imperialism in southeast asia & africa
DESCRIPTION
Imperialism in Southeast Asia & Africa. Chapter 14 sections 1 & 2 World History. Section 1. Colonial rule in southeast asia. Old vs. New Imperialism. Old: European nations wanted to set up trading posts where they could conduct business and missionary activities - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
IMPERIALISM IN SOUTHEAST
ASIA & AFRICAChapter 14 sections 1 & 2
World History
COLONIAL RULE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Section 1
OLD VS. NEW IMPERIALISM Old: European nations wanted to set up
trading posts where they could conduct business and missionary activities
New: European nations wanted total control over huge amounts of foreign territory
“WHITE MAN’S BURDEN” Argument Europeans had the moral
responsibility to civilize “primitive people” and bring Christianity to the “heathen masses”
GREAT BRITAIN Founded Singapore (City of the Lion) in
1819 which became a major port for ships coming to and from China
Next the British took over BurmaTo protect its possessions in IndiaWanted an overland route into China
SINGAPORE & BURMA
FRANCE Forced Vietnam to accept French
protection from the British in 1857 Protectorate: a political unit that
depends on another government for its protection
Vietnamese Empire becomes a French protectorate in 1884
Extend protection to neighboring Cambodia, Laos, Annam, & Tonkin
Becomes known as Union of French Indochina
FRENCH INDOCHINA
THAILAND The only independent country in
Southeast Asia Kings promoted Western learning &
maintained good relationships with European powers
Britain & France agreed to keep Thailand as an independent buffer b/t their possessions
WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY BUFFER?See how Thailand is right between British controlled Burma and the countries that make up French Indochina? That is what a buffer is – something, anything that creates space b/t two things.
DIRECT VS. INDIRECT RULE Indirect Rule: local rulers kept their
positions of authority and status in the new colonial government Easier access to natural resourcesLess effect on local cultureLowered the cost of colonial government
Direct Rule: local rulers are removed from power and replaced with officials from the mother country
HUMANITARIAN, HUH? Many Westerners feared native people
gaining political rights – even teaching them about representative government & democracy
Colonial powers did NOT want colonists to develop their own industries, only continue to supply the raw materials that fuel industry in the mother country and buy those products
ECONOMIC LIFE UNDER COLONIAL RULE Materials Exported: teak wood, rubber,
spices, tea, coffee, palm oil, tin, sugar Plantation agriculture – native peasants
worked as laborers on plantations owned by colonial elites
Wages were kept low to maximize profits
Conditions were poor and led to many deaths
BENEFITS OF COLONIAL RULE Beginnings of modern economic
systems Built roads, railroads, communication
networks, and other pieces of infrastructure that were good for everyone
Development of an entrepreneurial class because of the potential for exporting desirable goods and raw materials
RESISTANCE TO COLONIAL RULE Many were most unhappy about being
ruled by Western powers Most frequent revolts came from
peasants, who were furious they were pushed off of their land to create plantations
Eventually an intellectual middle class develops educated in Western ideas that pushes for native rights, then independence
EMPIRE BUILDING IN AFRICA
Section 2
West Africa
B/t 1880-1900 European rivals had nearly all of Africa under their control
By 1890 the slave trade that affected W. Africa for so long was nearly gone
Now Euros were interested in trading manufactured goods for natural resources
European govt’s began to push for permanent settlements along the coast
Europeans in Africa 1885-1914
North Africa
Muhammad Ali created a separate Egyptian state in 1805 and implemented reforms to
bring Egypt into the modern worldEuropeans became interested in Egypt b/c they
wanted to build a canal connecting the Red and Mediterranean Seas
The Suez Canal was completed in 18671875 Britain bought Egypt’s share of the canal
– saw it as their lifeline to IndiaItaly was defeated by Ethiopia in its attempt to
take over the country
Central Africa
Explorers from the West went into the dense tropical jungles
They encouraged European governments to send settlers to the Congo River Basin
Belgium was the one country to seize the moment and claim vast stretches of Central
Africa Belgium = area south of the Congo River
France = area north of the Congo River
The Congo River
East Africa
Intense competition b/t Germany and Great Britain for colonies here
Most of East Africa had not yet been claimed by European powers
Berlin Conference, 1884Settle claims in East Africa b/t Portugal, Belgium,
Germany, Great BritainNO AFRICAN delegates were present!!
South Africa
Boers (Afrikaners) descendents of the original Dutch settlers in South Africa
Believed white supremacy was ordained by God & forced natives onto reservations
Britain took control of all of S. Africa after defeating the Boers in the Boer War
Formed the Union of South Africa in 1910 where only whites could vote
System of government sponsored segregation in South Africa becomes known as Apartheid
Colonial Powers
The only independent land left in Africa in 1914 was Liberia
Mostly tried to employ indirect rule, but in reality it was still foreign officials making the
decisions w/local leaders enforcing themOthers (France) used direct rule
Countries with African PossessionsNetherlands, Britain, France, Germany, Belgium,
Italy, Portugal, Spain
Vocabulary
Annex: to incorporate new nearby territory into an existing political unit
Indigenous: native to a region – can be used to describe many things (people, plants, animals,
etc.)