improving construction industry safety marton marosszeky acci - unsw [email protected]
Post on 19-Dec-2015
215 views
TRANSCRIPT
ACCI Safety Research 2
Accidents in Australia
• In 1995 / 96 figures in NSW– construction 53.9/1000
workers
– mining 76.2/1000 workers
– industry average 27.4/1000 workers
ACCI Safety Research 3
Safety Research at ACCI
Trade specific Hazard Profiles.
Standardized documents
Techniques for risk assessment
Site Safety Meter technique.
ACCI Safety Research 4
Hazard Profile Development
Initial focus on highest risks demolition & roofing
Next stage covered 7 other trade packages
concreting, reo, formwork, plumbing, electrical,
masonry & scaffolding
ACCI Safety Research 5
Development Process
Iterative process with industry
Identified discrete activities
Identified hazards for each
Developed strategies to manage
each hazard
6ACCI Safety Research
Hazard Profile
HAZARD Risk1 Risk 2 Risk 3
Hazard 1
Hazard 2
Hazard 3
7ACCI Safety Research
Hazard Profile Development
HAZARD Risk1 Risk 2 Risk 3
touching an burns fall death
electrical leading by
wire from to arm elect’n
a ladder broken
ACCI Safety Research 8
RISKS IN DEMOLITION
• By a numerical method (Fines)
• Risk ratings widely scattered
• achieved greater transparency by
modifying graphical approach
(Kinney and Wirruth)
ACCI Safety Research 9
Fine’s Method
• Risk rating R=C*E*P
– =Consequence*Exposure*Probability
ACCI Safety Research 10
Fine’s Criteria
• Very high >350
• High 180 - 350
• Substantial 70 - 180
• Moderate 20 - 70
• Acceptable <20
ACCI Safety Research 11
Committee Rating Variation
• Rating for an electric shock from a temporary connection– 1 150 substantial– 2 100 substantial– 3 450 very high– 4 6000 very high **
– ** this value was ignored as the descriptions were misunderstood
ACCI Safety Research 12
Exposure (frequency of the occurrence of the hazard event)
Continuously (or many times daily) 10
Frequently (approximately once daily) 6
Occasionally (from once a week to once a month) 3
Unusually (from once per month to once per year)2
Rarely (it has been known to occur) 1
Remotely possible (not known to have occurred) 0.5
ACCI Safety Research 13
.Consequences (most probable result of the potential hazard)
Catastrophe; numerous fatalities; damage over $1,000,000; major disruption of activities 100
Multiple fatalities; damage $400,000 to $1,000,000; 50
Fatality, damage $100,000 to $500,000; 25
Extremely serious injury (amputation, perm’t disability); damage $1,000 to $100,000; 15
Disabling injury; damage up to $1,000; 5
Minor cuts, bruises, bumps; minor damage. 1
ACCI Safety Research 14
Probability (Likelihood that accident sequence will follow hazard
event)
• The complete accident sequence:Is the most likely and expected result if the hazard-
event takes place; 10Is quite possible, not unusual, has an even 50/50
chance; 6Would be an unusual sequence or coincidence; 3Would be a remotely possible coincidence; 1Has never happened after many years of exposure, but
is conceivably possible; 0.5Practically impossible sequence (has never happened).
0.1
ACCI Safety Research 15
Variables
• Consequence agreement on
a fatality 50• Exposure 2 selected 1rare
1 selected 3occasionally
• Probability 2 selected 3unusual but possible
1 selected 1remotely possible
16ACCI Safety Research
Student Risk RatingRisk rating for truck driver alighting from
a parked truck
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Acc
ept
Mod
'te
Sub
st
Hig
h
V H
igh
Rating
17ACCI Safety Research
Subcontractor Risk RatingRisk rating for truck driver alighting from
a parked truck
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Acc
ept
Mod
'te
Sub
st
Hig
h
V H
igh
Rating
ACCI Safety Research 18
Experience re Fine’s Method
• Process lacks transparency
• Training in use needed
• R is influenced by subjectivity
• Unacceptable variability in
ratings is unavoidable
ACCI Safety Research 19
Risk ratings - conclusions
• Both methods rely on subjective
judgements
• The graphical method makes these
judgements transparent
ACCI Safety Research 20
Current Approach
THREE LEVELS
• fatality
• serious injury
• minor injury
ACCI Safety Research 21
Standard Terminology and Documents
• Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
• Safe work method statement
• Work method statements
• Hazard analysis
• Risk analysis
ACCI Safety Research 22
Site Safety Meter
Based on the Finland TR Index
“Positive” rather than “Negative”.
Relatively objective & fast
% score
Graphical output
ACCI Safety Research 23
Site Safety Meter
Measures specific categories against a prescribed criteria.
Provides both behaviour and systems feedback on site safety performance.
ACCI Safety Research 24
Measures Specific Categories
FOR BUILDINGS Working habits Order and tidiness Electricity and lighting Scaffolding & ladders Edge protection, falls & falling Plant and equipment
ACCI Safety Research 25
Selection of Categories
Construction fatalities NSW 87/88 (154)Predominant causes: Falls from height. 41
(30%) Contact with electricity 32
(21%) Hit by moving object. 29
(19%) Hit by falling object. 23
(15%)
(Source: WorkCover NSW)
ACCI Safety Research 26
Method of measurement
Example-Cat 1 “Working Habits”
One reading / worker / area.
For a “correct” score, a person
uses PPE or safety
equipment correctly
harness attached near edge
ear & eye protection using
saw
ACCI Safety Research 27
Method of measurement
Example-Cat 4 “Scaffold & Ladders”
One obs/scaffold section & ladder/area For a “correct” score:
Adequately braced and tiedMobile assembled correctly, ladder, bracing & toeboards.No large gaps between perimeter edge and scaffold. Ladder tied off & angled correctly
ACCI Safety Research 28
Safety Score
Formula for Score as a %
correct readings * 100total readings
ACCI Safety Research 29
Feedback
ACCI Safety Research 30
Advantages
Provides “(+)”, not “(-) feedback.
Snapshot of safety environment
Stimulates the safety culture
ACCI Safety Research 31
Weaknesses Difficult to look beyond
negatives,
Risk class is not considered.
a site may score highly but still have a number of Class 1 (high) risk safety defects.
ACCI Safety Research 32
Preliminary trial results
8 companies & 13 sites60 site visits 10,000 data
Initial average SS 79%.After 12 months: Average score 85%.
33ACCI Safety Research
Category Description Average score56 site visits
Plant andEquipment
category 6 78%
Protection againstfalls and fallingobjects
category 5 81%
Electrical andlighting
category 3 83%
Scaffold andladders
category 4 85%
Working habits category 1 87%Order and tidiness category 2 91%
Prelim results by categories