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Name_________________________________________________Date_________________

Imperialism- Chapter 7

-By the late 1800s, Americans began to set their sights on lands ______________. Before, the concern was rebuilding the _________ and expanding in the ________.

-Before the U. S. even thought about expanding abroad, ____________ nations had already begun the process.

-imperialism- __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

-Reasons for imperialism:

* the demand for ________ _____________________ for factories (raw materials came from a variety of places)

* the desire to get around other countries’ ______________ (price each country paid to do business on another country’s soil- most of the more industrialized nation looked for overseas territories to keep from having to pay high tariffs)

*____________________ _________________________

-European countries began investing money in ___________ and ______________. Both had an abundance of raw materials.

*To protect their investments, they began to establish __________________ and _____________________ in these territories (basically gave them political and economic control of these areas)—Remember to mention King Leopold and the Congo.

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-Americans began to take notice of this overseas expansion and wanted in on the action (Remember Manifest Destiny from our chapter on the West- Manifest Destiny said that it is our “destiny” to conquer these lands or territories. Supporters of this theory believed that it was what The ____________ intended for them to do).

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-Americans began to use the whole “survival of the fittest” (Social Darwinism) theory to justify their wanting to expand overseas.

-The idea of __________________________________ surfaced. Anglo- Saxonism said that only English- speaking nations were superior in ______________________, _____________, and systems of ________. Nations that didn’t fit this characteristic were believed to be _____________________. Again, we used the Manifest Destiny theory….Americans said that it was our “destiny” to bring civilization to these lesser nations.

-The desire to expand and the need to protect our overseas markets led to the cries for our own _________________ __________. We realized that if we did acquire bases overseas we couldn’t trust European nations to protect our interest.

AMERICAN EXPANSION IN THE PACIFIC

-American businesses had been trading in East Asia long before we actually began trying to acquire territory.

-Americans were already trading with ___________, but we also wanted to trade with _______________. The problem with that was….Japan didn’t want to trade with us. They only allowed trade with the _____________________ and the ______________.

*They ____________ __________ the West- thought that trading with us would lead to their destruction.

-U. S. Congress members were so upset by Japan’s not wanting to trade with us that they pressured the president _______________________________________________________________. Commodore Matthew C. Perry was sent to Japan to see if he could “negotiate” a trade treaty.

*Commodore Perry took _____American warships to Japan- The Japanese were so impressed by the __________________ and the _________________________ on the steamships that they signed an agreement with us agreed to trade. The treaty also included a “truce” between the two nations as well as a promise to _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

-As a result of this trade, Japan built their own powerful Navy and began conquering territories abroad (This is known as Japanese imperialism).

ANNEXING HAWAII

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-This open trade in Asia brought on the need for ports to _____________ and ____________ (before they crossed the Pacific Ocean).

*Americans negotiated a deal and got permission to open a base in the Samoan Islands (in the South Pacific), but they also had their sights set on ________________.

-American settlers had already found out that Hawaii’s climate and fertile soil was perfect for growing ____________________. Businessmen from America jumped on this and began establishing plantations there.

-When Hawaii’s economy hit a recession, Americans worried that they might have to seek help from either the _____________ or the French, so we _______________________________________________.

*The U. S. signed a treaty saying that Hawaii sugar would be __________________________________________________. When the treaty expired, the U. S. refused to renew it without Hawaii promising to give us exclusive rights to the ____________________________________________________.

*The treaty benefitted both Hawaii and the U. S. Hawaii’s economy hit a boom and American businessmen profited greatly from their sugar plantations there.

-Before long, American businessmen in Hawaii began putting pressure on the Hawaiian king to ________________________________________________________________________. Yes, you read that right. At the same time, sugar planters in the U. S. began receiving

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________________---these subsidies made Hawaiian sugar higher than sugar that was grown in the U. S.

*The American businessmen in Hawaii began hatching a plan to make Hawaii an _________________________________________.---this was the only way they saw increasing their sales.

-When Queen Liliuokalani took the throne in Hawaii, she began trying to ________________ the businessmen’s influence—She distrusted them and saw their influence as detrimental to the Hawaiian way of life.

*She tried to establish a new ____________________ giving her more power as ruler. The American planters were so upset by this that they __________________________________________________. Again, yes, you read that right.

*____________________ were called in and the Queen was __________________________________________________. After she was thrown from the throne, they set up __________ ______ government and began asking for the U. S. to _________ Hawaii.

-Grover Cleveland was president at the time. He was against imperialism altogether and definitely against what had just happened in Hawaii. He even tried to return the Queen to power. The Senate knew that President Cleveland would never support annexing Hawaii, so they ____________________________________________________________. Hawaii was annexed __ years later.

Pan- Americanism

Assignment: Read the excerpt below from the article Many Thousands of Native Hawaiians Sign a Protest to the United States Government Against AnnexationThe San Francisco Call and respond to the following questions.

“The minister closed and a deep murmuring "Amen" from the people followed.

I watched Mrs. Emma Nawahi as she arose to address the people. I have never heard two women talk in public in quite the same way. Would this Hawaiian women be embarrassed or timid, or self-conscious or assertive?

Not any of these. Her manner had the simple directness that made Charlotte Perkins Stetson, two years ago, the most interesting speaker of the Women's congress. But Mrs. Stetson's pose is the most artistic of poses - a pretense of simplicity. This Hawaiian woman's thoughts were of

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her subjects, not of herself. There was an interesting impersonality about her delivery that kept my eyes fastened upon her while the interpreter at my side whispered his translation in short, detached phrases, hesitating now and then for a word, sometimes completing the thought with a gesture."

"We are weak a people, we Hawaiians, and have no power unless we stand together." read Mrs. Nawahi frequently raising her eyes from her paper and at times altogether forgetting it.

"The United States is just - a land of liberty. The people there are the friends - the great friends of the weak. Let us tell them - let us show them that as they love their country and would suffer much before giving it up, so do we love our country, our Hawai'i, and pray that they do not take it from us.

"Our one hope is in standing firm - shoulder to shoulder, heart to heart. The voice of the people is the voice of God. Surely that great country across the ocean must hear our cry. By uniting our voices the sound will be carried on so they must hear us.

"In this petition, which we offer for your signature today, you, women of Hawai'i, have a chance to speak your mind. The men's petition will be sent on by the men's club as soon as the loyal men of Honolulu have signed it. There is nothing underhand, nothing deceitful in our way - our only way - of fighting. Everybody will see and may know of our petition. We have nothing to conceal. We have right on our side. This land is ours -- our Hawai'i. Say, shall we lose our nationality? Shall we be annexed to the United States?”

1. By the tone of this speech, how do you think that most of the Hawaiians felt about annexation?

2. What is the irony in the speaker’s calling America “the friend of the weak” (as it applies to this particular situation)?

3.

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