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© 2018 IJRAR July 2018, Volume 5, Issue 3 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138)

Experimental Investigation On Strength And Durability Properties Of M30 Grade Concrete By

Partial Replacement Of Cement By Marble Powder And Addition Of Steel Fibers

1Ayesha Begum, 2P.Maheswar Reddy, 1PG Scholar, 2Assistant Professor, 1Department of Civil Engineering,

1Dr.K.V.Subba Reddy Institute of Technology, Kurnool, India________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Abstract : There is growing interest in the construction of concrete pavements, due to its high strength, durability, better serviceability and overall economy in the long run. Present day construction cost is at its height with using basic materials like cement, coarse aggregates and fine aggregates. Leaving waste materials to nature specifically can bring about environmental issues. Therefore, reuse of waste materials has been emphasized. Industries produce lots of waste materials, which might be helpful in partial replacement of basic materials due to their composition and it can be proved economical. The concrete industry is always searching for supplementary material with the target of decreasing the solid waste disposal issue. As we know concrete is weak in tension so, to overcome this, steel fibers has been used. There are few reuse and recycling solutions for this industrial by-product, both in experimental phase and have useful applications. These mechanical wastes are dumped in the close-by areas and natural fruitfulness of the soil is ruined. The physical, mechanical & chemical properties of wastes are discussed. In this study, marble powder and silica fume (10%) has replaced Cement, the whole research is carried out on M30 grade concrete with partly replacing Cement by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of marble dust, with the addition of steel fibers at ratio 0.25%and 0.50% by as to get greatest compressive strength, flexural strength and furthermore split tensile strength and Durability.

IndexTerms – Durability, serviceability, waste materials, marble powder, silica fume, steel fibers

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION

1.1 General:

Marble is a non-foliated metamorphic rock composed of re-crystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite. Geologists use the term "marble" to refer to metamorphosed limestone; however, stonemasons use the term more broadly to encompass un-metamorphosed limestone. Marble is a metamorphic rock resulting from the transformation of a pure limestone. The purity of the marble is responsible for its color and appearance: it is white if the limestone is composed solely of calcite (100%CaCO3). Marble is used for construction and decoration; marble is durable, has a noble appearance, and is consequently in great demand. Chemically, marbles are crystalline rocks composed predominantly of calcite, dolomite or serpentine minerals. The other mineral constituents vary from origin to origin. Quartz, muscovite, tremolite, actinolite, micro line, talc, garnet, osterite and biotite are the major mineral impurities whereas SiO2, limonite, Fe2O3, manganese, 3H2O and FeS2 (pyrite) are the major chemical impurities associated with marble. The main impurities in raw limestone (for cement) which can affect the properties of finished cement are magnesia, phosphate, leads, zinc, alkalis and sulfides.

The advancement of concrete technology can reduce the consumption of natural resources and energy sources and lessen the burden of pollutants on environment. Presently large amounts of marble dust are generated in natural stone processing plants with an important impact on environment and humans. This project describes the feasibility of using the marble sludge dust in concrete production as partial replacement of cement. In India, the marble and granite stone processing is one of the most thriving industry the effects if varying marble dust contents on the physical and mechanical properties of fresh and hardened concrete have been investigated. Slump and air content of fresh concrete and absorption and compressive strength of hardened concrete were also investigated. Test results show that this industrial bi product is capable of improving hardened concrete performance up to 10%,Enhancing fresh concrete behavior and can be used in architectural concrete mixtures containing white cement. The compressive strength of concrete was measured for 7 and 28 days. In order to evaluate the effects of marble dust on mechanical behavior, many different mortar mixes were tested.

1.2 Generation of marble dust (MP):

IJRAR1601009 International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR) www.ijrar.org 25


In general there are two types of waste named as quarry/cutting/ sawing from in-situ stone site and polishing waste from construction sites. During the processing of stone, the raw stone block is cut as demanded either into tiles or slabs of various thickness (usually 2 or 4 cm), using diamond blades. Water is showered on blades while stone blocks are cut into sheets of varying thickness, to cool the blades and absorb the dust produced during the cutting operation.

Fig. 1.1: Generation of marble dust

1.4 Advantages of Marble Dust:

Marble powder can be used as filler in concrete and paving materials and helps to reduce total void content in concrete. Marble powder can be used as an admixture in concrete, so that strength of the concrete can be increased. We can reduce the environmental pollution by utilizing this marble powder for producing the other products. Marble dust is mixed with concrete, cement or synthetic resins to make counters, building stones, sculptures, floors and

many other objects. Marble dust gives an iridescent feel to the object because of the crystallized particles present in the dust from the

marble. These cultured marble objects are often seen in luxury settings. Synthetic marble objects made with marble dust are more commonly used than 100 percent solid marble objects.

Marble dust is also used to make paint primer for canvas paintings, and as paint filler. Used as a component for manufacture of white cement. The marble powder is also used to create carbonic acid gases which are used in the bottling of beverages.

Marble stone industry generates both solid waste and Stone slurry. Whereas solid waste results from the rejects at the mine sites or at the processing units, stone slurry is a semi liquid substance consisting of particles originating from the sawing and the polishing processes and water used to cool and lubricate the sawing and polishing machines. Stone slurry generated during processing corresponds to around 20% of the final product from stone industry. Therefore the scientific and industrial community must commit towards more sustainable practices. There are several reuse and recycling solutions for this industrial by-product, both at an experimental phase and in practical applications. Marble dust is an additive for thermoplastic and as a hardening agent for rubber industry.

Other uses are as follows:-

Power coating, paints and ceramic industry Reinforced polyester glass fiber Leather cloth and flooring applications Detergent applications Glass industry (in manufacturing sheet & optical glasses)

Different types of ceramic products are:

Wall And Floor Tiles Bricks And Roof Tiles Table-And Ornamental ware (Household Ceramics) Refractory Products Sanitary ware Vitrified Clay Pipes Tiles used in the Space Shuttle program Gas burner nozzles



Missile nose cones Coatings of jet engine turbine blades Ceramic disk brake, etc

1.5 Use of Marble powder as replacement material in concrete

In building industry, Marble has been commonly used as a building material since the ancient times. The disposal of the marble powder material, consisting of very fine power, constitutes one of the environmental problems around the world. Marble blocks are cut into small blocks in order to give them the desired smooth shape. In india marble dust is settled by sedimentation and then dumped away which results in environmental pollution, in addition to forming dust in summer and threatening both agriculture and public health. Therefore, utilization of the marble dust in various industrial sectors especially the construction, agriculture, glass and paper industries would help to protect the environment. For instance, certain residues such as marble sludge from stony material manufacturing and cement kiln dust are characterized by an average diameter. This important characteristic makes them potentially candidates for use in the producton of self-levellingmortars(SLMS) and self-compacting concrete (SCCS). They can be compacted under their self weight, with no external action, providing a considerable saving in time and energy. The feasibility of the waste material recovery process is particularly influenced by the simultaneous satisfaction of the economic, technical and normative aspects for each field of use. Once the economic convenience has been assessed, the experimentation must verify that the physicochemical characteristics attained after treatment are suitable to the specific project solutions for which they are intended.

1.6 SILICA FUME (SF):

Silica fume, also known as microsilica, (CAS number 69012-64-2, EINECS number 273-761-1) is an amorphous (non-crystalline) polymorph of silicon dioxide, silica. It is an ultrafine powder collected as a by-product of the silicon and ferrosilicon alloy production and consists of spherical particles with an average particle diameter of 150 nm. The main field of application is as pozzolanic material for high performance concrete.

It is sometimes confused with fumed silica (also known as pyrogenic silica, CAS number 112945-52-5). However, the production process, particle characteristics and fields of application of fumed silica are all different from those of silica fume.

Production of Silica fume (SF)

The raw materials for the production of silica fume are by-products from the production of silicon metal, and these by-products are further processed to produce cementitious materials for use in concrete.

Silica fume is a by-product of the manufacture of silicon metal and ferro-silicon alloys. The process involves the reduction of high purity quartz (SiO2) in electric arc furnaces at temperatures in excess of 2,000°C. Silica fume is a very fine powder consisting mainly of spherical particles or microspheres of mean diameter about 0.15 microns, with a very high specific surface area (15,000–25,000 m2 /kg). Each microsphere is on average 100 times smaller than an average cement grain. At a typical dosage of 10% by mass of cement, there will be 50,000–100,000 silica fume particles per cement grain.

Fig. 1.2: Production of silica fume

Chemical And Physical Properties

Indicative values for the chemical and physical properties of silica fume compared with other cementitious materials are given in Table.

Property Silica fumeSpecific gravity 2.2Mean grain size 0.15

Specific area(cm2/gm) 150000-300000Colour Light to Dark Grey


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumed_silica

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozzolan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silica

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_dioxide

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous


Table No 1.1: Physical properties

Chemical composition(%)Silicon dioxide(SiO2) 85Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 1.12Iron oxide (Fe2O3) 1.46Calcium oxide (CaO) 0.2-0.8Magnesium oxide (MgO) 0.2-0.8Sodium Oxide (NA2O) Potassium oxide (K2O) 0.5-1.2Loss on ignition < 6.0

Table No 1.2: Chemical properties

1.7 Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC):Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) may be defined as a composite materials made with Portland cement, aggregate, and incorporating discrete discontinuous fibers. Now, why would we wish to add such fibers to concrete. Plain, unreinforced concrete is a brittle material, with a low tensile strength and a low strain capacity. The role of randomly distributes discontinuous fibers is to bridge across the cracks that develop provides some post cracking “ductility”. If the fibers are sufficiently strong, sufficiently bonded to material, and permit the FRC to carry significant stresses over a relatively large strain capacity in the post cracking stage. There are, of course, other (and probably cheaper) ways of increasing the strength of concrete. The real contribution of the fibers is to increase the toughness of the concrete (defined as some function of the area under the load vs. deflection curve), under any type of loading. That is, the fibers tend to increase the strain at peak load, and provide a great deal of energy absorption in post-peak portion of the load vs. deflection curve. When the fiber reinforcement is in the form of short discrete fibers, they act effectively as rigid inclusions in the concrete matrix. Physically, they have thus the same order of magnitude as aggregate inclusions; steel fiber reinforcement cannot therefore be regarded as a direct replacement of longitudinal reinforcement in reinforced and prestressed structural members. However, because of the inherent material properties of fiber concrete, the presence of fibers in the body of the concrete or the provision of a tensile skin of fiber concrete can be expected to improve the resistance of conventionally reinforced structural members to cracking, deflection and other serviceability conditions. The fiber reinforcement may be used in the form of three dimensionally randomly distributed fibers throughout the structural member when the added advantages of the fiber to shear resistance and crack control can be further utilized . On the other hand, the fiber concrete may also be used as a tensile skin to cover the steel reinforcement when a more efficient two – dimensional orientation of the fibers could be obtained.

S No. Property Values1. Diameter 0.75 mm2. Length of fiber 60 mm3. Appearance Bright in clean wire4. Average aspect ratio 806. Deformation Crimped steel fibers7. Tensile strength 8500 kg/m3

8. Modulus of Elasticity 200 GPa9. Specific Gravity 7.8

Table 1.3: Physical Properties of Steel Fibers

II.LITERATURE REVIEW

Prof. Veena G. Pathan, Prof. Md. GulfamPathan, et al..,(2014)

Marble waste is a solid waste material generated from the marble processing and can be used either as a filler material in cement or fine aggregates while preparing concrete. It has been used as a replacement of fine aggregates in many literature works but this paper presents the feasibility of the substitution of marble waste for cement to achieve economy and environment saving.

Use of waste & byproducts as aggregates has greater potential because 75% of concrete is composed of aggregates. The physical and chemical properties of marble dust are suitable for its proposed use. None of the mineral constituents in waste is in undesirable concentration. Test results show that these industrial wastes are capable of improving hardened concrete performance. The combined use of quarry rock dust and marble sludge powder exhibited excellent performance due to efficient micro filling



ability and pozzolanic activity. Therefore, the results of this study provide a strong recommendation for the use of marble sludge powder as fine aggregate in concrete manufacturing.

Abrarawol, et al., (2011)

In this study, the possibility of using marble waste powder in cement and concrete production was examined by studying the effects of blending of marble waste powder with cement on the physical and chemical properties of cement paste and hardened mortar and by studying the effects of blending of marble waste powder with cement and sand on the performance of fresh and hardened concrete. Replacement of sand by marble waste powder from 5-20% ranges, in concrete production, results in similar and mostly enhanced performance than the control concrete specimens; with similar compressive strength to the control specimens, with slump improvement and water permeability depth reduction than the control specimens in both C-25 and C-50 classes.

Marble waste powder from The Ethiopian Marble Processing Enterprise used for the study satisfies the chemical standard requirement of EN 197-1 for production of Portland limestone cement; and natural fineness of the marble waste is comparable with that of the fineness of modern cements to be used as filler. 2. Replacement of Ordinary Portland cement by marble waste powder at 5% replacement range gives comparable compressive strength with that of 100% ordinary Portland cement. Replacement at 10%, 15% and 20% replacement ranges result in compressive strength reduction than that of 100% Ordinary Portland cement. However blended cements with 5 to 15% replacement ranges satisfy the standard of high early strength of class 42.5MPa and blended cements at 20% replacement range satisfy the standard of high early strength of class 32.5MPa as per the EN 197-1 standard. 3. Increasing percentage of addition of marble waste to Ordinary Portland cement results in general compressive strength reduction than OPC.

M. ShahulHameed and A.S.S. Sekar,et al..,(2009)

This paper presents the feasibility of the usage of quarry rock dust and marble sludge powder as hundred percent substitutes for natural sand in concrete. An attempt has been made to durability studies on green concrete compared with the natural sand concrete. It is found that the compressive, split tensile strength and durability studies of concrete made of quarry rock dust are nearly 14 % more than the conventional concrete. The concrete resistance to sulphate attack was enhanced greatly. Application of green concrete is an effective way to reduce environment pollution and improve durability of concrete under severe conditions.

The addition of the industrial wastes improves the physical and mechanical properties. the quarry rock dust and marble sludge powder may be used as a replacement material for fine aggregate. The replacement of fine aggregate with 50% marble sludge powder and 50% Quarry rock dust (Green concrete) gives an excellent result in strength aspect and quality aspect. marble sludge powder exhibited excellent performance due to efficient micro filling ability and pozzolanic activity.

G V Vigneshpandian, E AparnaShruthi, C Venkatasubramanianand D Muthu, et al.,(2017)

This paper investigates the strength properties of concrete specimens cast using waste marble dust as replacement of fine aggregate. The marble pieces are finely crushed to powdered and the gradation is compared with conventional fine aggregate. Concrete specimen were cast using wmd in the laboratory with different proportion (25%, 50% and 100%) by weight of cement and from the studies it reveals that addition of waste marble dust as a replacement of fine aggregate marginally improves compressive, tensile and flexural strength in concrete.

Therefore, it was found that the optimum replacement rate by marble powder this project work is intended to analyze the feasibilities of using waste marble dust as replacement fine aggregate. It offers unique advantages of being abundance, easily accessible and cost efficient. The test result shows that the use of these Waste Marble Dust have the capability of improving the performance of the hardened concrete. From the above results, the use of Waste marble dust up to 50% replacement with the fine aggregate is recommendable. The result of flexural strength test shows the familiar behavior with the results of the compression strength test.

Bhupendra Singh Kalchuri1, Dr. Rajeev Chandak, R.K.Yadav,etal..,(2015)

Marble Waste (Marble sawing powder, and marble sludge or slurry) is a widespread byproduct of marble processing industries. All these wastes are thrown away in the areas near the factories and cause severe environmental problems. The main objective of this study is to explore the possibility of using marble powder waste as partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete. Since this concrete is prepared with marble powder as a partial replacement of fine aggregate (Sand) in four different proportions i.e. 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% and tested for the period of 7days, 28days, 90days curing. This compressive strength compared with the conventional concrete i.e. concrete prepared without marble powder.

The compressive strength of concrete is increased when the percentage of marble powder waste is increased up to 20% and by further increasing the percentage of marble powder waste compressive strength gets reduced. Test also indicates that the waste marble powder can be successfully utilized as partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete production. Their use in concrete will alleviate the problem of their disposal and environmental pollution.



Rishi1, Dr. VanitaAggarwal,et al.., (2014)

Marble as a building material especially in palaces and monuments has been in use for ages many studies have been reported in literature on the performance of the concrete containing waste marble dust or waste marble aggregate. It can be seen that combination of marble dust and other ingredients has modulus or compressive strength higher than alone for 7 days and 28 days respectively. The use of high proportion of marble dust increases the strength of cement paste. This study shows the experimental investigations on the replacement of cement and sand both partially & combined with the waste marble powder/waste marble granules in which, by the partial replacement of cement and sand, the compressive, flexure and split-tensile strength get increased up to a certain percentage but get decreased with the combined replacement of combination of cement & sand.

It is feasible to replace the fine aggregate and cement by waste marble powder for improving the strength characteristics of concrete but the strength get decreased when replace the fine aggregate and cement combined by waste marble powder by 20%, thus the combination against cement and sand cannot be replaced. The optimum dosage of replacement by WMP is found to be 10% against sand as this mix gave maximum Flexural and Split Tensile Strength at 28 days.

III.TESTS ON MATERIALS

S.No Characteristics Values obtained experimentally Values specified by IS 8112:1989

1 Specific gravity 3.1 -

2 Standard consistency percent 2.7 -

3 Initial setting time, minutes 149 30(minutes)

4 Final setting time, minutes 257 600(minutes)Table 3.1 Tests conducted on Cement

Characteristics ValueColour greyShape angular

Maximum size 20mm/10mm

Specific gravity 2.73/2.72Water absorption 0.20%/0.35%

Table 3.2 Tests conducted on Course Aggrgate

Average Thickness 30mm

Length 60mm

Density 7850kg/m3

Tensile Strength 8500kg/m3

Shape crimped steel fibre

Table no 3.3: properties of steel fibers (SFS)

IV.MIX DESIGN

Stipulation for Proportioning Concrete Ingredients

(a) Characteristic compressive strength required in the field at 28 days grade designation - M 30

(b) Type of Cement : OPC 53 Grade confirming to IS 12269

(b) Maximum Nominal size of aggregate : 20 mm

(c) Shape of CA : Angular



(d) Workability required at site : 100 mm (slump)

(e) Type of exposure the structure will be subjected to (as defined in IS: 456) — Moderate

(h) Method of concrete placing : Pump able concrete

(ii) Test data of material

The following materials are to be tested in the laboratory and results are to be ascertained for the design mix

(a) Cement Used : OPC 53 Grade Confirming to IS 12269

(b) Specific Gravity of Cement : 3.10

(c) Chemical admixture : Super plasticizer confirming to IS 9103

(d) Specific gravity

Specific gravity of Fine Aggregate (sand) : 2.70

Specific gravity of Coarse Aggregate : 2.80

(e) Water Absorption

Coarse Aggregate : 0.4%

Fine Aggregate : 1.0%

(f) Free (surface) moisture

Coarse Aggregate : Nil

Fine Aggregate : Nil

Aggregate are assumed to be in saturated surface dry condition usually while preparing design mix.

(g) Sieve Analysis

Fine aggregates : Confirming to Zone II of Table 4 IS – 383

3.4 Mix Design of M30 Grade Concrete

Step 1: Determining the Target Strength for Mix Proportioning

FCK|= fck + 1.65 x S

Where,

FCK|= Target average compressive strength at 28 days

fck = Characteristic compressive strength at 28 days

S = Assumed standard deviation in N/mm2 = 5 (as per table -1 of IS 10262- 2009)

= 30 + 1.65 x 5.0 = 38.25 N/mm 2



Step 2 Selection of water-cement ratio:-

From Table 5 of IS 456, Maximum water-cement ratio = 0.45

Note: Do not start with w/c ratio above 0.50, even though the other desired results like Strength, workability could be

achieved.

Step 3 Selection of Water Content

Maximum water content for 20 mm aggregate = 186 Kg (for 25 to 50 slump)

We are targeting a slump of 100mm, we need to increase water content by 3% for every 25mm above 50 mm i.e. increase

6% for 100mm slump



I.e. Estimated water content for 100 Slump = 186+ (6/100) X 186 = 197litres

Water content = 197 liters

STEP 4 – Calculation of Cement Content

Water-Cement Ratio = 0.45

Water content from Step – 3 i.e. 197 liters

Cement Content = Water content / “w-c ratio” = (197/0.45) = 438 kgs

From Table 5 of IS 456,

Minimum cement Content for moderate exposure condition = 300 kg/m3

438 kg/m3 > 300 kg/m3, hence, OK.

As per clause 8.2.4.2 of IS: 456

Maximum cement content = 450 kg/m3, hence ok too.

STEP 5: Proportion of Volume of Coarse Aggregate and Fine aggregate Content

From Table 3 of IS 10262- 2009, Volume of coarse aggregate corresponding to 20 mm size and fine aggregate (Zone II) =

0.62

Note 1: In the present case water-cement ratio is 0.45.So there will be no change in coarse aggregate volume i.e. 0.62

Note 2: Incase the coarse aggregate is not angular one, then also volume of coarse aggregate may be required to be in -

creased suitably based on experience.

STEP 6: Estimation of Concrete Mix Calculations

The mix calculations per unit volume of concrete shall be as follows:

1. Volume of concrete = 1 m3

2. Volume of cement = (Mass of cement / Specific gravity of cement) x (1/100)

= (438/3.10) x (1/1000) = 0.14 m3

3. Volume of water = (Mass of water / Specific gravity of water) x (1/1000)

= (197/1) x (1/1000) = 0.197 m3



4. Total Volume of Aggregates = 1- (b+c) =1- (0.125+0.197) = 0.678 m3

5. Mass of coarse aggregates = d X Volume of Coarse Aggregate X Specific Gravity of Coarse Aggregate X 1000

= 0.678 X 0.62 X 2.80 X 1000

= 1177 kgs/m3

6. Mass of fine aggregates

= d X Volume of Fine Aggregate X Specific Gravity of Coarse Aggregate X 1000

= 0.678 X 0.40 X 2.70 X 1000 = 732 kgs/m3

STEP-7: Concrete Mix proportions for Trial Number 1

Cement = 438 kg/m3

Water = 197 kg/m3

Fine aggregates = 732 kg/m3

Coarse aggregate = 1177 kg/m3

Water-cement ratio = 0.45

Final trial mix for M30 grade concrete is 1:1.67:2.68 at w/c of 0.45

V.RESULTS

5.1 Compressive strength of concrete

S.No % SF+%MDcompressive strength (N/mm2)

7 days 14 days 28 days

1 10%SF+0%MD 19.2 26.4 29.88

2 10%SF+5%MD 20.16 27.42 30.64

3 10%SF+10%MD 20.86 28.6 31.18

4 10%SF+15%MD 21.18 29.2 31.56

5 10%SF+20%MD 21.02 29.04 31.22

6 10%SF+25%MD 20.74 28.46 30.84

Table no: 5.1 Compressive strength of concrete


1 1.67 2.68 0.45


0 5 10 15 20 250

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

19.2 20.16 20.86 21.18 21.02 20.74

26.4 27.42 28.6 29.2 29.04 28.4629.88 30.64 31.18 31.56 31.22 30.84

7days

14days

28days

% of marble powder

com

pres

sive

str

engt

h of

co

ncre

te N

/mm

2

Chat no 5.1: compressive strength of concrete result (N/mm2)

From the above table and graph it was observed that the compressive strength of concrete increases up to 10% SF+15%MD after that increase in the percentage of marble dust the compressive strength of concrete decreases. By addition of steel fibers to the 10% SF+20%MD, 10% SF+25%MD we can increase the compressive strength of concrete.

For 0.25% steel fibers

S.No % SF+%MD+0.25% Steel fiberscompressive strength(N/mm2)

7 days 14 days 28 days

1 10%SF+20%MD 21.26 29.36 31.68

2 10%SF+25%MD 21.34 29.66 31.74

Table no 5.2: compressive strength of concrete result addition of steel fibers (0.25%)

For 0.5% steel fibersS.No

% SF+%MD+0.5% Steel fibers

compressive strength(N/mm2)7 days 14 days 28 days

1 10%SF+20%MD 21.38 29.58 31.922 10%SF+25%MD 21.48 29.78 32.08

Table no 5.3: compressive strength of concrete addition of steel fibers (0.5%)

From the above table and graph it was observed that the compressive strength of concrete is increases up to 10% SF+ 20%MD and 10%SF +25%MD of concrete we added 0.5% of steel fibers it increases the good compressive strength of concrete.

Compressive strength of concrete addition of steel fibers (0.25%v& 0.5%)

20 25 20 2505

101520253035

21.26 21.34 21.38 21.48

29.36 29.66 29.58 29.7831.68 31.74 31.92 32.08

compressive strength addtion of 0.25&0.5% steel fibers

7days

14days

28days

10% slica fume&% marble powdercom

pres

sive

str

engt

h of

co

ncre

teN

/mm

2

Chat no 5.2: compressive strength of concrete addition of steel fibers (0.25% & 0.5%)



5.4 Split tensile strength of concrete

S.No % SF+%MDSplit tensile strength(N/mm2)7 days 28 days

1 10%SF+0%MD 3.16 4.282 10%SF+5%MD 3.28 4.543 10%SF+10%MD 3.56 4.684 10%SF+15%MD 3.72 4.885 10%SF+20%MD 3.86 5.266 10%SF+25%MD 3.7 4.8

Table 5.4: split tensile strength of concrete:

0 5 10 15 20 250

1

2

3

4

5

6

3.16 3.283.56 3.72 3.86 3.7

4.28 4.54 4.68 4.885.26

4.8

7days

14days

10%slica fume &% marble powder

split

tens

ile s

tren

gth

of

conc

rete

N/m

m2

Chat no 5.3: split tensile strength of concrete result (N/mm2)

From the above table and graph it was observed that the Split tensile strength of concrete increases up to 10% SF+20%MD after that increase in the percentage of marble dust the compressive strength of concrete decreases. By addition of steel fibers to the 10% SF+25%MD we can increase the split tensile strength of concrete.


S.no % SF+%MD+0.25% Steel fibersSplit tensile strength

7 days 28 days

1 10%SF+25%MD 3.96 5.58

\ Table no 5.4: spilt tensile strength addition of steel fibers (0.25%)


S.no % SF+%MD+0.5% Steel fibers

Split tensile strength(N/mm2)

7 days 28 days

1 10%SF+25%MD 4.10 5.72

Table no 5.5: spilt tensile strength of concrete addition of steel fibers (0.5%)

From the above table and graph it was observed that the compressive strength of concrete is increases in to 10%SF +25%MD of concrete we added 0.5% of steel fibers it increases the good split tensile strength of concrete.



Split tensile strength of concrete addition of steel fibers (0.25%v& 0.5%)

25 2501234567

3.96 4.1

5.58 5.72

split tensile strength addition of 0.25&0.5% steel fibers

7days

28days

10%slica fume & % marble powder

split

tens

ile s

tren

gth

of

conc

rete

N/m

m2

Chat no 5.4: split tensile strength of concrete addition of steel fibers (0.25% & 0.5%)

5.3 Flexural strength of concrete:

Table no 5.6: flexural strength of concrete result

0 5 10 15 20 250

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

4.02 4.28 4.464.82 4.76 4.52

4.96 5.225.56

5.94 5.78 5.66

7days

28days

10% silca fume & % marble powder

flexu

ral s

tren

gth

of c

oncr

ete

N/m

m2

Chat no 5.5: flexural strength of concrete result(N/mm2)


S.no % SF+%MDFlexural strength of concrete(N/mm2)7 days 28 days

1 10%SF+0%MD 4.02 4.96

2 10%SF+5%MD 4.28 5.22

3 10%SF+10%MD 4.46 5.56

4 10%SF+15%MD 4.82 5.94

5 10%SF+20%MD 4.76 5.78

6 10%SF+25%MD 4.52 5.66


From the above table and graph it was observed that the Flexural strength of concrete increases up to 10% SF+15%MD after that increase in the percentage of marble dust the compressive strength of concrete decreases. By addition of steel fibers to the 10% SF+20%MD, 10% SF+25%MD we can increase the compressive strength of concrete.



Flexural strength of concrete(N/mm2)

7 days 28 days

1 10%SF+20%MD 4.98 6.08

2 10%SF+25%MD 5.10 6.16

Table 5.7: flexural strength of concrete addition of steel fibers (0.25%)



Flexural strength of concrete(N/mm2)

7 days 28 days

1 10%SF+20%MD 5.16 6.24

2 10%SF+25%MD 5.32 6.40

Table no 5.8: flexural strength of concrete addition of steel fibers(0.5%)

From the above table and graph it was observed that the compressive strength of concrete is increases up to 10% SF+ 20%MD and 10%SF +25%MD of concrete we added 0.5% of steel fibers it increases the good flexural strength of concrete.

Flexural strength of concrete addition of steel fibers (0.25% & 0.5%)

20 25 20 250

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

4.98 5.1 5.16 5.326.08 6.16 6.24 6.4

flexural strength of concrete addition of 0.25&0.5% steel fibers

7days

28days

10% silca fume & % marble powder

flexu

ral s

tren

gth

of c

oncr

ete

N/m

m2

Chat no 5.6: flexural strength of concrete addition of steel fibers (0.25% &0.5%)

5.4 Durability of concrete5.4.1 ACID ATTACK

Sl.no %SF+%MD

Initial weight of cube after

28days curing in

grams

Final weight of cubes af-

ter 90days curing in

grams

% loss of weight due to

acid at-tack

Compressive strength of cube after

28days cur-ing

Compressive strength of cubes after 90days cur-

ing

% loss of compres-

sive strength

due to acid attack



1 10%SF+0%MD 2365 2345 0.84 29.88 26.93 9.88

2 10%SF+5%MD 2340 2318 0.96 30.64 27.37 10.66

3 10%SF+10%MD 2330 2304 1.1 31.18 27.56 11.6

4 10%SF+15%MD 2265 2238 1.2 31.56 27.47 11.9

5 10%SF+20%MD 2394 2363 1.3 31.22 27.38 12.3

6 10%SF+25%MD 2286 2255 1.35 30.84 26.94 12.66

Table no 5.9: Acid attack result in concrete

0 5 10 15 20 250

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

0.840.96

1.11.2

1.3 1.35

% loss of weight due to acid attack

10% slica fume & % marble powder

% lo

ss o

f wei

ght

Chat no5.7:%loss of weight due to acid attack

0 5 10 15 20 250

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

9.8810.66

11.6 11.9 12.3 12.66

% loss of compressive strength of concrete due to acid attack

10%silica fume & % marble powder

% lo

ss o

f com

pres

sive

str

engt

hN/m

m2

Chat no 5.8: %loss of compressive strength due to acid attack

5.6.2 SULPHATE ATTACK



Sl.no %SF+%MD Compressive strength of cube after 28days curing

Compressive strength of cubes after 90days

curing

% loss of compressive strength due to sulphate attack

1 10%SF+0%MD 29.88 23.84 20.202 10%SF+5%MD 30.64 24.16 21.143 10%SF+10%MD 31.18 24.31 22.024 10%SF+15%MD 31.56 24.34 22.885 10%SF+20%MD 31.22 24.00 23.146 10%SF+25%MD 30.84 23.57 23.56

Table 5.10: Sulphate attack test result

0 5 10 15 20 2518192021222324

20.221.14

22.0222.88 23.14 23.56

% loss of compressive strength due to sulphate attack

10% slica fume & marble powder

% lo

ss o

f com

pres

sive

str

engt

h

Chat no 5.9: % loss of compressive strength due to sulphate attack

VI.CONCLUSIONSFrom the above experimental study the following conclusions were made

The value of slump decreases with increase in the percentage of marble dust from 10%SF+0%MD to 10%SF+25%MD. The value of compaction factor increases with increase in the percentage of marble dust from 10%SF+0%MD to

10%SF+25%MD. The optimal value (maximum value) of compressive strength was observed at 10%SF+15%MD for 7days, 14 days and 28

days. After 10%SF+15%MD the compressive strength of concrete decreases the compressive strength of concrete can be increased

by addition steel fibers of 0.25% and 0.5% The optimal value (maximum value) of Split tensile strength was observed at 10%SF+20%MD for 7days and 28 days. Sim-

ilar to the compressive strength split tensile strength can be increased by addition of steel fibers of 0.25% and 0.5% The optimal value (maximum value) of split tensile strength was observed at 10%SF+20%MD for 7days and 28 days. Similar

to the compressive strength split tensile strength can be increased by addition of steel fibers of 0.25% and 0.5% The optimal value (maximum value) of Flexural strength was observed at 10%SF+15%MD for 7days and 28 days. Similar to

the compressive strength split tensile strength can be increased by addition of steel fibers of 0.25% and 0.5% The durability of concrete due to acid attack, alkalinine attack, sulphate attack increases with increase in the percentage of

Marble dust. Marble dust can be used as the replaced material for the cement for decrease in the cost of construction and increase in the

strength.



VII.REFERANCES

[1] Shafeeqahamed, brijbhushan s, maneethp.d, “an Prof. Veena G. Pathan1 , Prof. Md. Gulfam Pathan2) etcal..,(2014)FEASIBILITY AND NEED OF USE OF WASTE MARBLE POWDER IN CONCRETE PRODUCTIONe- ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X.

[2] M. Shahul Hameed1 and A. S. S. Sekar2 VOL. 4, et al.., (2009).PROPERTIES OF GREEN CONCRETE MARBLE SLUDGE POWDER AS FINE AGGREGATE),volume 4, june 2009.

[3] G V Vigneshpandian1, E Aparna Shruthi2, C.Venkatasubramanian3 and D.Muthu4 et al..,(2017),UTILISATION OF WASTE MARBLE DUST AS FINE AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE,ICCIEE 2017.

[4] Bhupendra Singh Kalchuri1,Dr. Rajeev Chandak2, R.K.Yadav3 Vol. 5 et al.. (2015 ), STUDY ON CONCRETE USING MARBLE POWDER WASTE AS PARTIALREPLACEMENT OF SAND Vol. 5, Issue 4,( Part -6) 2015,

[5] Rishi1,Dr.Vanita Aggarwal2,EFFECT ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE AND CEMENT BY WASTE MARBLE POWDER/ GRANULES ON FLEXURAL AND SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH. .Volume 11,Issue 4,( 2014)

[6] Ramkumar1,ankhith2,AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MARBLE POWDER ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE. Volume 7, Issue 4, 2016.

[7] PoojaJ.Chavhan , Prof. S. D. Bhole.TO STUDY THE BEHAVIOUR OF MARBLE POWDER AS SUPPLEMENTRY CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL IN CONCRETE. Vol. 4, Issue 4 ,et al..,(2014).

[8] Nitisha Sharma1 , Ravi Kumar2,REVIEW ON USE OF WASTE MARBLE POWDER AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT IN CONCRETE MIX et al..,(2015) (SSRG-IJCE) .

[9] Anne Mary J 1, Robin B2,Prashanth M3&Ranganathan C,AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE BY WASTE MARBLE POWDER,Vol. 3, Special Issue 35,2017.

[10] Ram Kumar ,Er.Jitender Dhaka,” PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH SILICA FUME AND ITS EFFECTS ON CONCRETE PROPERTIES”, International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering Volume 4, Issue 1, September-2016.

[11] experimental investigation on steel fiber reinforced concrete with partial replacement of natural sand by msand”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017.


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