IMPERIALISM IN ASIA

INDIA Crown jewel of Empire of Great Britain Link to East Asian Trade – China British East India Company

Combination of direct and indirect rule COTTON, tea, opium, rice, oil, jute, indigo RR, telegraph, electricity

Made GB focus on Egypt, Afghanistan (the Great Game), Burma, Malaya Buffer around India from France and Russia

Sepoy Mutiny Indian soldiers (Hindu and Muslim) rebelled

against British govt Began over rifle cartridges being greased with

pig or cow fat Long term cause – resentment of British

influence Violently repressed Effects:

India became royal colony under direct rule of British govt

Persia Region of competition between GB and

Russia Russia pressing for warm water access GB wanted to insulate India

Divided into spheres of influence N. Persia – Russia S. Persia – GB

EAST ASIA France

Indochina Various natural resources

Netherlands Dutch East Indies (Co.)

Oil, rubber, tin Great Britain

Australia Britain wanted to control access points to

Australia New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji Islands

CHINA 1842 – Treaty of Nanking – ended the First

Opium War between GB and China (Ching Dynasty) GB – right to trade at 5 Chinese ports GB citizens did not have to obey Chinese law GB continue opium trade

Beginning of China being divided into spheres of influence (foreign nations having special trade privileges in certain regions)

Taiping Rebellion (1850-1860) Chinese rebellion against foreign influence

and Chinese govt. Mostly peasants Put down by combination of GB and Chinese

armies

Spheres of Influence China divided into various spheres of

influence by differing European powers and Japan

Special trade concessions in each zone

1900 – BOXER REBELLION China divided into spheres of influence –

foreign nations dominated trade and major cities in China Chinese resented foreign influence over

economy and govt. Believed that Ching dynasty lost mandate of

heaven Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists –

“the Boxers” – secret society – rebelled against Ching govt. and foreign nations

Boxers targeted factories, churches, RR, telegraph stations in and around the city of Peking

Multinational foreign army defeated the Boxers and secured trade rights in China Increased nationalism in China

CHINA (CONT.) Other areas of contention: Manchuria – province in Northern China

Russia – wanted influence because of raw materials and city of Vladivostok

Japan – wanted influence because of raw materials

Liaotung peninsula (Port Arthur) Rivalry between Russia, Japan

Examine the maps on African and Asian imperialism and use your notes to determine the European rivalries of the late 19th century.