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Chapter SevenChapter SevenMaking Decisions About Making Decisions About

Drug UseDrug Use

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Effects of Drugs on the CNSEffects of Drugs on the CNS Neuron – brain cellNeuron – brain cell Dendrite – portion of neuron that Dendrite – portion of neuron that

receives electrical stimulireceives electrical stimuli Axon – portion of neuron that Axon – portion of neuron that

conducts electrical impulse from conducts electrical impulse from dendritedendrite

Synapse – location of reception site Synapse – location of reception site between axon of neuron and between axon of neuron and dendrite from anotherdendrite from another

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The Process of AddictionThe Process of Addiction

• Exposure: introduced to the drug that is Exposure: introduced to the drug that is considered pleasurableconsidered pleasurable

• Compulsion: time, energy, and money Compulsion: time, energy, and money are spent to pursue the behavior. are spent to pursue the behavior. Normal behavior has already Normal behavior has already degenerateddegenerated

• Loss of Control: addicted people lose the Loss of Control: addicted people lose the ability to control their behavior; results ability to control their behavior; results in addiction to more than one drug or in addiction to more than one drug or behaviorbehavior

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Drug TerminologyDrug Terminology

Drug:Drug: substance other than food that substance other than food that will alter functionwill alter function

Psychoactive drug:Psychoactive drug: a drug that alters a drug that alters moods or feelingsmoods or feelings

DependenceDependence: the need to continue to : the need to continue to use a drug for psychological or use a drug for psychological or physical reasonsphysical reasons

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Drug Terminology (cont’d)Drug Terminology (cont’d)

Tolerance:Tolerance: acquired result of diminished acquired result of diminished effects from prolonged useeffects from prolonged use

Withdrawal:Withdrawal: response of body to regain response of body to regain normality without drug in the systemnormality without drug in the system

Drug misuse:Drug misuse: unintentional inappropriate unintentional inappropriate use of drugsuse of drugs

Drug abuse:Drug abuse: intentional inappropriate use intentional inappropriate use of drugsof drugs

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4 Methods of4 Methods ofDrug AdministrationDrug Administration

1.1. IngestionIngestion

2.2. InjectionInjection

3.3. InhalationInhalation

4.4. AbsorptionAbsorption

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Drug ClassificationsDrug Classifications

1.1. StimulantsStimulants

2.2. DepressantsDepressants

3.3. HallucinogensHallucinogens

4.4. NarcoticsNarcotics

5.5. CannabisCannabis

6.6. InhalantsInhalants

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StimulantsStimulants

Function:Function: elevate CNS elevate CNS Examples:Examples: caffeine, amphetamines, caffeine, amphetamines,

cocaine,crack, ephedra, ritalin, cocaine,crack, ephedra, ritalin, adderalladderall

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© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

DepressantsDepressants

Function:Function: slows down the CNS slows down the CNS Examples:Examples: barbiturates, barbiturates,

tranquilizers, alcoholtranquilizers, alcohol

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HallucinogensHallucinogens

Function:Function: distort reality, produce distort reality, produce hallucinationshallucinations

Examples:Examples: LSD, PCP LSD, PCP

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CannabisCannabis

Function:Function: produces a variety of produces a variety of effects effects

Examples:Examples: marijuana, hashish, marijuana, hashish, active ingredient tetra hydro active ingredient tetra hydro cannabinol (THC)cannabinol (THC)

Chronic abuse may lead to an amotivational syndrome

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NarcoticsNarcotics

Function:Function: relieve pain relieve pain Examples:Examples: opium, heroin, morphine, opium, heroin, morphine,

demerol, oxycontindemerol, oxycontin

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InhalantsInhalants

Function:Function: unpredictable, drunk-like unpredictable, drunk-like effectseffects

Examples:Examples: household products and household products and solventssolvents

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Combination Drug EffectsCombination Drug Effects

Synergistic:Synergistic: exaggerates each exaggerates each drug effectsdrug effects

Additive:Additive: totals just the sum of totals just the sum of each drugeach drug

Potentiated:Potentiated: intensifies second intensifies second drugdrug

Antagonistic:Antagonistic: reduces effect of reduces effect of another druganother drug

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Society’s Response toSociety’s Response toDrug UseDrug Use

Development of anti-drug Development of anti-drug organizationsorganizations

Famous personalities are used Famous personalities are used discourage use of drugsdiscourage use of drugs

Starting drug education earlier in Starting drug education earlier in grade school (pre-school levels)grade school (pre-school levels)

Decrease of Decrease of gatewaygateway drug exposure drug exposure

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Drug TreatmentDrug Treatment

Treatment programs via direct Treatment programs via direct confrontationconfrontation

Trained drug counselorsTrained drug counselors Private clinics or hospital settingPrivate clinics or hospital setting

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Chapter SevenChapter SevenMaking Decisions About Drug UseMaking Decisions About Drug Use