2012

EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM IN ASIA:

INDIA, CHINA, AND JAPAN

Describe the life of an African under European

rule. How were they treated? Etc.

QUIZ

Looking for faster shipping routes between E. Africa, Asia, and Europe

Cape of Good Hope trip too long Solution:

Suez Canal

History: Egypt’s leader Isma’il supported construction through Isthmus of Suez to connect RED SEA and MEDITERRANEAN SEA

French financed it Opened 1869 Cost of canal bankrupted Egypt

so Britain took control in 1882

ACCESS TO ASIA AND EAST AFRICA

SUEZ CANAL

India was Britain’s “Jewel in the Crown”

British interest in India began in the 1600s with the British East India company

As the Mogul Empire fell the British established more control

From 1757 to 1858 the British East India Company ruled India

BRITAIN AND INDIA

The company had its own army staffed by sepoys , or Indian soldiers

Issues?

BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY AND SEPOYS

The British valued India as a market for the finished products of the Industrial Revolution in the 1800s Restrictions to prevent Indian

economy from operating on own

Tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, and opium were important agricultural products Railroads linked towns and

mines/farms to ports to facilitate trade and the sale of goods to Indians

INDIA UNDER BRITISH CONTROL

Positives of Colonialism in India

Negatives of Colonialism in India

-Britain did not control religious or social customs to traditions were not lost-3rd largest railroad network built-modern economy developed-united different areas of India-modernization: roads, telephones, telegraphs, dams, bridges, schools, universities-increased literacy, sanitation, health

-Britain held political and economic control-Indian-owned industries were restricted so that Britain profit more-Dependency on cash crops reduced food production causing Indians to starve-Racism- The belief of one group that they are superior to other groups

UPSIDE OR DOWNSIDE?

Increased economic problems for Indians

Sepoys get word that gun cartridges they would get were greased with pork and beef fat. Soldiers had to bite off ends… Against Hindu religion and Islam

British East India Company jailed soldiers who wouldn’t accept cartridges Sepoys rebelled Captured many northern areas British gov’t troops sent

SEPOY MUTINY (INDIA)

Britain takes direct command of India in 1858 “It is this awareness of the natural

superiority of the European which has won for us India. However well educated and clever a native may be, and however brave he may prove himself, I believe that no rank we can bestow on him would cause him to be considered an equal of the British officer” –Lord Kitchener

Eventually movements for independence from Britain emerge Notable leaders: Mohandas Gandhi

Civil disobedience: disregard laws that you believe are unmoral and be prepared for jail but do not use violence inspires MLK Jr.

Freedom 1947

SEPOY MUTINY OUTCOME (INDIA)

“Complete civil disobedience is rebellion without the element of violence in it. An out and out civil resister simply ignores the authority of the state. He becomes an outlaw claiming to disregard every unmoral state law…In doing all this he never uses force and never resists force when it is used against him. In fact, he invites imprisonment and other uses of force.” -Mohandas Gandhi

According to the passage above, which is true of civil resisters?a. They uphold the authority of the state.b. They disregard laws they think are unfair.c. They try to avoid imprisonment.d. They use hate and violence to get what they

want.

GANDHI

French, Dutch, British, and eventually the USA will attempt to colonize Southeast Asia for resources and power

SOUTHEAST ASIA: IMPERIALISM

China proud of culture and could keep West out because they were self-sufficient

Little trade with WestWould only let

Westerners trade in Guangzhou meaning China exported more than they imported

Europeans were determined to find a product China wanted so they could get more resources out of them….

CHINA RESISTS OUTSIDE INFLUENCE

O WAR SIMULATION

Chinese doctors used it for pain for 100s of yearsBritish start smuggling in more for non-medicinal useBy 1835 12MILLION people were addicted

“By what right do the British merchants use the poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people? … I have heard that smoking opium is very strictly forbidden by your country; that is because the harm caused by opium is clearly understood. Since it is not permitted to do harm to your own country, then even less should you let it be passed on to the harm of other countries.” –Lin Zexu

OPIUM AND CHINA

1839 The Chinese go to war with Britain but ships are no match for steam-powered gunboats of British

1842- Treaty of Nanjing –peace treaty ending Opium War Gives Hong Kong to British Gives foreign citizens extraterritorial rights meaning

foreigners not subject to Chinese law in 5 port cities

OPIUM WAR

Internal Problems1. Famine: increased population,

decreased food supply… Some land used for opium

production instead of food2. Peasant unrest

Lead to……Taiping Rebellion: “Heavenly

Kingdom of Great Peace” Hong Xiuquan leads rebellion to

create utopian community by conquering southern provinces and Nanjing

Fails because of infighting and outside attacks

20 million die

CHINA’S OTHER PROBLEMS

Hong Xiuquan

Dowager Empress Cixi (tsoo-shee)Implements updates to education, diplomacy, military

Steam power, rifles, ammunition must industrialize to be successful

INDUSTRIALIZATION

Japan and Western powers take instability in China as chance to gain foothold

European spheres of influence

1899 USA declares Open Door Policy: proposes that China’s doors be open to merchants of all nations but cannot colonize

.Chinese nationalism rises

Send diplomats to tour world Come back with suggestions to

restructure government

OUTSIDE INFLUENCE IN CHINA

Managed to stay relatively isolated from the West until 1800s

West tries to convince them to open ports but Japan refuses

1853 US Commodore Matthew Perry took four huge black wooden steam-powered ships and anchored them in Tokyo Harbor Letter from Fillmore Promise 1854 Treaty of Kanagawa: opened

some ports to the west; extraterritorial rights

Japanese angry at shogun Emperor takes control 1867 Meiji

era Idea: Modernize or be invaded

Powerful military (Germany), navy (Britain), education (USA), industrialization (WEST)

JAPAN

Matsuhito

Aspect of society Changes and eventsPolitics -imperial rule reestablished

-Capital moved to Edo-Most power in executive branch (emperor, prime minister, cabinet)

Economics -Daimyo’s lands given to peasants-Many farmers, unable to pay new land tax are forced into tenancy-industrialization encouraged

Social Structure -new imperial army created-universal system of education developed-western practices adopted

ELEMENTS OF MEIJI RESTORATION

Japan’s strength increases so they need more resources

Japan attacks Korea forcing trade in 3 ports Makes China mad so both

agree hands-off 18851894 China breaks

agreement so Japan sends troops to fight Chinese in Korea Sino-Japanese War 1895 peace treaty

JAPANESE IMPERIALISM

Japan sets sights on Manchuria 1903 Japan tells Russia that they

will recognize Russia’s rights to Manchuria if they will stay out of Korea but Russia says no

1904 Japan launches surprise attack on Russian ships Russo-Japanese War T. Roosevelt brokers peace deal

and Japan controls Manchuria and Korea

JAPANESE IMPERIALISM