Chapter 25: Imperialism in Chapter 25: Imperialism in Africa, Asia, and PacificAfrica, Asia, and Pacific

Warm Up Chapter 24 Warm Up Chapter 24 1.1. Who became the leader of Egypt after the Who became the leader of Egypt after the

failure of the French, Mamluk, and the failure of the French, Mamluk, and the Ottomon governments?Ottomon governments?

A.A. Gamal NassarGamal Nassar

B.B. Mohandas GandhiMohandas Gandhi

C.C. Muhammad Ali JinnahMuhammad Ali Jinnah

D.D. Muhammad AliMuhammad Ali

2.2. The most persistent opponents of the The most persistent opponents of the Ottoman reforms were the Ottoman reforms were the

A.A. Hereditary elitesHereditary elites

B.B. JanissariesJanissaries

C.C. Peasants and agriculturalistsPeasants and agriculturalists

D.D. JesuitsJesuits

3.3. The significance of the Crimean War was The significance of the Crimean War was that itthat it

A.A. Marked the transition to modern warfare Marked the transition to modern warfare with the use of breech loading rifleswith the use of breech loading rifles

B.B. Was the first war that utilized battalions Was the first war that utilized battalions of African soldiers in Europeof African soldiers in Europe

C.C. Was the most destructive war in historyWas the most destructive war in history

D.D. Marked a brief return to chivalryMarked a brief return to chivalry

4.4. When Britain was unable to obtain enough tea to When Britain was unable to obtain enough tea to meet its demands and China did not import British meet its demands and China did not import British goods, the British responded bygoods, the British responded by

A.A. Starting the illicit trade of opiumStarting the illicit trade of opium

B.B. Supporting the Bannerman to overthrowSupporting the Bannerman to overthrow

C.C. Instigating the White Lotus RebellionInstigating the White Lotus Rebellion

D.D. Trying to destroy China’s production of silkTrying to destroy China’s production of silk

5.5. The British military advantage in the Opium War The British military advantage in the Opium War was provided bywas provided by

A.A. Poison gas attacksPoison gas attacks

B.B. New gunboatsNew gunboats

C.C. Machine gunMachine gun

D.D. Large numbers of troopsLarge numbers of troops

6.6. 3 problems with the Ottoman Empire3 problems with the Ottoman Empire

7.7. Why does Britain step in between Russia and the Why does Britain step in between Russia and the Ottomans?Ottomans?

8.8. Explain the Decembrist Revolts:Explain the Decembrist Revolts:

9.9. How does Neo Confucianism shatter in China?How does Neo Confucianism shatter in China?

10.10. 2 impacts of the Treaty of Nanjing:2 impacts of the Treaty of Nanjing:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJe1W_HIWmAv=OJe1W_HIWmA

I. Changes and Exchanges in AfricaI. Changes and Exchanges in Africa– A. New African StatesA. New African States– Drought causes conflict over farming and Drought causes conflict over farming and

grazing landsgrazing lands– Shaka the leader of the Zulu kingdom uses Shaka the leader of the Zulu kingdom uses

his military to expand his empire in Africahis military to expand his empire in Africa– Surrounding countries created their own Surrounding countries created their own

states to protect themselves against Shaka states to protect themselves against Shaka and the Zulu kingdomand the Zulu kingdom

– Muslim groups look to set up independent Muslim groups look to set up independent statesstates

– B. Modernization in Egypt and EthiopiaB. Modernization in Egypt and Ethiopia– Muhammad Ali’s grandson Ismail continues Muhammad Ali’s grandson Ismail continues

to westernize Egypt with money from the to westernize Egypt with money from the British and FrenchBritish and French

– Ismail constructs railroads and moves the Ismail constructs railroads and moves the capital to Cairocapital to Cairo

– Britain and France set up banks in parts of Britain and France set up banks in parts of the countrythe country

– Ethiopian kings purchase European Ethiopian kings purchase European weapons and make weapons locallyweapons and make weapons locally

Ismail IIsmail I

– C. European penetration C. European penetration – In 1830 France invades Algeria and 18 years In 1830 France invades Algeria and 18 years

later the French defeat Muslim resistancelater the French defeat Muslim resistance– By 1870 130,000 Europeans have occupied By 1870 130,000 Europeans have occupied

Algerian farmlandAlgerian farmland– David Livingstone arrives in Africa in 1841 David Livingstone arrives in Africa in 1841

and explores it for 30 yearsand explores it for 30 years– Henry Stanley is sent to find him and opens Henry Stanley is sent to find him and opens

up the Congo to European colonizationup the Congo to European colonization– The Congo divided between Belgium and The Congo divided between Belgium and

FranceFrance– The Congo Free State is not ruled by a The Congo Free State is not ruled by a

European country, but is instead claimed by European country, but is instead claimed by King Leopold II of BelgiumKing Leopold II of Belgium

LivingstoneLivingstone

StanleyStanley

Leopold IILeopold II

– King Leopold and the Congo:King Leopold and the Congo:– Leopold creates a personal fortune by Leopold creates a personal fortune by

exploiting the Congoexploiting the Congo– Forces his subjects in the Congo to extract Forces his subjects in the Congo to extract

rubber from the rubber treesrubber from the rubber trees– Millions die due to overwork, disease, and Millions die due to overwork, disease, and

awful treatmentawful treatment The conditions were so bad that there was an The conditions were so bad that there was an

international outcry international outcry – The other European powers made the Belgium The other European powers made the Belgium

gov’t take control over the Congo in 1908gov’t take control over the Congo in 1908

– D. Abolition and Legitimate TradeD. Abolition and Legitimate Trade– Africans expanded trade in gold after slave Africans expanded trade in gold after slave

trade diminishedtrade diminished– Britain and US prohibit citizens from Britain and US prohibit citizens from

participating in slave tradeparticipating in slave trade– Most successful new export was palm oilMost successful new export was palm oil– British took and made: soap, candles, and British took and made: soap, candles, and

lubricantslubricants– Missionaries helped British set up Sierra Missionaries helped British set up Sierra

Leone and helped US set up LiberiaLeone and helped US set up Liberia– Sierra Leone—British slavesSierra Leone—British slaves– Liberia—US slavesLiberia—US slaves

Flag of LiberiaFlag of Liberia

Jehudi AshmunJehudi Ashmun

Sent by the US to Sent by the US to set up the colony of set up the colony of Liberia for the free Liberia for the free black slavesblack slaves

II. India Under British RuleII. India Under British Rule– A. Company MenA. Company Men– British, French, and Dutch establish hired British, French, and Dutch establish hired

Indian troops (sepoys) to defend the trade Indian troops (sepoys) to defend the trade postsposts

– B. Raj and RebellionB. Raj and Rebellion– British will reign over India and bring British will reign over India and bring

reformsreforms– Cultural and political reforms still respecting Cultural and political reforms still respecting

Indian customs and traditionsIndian customs and traditions– British relied on sepoys to control warriors British relied on sepoys to control warriors

and keep peaceand keep peace

SepoysSepoys

Sepoy Rebellion of 1857:Sepoy Rebellion of 1857:– Indian soldiers and peasants revolted Indian soldiers and peasants revolted

against the British ruleagainst the British rule– The rebellion led to the dissolution of the The rebellion led to the dissolution of the

East India Company in 1858, and forced the East India Company in 1858, and forced the British to reorganize the army, the financial British to reorganize the army, the financial system, and the administration in India. India system, and the administration in India. India was thereafter directly governed by the was thereafter directly governed by the Crown in the new British reign.Crown in the new British reign.

– C. Political Reform and Industrial ImpactC. Political Reform and Industrial Impact– The Indian rebellion was put down in 1858 The Indian rebellion was put down in 1858

and the British continued to rule from and the British continued to rule from LondonLondon

– Sepoys could not control population so Sepoys could not control population so British set up Indian Civil Service which now British set up Indian Civil Service which now controlled populationcontrolled population

– ICS: ICS: – open to all who passed exam but British open to all who passed exam but British

continued to controlled upper levels of continued to controlled upper levels of administrationadministration

– British built irrigation systems, railroads, British built irrigation systems, railroads, telegraph linestelegraph lines

– People began to move to cities and British People began to move to cities and British set up sewer linesset up sewer lines

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yXKbd5IDzU&feature=relatedv=2yXKbd5IDzU&feature=related

– D. Rising Indian NationalismD. Rising Indian Nationalism– Indian people came together against the Indian people came together against the

BritishBritish– Indians realized that rebellion could not gain Indians realized that rebellion could not gain

control of Indiacontrol of India– Turned to nationalism and unity by reducing Turned to nationalism and unity by reducing

ethnic divisionethnic division– 1885: the Indians convened their first Indian 1885: the Indians convened their first Indian

National CongressNational Congress

III. Britain’s Eastern EmpireIII. Britain’s Eastern Empire

– A. Colonies and CommerceA. Colonies and Commerce

– British victory in Napoleonic Wars gives them British victory in Napoleonic Wars gives them territory in South Africa, Southeast Asia, and territory in South Africa, Southeast Asia, and CaribbeanCaribbean

– Cape Colony was British supply line to IndiaCape Colony was British supply line to India

– B. Imperial Policies and ShippingB. Imperial Policies and Shipping

– Britain is more interested in trade than territories Britain is more interested in trade than territories (free trade throughout empire)(free trade throughout empire)

– Africa, Asia, Pacific became exporters of raw Africa, Asia, Pacific became exporters of raw materials (stay incomplete industrialization)materials (stay incomplete industrialization)

– Impact of Iron on the shipping industry:Impact of Iron on the shipping industry:

– Iron made ships better and larger, lowering Iron made ships better and larger, lowering shipping costsshipping costs

Captain James Cook Captain James Cook surveyed New surveyed New Zealand and Zealand and Australian coastAustralian coast

At first Australia was used by the British as a dump for At first Australia was used by the British as a dump for convictsconvicts

Most criminal offences were punished by death or by a Most criminal offences were punished by death or by a fine and/or whipping. Transportation emerged during fine and/or whipping. Transportation emerged during the seventeenth century as a humane alternative to the the seventeenth century as a humane alternative to the death penalty. Transportation was initially mainly to death penalty. Transportation was initially mainly to America, but the outbreak of the American Revolution America, but the outbreak of the American Revolution in 1776 meant that this was no longer a possible in 1776 meant that this was no longer a possible destination. Sentences of transportation were still destination. Sentences of transportation were still passed, but convicts were held in prison instead. passed, but convicts were held in prison instead. Naturally these soon became overcrowded, and extra Naturally these soon became overcrowded, and extra accommodation had to be provided in old ships (the accommodation had to be provided in old ships (the 'hulks') moored in coastal waters.'hulks') moored in coastal waters.

The solution to the crisis was to develop a new penal The solution to the crisis was to develop a new penal colony and on 13 May 1787 the First Fleet set sail for colony and on 13 May 1787 the First Fleet set sail for Australia, 6 transport ships, together with 2 warships Australia, 6 transport ships, together with 2 warships and 3 store-ships, taking 717 convicts of which 48 died and 3 store-ships, taking 717 convicts of which 48 died en route, arriving in January 1788 at Port Jackson. en route, arriving in January 1788 at Port Jackson.

– C. Colonization of Australia and New ZealandC. Colonization of Australia and New Zealand

– Australia receives British settlers. Australia receives British settlers.

– After gold is discovered in 1851 free After gold is discovered in 1851 free Europeans begin to settle AustraliaEuropeans begin to settle Australia

– British settlers are given power to rule by the British settlers are given power to rule by the British crownBritish crown

– D. New Labor MigrationsD. New Labor Migrations

– Between 1834 to 1870 Britain continued to Between 1834 to 1870 Britain continued to take slaves for their coloniestake slaves for their colonies

– With the stop of slaves lead to indentured With the stop of slaves lead to indentured servantsservants

– Workers worked for a # of years in return for Workers worked for a # of years in return for passage, small salary, free housing, clothing, passage, small salary, free housing, clothing, and medical careand medical care