageing and Life Course Programme, World Health Organization - Rob van Gijzel, Mayor, Eindhoven, The Netherlands - Maxim Lesur, Director Business Development in Public Sector, Microsoft France - Philippe Sajhau, Vice-President, "Smarter Cities", IBM France

C. PANEL WITH LUNCH: RE-USING FOOD

Moderator: Clotilde Dusoulier, Chef & Author, Chocolate & Zucchini Speakers - Shabnam Anvar, Founding Member, Disco Soupe - Thomas Jelley, Director, Sodexo Institute for Quality of Life - Masa Kogure, CEO & Founder, Table for Two

13:30-15:00 A. TAX FOR DEVELOPMENT Moderator: Zeinab Badawi, Presenter, World News Today, BBC World News (tbc) Scene Setting - Jon Lomøy, Director, Development Co-operation Directorate, OECD & Pascal Saint-Amans, Director, Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, OECD Speakers - Winnie Byanyima, Executive Director, Oxfam International - Mauricio Cárdenas, Minister of Finance and Public Credit, Colombia - John Christensen, Director, Tax Justice Network - Paul Collier, Director, Centre for the Study of African Economies, Professor of Economics and Public Policy,

Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, United Kingdom - Alan McLean, Deputy Chair, Committee on Taxation and Fiscal Policy, BIAC

B. AGEING (UN)EQUALLY? Moderator: Shiv Malik, Journalist and Author, The Guardian

Scene Setting - Yves Leterme, Deputy Secretary-General, OECD

(1) Ageing & Gender - Shinichi Abe, Managing Director, Enterprise Business, Google Japan - Ulf Kristersson, Minister for Social Security, Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, Sweden - Mateja Kožuh Novak, President, Slovenian Federation of Pensioners' Organizations (ZDUS) - Yukako Uchinaga, Board Chair, Japan Women’s Innovative Network (J-Win)

(2) 50+ Labour Market - Herman Nijns, CEO, Randstad Belgium - Katsutoshi Saito, Chairman, Dai-ichi Life; Vice-Chair, BIAC - Debra Whitman, Executive Vice-President, Policy, Strategy and International Affairs, AARP

C. THE CREATIVE ECONOMY

Moderator: Joohee Cho, Seoul Bureau Chief and Correspondent, ABC News Scene Setting - Dirk Pilat, Deputy Director, Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry Speakers - Rob van Gijzel, Mayor, Eindhoven, The Netherlands - Randa Grob-Zakhary, CEO, LEGO Foundation - Seong Ju Kang, Director General, Ministry of Science and Technology, ICT and Future Planning, Korea - Charles Rivkin, Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs, United States


15:15-16:45 A. HEALTH & INNOVATION

Moderator: Kenneth Cukier, Data editor, The Economist

Keynote Speech

- Shinya Yamanaka, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine; Professor & Director, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan Speakers - Monika Kosińska, Secretary-General, European Public Health Alliance (EPHA) - Helga Rohra, Chair, European Working Group of People with Dementia - Cyril Schiever, Senior Vice President & Managing Director, MSD France - Shinya Yamanaka, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine; Professor & Director, Center for iPS Cell Research

and Application, Kyoto University, Japan

B. SKILLS, EMPOWERMENT, RESILIENCE Moderator: Ali Aslan, TV Host & Journalist, Deutsche Welle, Germany Scene Setting - The Rt Hon David Willetts MP, Minister for Universities and Science, United Kingdom (1) Access to Skills - Randa Grob-Zakhary, CEO, LEGO Foundation - Vladimir Mau, Rector, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA) - Andreas Schleicher, Deputy Director and Special Adviser on Education Policy to the Secretary-General, OECD (2) Skills & the Digital Economy - Tyler Cowen, Holbert C. Harris Chair of Economics, George Mason University, United States - Anka Mulder, Vice-President for Education & Operations, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands - Bill Spriggs, Chief Economist, AFL-CIO - Dale J. Stephens, Founder, UnCollege

C. INSTITUTIONAL (IN)COMPETENCE: 21ST CENTURY POLITICS Moderator: Philip Coggan, Buttonwood Columnist and capital markets Editor, The Economist - Tim Costello, CEO, World Vision Australia; Leader, C20 - John Evans, General Secretary, TUAC - Drago Kos, Chairman, OECD Working Group on Bribery - Pascal Lamy, former Director-General, World Trade Organization; Chairman, Oxford Martin Commission for

Future Generations


15:30-18:30 IDEAFACTORY – A NEW AGE

Opening - Ken Bluestone, Influencing and Advocacy Manager, Age International - Thomas Jelley, Director, Sodexo Institute for Quality of Life - Anne-Sophie Parent, Secretary General, AGE - Jacques Séguéla, Business Person and Author Discussion leaders - John Beard, Director, Ageing and Life Course Programme, World Health Organization - Daniela Bobeva, Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Development, Republic of Bulgaria - Ricardo Ibarra, President, Spanish Youth Council (CJE) - Marie-Louise Knuppert, Vice President, TUAC; Elected Confederal Secretary, Danish Confederation of Trade

Unions (LO-DK) - Juan Lozano Tovar, Secretary General, Inter-American Conference on Social Security (CISS) - Niku Määttänen, Research supervisor, Research Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA) - Robert Skidelsky, Emeritus Professor of Political Economy, University of Warwick, United Kingdom - Lorraine K. Tyler, Head, Centre for Speech, Language and the Brain; Head, Cambridge Centre for Ageing and

Neuroscience, United Kingdom - Yukako Uchinaga, Board Chair, Japan Women’s Innovative Network (J-Win) - Fabian Zuleeg, Chief Executive, European Policy Centre

17:00-18:30 A. IS INVESTING IN FOSSIL FUELS A RISKY BUSINESS?

Moderator: Simon Upton, Director, Environment, OECD Speakers - Andrei Gaidamaka, Vice President of Investor Relations, LUKOIL - Michel Gardel, Vice President, Communications, External & Environmental Affairs, Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA - Anthony Hobley, CEO, Carbon Tracker Initiative - Kumi Naidoo, Executive Director, Greenpeace International - Jeremy Oppenheim, Programme Director, New Climate Economy

B. FOCUS ON SOUTHEAST ASIA

Moderator: Hiroko Kuniya, Anchor, NHK Scene Setting - Angel Gurría, Secretary-General, OECD Speakers - Chatib Basri, Minister of Finance, Indonesia - Sun Chanthol, Minister of Commerce, Cambodia - Gregory L. Domingo, Minister of Trade, Philippines - Tim Groser, Minister of Trade, Minister for Climate Change Issues and Associate Minister Foreign Affairs, New

Zealand - Chandran Nair, Founder and Chief Executive, Global Institute For Tomorrow (GIFT) - Soichiro Sakuma, Representative Director & Executive Vice President, Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal

Corporation; Vice-Chair, Committee on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises, BIAC - Thongloun Sisoulith, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Laos - Kan Zaw, Minister for National Planning and Economic Development, Republic of the Union of Myanmar

C. SAFETY & RISK IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY Moderator: Kenneth Cukier, Data editor, The Economist

Scene Setting - Andrew Wyckoff, Director, Science, Technology and Industry, OECD Speakers - Eric Boustouller, President Western Europe, Microsoft - Peter Hustinx, European Data Protection Supervisor - Gus Hosein, Executive Director, Privacy International - Sarah Spiekermann, Professor for Information Systems; Chair, Institute for Management Information Systems,

Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria

18:30 RECEPTION

Tuesday 6 May

7:45-8:30 REGISTRATION

8:30-9:30 DEFINING RESILIENCE

Moderator: Yoichi Takita, Senior Staff Writer, Nikkei Speakers - Shinichi Abe, Managing Director, Enterprise Business, Google Japan - Nobuaki Koga, President, Japanese Trade Union Confederation (RENGO) - Yoko Tsurimaki & Kohei Oyama, Students, Tohoku School, Japan - Margareta Wahlström, United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Disaster Risk

Reduction

9:00-12:00 IDEAFACTORY – THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET

Discussion leaders - Gustav Ahlsson, Deputy State Secretary, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Sweden - François Barrault, Chairman, IDATE - Yuko Harayama, Executive Member, Council for Science and Technology Policy, Cabinet Office, Japan - Christian Horchert, IT Specialist, Chaos Computer Club (CCC) - Gus Hosein, Executive Director, Privacy International - Jens-Henrik Jeppesen, Representative and Director for European Affairs, Center for Democracy and Technology - Seong Ju Kang, Director General, Ministry of Science and Technology, ICT and Future Planning, Korea - Frédéric Massé, Vice-President, EMEA Government Relations, SAP - David Nordfors, CEO; Chair, I4J Summit - Kostas Rossoglou, Senior Legal Officer, BEUC - Jean-Jacques Sahel, Vice President of Stakeholder Engagement for Europe, ICANN - Sarah Spiekermann, Professor for Information Systems; Chair, Institute for Management Information Systems,

Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria - Arun Sundararajan, Professor, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University, United States - Pastora Valero, Director, EU Public Policy, Cisco; Chair, Digital Economy Committee, AmCham EU - James Waterworth, Vice-President, Europe, Computer and Communications Industry Association (CCIA)

9:45-10:20 KEYNOTE ADDRESS BY MINISTERIAL COUNCIL MEETING (MCM) CHAIR AMPHITHEATRE 1

- Shinzō Abe, Prime Minister, Japan

10:20-10:50 CEREMONY FOR THE FORMAL LAUNCH OF THE OECD SOUTHEAST ASIA PROGRAMME Master of Ceremony: Axel Threlfall, Lead Anchor, Reuters

11:00-11:40 PRESENTATION OF THE ECONOMIC OUTLOOK AMPHITHEATRE 1

Moderator: Stephen Sedgwick, Anchor, CNBC Speakers - Angel Gurría, Secretary-General, OECD - Rintaro Tamaki, Deputy Secretary-General, Acting Chief Economist, OECD

11:45-12:45 ECONOMIC OUTLOOK DEBATE

AMPHITHEATRE 1

Moderator: Stephen Sedgwick, Anchor, CNBC

Speakers - Akira Amari, Minister in charge of Economic Revitalization, Minister of State for Economic and Fiscal Policy,

Japan - Ali Babacan, Deputy Prime Minister for Economic and Financial Affairs, Turkey (tbc) - Phil O'Reilly, Chair, BIAC; Chief Executive Officer, BusinessNZ - Richard Trumka, President, TUAC; President, AFL-CIO


13:00-14:30 A. LUNCH DEBATE: INCLUSIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP (50+, WOMEN, YOUTH, MIGRANTS)

Moderator: Alan Wheatley, Journalist and Author (tbc)

Speakers - Neveen El-Tahri, Chairperson and Managing Director, Delta Shield for Investment; Co-Chair, OECD MENA

Women's Business Forum - Reinhard Cordes, CEO & Owner, ONLYGLASS GMBH - Kamel Haddar, CEO, Origin Partners; Entrepreneur and Co-Founder, ATLAS - Matthew Hancock, Minister for Skills and Enterprise, United Kingdom - Patricia Lahy-Engel, Director, TheHive Startup Accelerator, Gvahim, Israel - Omar Munie, Designer, Omar Munie Clothing - Navi Radjou, Fellow, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom - William Saito, Special Advisor, Cabinet Office, Japan

B. PANEL WITH LUNCH: DISCUSSION ON FORESIGHT: WHAT IF?

Moderator: Angela Wilkinson, Counsellor for Strategic Foresight, OECD Speakers - Jim Clarken, Executive Director, Oxfam Ireland - Burkhard Gnärig, Executive Director, International Civil Society Center - Robert Johnson, Executive Director, Institute for New Economic Thinking (INET) - Margareta Wahlström, United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Disaster Risk

Reduction


15:00-16:30 A. THE FUTURE OF TRADE Moderator: Shawn Donnan, World Trade Editor, Financial Times

Speakers - Roberto Carvalho de Azevêdo, Director-General, World Trade Organization - James Bacchus, Chair, Commission on Trade and Investment Policy, International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) - Sharan Burrow, General Secretary, International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) - Tim Groser, Minister of Trade, Minister for Climate Change Issues and Associate Minister Foreign Affairs, New

Zealand - Peter M. Robinson, President and CEO, United States Council for International Business (USCIB) - Tadayuki Nagashima, Executive Vice-President, Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO)

B. CAN WE BANK ON BANKS? Moderator: Faisal Islam, Economics Editor, Channel 4 Speakers - Bjarni Benediktsson, Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs, Iceland - John Hope Bryant, Founder, Chairman and CEO, Operation HOPE, United States - Diane Coyle, Professor of Economics, University of Manchester ; Director, Enlightenment Economics - Guillermo de la Dehesa, Chairman, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)

- Dennis Snower, President, Kiel Institute for the World Economy

16:30-17:00 OECD FORUM CLOSING SESSION

Executive Summary

OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies:

Boosting Resilience through Innovative Risk Governance

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Photo credits: © Vector Market /Shutterstock.com, © Shico /Shutterstock.com

© OECD 2014

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY– 3

BOOSTING RESILIENCE THROUGH INNOVATIVE RISK GOVERNANCE © OECD 2014

Executive Summary

Why Resilience matters

Despite progress in reducing impacts from disasters, their socio-economic costs

in OECD countries are still considerable.

During the last decade OECD and BRIC countries have experienced an estimated

USD 1.5 trillion in economic damages from disruptive shocks stemming from natural

risks such as storms or floods as well as man-made risks like industrial accidents or

terrorist attacks (Figure 1). These destructive events may not have occurred with any

more frequency than in previous years, but the unprecedented extent of damages

accentuates greater economic and societal vulnerability in OECD member countries. The

scale of recent impacts has raised questions about whether OECD countries could have

made more progress in their risk management systems to increase resilience against such

shocks through better risk prevention and mitigation.

Figure 1. Economic losses due to disasters in OECD and BRIC countries, 1980-2012

(USD Billion)

Source: EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database – www.emdat.be – Université

catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgium

Single shocks have caused damages in excess of 20 percent of national GDP, such as

the recent earthquakes in New Zealand and Chile, forcing governments to raise their debt

ceiling or increase taxes. Also, major shocks are no longer confined to single places, but

rather cascade globally as demonstrated by the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011.

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4 – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


Disruptive shocks risk undermining trust in governments

Previous neglects in resilience measures that became apparent during a major shock

have had disproportionately negative effects on trust in governments, forcing them to take

drastic actions to restore confidence, including the resignation of senior government

officials. Others include expensive spending measures to restore trust among citizens.

After the attacks of 9/11 the United States government injected liquidity in banks, which

was an essential measure to restore confidence among bank account holders.

Rather than eroding trust, disruptive shocks can and should be an opportunity for

governments to showcase prospective governance based on long-term commitments to

protect citizens. Governments have a great window of opportunity to strengthen citizen

trust in their ability to prevent or mitigate the negative impacts of large-scale disruptive

events by promoting and communicating the efforts they engage in prior to a shock.

The increasing trend in economic damages is driven by a number of socio-

economic factors

Disruptive shocks have occurred more frequently over the past decades but, perhaps

more importantly, they have seen a significant increase in intensity and complexity.

Among the factors driving the surge in intensity of shocks are the increasing

concentrations of people, especially a growing number of vulnerable populations (Figure

2), such as marginalised and elderly, and economic assets in risk prone areas. Accelerated

urbanisation and increased global economic integration (Box 1), facilitated by transport

mobility and communication, have equally contributed to the surge in intensity of

disruptive shocks. Global value chains have acted as a vector for propagating risks across

borders. Failure of one country to identify and manage a major risk can have tremendous

impacts on other countries which have been observed in recent major shocks (Box 1).

Figure 2. Percentage of population aged 65 and over across OECD countries

Source: OECD (2009), OECD Factbook 2009: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – 5


Box 1. Global value chains as vectors for propagating risks

An example of how local disruptive shocks can have cascading global effects is demonstrated by

global value chains. The Great East Japanese Earthquake, the Thailand Floods, droughts suffered in the

United States have recently demonstrated how such shocks can indirectly, but rapidly and significantly

have global impacts:

· The Great East Japanese Earthquake in 2011 caused disastrous impacts not only in Japan, it led

to slowdowns in the global automotive and electronics industries which rely on Japan for inputs

to their value chains. For example, car manufacturers in Detroit were affected when Renesas, a

large supplier of microchip controllers in Japan, halted production due to the destruction of its

factory. Single sourcing was equally the root cause of a global disruption in the supply of car

paint due to a factory that was destroyed in North East Japan. The supplier supplied 100 % of

global car paint demand, leading to major disruptions in car supply chains worldwide.

· The floods that affected the Bangkok metropolitan area in Thailand in 2011 hit a particularly

indutstrialised part of the city, where more than 1 000 factories were affected. Forty-five % of

the world’s manufacturing capacity of computer hard disk drives are produced in the affected

area. It is estimated that global hard drive supply saw a decrease of 30 % that year.

· The severe and prolonged drought in the United States that is estimated to have started in 2012

and that lasted until 2013 has had severe economic impacts. The low water levels in the

Mississippi River, for example, where USD 180 billion worth of goods are moved every year,

forced barges to reduce the amount of cargo they can carry by two-thirds of their usual load.

Global value chain participation index across OECD countries

Sources: OECD (2013b), Interconnected Economies: Benefiting from Global Value Chains, OECD Publishing.

doi: 10.1787/9789264189560-en; WEF (2012a), “Global Risks 2012”, World Economic Forum, Geneva,

www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalRisks_Report_2012.pdf; WEF (2012b), “New Models for Addressing

Supply Chain and Transport Risk”, World Economic Forum, Geneva, www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_SCT_RRN_

NewModelsAddressingSupplyChainTransportRisk_IndustryAgenda_2012.pdf, Mirdoudot, S. and K. De Backer

(2012), “Mapping Global Value Chains”.

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Countries must improve resilience to disasters against the backdrop of

mounting social economic costs

OECD countries have made substantial progress in achieving resilience…

· Relatively high income levels across the OECD largely contributed to

reducing fatality rates from disasters (Figure 3 and 4): Past disruptive

shocks have advanced OECD countries’ understanding of how risk can be

prevented and mitigated, and how preparedness, emergency response,

rehabilitation and recovery from shocks can be improved to increase resilience

and lower fatality rates.

Figure 3. Fatality rates versus economic damages from disasters during 1995-2010

Source: EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database – www.emdat.be – Université

catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgium; OECD Statistics Database - http://stats.oecd.org/ - GDP per

head in 2012, USD Billion, constant prices (2005)

· The level of risk awareness and information sharing is high: These have

been fostered through public information campaigns and integration of risk

management tenets in the standard curricula of education institutions. The

incorporation of resilience in the national science and research agendas in the

great majority of OECD countries has fostered a culture of safety and resilience.

· Central government leadership is vital: Most OECD countries have

emphasised strong central leadership by either the Prime Minister’s office or

equivalent, or by central co-ordinating bodies to ensure critical risks are

managed, and investments to reduce them, supported at the highest political

level.

· Successful mainstreaming of risk management policies across sectors

and administrative level: Nearly all OECD countries systematically consider

disaster risk in sectoral public investment strategies and planning. The

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importance attributed to the local level is reflected by the establishment of legal

frameworks for local responsibilities, including risk sensitive regulation in land

zoning and private real estate development.

Figure 4. Significant decrease in fatality rates from disasters with increasing income

Sources: EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels,

Belgium, www.emdat.be (accessed 14 November 2013); Heston A. et al. (2011), “Penn World Table Version 7.0”,

Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices at the University of Pennsylvania,

https://pwt.sas.upenn.edu/php_site/pwt_index.php (accessed 15 January 2014); OECD (2013d), “Gross domestic product

(GDP) MetaData : GDP per capita, USD, constant prices, reference year 2005”, OECD National Accounts Statistics

(database), http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/na-data-en (accessed 14 November 2013).

… But significant gaps have been made apparent during past disasters…

… on the part of the government…

· Regulatory reform: Risk regulations have

often not kept in pace with changing risk

environments. For example, the earthquake

of L’Aquila showed that building codes

were not adapted to new housing design, or

rigid air safety regulations during the

volcanic eruption in Iceland in 2010 caused

significant losses to the aviation industry

that might have been avoided otherwise.

Australia

Bangladesh

Bolivia Chile

Costa Rica

Egypt

Estonia

Ethiopia

Fiji Finland

France Germany

Greece

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Indonesia Iran

Italy

Jamaica

Japan

Kenya Madagascar Malawi

Mexico

Mozambique

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Portugal

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Thailand Turkey

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· Enforcement: Shortcomings in enforcing risk regulations is omnipresent. For

example, despite known hazard exposure there have been increases in population

around the Vesuvius Volcano in Italy. In Mexico, informal construction of

houses in Mexico undermine good risk management planning practices.

…but also among non-governmental

stakeholders

· Business continuity planning: Businesses have shown to underinvest in

disaster prevention. For example, the

Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011

caused nearly 700 businesses to go

bankrupt and the UK Summer floods in

2007 created an average of 9 days of

business interruption.

· Global supply chains: Events such as the Great East Japan Earthquake or the

floods in Thailand have highlighted the vulnerability of current supply chain

systems, where the disruption in a critical element of the chain led to the shut-

down of entire manufacturing processes (Box 1).

· Individuals and households have consistently underinvested in protecting their

own assets, despite being aware of their exposure to risks. After the major

Marmara earthquake in 1999 only one-fifth of Istanbul’s population had taken

some preventive action as a result of this. Similarly, after the major floods in

Germany in 2002, 30 % of the directly affected citizens would still not consider

purchasing flood insurance for better individual protection in the future.

Hurricane Sandy in New York City in 2012 also revealed persistent under-

investment by individuals.

Why do resilience gaps persist?

Shortcomings in the provision of resilience measures are often rooted in the

existing risk governance frameworks

The decision of an individual household not to build protection against floods or

take up insurance may depend on the expectation of the government in doing so for them.

A local government’s decision to not invest in a protective dam may be undermined by

other communities not contributing to the costs, but enjoying the benefits. Central

government actors may be reluctant to invest more in resilience, because costs are visible

in the present but benefits may or may not materialize in the future. It is crucial to

identify such incentive barriers and address them if resilience against future disruptive

shocks was to be boosted.

Addressing disincentives for engaging in resilience

This report proposes a framework that helps identify bottlenecks to resilience

engagements in existing risk governance frameworks. It is based on the definition of

basic resilience targets and their achievements at the status quo. The mapping of the

institutional landscape, including all responsible actors, their current engagement and



their respective motivation, incentives, as well as power relationships seeks to reveal the

driving forces underlying the existing gaps. The identified shortcomings provide

information to adjust the institutional and governance arrangements to unleash the

engagement of all actors towards higher levels of resilience.

Figure 5. Diagnostic framework to boost resilience

Source: adapted from Fritz, V. et al. (2009), “Problem-Driven Governance and Political Economy Analysis. Good Practice

Framework”, The World Bank, Washington D.C.

Defining the resilience target

Identifying the gaps in the status quo: Shortcomings in current risk reduction measures

What are the

existing gaps at

the level of:

• Government (macro)

• Businesses and sectors (meso)

• Individuals and households (micro)

Evidence of gaps in each

category of resilience measures:

• Technical, engineering, biological, socio-economic, planning and regulatory measures

• Risk awareness • Risk financing • International collaboration

Examples:

• Infrastructure has not been adapted at the same pace as regulatory reforms

• Building code and land use regulations are not enforced

• Business continuity planning is not practiced at the meso-level

• Low take-up of individual risk protection measures

Understanding the context

Institutional and

governance

arrangements

and capacities

What are the associated

institutional and governance

arrangements and capacities:

• Who is responsible (macro, meso, micro) for providing the different risk reduction measures?

• What is each actor supposed to provide?

• Does each actor have the relevant expertise and financial resources to carry out the task?

Mapping of:

• Responsible actors, branches of government, ministries, agencies, private sector actors (insurers), regulatory and planning authorities, critical infrastructure providers, households

• Existing laws and regulations • Policy processes (formal rules and de facto) • Policy verification processes and tools

(monitoring and evaluation, oversight bodies)

Identifying the drivers

Understanding

the political

economy drivers

How can current deficiencies be

explained?

• What are the incentives and motivations for each actor’s

contribution (or lack thereof) to increasing resilience?

Analysis of:

• Stakeholders: understanding the financial, political, personal, motivations

• Incentives for commitments (or lack thereof), collective action, information asymmetries, principal-agent relationships, heuristics and biases, rent-seeking behaviour

• Types of relationships between actors and their power relations



Key policy recommendations – How to make resilience happen

Governments should not wait for the next disaster to happen

Making reform happen is a needed and welcome change; however aiming to do so

before a disaster occurs is more effective and efficient. Although past disasters have

unleashed risk governance reforms that saw previous implementation hurdles, they came

at a very high cost. Reforms following the aftermath of a disaster are often rushed and

resources spent swiftly, without a thorough needs assessment. All of this underscores the

importance of making reform happen before the onset of disasters, and not waiting until

other, more devastating, events occur.

Towards a frame of reference to boost resilience

Raising awareness of critical risks in order to mobilise households, businesses and

international stakeholders is crucial to foster investment in risk prevention and mitigation.

Governments should establish an institutional environment that incentivises all actors to

contribute to boosting resilience. The role and responsibility of each actor should be

acknowledged in contributing to the common goal of boosting resilience. This builds on

the recognition that collecting and sharing information on existing risks as well as on the

exposure to risks and underlying drivers of risk, is crucial. Governments can engage in a

number of concrete measures to enhance their own resilience actions for and to also

strengthen the engagement of private and non-governmental stakeholders.

· Inclusiveness: Adopt a whole-of-society approach to engage all actors in

strengthening resilience. Such a strategy is essential to align responsible risk

actors and their institutional frameworks.

· Risk ownership: Implement a framework that determines who “owns” a risk, or

who is responsible for sharing the responsibility and management of a risk and

which also clarifies accountability and liability for damages to third parties.

Foster the role of risk ownership by increasing risk communication, raising

awareness, engaging in risk dialogues among all stakeholders and owners and

managers of risks.

· Rewards: Build a culture of rewards that encourages pro-active behaviour to

increase resilience. Compare the management of risks to a business strategy,

where the emphasis is placed on achieving objectives rather than avoiding bad

outcomes.

· Trust: Emphasize the role of trust already prior to disasters to avoid costly

measures to restore trust in the aftermath of an event. Transparency and

accountability in managing resilience are key factors to maintaining trust in the

long-run.

· Cooperation: Encourage joint action through international collaboration, public-

private partnerships and across governmental sectors and levels to address the

trans-boundary and complex nature of future risks.



· Sharing: Increase the collection and sharing of risk information by taking

advantage of „Big Data“. Triangulate information from governments and the

private sector as well as use crowding information from web-based sources.

· Monitoring: Ensure resilience measures adapt to changing risk patterns by

monitoring and evaluation risk trends and efforts based on multi-hazard analyses.

Monitoring and evaluation systems should consider evolving risk patterns,

including demographic, economic, technological, and environmental drivers, as

well as their inter-dependencies and potential cascading impacts.

The OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Critical Risks

To promote good practices in risk management in general, and in ex-ante

engagement to increase resilience through prevention and mitigation in particular, the

OECD has elaborated a draft Recommendation of the Council on the Governance of

Critical Risks. The draft Recommendation is designed to assist governments, policy

makers and senior officials charged with developing and maintaining robust risk

management frameworks and their implementation. The conclusions of this report and the

elaboration of the draft Recommendation will both contribute towards establishing a

catalogue of criteria to assess the achievements made in OECD countries in implementing

the advice set out in the draft Recommendation.

Let’s Make Wisdom Matter! Resilient Economies for

Inclusive Societies

Opening Remarks by Angel Gurría, OECD Secretary-General, delivered at the OECD Forum 2014

Paris, 5 May 2014 – 09h00

(As prepared for delivery)

Prime Minister Bratušek, Mr. Furman, Ministers, Ambassadors, Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome to the 2014 OECD Forum. Welcome to the OECD Week. Welcome to this quest towards more Resilient Economies for More Inclusive Societies. I cannot think of more urgent endeavours in the realm of public policy and human well-being.

The great Gabriel García Márquez, our dear, recently departed Gabo, who is now surely in Macondo having a coffee with Colonel Aureliano Buendía, once wrote: “La sabiduría nos llega cuando ya no sirve para nada”. “Wisdom arrives to us when it’s no longer useful”. This Forum is an attempt to challenge that warning. After six years of crisis, the world needs our wisdom, our inspiration, our new ideas, now. There are billions of people waiting for that new idea, and that new idea can be born here at the OECD, in these three days. This is a timely meeting. The global economy is showing important signs of progress. Global GDP is expected to grow by close to 3.5% in 2014 and close to 4% in 2015. Global trade is growing again, with forecasts of 4.7% and 5.3% for 2014 and 2015. Global development aid rebounded last year to reach the highest level ever recorded. This is certainly good news. But it is not enough.

It is still not enough to bring the 202 million unemployed back to a decent job. This is not enough, when we have 73 million youngsters out of work. This is not enough, when inequalities in many countries are now growing faster than before the crisis. And this is certainly not enough, when trust in leaders, governments, parliaments, corporations, banks, rating agencies, regulators and media, is eroding and reaching record lows. This crisis should be a game-changer. We cannot go back to business as usual, to the same active inertia where high net worth individuals and multinationals don’t contribute their fair share to society; where the vulnerabilities of financial systems are camouflaged; where speculation and leverage keep flying high; and where some policy-makers and economists are still clinging to economic models that have been proven obsolete, wrong or unsustainable.

It is time to imagine a new type of growth that is focused on the wellbeing of people, on the benefits of equitable societies, on the trade-offs and complementarities of different policies in favour of human progress. I am talking about what we at the OECD call Inclusive Growth, one of the three main topics of this Forum and a central discussion in our 2014 MCM.

What do we mean by Inclusive Growth? Well, basically that economic growth should deliver better living

standards for all, and that increased prosperity must imply better social outcomes and greater well-being. A substantial commitment to social inclusion is imperative to achieving sustainable economic growth in the 21st century. With the right tools and policies, we can make it happen. The OECD’s Inclusive Growth Initiative takes up the

challenge. It aims to enhance policy makers’ understanding of the adverse effects of rising inequality on growth, and turn inclusiveness into a driver of stronger economic performance.

The second topic of this Forum is Jobs. This is still the centre of gravity of the crisis. The crisis destroyed

nearly 14 million jobs across OECD countries. In spite of recent progress, many of our countries are still facing unacceptably high levels of unemployment. A large segment of the unemployed are under 25. A worrying number has been out of work for more than a year. In the Euro area, by the end of 2013, one in two unemployed persons was out of work for 12 months or more (that's 17 million people). Fixing this deplorable situation implies some of the most complex policy challenges: How to create more decent jobs when companies are sitting on liquidity worth hundreds of billions of uninvested dollars? How to better help the unemployed to re-connect with the labour market when their skills are eroding fast? What kind of labour market rules can help us reduce inequality in a systemic way? We are here to address these issues. The OECD is helping governments tackle weak labour market adaptability and inadequate skills development. We are monitoring labour markets, training policy responses and migration trends. And we are accelerating our work to deal with youth unemployment with the OECD’s “Giving Youth a Better Start”.

If education and training don’t improve the lives of our youth, because at the end of these efforts they face the unemployment cliff, we will be undermining the most important value for any democracy and any market economy: trust!

This is the third topic that we will address in this Forum. One of the heaviest legacies of the crisis is the erosion of public trust to historically low levels. The 2014 Edelman Trust Barometer puts global trust in governments

at 44%, with record lows in places like France (with 32%), Mexico (28%) and Poland (19%). These are alarming numbers. The “evaporation of trust” in key institutions, weakens our democracies, erodes social cohesion, makes reform more difficult and damages economic growth. The OECD has a duty and a responsibility in reinvigorating trust. This Forum will give us the opportunity to test and enrich our work on key areas for public trust, like open and inclusive government, fair and transparent tax rules, anti-corruption policies, financial regulation, financial inclusion, and long term-investments. These are enormously important tools to recover trust in governments and leaders. As Diane Coyle wrote in a blog for this Forum: “we will only be able to make the necessary difficult decisions if there is enough trust in those whose job is to lead us.”

To achieve these goals it is also essential that we improve the productivity and the competitiveness of our economies. This is why we are also dealing with the overhauling of tax systems, the better understanding of Global Value Chains, the role of Knowledge Based Capital and the transition to greener economies. We need to look beyond a quick recovery fix to lay the foundations of a new type of growth that makes these crises impossible. So we will have to challenge conventional knowledge. We will need new economic thinking and acting. This is why the OECD has launched its New Approaches to Economic Challenges Initiative (NAEC), to revise our economics, to question the established models and improve our policy advice. After all:

hat is the point of economics if not to improve people’s lives? What is the point of economic policy if not to build more inclusive and harmonious societies? What is the value of international cooperation if not to share our knowledge to raise the living standards of the most vulnerable? Sometimes the simplest questions will generate the biggest truths!

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Please join me in thanking all the people that have made this encounter possible, the sponsors, the speakers and moderators, the interpreters, the technicians, the camera-men, the photographers, and all the OECD members and staff who have worked day and night to have everything ready today. Thanks also to the Japanese Chairman of the MCM who has also been present and supportive of this undertaking. Let’s make the most of this OECD Week to help our countries build more resilient economies and more inclusive societies. I encourage you to actively participate in our panels, IdeaFactories, in our Discovery Lab, and in the new edition of the Better Life Index. Feel free, speak out, dare to get it wrong, get it right, get it! Let’s prove Garcia Marquez wrong: let’s make wisdom count… today!

Have a great Forum! Thank you!

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