iistoria seulamazebladstoria seulamazeblad - …dl.sangu.edu.ge/pdf/istsheul.pdf · 1 ssaqartvelos...
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saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulissaqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis
saxelobis qarTuli universitetisaxelobis qarTuli universiteti
istoria Seulamazebladistoria Seulamazeblad
gamomcemloba `qarTuli universiteti~gamomcemloba `qarTuli universiteti~
Tbilisi 2014Tbilisi 2014
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winamdebare krebuli sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-
arqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposisa da biWvinTisa da cx-
um-afxazeTis mitropolitis ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviTa da xe-
ldasxmiT ibeWdeba. masSi XX saukunis meore naxevrisa da XXI
saukunis dasawyisis saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis istoriis calkeuli epizodebia warmodgenili. zogierTi
masala pirvelad qveyndeba da amdenad, saintereso iqneba mkiTxvel-
isaTvis.
krebulSi dabeWdili masalebis avtorebi arian: akademikosi roin roin
metrevelimetreveli, profesori sergo vardosaniZesergo vardosaniZe, mamuka giorgaZe, mamuka giorgaZe, profe-
sori vaxtang gurulivaxtang guruli, profesori goCagoCa saiTiZesaiTiZe, profesori jaba jaba
samuSiasamuSia, profesori vaxtang sarTaniavaxtang sarTania.
krebuli gankuTvnilia mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisaTvis.
krebuli Seadgines profesorma vaxtang gurulma vaxtang gurulma da
istoriis doqtorma levan jiqiamlevan jiqiam
redaqtorebi: akademikosi roin metreveli,roin metreveli,
profesori sergo vardosaniZe sergo vardosaniZe
ISBN 978-9941-9382-5-2
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winasityvawinasityva
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sergo vardosaniZesergo vardosaniZe
saqarTvelos eklesia XX saukunissaqarTvelos eklesia XX saukunis
50-70-ian wlebSi50-70-ian wlebSi
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia 116-wliani
monobisagan ganTavisuflda 1917 wlis 12 (25) marts da Seudga
iZulebiT Sewyvetili istoriuli misiis Sesrulebas. uwmides-
ma da unetaresma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma
kirion II-m Tavisi rogorc eklesiis saWeTmpyroblis misia ase
Camoayaliba: `ganmtkiceba axladaRdgenili eklesiisa mis istori-
ul uflebaTa farglebSi... ganTavisuflebuli eklesia kvlav unda
daubrundes eris mTlian gvams, raTa viyvneT yovelni erni erT
gvam da erTiorad viRvwodeT saerTo warmatebisaTvis... eklesia
mudam edga darajad qarTveli eris mTlianobasa da damoukide-
blobas; es iyo erTgvari droSa, romlis qveS Rvioda naperwkali
qarTvelTa solidarobis ideisa, eklesiam xeli unda Seuwyos
Cvens ganmtkiceba-gaerTianebas, raTa kacobriobis ferxulSi vi po-
voT Sesaferisi da damsaxurebuli adgili~.
XX saukunis 20-50-iani wlebis saqarTvelos samociqulo ekle-
siis istoria iyo umagaliTo devna-Seviwroebisa da misi Svilebis
msxverplad Sewirvis istoria. bolSevikurma totalitarulma
sistemam administraciuli wesiT daxura an daangria 1000-ze meti
eklesia-monasteri, iZulebiT ganmosa an daatusaRa 1200-ze meti
sasuliero piri, sabWoTa sistemis Ralatis braldebiT daapatimra
sakaTolikoso sabWos mTeli Semadgenloba kaTolikos-patriarq am-
brosis meTaurobiT, daxvrita 100-ze meti sasuliero piri, maT So-
ris _ ori mRvdelmTavari (nazari leJava, varlam maxaraZe). religia
da sasuliero pirebi mSromelTa mtrebad gamocxaddnen. 1939-1940
wlebSi saxelmwifos mier dawesebuli gadasaxadebis gadauxdelobis
sababiT administraciuli wesiT daxurvis safrTxe daemuqra sionisa
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da sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZrebs. Seqmnili viTarebiT SeZr-
wunebulma kaTolikos-patriarqma uwmidesma kalistratem sagangebo
weriliT mimarTa saqarTvelos mTavrobas, mmarTveli partiis cen-
traluri komitetis pirvel mdivans kandid Carkvians. `daxurul
eklesiaTa Soris _ werda misi uwmidesoba _ aris msoflioSi
saxelganTqmuli mcxeTis `sveticxoveli~, romelic cnobilia ara
marto imiT, rom iSviaTi istoriuli Zeglia, aramed umTavresad
imiT, rom is aris qarTveli eris akvani da embazi. Cveni xalxisa da
eklesiis uryevi tradiciiT saqarTvelos eklesiis mamamTavris, kaTa-
likos-patriarqis kurTxeva ueWvelad unda moxdes sveticxovelSi.
amitom xsenebuli taZris aramoqmed eklesiad gadaqceva pirdapiri
nabijia aTeulsaukunovani eklesiis damoukideblobis gauqmebisaken~.
aseT rTul viTarebaSi uxdebodaT moRvaweoba saqarTvelos marTl-
madidebeli eklesiis saWeTmpyroblebs _ uwmidessa da unetaress
ambrosis, qristefores, kalistrates. eklesiisadmi xelisuflebis
damokidebuleba Seicvala meore msoflio omis periodSi. 1943 wlis
31 oqtombers ruseTis eklesiam oficialurad aRiara saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis teritoriuli avtokefalia, gaixsna ad-
ministraciuli wesiT daxuruli eklesiebi, magram mosaxleobis um-
ravlesoba daSorda marTlmadidebel sarwmunoebas, Tumca iyo gam-
onaklisebic... aseTebi iyvnen momavali patriarqis mSoblebi giorgi
simonis Ze SiolaSvili da natalia iosebis asuli kobaiZe, romlebic
1927 wels droebiT sacxovreblad yazbegis raionis sofel snodan
vladikavkazSi gadavidnen.
1933 wlis 4 ianvars ojaxs axali wevri Seemata, daibada vaJi,
romelsac mamam mefe erekle II-is pativsacemad irakli daarqva. im
dros vladikavkazSi jer kidev iyo wmida ninos saxelobis qarTuli
eklesia, romelic sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis iu-
risdiqciaSi Sedioda. taZris winamZRvari, arqimandriti tarasi kan-
delaki, kaTolikos-patriarq kirion II-is yofili mdivani, gaWirvebiT,
magram mainc axerxebda eklesiis dacvas rogorc adgilobrivi saero,
aseve sasuliero xelisuflebis Semotevebisagan.
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patara irakli monaTles wmida ninos saxelobis qarTul ekle-
siaSi. misi naTlia _ monazoni zoile dvaliSvili _ didi xnis
ganmavlobaSi mcxeTis dedaTa monastris winamZRvari iyo. naTlias
naTluli xSirad Camohyavda mcxeTaSi. erTxel, sveticxovlobaze, man
ymawvili irakli uwmidessa da unetaress, sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarq kalistratesTan miiyvana da daalocvina. moma-
vali patriarqis mravalricxovani ojaxi (deda, mama, Zmebi: Teimurazi,
SoTa, viqtori, da – nino) yoveldRe loculobda. `ar maxsovs Cemi
Tavi uflisadmi rwmenisa da siyvarulis gareSe... TviT Cemi ojaxi
iyo morwmune da mSoblebi bavSvobidanve gvinergavdnen RvTis siy-
varuls. saxlSi mudam gvqonda xatebi, aucileblad enTo kandeli,
yovel SabaT-kviras eklesiaSi davdiodiT,“ _ixsenebs misi uwmidesoba.
giorgi SiolaSvilis ojaxi mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli de-
dasamSoblosTan, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq kalis-
trate cincaZesTan. es urTierToba kidev ufro gamyarda 1938 wlis
24 Tebervlis Semdeg, rodesac gauqmda vladikavkazis wmida ninos
saxelobis qarTuli eklesia da daiwyo morwmune qarTvelobis dev-
na-Seviwroeba. `Cemi bavSvoba, – aRniSnavs misi uwmidesoba, – daemTx-
va saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis metad mZime periods. samRvdeloeba
idevneboda, eklesiebi ixureboda. xalxs wirva-locvaze daswrebisa
eSinoda. Cvens saxls xSirad afarebdnen Tavs devnili sasuliero
pirebi, TveobiT rCebodnen isini CvenTan da waruSlel kvals tovebd-
nen piradad Cems azrovnebasa da bunebaze~.
giorgi SiolaSvilis ojaxTan megobrobdnen mahmadiani qistebic.
rogorc uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II aRniSnavs, xSirad isini maTi
saxlis stumrebisTvis gamoyofil oTaxSic loculobdnen TavianTi
wesis mixedviT, Semdeg ki stumrebi da maspinZlebi sadilze erTad
ikribebodnen. giorgi da natalia SiolaSvilebis RvawliT, 1947
wels vladikavkazSi aSenda yovladwmida RvTismSoblis safarvelis
saxelobis eklesia. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivSi daculia ma-
salebi, romlebic adasturebs am faqts.
1952 wels, uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrates gardacvalebis
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gamo, vladikavkazidan Camovida qarTvelTa saTvistomos delegacia,
romelsac giorgi SiolaSvili xelmZRvanelobda.
patara irakli zafxuls ZiriTadad snoSi, sagvareulo saxlSi,
atarebda, ufrosebisgan ismenda xalxur Tqmulebebs, dadioda sno-
sa da Trusos xeobebSi, aTvalierebda mravalricxovan cixe-koSkebs,
eklesia-monastrebs... igi 1941 wlis seqtemberSi q. orjonikiZis
22-e saSualo skolis pirveli klasis moswavle gaxda. ojaxuri
tradiciidan gamomdinare, patara irakli did dros uTmobda wir-
va-locvebs, Tumca es xels ar uSlida kargad eswavla saskolo
sagnebi. gansakuTrebiT itacebda istoria, geografia, ucxo ena.
1941 wlis 22 ivniss faSisturi germania Tavs daesxa sabWo-
Ta kavSirs. germanelTa jarebma pirvel TveebSi moaxerxes sabWoTa
kavSiris siRrmeSi SemoWra. 1941 wlis Semodgomaze isini miadgnen
moskovs, safrTxe Seeqmna kavkasias. vladikavkazi frontispira qa-
laqad iqca. Ggiorgi SiolaSvilma ojaxi Seqmnil safrTxes ganari-
da da mSobliur snoSi Camoiyvana. omis damTavrebis Semdeg irakli
SiolaSvilma swavla ganagrZo vladikavkazis 22-e skolaSi, rome-
lic daamTavra 1952 wels. imave wlis ivnisSi irakli giorgis Ze
SiolaSvilis saxelze Zaujikaus (orjonikiZe – vladikavkazi) 22-e
skolam gasca atestati # 946415. axalgazrda iraklim gadawyvi-
ta, swavla gaegrZelebina moskovis sasuliero seminariaSi, sadac
RvTismetyvelebis SeswavlisaTvis saukeTeso pirobebi iyo _ gamor-
Ceuli pedagogebi, mdidari biblioTeka, seminariis zomierad mkacri
Sinaganawesi. uwmidesi da unetaresi siyvaruliTa da madlierebiT
ixsenebs Tavis pedagogebs, romelnic gamoirCeodnen saocari pasux-
ismgeblobiTa da siyvaruliT studentebis mimarT.
1956-1960 wlebSi irakli SiolaSvili zagorskis sasuliero
akademiis studentia. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivSi daculi do-
kumentebi srul warmodgenas gviqmnis irakli SiolaSvilis moskovis
sasuliero seminariasa da akademiaSi swavlis periodze. I kursis
niSnebis furceli, romelic Sevsebulia 1953 wlis 11 maiss, gvamc-
nobs, rom irakli SiolaSvils yvela saganSi aqvs ̀ friadi~, II kursze
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mxolod berZnulSi aqvs `4“, III kursze igi kvlav friadosania.
irakli SiolaSvilma I kursze swavlis dros sakonkursod warad-
gina Txzuleba, romelmac pirveli adgili daimsaxura. gamarjvebuli
dajildovda 50 maneTiT mitropolit filaretis fondidan, xolo
trocki-sergeevis lavram mas 30 maneTi gadasca. sapatriarqo arqi-
vSi daculia misi CaTvlis wignaki (niSnebis furclebi), romelsac
xels aweren akademiis inspeqtori v. sariCevi da mdivani n. muravio-
vi. akademiis kursdamTavrebul mRvdel-monazon ilias yvela saganSi
friadi aqvs.
akademiaSi swavlis pirvelsave wels irakli SiolaSvilma miiRo
gadawyvetileba, uari eTqva saero cxovrebaze da berad aRkveciliyo.
1957 wlis 16 aprils Tbilisis aleqsandre nevelis saxelobis ekle-
siaSi, uwmidesisa da unetaresis, melqisedek III-is locva-kurTxeviT
episkoposma zinobma irakli SiolaSvili berad aRkveca da saxelad
uwoda ilia. rodesac meufe zinobma beradaRkvecili ilia sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs, uwmidessa da unetares melqi-
sedek III-s warudgina, gaxarebulma patriarqma am sityvebiT mimarTa
mas: aTi SenisTana rom myavdes, saqarTvelos eklesias aRaraferi
gauWirdebao. 18 aprils sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi sruliad saqa-
rTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma da unetaresma melqisedek
III-m xeli daasxa mas ierodiakvnad. 1959 wlis 10 maiss uwmidesisa
da unetaresis, melqisedek III-is werilobiTi nebarTviT ruseTis
patriarqma aleqsi I-ma zagorskis wmida sergis savanis satrapezoSi
ierodiakoni ilia mRvdel-monazvnad akurTxa.
sasuliero akademiaSi swavlis dros irakli SiolaSvils kidev
ufro gaumZafrda dedaeklesiisa da samSoblos siyvaruli. amis
dasturia misi werili sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq-
is, uwmidesisa da unetaresis, melqisedek III-sadmi. werili imdenad
mniSvnelovania, rom saWirod mimaCnia misi srulad warmodgena: ̀ Tqve-
no uwmidesobav, gvakurTxeT... aq, Cvens wreSi, vrceldeba xmebi imis
Sesaxeb, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia TiTqos dasasruls
uaxlovdeba, radgan: 1) mTeli rigi eparqiebi umoqmedod, mRvdelm-
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Tavris gareSea da arc arsebobs saTanado kadri; 2) RvTismsaxure-
bis dros eklesiebSi morwmuneTa daswreba erTob mcirea; 3) saqa-
rTvelos marTlmadidebel avtokefaliur eklesias ar aqvs seminaria,
gamomcemloba, saeklesio muzeumi, wignsacavi, biblioTeka.
laparakia imis Sesaxeb, rom cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi ar iqneba
daSvebuli axlad xeldasxmuli qarTveli mRvdelmTavari (saubaria
episkopos leonide Jvaniaze _ da rom mRvdelmTavarTa Soris arian
iseTebic, romlebic araqarTvelTa Sorisac ki avrceleben ubadruk
azrs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis epar-
qiebis gamsxvilebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb.
zemoTmoyvanili ZiriTadi problemebis irgvliv Tqven mier miRe-
buli zomebi, saqarTvelos ssr mTavrobis TavmjdomaresTan Sex-
vedris CaTvliT, CvenTvis cnobilia, magram zogierTi mware sinamdvi-
lis gamo vaZlevT Tavs nebas, rom Tqveni yuradReba mivapyroT Semdeg
garemoebas: sabWoTa mTavrobis saTanado dadgenilebis safuZvelze,
ruseTis, ukrainis, somxeTis, sxva mokavSire respublikebSi arsebobs
sasuliero seminaria-akademiebi, xdeba RvTismsaxurebisaTvis saWiro
literaturis gamocema, xatebis gamravleba, eklesia-monastrebis aR-
dgena-ganaxleba. saqarTvelos eklesias Tu upiratesoba ara aqvs,
gamonakliss mainc ar warmoadgens, mxolod saWiroa am iuridiuli
uflebis adgilobrivi mTavrobis meSveobiT gamoyeneba. saqarTvelos
ssr xelisufalT, arsebuli wesis dacviT, materialuri SesaZleblo-
bis farglebSi, waredginos werilobiTi saxis ganacxadi saqarTve-
los avtokefaliuri samociqulo eklesiis sasicocxlo sakiTxebis
Sesaxeb da energiulad iqnas moTxovnili pirvel rigSi, seminariis
(ara kursebis) gaxsnis, saWiro literaturis gamocemis, saeklesio
muzeumis, wignsacavis daarsebis, gelaTis, wilknis, nikorwmindis, ya-
zbegis, ananuris, goris eklesiebSi RvTismsaxurebis uflebis aRd-
gena-ganaxlebis Sesaxeb... saqarTvelos eklesiis da misi meTauris
mtersa da orguls Cvens pirad mtrad vTvliT, magram ganuxorciele-
beli gandidebis survilis gamo ganawyenebulni, patriarqis Sorsm-
Wvreteli gonebis TvaliT da keTili nebiT, SeiZleba Cayenebul iqnan
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saqarTvelos eklesiis sakeTildReo saqmianobaSi.
qarTveli eris siamaye, siwminde da dideba `sveticxoveli“ ara
marto Cveni xalxis, aramed ucxoelTa yuradRebasac imsaxurebs da
amis gamo mis wmida midamoebSi Tqveni locva-kurTxeviT saeklesio
muzeumwignsacavis gaxsna yovelmxriv gamarTlebuli iqneboda. Tqveni
mowodebiT, mosaxleobaSi gabneuli istoriuli Tu siZveleTa dacvis
TvalsazrisiT bevri didmniSvnelovani saeklesio daniSnulebis niv-
Ti, wigni, wmida xatebi, jvari da sxva aRmoCndeboda eklesiis sa-
kuTrebaSi, e.i. daculi iqneboda SesaZlebeli ganadgurebisagan. mzad
varT am didi saqmisaTvis gaviRoT piradi biblioTekac. saaRdgomo
ardadegebisaTvis SesaZloa veaxloT Tqvens uwmidesobas da Tqveni
miTiTebiTa da locva-kurTxeviT, arsebuli wesis dacviT, sadResas-
waulo qadagebebiT mivmarToT morwmune sazogadoebas. Rrma pativ-
iscemiT geamborebiT da gamoviTxov Tqvens wmida locva-kurTxevas.
i. SiolaSvili, zagorski, 1957 wlis 12 Tebervali“.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis umZimesi
mdgomareoba mosvenebas ukargavda axalgazrda students da aseTi
Tamami, magram samarTliani gancxadebiT mimarTavda igi uwmidessa da
unetaress melqisedek III-s. zagorskis sasuliero akademiaSi swavlis
dros mRvdel-monazonma iliam sakvalifikacio Temad airCia `aTonis
iverTa monastris istoria“. rusulenovani masalebis moZiebisa da
damuSavebis Semdeg igi Sexvda zagorskis akademiis reqtors dekanoz
k. ruJikcis da sTxova, mieca nebarTva, ramdenime TviT wamosuli-
yo saqarTveloSi qarTulenovani literaturis srulad Seswavlis
mizniT. 1959 wlis 4 ivnisiTaa daTariRebuli reqtor k. ruJickis
momarTva saqarTvelos erovnuli biblioTekis, centraluri arqi-
vis, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis xelmZRvanelobis saxel-
ze, raTa TavianTi dawesebulebebis biblioTekebSi, wignsacavebsa da
xelnawerTa ganyofilebaSi samuSaod daeSvaT sasuliero akademiis
IV kursis studenti mRvdel-monazoni ilia (irakli giorgis Ze
SiolaSvili). man ramdenime Tve imuSava Tbilisis biblioTekebSi,
qarTveli mecnierebisagan miiRo rCevebi.
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1960 wlis ivnisSi zagorskis akademiaSi Sedga mRvdel-monazon
ilias sakvalifikacio naSromis sajaro dacva. oficialurma opo-
nentebma _ profesorebma n. muraviovma da a. georgievskim _ maRali
Sefaseba misces warmodgenil naSroms. moskovis zagorskis sasulie-
ro akademiis reqtorma
sagangebo weriliT mimarTa moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis pa-
triarqs uwmides aleqsi I-s, raTa saukeTeso naSromisaTvis daejil-
doebina RvTismetyvelebis kandidati, mRvdel-monazoni ilia. saqa-
rTvelos sapatriarqo arqivSi daculia zagorskis akademiis mier
mRvdel-monazon ilia SiolaSvilis saxelze gacemuli warCinebis
diplomi, romelsac xels aweren: akademiis reqtori, dekanozi k. ru-
Jicki, inspeqtori, arqimandriti pitirimi, mdivani a. ostapovi.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II avtobiografiaSi aRniSnavs: `sa-
suliero akademiis samecniero sabWom daadgina, me vyofiliyavi da-
tovebuli akademiaSi profesorTa stipendiatad, magram Cemi eris
siyvarulma mimatovebina es yvelaferi da momiyvana saqarTveloSi“.
igi eaxla uwmidessa da unetaress, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-
likos-patriarqs efrem II-s da aseTi gancxadebiT mimarTa: `Tqveno
uwmidesobav! gacnobebT, rom 1960 wels davamTavre moskovis sasu-
liero akademia. gTxovT, momceT samsaxuri, gamgzavnoT iq, sadac Tqven
scnobT saWirod.“ uwmidesma da unetaresma efrem II-m mRvdel-mona-
zoni ilia baTumis sakaTedro taZris mRvdelmsaxurad daniSna.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is mier Sedgenil avtobi-
ografiaSi vkiTxulobT: `1960 wlis 19 dekembers uwmidesisa da
unetaresi efrem II-is mier aRyvanil viyavi iRumenis xarisxSi,
1961 wlis 16 seqtembers _ arqimandritis pativSi“ 1963 wlis 23
agvistos sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmide-
sisa da unetaresis _ efrem II-is TavmjdomareobiT Sedga saqa-
rTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis
sxdoma, romelmac baTumis wmida nikolozis sakaTedro taZris
winamZRvris moadgile, arqimandriti ilia, gamoarCia Semoqmedel
episkoposad. axali episkoposis xeldasxma Sesrulda kviras, 25
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agvistos, sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi. arqimandrit ilias
episkoposad kurTxevas eswrebodnen: sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-
likos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi efrem II, urbneli mit-
ropoliti daviTi (devdariani), quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropoli-
ti naomi (SavianiZe), cxum-afxazeTis episkoposi leonide (Jvania),
stefanavaneli episkoposi zinobi (maJuga).
mravalmxriv sayuradReboa sityva, romelic arqimandritma iliam
Semoqmedel episkoposad kurTxevis Jams warmoTqva: ̀ Tqveno uwmideso-
bav! Tqveno maRalyovladusamRvdeloesobav, Tqveno yovladusamRvde-
loesobav, RvTivgangrZnobilno mwyemsmTavarno da moZRvarno! nebiTa
RmrTisaTa da brZanebiTa Tqvenisa uwmidesobis da unetaresobis
kaTolikosisTanai samRvdelo sinodis saqarTvelos marTlmadide-
beli eklesiisa, mowodebul var mRvdelmTavrobis madlis misaRebad
samsaxurisaTvis. CemTvis friad Znelia, gamovTqva Sinagani sulieri
gancdani da mRelvarebani, romliTac var axla garemoculi, am CemT-
vis metad saRmrTo da saidumlo Jams. vgrZnob SiSsa da Zrwolas,
magram, amave dros, sulier sixaruls da imeds, SiSsa da Zrwolas
ganvicdi, radgan ar vgrZnob Tavs saamisod momzadebulad. ukeTu xan-
Si Sesuli xvavbaraqiani didi pavle mociquli ityvis: `viqadi mxo-
lod uZlurebiTa CemiTao“. me arRara meTqmis am siWabukis wlebSi,
romel welTa simcires ar moucia CemTvis saamiso gamocdileba, ma-
gram mZime gancdebis dros manugeSebs da mamxnevebs is madli RvTisa,
romelic unda gardamovides Cems uZlurebas zeda Tqveni saRmrTo
marjvenis xeldasxmiT. me mwams, rom is, romelic aris dasabami da
dasasruli yovlisa arsisa, is, romelic gardamoxda zeciT dace-
muli kacis aRsadgenad, SemaZlebinebs keTilad warvmarTo es didi
samsaxuri. Tu TaviT TvisiT kacs ver ZaluZs miRebad am pativisa,
mieniWeba mxolod RvTis mier mowodebuls (ebraelTa 5,4)... RmerTi
Seeweva da gauwevs mfarvelobas im kacs, romelic Rrmad morwmunea
da guli gamTbari aqvs RvTisa da kacis siyvaruliT. RmerTi mian-
iWebs sibrZnes da gulisxmayofasa mas, romelsac aqvs SiSi RvTisa.
amisTana kaczed ityvis brZeni solomoni: `dasabami sibrZnisa SiSi
14
RvTisa ars“, xolo mRvdelmTavars mudam sWirdeba sibrZne RvTiuri,
gonebiT iyves brZeni da maRali, xolo cxovrebiT _ ubralo da
mdabali. iyves erTguli daraji qristes eklesiisa, iyves Semosili
ubiwo cxovrebiT, viTarca brZanebs mociquli pavle. sityvisamebr
brZeni solomonisa, `romelic vals ubiwod, igi vals uSiSrad“. vxe-
dav ra yovelive amaSi Seuryevels nebas RvTisa, Tavmdablad movixri
suliersa da xorciels qedsa Cemsa Tqvens winaSe.
mamamTavarTa mamamTavaro! wmida yovladsamRvdelono da mamano
da esreT vqadageb: gmadlobT, morCil var brZanebisa Tqvenisa da ar-
aras mciresa winaaRmdgomsa vityvi. gevedrebiT, Tqveno uwmidesobav da
yovladsamRvdelono, odes damdebT cxovelmyofeli sulis momniWe-
belTa xelTa TqvenTa, mrCobil aRvavlendeT winaSe RvTisa locvaTa
TqvenTa, raTa gardamosulman sulman wmidaman aRavsos yovelive nak-
lovanebani Cemni, raTa viqmne saxed morwmuneTa sityviT svliT, siy-
varuliT, siwmidiT, raTa Jams meored mosvlisasa mokrZalebiT garna
kadnierebiT warvsdge winaSe marTalsa msajulisa gancxadebad: `aha
esera, me da yrmani, romelni momcna me RmerTman“ (ebraelTa 2.13). amin“.
episkoposi ilia dainiSna sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos–
patriarqis qorepiskoposad. masve daevala 1963 wlidan mcxeTis
samoZRvro kursebis xelmZRvaneloba. axalgazrda mRvdelmTavari
energiulad Seudga mcxeTis samoZRvro kursebis sasuliero semi-
nariad gadakeTebisaTvis niadagis momzadebas. akademiaSi miRebulma
farTo ganaTlebam mas saSualeba misca, maRal doneze daeyenebina ro-
gorc disciplina, aseve saswavlo procesi. Semoqmedelma episkoposma
da saswavleblis direqtorma seminariaSi samuSaod miiwvia cnobili
mecnierebi, Seadgines saswavlo programebi, saleqcio konspeqtebi,
sistematurad tardeboda pedsabWos sxdomebi. igi saswavlebelSi
momxdar mniSvnelovan RonisZiebebs uTanxmebda uwmidessa da une-
taress efrem II-s. `Tqveno uwmidesobav, gvakurTxeT, zeg saSobaoT
studentebs vuSvebT ardadegebze. xval, 12 saaTze, vfiqrob pedsabWos
mowvevas. CvenTvis metad sasiamovno da sasargeblo iqneba, Tu Camo-
brZandebiT da daeswrebiT. episkoposi ilia“.
15
uwmidesi efrem II pedsabWos yvela sxdomas eswreboda. mcxeTis
sasuliero seminaria Semoqmedeli episkoposis, ilias Tavdadebuli
SromiT Rirseul saswavleblad iqca. man moaxerxa saswavleblis
winaSe arsebuli uamravi problemis gadalaxva. mcxeTis sasuliero
seminariis avtoritetze metyvelebda is faqti, rom aqaur kursdam-
Tavrebulebs ugamocdod iRebdnen zagorskis sasuliero akademiaSi.
meufe ilia, SemdegSi uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II, yovelTvis pa-
tiviscemiT ixsenebda zagorskis akademias, akademia ki amayobda Tavisi
kursdamTavrebuliT. 1978 wlis 16 Tebervals zagorskis sasuliero
akademiis samecniero sabWom igi Tavis sapatio wevrad airCia. patri-
arqi moskovSi vizitisas yovelTvis stumrobs zagorskis akademias.
1963–1967 wlebSi meufe ilia moRvaweobda Semoqmedis epar-
qiaSi, xolo 1967 wlis 1 seqtembridan sruliad saqarTvelos ka-
Tolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresi efrem II-is loc-
va-kurTxeviT, episkoposi ilia gadayvanil iqna cxumafxazeTis
eparqiis mmarTvelad.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi cxum-afx-
azeTis eparqia erT-erTi yvelaze rTuli eparqia iyo. XIX saukuneSi,
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis
gauqmebis Semdeg, ruseTis saimperatoro xelisufleba gansakuTre-
bul mniSvnelobas aniWebda cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi ruseTis ekle-
siuri interesebis ganmtkicebas. daiwyo eparqiidan qarTveli sasu-
liero pirebis gamoZeveba da maTi rusebiT Canacvlebis procesi.
XX saukunis dasawyisSi, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis brZolis gaaqtiurebis fonze,
ruseTis xelisuflebam scada soxumis eparqiis saqarTvelos saeg-
zarqosodan gamoyofa, magram afxazeTis qarTvelobis winaaRmdegobis
gamo es ver moaxerxa. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis
rusulma samrevloebma, ruseTis eklesiis xelSewyobiT, uari ga-
nacxades, damorCilebodnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samoci-
qulo eklesiis iurisdiqcias, saqarTvelos kaTolikos–patriarqis
16
mier daniSnul cxum-afxazeTis qarTvel mRvdelmTavrebs. viTareba
kidev ufro garTulda XX saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi, rodesac
adgilobrivi separatistuli tendenciebis matarebeli partiuli
xelmZRvaneloba, qveyanaSi arsebuli saerTo antireligiuri brZo-
lis fonze, kidev ufro aviwroebda qarTvel sasuliero pirebs,
eparqiis mRvdelmTavrebs. 1937 wels daapatimres da gadaasaxles
cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti varlam maxaraZe (igi 1944 wels ga-
dasaxlebaSi gardaicvala). viTareba SedarebiT gamosworda 1943
wlis Semdeg, rodesac ruseTis eklesiam oficialurad aRiara saqa-
rTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis teritoriuli
avtokefalia. cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis rusulenovani samRvdeloeba
iZulebuli gaxda, Serigeboda Seqmnil viTarebas.
1938-1952 wlebSi cxum-afxazeTis eparqias ganagebda mitro-
politi antoni (gigineiSvili), 1957–1964 wlebSi ki
episkoposi leonide (Jvania). am dros eparqiaSi moqmedi iyo 7
eklesia: soxumis wmida nikolozis, Tavisuflebis, sasaflaos eklesia,
iloris wmida giorgis, lixnis, uspenskis, gagris samlocvelo saxli.
RvTismsaxurTa umravlesoba araqarTveli iyo. wirva-locva rusul
enaze sruldeboda. mdgomareoba arc 1965–1967 wlebSi Secvlila,
rodesac eparqias mitropoliti romanozi (petriaSvili) ganageb-
da. aseTi eparqia Caibara 1967 wels episkoposma iliam. afxazeTis
avtonomiuri respublikis religiis saqmeTa rwmunebuli iyo gaafx-
azebuli qarTveli a. lagvilava, romelic yvelanairad aviwroebda
sasuliero pirebs, morwmune mrevls. erT-erT saidumlo werilSi,
romelic man sabWoTa kavSiris religiis saqmeTa komitetis Tavmj-
domaris saxelze gagzavna, igi werda, rom aucilebeli iyo sofel ka-
manSi meRoreobis an mefrinveleobis fermis aSeneba. `amiT dakavdeba
is farTobi, romelsac wminda adgilad cnoben da, amave dros, adgili
aRar eqneba morwmuneTa masobriv Sesvlas wyalSi gansakurneblad“, _
atyobinebda igi komisiis Tavmjdomares.
cxum-afxazeTis episkoposma iliam moaxerxa mrevlis Semokreba.
Tu mis mRvdelmTavrobamde mxolod 2 qarTveli sasuliero piri
17
moRvaweobda eparqiaSi, 1975 wels isini ukve Tormetni gaxdnen. es
iyo meufe ilias Sors gamiznuli politika, aseT viTarebaSi afxazi
separatistebi ver moaxerxebdnen cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi Tavisi
miznebis ganxorcielebas.
1969 wlis 17 maiss uwmidesma da unetaresma, sruliad saqa-
rTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma efrem II-m episkoposi ilia mit-
ropolitis xarisxSi aiyvana. 1972 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis
winaSe didi damsaxurebisaTvis man miiRo meore panaRiis tarebis
ufleba, xolo 1975 wels _ skufiaze briliantis jvris tarebis
ufleba. mitropoliti ilia saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samo-
ciqulo eklesiis saxed iqca.
samwuxarod, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesia-
Si iyvnen adamianebi, romelnic yvelanairad cdilobdnen mitropolit
iliasaTvis xelis SeSlas. 1972 wlis 26 maiss igi iZulebuli gax-
da, piradi gancxadebis safuZvelze, daetovebina mcxeTis sasuliero
seminariis reqtoris Tanamdeboba. Mmitropoliti ilia gulaxdilad
werda reqtorobidan wasvlis mizezebze. `rogorc mogexsenebaT, –
mimarTavda mitropoliti ilia wmida sinods, – 1963 wlidan misi
uwmidesobisa da unetaresobis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-
triarqis efrem II-is didi SromiTa da mecadineobiT, mcxeTaSi gaix-
sna sasuliero seminaria, romlis xelmZRvanelad viyavi daniSnuli.
es iyo axali didi saqme, romelsac sWirdeboda didi energia da
gamocdileba. arc me da arc maswavleblebi ar viSurebdiT Zalas
seminariis gaZlierebisa da ganmtkicebisaTvis. am wlebis ganmavloba-
Si Cven SevxvdiT bevr winaaRmdegobasa da siZneles. miuxedavad amisa,
Cven SevZeliT saswavlebeli myar niadagze dagveyenebina. ar uarvyof
imas, rom seminariis kursdamTavrebulTagan yvelam ver gaamarTla
Cveni imedebi da ver gamoiCina moZRvris maRali Tvisebebi... miuxe-
davad zogierTi arasasurveli faqtisa, Cven vxedavT, rom kursdam-
TavrebulTa umetesi nawili Tavdadebulad emsaxureba saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis taZrebs. gulistkiviliT
unda mogaxsenoT, rom am cxra wlis ganmavlobaSi, daxmarebis na-
18
cvlad mesmoda mxolod kritika“.damafiqrebeli iyo yovelive es.
viTareba kidev ufro garTulda 1976–1977 wlebSi. am dros
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sino-
dis wevrebi iyvnen: TeTriwyaroeli mitropoliti zinobi (maJuga),
cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia (SiolaSvili), baTum-Semoqmede-
li mitropoliti romanozi (petriaSvili), wilkneli mitropoliti
gaiozi (keratiSvili), mangleli episkoposi giorgi (RonRaZe), ala-
verdeli episkoposi grigoli (cercvaZe), bodbeli episkoposi ilar-
ioni (samxaraZe). ierarqiulobis mixedviT, qarTvel mRvdelmTavarTa
Soris upiratesi iyo cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia, romelic
iTvleboda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred,
magram 1977 wlis 10 seqtembers mitropolit ilias sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresi da-
viT V-is mdivanma g. mSvidobaZem aseTi Sinaarsis werili gaugzavna:
`mis maRalyovladusamRvdeloesobas, mitropolit ilias. gacnobebT,
rom kaTolikos-patriarqis, daviT V-is brZanebiT, mis maRalyovla-
dusamRvdeloesobas, mitropolit romanozs, mieca pirveli adgili
mitropolitTa Soris~.
19
roin metreveliroin metreveli
aRsaydrebaaRsaydreba
1977 wlis 25 dekemberi... kaTolikuri Sobis dRe; astrono-
miulad es aris dRe, roca sinaTle amarcxebs sibneles (es metad
simboluria!) ... naTeli imarjvebs bnelze! swored am dRes sruli-
ad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis wmida taxtze uwmidesi da
unetaresi ilia meore (irakli giorgis Ze SiolaSvili) aRsaydrda.
igi am dros 44 wlis iyo.
kaTolikos-patriarqamde ilia II-m grZeli da rTuli, amave dros
mZime gza gaiara...
ilia II xevSi gamoCinebuli Siola RuduSauris STamomaval-
ia; im Siolasi, romelmac safuZveli daudo SiolaSvilebis gvars.
gadmocemiT, Siola RuduSaurs snos cixe ekuTvnoda. sofeli sno
SiolaSvil-RuduSaurebis fuZe-adgilia.
ilia SiolaSvilis mSoblebi q. vladikavkazSi dasaxlebulan.
Aaq maT tradiciuli qarTuli ojaxi SeuqmniaT. ilias mama – gior-
gi maRali ganaTlebis, brZeni, amasTan, RvTismosavi adamiani yofila.
Ddeda _ natalia kobaiZe saTnoebiTa da sikeTiT gamorCeuli iyo.
col-qmrisaTvis RvTis siyvaruli, RvTismoSiSoba ojaxis saqmianobis
safaneli iyo.
ilia II mSoblebisagan eziara qristianuli moZRvrebis anbans.
Mmomavali patriarqi, romelic 1933 wlis 4 ianvars q. vladikavkazSi
daibada, qarTul eklesiaSi monaTles da qarTl-kaxeTis saxelovani
mefis, erekle II-is pativiscemis niSnad irakli daarqves. saSualo
skolis damTavrebis Semdeg, 1952 wels moskovis sasuliero aka-
demiaSi Cairicxa. SiolaSvilebis ojaxidan wamoyolilma Zalam da
RvTis usazRvro siyvarulma, maRalma qristianulma zneobam miiyvana
momavali patriarqis arCevani sasuliero saswavleblamde. SemTx-
20
veviTi ar aris, rom patriarqi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs
wmida sergi rodoneJelis lavras.
ilia SiolaSvilma, sasuliero akademiis meore kursis stu-
dentma miiRo gadawyvetileba, aRkveciliyo bermonazvnad. 1957 wlis
16 aprils, 24 wlis irakli SiolaSvili sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis, melqisedek III-is locva-kurTxeviT, TbilisSi,
wmida aleqsandre nevelis taZarSi mitropolitma zinobma(maJuga)
berad aRkveca. Ees iyo vnebis Svideulis samSabaTs. did xuTSabaTs
ki patriarqma sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi diakvnad akurTxa. ilia
II xatovnad gadmogvcems Tavis ganwyobas diakvnad kurTxevis Semdeg:
,,saocari madli gadmovida Cemze _ aRniSnavs ilia II _ me TiTqmis
veravis vxedavdi da TiTqos davfrinavdi, TiTqos frTebi Semesxa
da miwaze ar viyavi. iseTi sixaruli da bedniereba dameufla, rom
sionis taZridan ar mindoda gasvla...~ diakvnad xeldasxmuli ilia
SiolaSvili moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqma aleqsi I-ma
wmida sergi rodoneJelis lavraSi mRvdel-monazvnad akurTxa da
oqros samkerde jvriT daajildova.
1960 wels ilia SiolaSvilma sasuliero akademia daasrula
da RvTismetyvelebis kandidatis xarisxi miiRo. igi, miuxedavad sx-
vadasxva momxiblavi SemoTavazebisa, ar darCa ruseTSi da saqarT-
velosken gamoeSura. saqarTveloSi am dros sulierebis krizisi
iyo. qarTul sulierebas aRorZineba sWirdeboda. iliamac Tavis
daniSnulebad qarTveli eris samsaxuri miiCnia.
iliabaTumis sakaTedro taZris mRvdelmsaxurad dainiSna. 1961
wels iRumenis xarisxi mianiWes. male misi arqimandritad xeldasx-
ma moxda. 1963 wels sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma
efrem II-m ilia SiolaSvils xeli daasxa Semoqmedis eparqiis epis-
koposad. amasTan, igi dainiSna patriarqis qorepiskoposad. 1967 wl-
idan cxum-afxazeTis mRvdelmTavaria. 1969 wels man mitropolitis
xarisxi miiRo.
meufe ilia (SiolaSvili) aqtiurad moRvaweobda rogorc saqa-
rTveloSi, ise sazRvargareTac. 1963 wels igi mcxeTis sasuliero
21
seminariis reqtorad dainiSna, sadac 1972 wlamde moRvaweobda.
1964 wels meufe iliam (Semoqmedelma) monawileoba miiRo
msoflios marTlmadidebeli qristianuli eklesiis warmomadgenel-
Ta SekrebaSi kunZul rodosze, sadac daayena saqarTvelos marTlma-
didebeli qristianuli eklesiis avtokefaliis saerTaSoriso masS-
tabebis cnobis sakiTxi. marTalia, 1917 wlis 12 (25) marts qarTuli
eklesiis avtokefalia aRdgenilad gamocxadda, magram msoflios
arc erTma saxelmwifom arcno igi. ruseTis eklesiam mxolod 1943
wels aRiara saqarTvelos eklesiis damoukidebloba. poloneTis
eklesiam Cveni eklesiis avtokefalia aRiara mxolod de-faqtod.
ilia (SiolaSvili) mTeli simwvaviT ayenebs avtokefaliis
sakiTxs da asabuTebs mas. samwuxarod, krebam ar gaiziara meu-
fis mier dayenebuli sakiTxis sabuTianoba. maSin iliam protestis
ukidures formas mimarTa _ sxdoma datova. aman SeaSfoTa sazoga-
doeba. msoflio sazogadoebisTvis meufis protesti damafiqrebeli
iyo, kerZod, im dros sabWoTa saxelmwifos sxvadasxva organoebis
mier uaryofiTad iqna Sefasebuli.1
1972 wels, efrem II-is gardacvalebis umal dadga axali kaTo-
likos-patriarqis sakiTxi. upirates kandidatad am wmida Tanamde-
bobaze mitropoliti ilia (SiolaSvili) iqna dasaxelebuli. igi
qveyanaSi aRiarebuli, sazogadoebaSi popularuli iyo. mxedvelobaSi
iqna miRebuli misi Rrmad ganswavluloba da 39 wlis asakisaTvis
sakmao gamocdileba.
gvinda mkiTxvels vauwyoT erTi faqtis Sesaxeb. saerTod, kaTo-
likos-patriarqis kandidatura uTanxmdeba saxelmwifos meTaurs.
aTeistur saxelmwifoSi (samocdaaTiani wlebis sabWoTa kavSiri)
es faqti (SeTanxmeba) faqtobrivad iyo Casatarebeli. da ai swored
amis Sesruleba wilad xvda am striqonebis avtors, romelsac imx-
anad maRali saxelmwifo Tanamdeboba ekava. ministrTa sabWos im-
droindelma Tavmjdomaris moadgilem viqtoria siraZem saSur da
1 ufro vrclad ilia II-is Sesaxeb ix. r. metreveli, patriarqi – eris
sulieri mama, Tb, 2008.
22
droul Sesasrulebel saqmed miiCnia ilia SiolaSvilis kandidatur-
is sakiTxis SeTanxmeba qveynis pirvel pirTan vasil mJavanaZesTan.
saTanado masalebi (anketa da sxva) mogvawodes da Cven SevudeqiT
am sapasuximgeblo misiis Sesrulebas. erT-erTi audienciis dros,
sxvadasxva sakiTxis moxsenebis Semdeg, frTxilad mivawodeT anketa
da vuTxariT, rom qveynis mRvdelmTavris sakiTxi iyo gadasawyveti.
batonma vasilma jer gaikvirva, Cven ra SuaSi varTo. roca avuxseni,
rom miRebuli wesis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos saxelmwifos pirveli
piri unda iyos eklesiaSi mimdinare procesebis saqmis kursSi-meTqi,
daxeda anketas, ilias suraTs daakvirda, ra lamaziao _ aRmoxda
xmamaRla, anketas Tvali gadaavlo da momawoda. es Tanxmobas niSna-
vda. ufro metic _ vasil mJavanaZe nasiamovnebi iyo.
aq gauTvaliswinebeli ram moxda. ilia SiolaSvilis sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad arCevis winaaRmdeg gamovida
sabWoTa kavSiris ministrTa sabWos religiaTa saqmis sammarTve-
lo, kerZod, am sammarTvelos ufrosi kuroedovi. es religiur
saqmeSi metad uxeSi Careva iyo. winaaRmdegobis motivad ilia
SiolaSvilis sijiute dasaxelda, rac rodosis Sekrebaze mis
protestSi gamoixata.
imxanad, miuxedavad imisa, rom ,,braldeba~ sruliad umarTebulo
iyo, SeuZlebeli gaxda am winaaRmdegobis gadalaxva da cxum-afx-
azeTis mitropolitis ilia SiolaSvilis kaTolikos-patriarqad
arCeva ramdenime wliT gadaido.
mitropolit ilias saqarTvelos eklesiaSic gamouCndnen xe-
lisSemSlelni. 1972 wlis 26 maiss man iZulebiT datova mcxeTis
sasuliero seminariis reqtoris posti. gawbilebuli mitropoliti
gulistkiviliT werda: ,,... Cven SevZeliT saswavlebeli myar niadag-
ze gadagveyvana... kursdamTavrebulTa umetesi nawili Tavdadebu-
lad emsaxureba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis taZrebs.
gulistkiviliT unda mogaxsenoT, rom am cxra wlis ganmavlobaSi
daxmarebis nacvlad mesmoda mxolod kritika~.
mkiTxvels SevaxsenebT, rom gasuli saukunis samocdaaTiani
23
wlebis SuaSi saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodis wevrebi iyvnen:
mitropoliti zinobi maJuga(TeTriwyaros eparqia), mitropoliti
ilia SiolaSvili(cxum-afxazeTis eparqia),mitropoliti romanoz
petriaSvili(baTum-Semoqmedis eparqia), mitropoliti gaioz kera-
tiSvili(wilknis eparqia), episkoposi giorgi RonRaZe(manglisis ep-
arqia), episkoposi grigol cercvaZe(alaverdis eparqia),episkoposi
ilarionsamxaraZe(bodbis eparqia). ierarqiis Sesabamisad mRvdelmTa-
varTa Soris upiratesi adgili cxum-afxazeTis mitropolit ilia
SiolaSvils ekuTvnoda, romelic, amasTan erTad, damtkicebuli iyo
kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred. sakvirveli ram moxda... 1977 wlis
10 seqtembers ilia SiolaSvils atyobineben, rom ,,kaTolikos-pa-
triarqis daviT V-is brZanebiT, pirveli adgili mitropolitTa
Soris mieca mis maRalusamRvdeloesobas, mitropolit romanozs~.
rogorc Cans,garkveuli Zalebi Riad amoqmeddnen ilia SiolaSvilis
winaaRmdeg. es saqmis Semdgomma msvlelobamac daadastura.
1977 wlis 9 noembers daviT V gardaicvala. patriarqis gar-
dacvalebis umal Seikribnen wmida sinodis wevrebi, mitropoliti
ilia SiolaSvili,zinobi maJuga, giorgi kuratiSvili, episkopose-
bi: giorgi RonRaZe, ilarion samxaraZe. mitropoliti romanoz
petriaSvili, miuxedavad Setyobinebisa, ar Camovida saqarTvelos
dedaqalaqSi.
saeklesio marTva-gamgeobis debulebis Sesabamisad(debuleba
miRebulia 1945 wlis 28 marts), kaTolikos-patriarqis gar-
dacvalebis(an mZime avadmyofobis) SemTxvevaSi, mis movaleobas
asrulebs wmida sinodis is wevri(mRvdelmTavari), romlis Sesax-
ebac miTiTebuli iqneboda patriarqis(am SemTxvevaSi daviT V-is)
werilobiT gankargulebaSi (wesisamebr, es gankarguleba unda in-
axebodes kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivanTan). amgvari gankargule-
ba ar aRmoCnda. gaimarTa wmida sinodis sxdoma, romelsac ilia
SiolaSvili Tavmjdomareobda. kenWisyris Sedegad, xmaTa umrav-
lesobiT kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred ilia SiolaSviliiqna
arCeuli.winaaRmdegi iyo wilkneli mitropoliti gaiozi. man ka-
24
Tolikos-patriarqis mosaydred daasaxela baTum-Semoqmedisa da
Wyondidis mitropoliti romanoz petriaSvili. gaioz keratiSvi-
li Tavisi kandidaturiT marto darCa.
9 noembers gamarTuli wmida sinodis sxdoma Catarda saeklesio
marTva-gamgeobis debulebis sruli dacviT da igi, cxadia, kanonieri
iyo. am garemoebas imitom vusvamT xazs, rom moxda paradoqsuli
ram... 10 noembers TbilisSi Camovida mitropoliti romanoz petri-
aSvili(igi, miuxedavad sagangebo mowvevisa, 9 noembers ar gamocxadeb-
ula) da ganacxada, rom rogorc uxuces mRvdelmTavars, ierarqiuli
pativiT mas ekuTvnoda kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydris movaleoba.
es moTxovna ar iyo swori. saqme isaa, rom debulebiT uxucesad iT-
vleba is mRvdelmTavari, romelic adrea nakurTxi mRvdelmTavrad.
saeklesio kanonSi xazgasmulia: ,,mwyemsmTavarni pativdebul iqnebian
qirotoniis uxucesobis mixedviT~. ilia SiolaSvili episkoposad
nakurTxi iyo 1963 wlis 25 agvistos, romanoz petriaSvili ki 1965
wlis 21 Tebervals. mitropolitoba meufe iliam miiRo 1969wels,
romanoz petriaSvilma ki 1972 wels. amdenad, ilia SiolaSvilis
upiratesoba aSkara iyo. rac Seexeba asaks, romanoz petriaSvili
sakmaod xandazmuli _ 90 wlisa iyo, ilia SiolaSvili ki 44
wlis, amas ar iTvaliswinebs arsebuli saeklesio kanonebi. piriqiT,
44 wlis, fizikurad Zlieri, gonebrivad ganswavluli saeklesio
ierarqisaTvis sarbieli ufro farTo iyo da didi saqmeebis keTeba
ufro SesaZlebeli.
mitropoliti romanozi ar iyo erTaderTi dabrkoleba ilia
SiolaSvilis patriarqad asarCevad. baTum-Semoqmedel mitro-
polits mxari aubes gaioz keratiSvilma da ilarion samxaraZem.
maT wamoayenes mosazreba, rom meufe ilias patriarqis Tanamosay-
dreoba dauSvebeli iyo, radgan igi dabadebuli iyo q. orjoni-
kiZeSi _ saqarTvelos farglebs gareT. es absurduli winadadeba
iyo. jer erTi, saeklesio kanonebis mixedviT, dabadebis adgils ar
aqvs mniSvneloba. meore da mTavari isaa, rom ilia SiolaSvili
da misi mSoblebi _ natalia kobaiZe da giorgi RuduSauri – Si-
25
olaSvilisaqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis qveSevrdomebi
iyvnen. rac Seexeba q. orjonikiZeSi arsebul qarTul eklesias, igi
yovelTvis eqvemdebareboda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos(am eklesi-
aSi moinaTla ilia SiolaSvili arqimandrit(SemdgomSi wilknis
episkoposi) tarasi kandelakis mier.2
wmida sinodma rogorc mitropolit romanozis, ise mitro-
polit gaiozisa da episkopos ilarionis qmedeba antieklesiurad
da kanonTan sawinaaRmdegod CaTvala...
1977wlis 15 noembers dakrZales daviT V. meore dRes, 1977
wlis 16 noembers gaimarTa saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samoci-
qulo eklesiis wmida sinodis sxdoma, romelsac daeswrnen: ilia
SiolaSvili, zinobi maJuga, romanoz petriaSvili, gaioz keratiSvili,
giorgi RonRaZe, grigol cercvaZe, ilarion samxaraZe.sxdomis oqmi
Seadgina sagangebod mowveulma saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis
mdivanma grigol mSvidobaZem.
sxdomaze gadawyda, rom meTormete saeklesio kreba gaimarTos
1977 wlis 23 dekembers, axladarCeuli sruliad saqarTvelos ka-
Tolikos-patriarqis aRsaydreba ki _ 25 dekembers, sveticxovlis
sapatriarqo taZarSi.
garkveuli winaaRmdegobebi warmoiSva sruliad saqarTvelos ka-
Tolikos-patriarqad asarCevi kandidaturis ganxilvisas.manglelma
episkoposma giorgim, alaverdelma episkoposma grigolma, TeTrwyaro-
elma mitropolitma zinobma patriarqad asarCev kandidatad daas-
axeles cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia SiolaSvili. garkveu-
li sijiute gamoiCina mitropolitma romanozma. man saerTod ar
daasaxela patriarqobis kandidati, mitropolitma gaiozma ganacxada,
rom sinodis sxdoma ar iyo kanonieri.
wmida sinodis wevrTa umravlesoba, cxadia, ilia SiolaSvilis
patriarqad arCevas uWerda mxars. sinodis sxdomis oqmSi xazgasmu-
ladaa miniSnebuli: ,,mosaydre mitropoliti ilia Tanxmobas acxa-
2 ufro vrclad ix. s. vardosaniZe, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uw-
midesi da unetaresi ilia II, Tb., 2008.
26
debs sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqobis kandidatad
mis dasaxelebaze~.
samwuxarod, provokaciebsac hqonda adgili momavali patriarqis
winaaRmdeg. qarTvelma sazogadoebam kargad igrZno eklesiaSi Seqm-
nili rTuli viTareba.niSandoblivia, rom ilia SiolaSvilis kandi-
daturas qarTveloba farTod uWerda mxars.
mZime incidenti moxda 1977 wlis 18 dekembers, roca sapa-
triarqoSi SeiWrnen wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT ukmayofilo
mRvdelmTavrebi, gatexes patriarqis kabinetis kari, daxies oqmi, sa-
dac patriarqis mosaydris arCevaiyo dafiqsirebuli. mTavari isaa,
rom maT provokaciuli depeSebi gaugzavniaT ruseTisa da somxeTis
eklesiebSi, saqarTvelos mTavrobis wevrebisaTvis(kerZod, umaRlesi
sabWos prezidiumis Tavmjdomaris p. gilaSvilisa da ministrTa
sabWos Tavmjdomaris z. patariZisadmi).metad kuriozulad moCans
meufe romanozis qmedeba, romelmac sagangebo werili gaugzavna leo-
nid breJnevs. werili dasmenis xasiaTs atarebda, kerZod, miTiTebuli
iyo, rom ilia SiolaSvili qarTveli disidentebis mxardamWeria da
misi kandidatura unda moixsnaso.3
imdenad aralogikuri da cilismwamebluri iyo warmodgenili
,,braldebebi~, rom igi arc erTma instanciam ar miiRo. rac Seexeba
xalxs – igi erTxmad ilia SiolaSvils uWerda mxars.
1977 wlis 23 dekembris meTormete saeklesio kreba gaimarTa
sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi. krebas, rogorc saTanado dokumentSi
aRiniSna, daeswrnen saqarTvelos eklesiis yovladsamRvdelo mR-
vdelmTavarni, samRvdeloni, monazonni da eriskacni, moZme marTlma-
didebel eklesiaTa warmomadgenelni. TbilisSi sagangebod Camovidnen:
moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqi uwmidesi pimeni, yovel-
Ta somexTa kaTolikosi vazgen I, sazRvargareTis marTlmadidebeli
3 mitropoliti romanozi sul sxva rames amtkicebda wmida sinodis sx-
domaze (1977 wlis 16 noemberi), roca acxadebda, rom ilia SiolaSvils
patriarqad arCevis SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia gauqm-
deboda da igi ruseTis eklesias daeqvemdebareboda (disidentebis interesi,
cxadia, sxva iyo).
27
eklesiebis warmomadgenlebi (bulgareTis marTlmadidebeli ekle-
siidan arqimandriti naumi, aleqsandriis eklesiis warmomadgeneli
arqimandriti grigoriosi da sxvebi).
krebagaxsnilad gamoacxada sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-
triarqis mosaydrem, cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitma iliam. man mokle,
STambeWdavi sityva warmoTqva, romelic ase daamTavra: ,,Cveni mR-
vdelmTavrebi, samRvdeloeba, morwmune eri mudam iqneba erTad, rom
gadawyvitos is didi sakiTxebi, romlebic Cveni eklesiis winaSe
dgas. qristesmieri siyvaruliT mogesalmebiT...~ da a.S. saeklesio
krebas mxurvaled miesalma moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patri-
arqis uwmidesi pimeni.
saeklesio krebis umTavresi sakiTxi iyo kaTolikos-patriarqis
arCeva. episkoposma grigolma (alaverdeli) SekrebilT moaxsena wmi-
da sinodis gadawyvetileba _ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-
triarqad mitropolit ilia SiolaSvilis kandidaturis Sesaxeb.
faruli kenWisyris Sedegad patriarqis mosaydre mitropoliti
ilia SiolaSvilierTxmad iqna arCeuli sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-
likos-patriarqad. es faqti saeklesio krebis yvela monawilem xe-
lmoweriT daadastura da sagangebo sigeliT mimarTes axladarCeul
patriarqs: ,,...Tqveni siwmide sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-
triarqad, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposad iqna arCeuli~. miiRes
patriarqis saboloo wodeba _ uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepisko-
posi ilia II.4
ilia II-is patriarqad arCevas sixaruliT Sexvda qarTveli eri.
Rrma erovnuli suliskveTebis, aqtiuri moRvaweobisa da uaRresad
ganaTlebuli mRvdelmTavrisagan sazogadoeba bevr siaxles moelo-
da. igrZnoboda, rom eris cxovrebaSi gansakuTrebuli da mniSvnelo-
4 ilia I-ad CaiTvala 1600wlis win, IV saukunis 90-iani wlebidan V
saukunis dasawyisamde moRvawe qarTlis eklesiis meoTxe mamamTavari
elia(qarTlSi am periodSi mefobda bakuri Trdatis Ze (qarTlis cxovre-
biT Trdati).
28
vani xdeboda, iwyeboda axali etapi qveynis eklesiur cxovrebaSi...
1977 wlis 25 dekembers dainiSna patriarqis aRsaydrebis(in-
tronizaciis) dRe. metad sainteresoa, rom samoqalaqo pirebma, maT
Soris am striqonebis avtorma, sagangebo saSvi miviReT. igi ase ga-
moiyureboda:
saSvisaSvi
uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis intronizaciaze dasaswrebad.kaTolikos-patriarqis intronizaciaze dasaswrebad.
intronizacia Sesdgeba 1977 w. 25 dekembers, kviras, mcxeTis svet-intronizacia Sesdgeba 1977 w. 25 dekembers, kviras, mcxeTis svet-
icxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi. dasawyisi 11icxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi. dasawyisi 11 saaTze. saaTze.
saSvze yuradReba imitom gavamaxvile, rom amgvari mowveva ekle-
siaSi uCveulo iyo. rogorc Cans, gaTvaliswinebuli iyo aRsaydrebis
ceremonialze xalxis SezRuduli raodenobis daswreba. sababad wes-
rigis dacva igulisxmeboda. moxda sruliad gauTvaliswinebeli ram.
saqarTvelos yvela kuTxidan moawyda xalxi mcxeTis sveticxovels.
mozRvavebul xalxs veraferi Seaferxebda. aivso sveticxoveli da
misi ezo. bevri ezos gareTac iyo. xalxi gansakuTrebuls eloda
am dRisgan da undoda Tavadac Tanamonawile yofiliyo eklesiaSi
axali cxovrebis dasawyisisa.
zustad 11 saaTze sveticxovlis zRurblze gadmodga fexi
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, mcxeTa-Tbilisis
mTavarepiskoposma ilia II-m. man brwyinvaleba, sinaTle Semoitana
taZarSi. patriarqs Tan Semohyvnen: TeTriwyaroeli mitropoliti
zinobi, mangleli episkoposi giorgi, alaverdeli episkoposi grigo-
li. ilia II-is gverdiT idga ruseTis patriarqi, uwmidesi pimeni
da yovelTa somexTa kaTolikosi vazgen I. isini sxva ucxoel sam-
Rvdeloebis warmomadgenlebTan erTad saqarTvelos sapatriarqos
sapatio stumrebi iyvnen.
mowveul samoqalaqo pirTa Soris iyvnen qarTuli xelovnebisa
29
da mecnierebis warmomadgenlebi, studentebi. CemTvis dauviwyaria ga-
moCenili qarTveli mecnieris vaxtang beriZisa da gamoCenili mkur-
nalis avlip zurabaSvilis aRfrTovanebuli saxeebi liturgiis
msvlelobisas.
sazeimo liturgiuli samsaxuri saukuneebiT dadgenili wesiT
warimarTa. sapatriarqo gvirgvini, qarTveli patriarqebis jvrebi,
panaRiebi da kunkul-bartyuli ilis II-giorgi manglelma da grigol
alaverdelma miarTves.saocari zeimurobiT, gamorCeuli silamaziT
Catarda patriarqis gvirgvinkurTxeva. aq gamqrali iyo arCeviswina
sirTuleebi daarc winaaRmdegobis kvali Canda(cxadia, es yvelaferi
saeklesio krebaze patriarqis erTxmad arCevamac ganapiroba).5
axlad gvirgvinnakurTx ilia II-s mgznebare misasalmebeli si-
tyviT mimarTa ruseTis patriarqma, uwmidesma pimenma. patriarqs
miesalma megobari somxuri eklesiis Tavkaci, yovelTa somexTa ka-
Tolikosi vazgen I.
amaRlebuli iyo ilia II-is sefe-sityva. man gulwrfelad mimar-
Ta sruliad saqarTvelos: ,,me Segnebuli maqvs is umZimesi da, amave
dros, sapatio movaleoba, romelic dRes RvTis am wmida taZris
TaRebqveS damakisra maRalma RmerTma. muxls viyri am pativisaTvis
misi Zlierebis winaSe da Tayvans vcem maradiuli naTliT mosil
xsenebas misas. Tavs vxri saqarTvelos eklesiisa da misi mrevlis
_ qarTveli xalxis winaSe, romelsac sasoebiT unda emsaxuros Cemi
Zali da goneba im sarwmunoebiT, romeli sarwmunoebis dacvisa da
SenarCunebisaTvis zRva sisxli gaiRo ricxviT mcire Cvenma xalx-
ma...~ patriarqma eklesiasa da ers mTavari amocana dausaxa: ,,Cveni
eklesiis momavali saqmianobis mTavari sakiTxi unda iyos qarTvel
xalxSi sasoebisa da utexi nebis ganmtkiceba~.
1977 wlis 25 dekembers, saRamos 5 saaTze saqarTvelos ekle-
5 gaurkveveli darCa, vin gadaWra sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZris mTa-
vari WaRis jaWvi, romlis Camovardnas didi tragedia mohyveboda (ix. s.
vardosaniZe, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da un-
etaresi ilia II, gv. 133).
30
siis wmida sinodma sazeimo miReba moawyo. mosawvevi baraTi (saSvi
ki ara mosawvevi baraTi) gvauwyebda: ,,saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida
sinodi gTxovT mobrZandeT sazeimo miRebaze, romelic gaimarTeba
misi uwmidesobisa da unetaresobis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-
likos-patriarqis intronizaciasTan dakavSirebiT...~
sazeimo miRebaze, romelsac samRvdeloebis garda qarTuli
inteligenciis warmomadgenlebic (maT Soris am striqonebis
avtoric) eswrebodnen, gamorCeulad dasamaxsovrebeli sityva
warmoTqva yovelTa somexTa kaTolikosma vazgen I-ma. man gulmx-
urvaled mimarTa ilia II-s: ,,Tqven rom giyurebT, maxsendeba Cemi
patriaqobis dasawyisi. mec 44 wlisa gavxdisomexTa patriarqi.
somxuri eklesia mZime materialur da moralur mdgomareobaSi
iyo... Cven RvTis wyalobiT yvela problema gadavWeriT...darw-
munebuli var uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II yvela problemas,ro-
melic dRes saqarTvelos eklesiis winaSe dgas, gaarTmevs Tavs da
saeklesio cxovrebas did Zalas SesZens~.6
sazeimo miRebis monawileebma erTxmad gamoTqves Zlieri qar-
Tuli samociqulo marTlmadidebeli eklesiis xilvis survili.
patriarqis maRal taxtze aRsaydrebis umal ilia II-is Tvali
sruliad saqarTvelos gadaswvda, im sulier tkivilebs, romelic
ers sakmao xnis manZilze awuxebda. ukve farTo asparezi da meti
saSualebebi aRmoCnda mis mier dawyebuli Tu axali saqmeebis
aRsasruleblad.
Cven aq wertils davsvamT da aRar gavagrZelebT Txrobas pa-
triarqis mravalmxriv Rvawlze. vityviT mxolod, rom uwmidesi da
unetaresi ilia II _sruliad saqarTvelos kiTolikos-patriarqi,
mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mi-
tropoliti WeSmariti mwyemsia sruliad saqarTvelosi. igi Tavis
erze, qveyanaze usazRvrod Seyvarebuli, masze mofiqrali da yovelT-
vis da misTvismlocvelia, yoveli locvisas patriarqi saqarTvelo-
6 vazgen I-is sityvebiwinaswarmetyveluri aRmoCnda: dRes saqarTvelos eklesia
ilia II-is udidesi Zalisxmevis Sedegad Zlieri da avtoritetulia.
31
sa da qarTvel ers avedrebs ufals, qveynis gadarCenasa da xalxis
dRegrZelobas SesTxovs.
saqarTvelo RvTismSoblis wilxvedri qveyanaa. qarTveli eri
amayobs Tavisi warsuliT. swored warsulis pativiscemiT, dRevan-
delobaze zrunviT da momavlis rwmeniT xalxs miuZRvis qarTu-
li eklesia, romelsac saTaveSi udgas uflisgan gamorCeuli, 35
weli patriarqad aRsaydrebuli, 50 welilberobaSi myofi, 80 wlis
qristesmieri siyvaruliT aRsavse adamiani... didi mwyemsi saqarTve-
losi _ uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II _ sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi da biWvin-
Tisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti.
32
sergo vardosaniZesergo vardosaniZe
`mziani Ramis~ pirvel wlebSi`mziani Ramis~ pirvel wlebSi
XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi saqarTvelo sabWoTa kavSiris
erT-erTi mokavSire respublika iyo. garegnulad suverenuli, Tavis-
ufali respublika realurad mkacrad centralizebuli mmarTvelo-
bis sistemiT xasiaTdeboda. adgilobrivi marionetuli xelisufle-
ba _ saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis, saqarTvelos
ssr umaRlesi sabWosa da saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWos saxiT
_ moskovTan SeuTanxmeblad verc erTi sakiTxis gadawyvetas ver
axerxebda. qveyana aSenebda e.w. `ganviTarebul socializms“. gaba-
tonebuli ideologia iyo marqsizm-leninizmi. sazeimo msvlelobebi
imarTeboda 1 maiss, mSromelTa solidarobis dRes, da 7 noembers,
ruseTis xelisuflebaSi bolSevikebis mosvlis `istoriuli“ dRis
aRsaniSnavad. sazeimod aRiniSneboda faSistur germaniaze gamarjve-
bis dRe, 9 maisi, da sabWoTa kavSiris konstituciis miRebis dRe, 5
dekemberi. is adamianebi, romelTac axsovdaT 1918-1921 wlebis saqa-
rTvelos damoukidebeli respublika an emigraciaSi imyofebodnen, an,
20-50-iani wlebis daundobel angariSsworebas gadarCenilni, ocneba-
sac ver bedavdnen Tavisufal saqarTveloze. saqarTvelos politi-
kuri xelmZRvaneloba amayad acxadebda, rom qveyanaSi daZleuli iyo
`warsulis mavne gadmonaSTebi“, mosaxleobis religiuroba. axali
ideologiuri wnexis pirobebSi gaizardnen Taobebi, romelTa mex-
sierebidan cdilobdnen amoeSalaT istoriuli warsuli, qarTuli
erovnuli cnobiereba, saxelmwifoebriobisa da qristianuli sar-
wmunoebisadmi erTguleba; saSualo skolebSi da umaRles saswav-
lebleblebSi aikrZala saqarTvelos istoriis swavleba, axalgazr-
debisaTvis gaucxoebuli iyo XIX-XX saukuneebis saxelmwifoebrivi
da sarwmunoebrivi TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZol winaparTa _ solo-
mon II-is, aleqsandre batoniSvilis, solomon leoniZis, filadelfos
33
kiknaZis, dosiTeoz quTaTelis, eqvTime gaenaTelis, spiridon kedias,
noe ramiSvilis, noe Jordanias, kote afxazis, qaquca ColoyaSvilis,
grigol lorTqifaniZis, uwmidesi ambrosis, mitropolit nazaris,
zurab avaliSvilis, grigol robaqiZis, viqtor nozaZisa da sxvaTa
saxelebi. XIX saukunis erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba so-
cialur moZraobad moinaTla. qveyanaSi gabatonebuli iyo rusuli
ena da idevneboda qarTuli, garuseba _ internacionalizmad, xolo
saqarTvelos istoriis, qarTuli enis uflebebisaTvis brZola na-
cionalizmad cxaddeboda. mkacri cenzura iyo yvela sferoSi.
miuxedavad aseTi rTuli viTarebisa, sabWoTa politikuri
sistemis krizisi aSkara iyo. ioseb stalinis gardacvalebis Sem-
deg (1953 wlis 5 marts), romelic sabWoTa politikuri sistemis
stabilurobis garanti iyo 31 wlis ganmavlobaSi, kidev ufro gar-
Tulda viTareba. qveynis saTaveSi mosulma axalma xelmZRvanelobam,
nikita xruSCovis meTaurobiT, 1956 wlis sagangebo dadgenilebiT
dagmo ioseb stalinis pirovnebis kulti da 20-50-iani wlebis
represiebi mxolod mas daabrala. n. xruSCovs am nabijiT sistemis
gadarCena surda, magram moxda piriqiT, daCqarda sabWoTa politikuri
sistemis ngrevis procesi. 1956 wlis 9 marts TbilisSi mSvidobiani
manifestaciis barbarosulma darbevam, sisxlianma angariSsworebam
qarTul sazogadoebaSi azrovnebis wesis Secvla daaCqara, saqarTve-
los saxelmwifoebrivi Tavisuflebis miviwyebuli idea gamoacocx-
la, komunisturi sistemis kritika, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
damoukideblobisaTvis brZola gaxda erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli
moZraobis mTavari mizani.
XX saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi es moZraoba sabWoTa ideologe-
bisa da misi specsamsaxurebisaTvis disidentur (sxvagvarad moaz-
rovneTa) moZraobad moinaTla. disidenturi moZraobisaTvis saqarT-
velos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi momxdari cvlilebebi,
axalgazrda, ganaTlebuli kaTolikos-patriarqis mosvla iyo didi
sixarulisa da imedebis momcemi, amitom qarTveli mamuliSvilebi
uyoymanod dadgnen uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTve-
34
los kaTolikos-patriarqis, ilia II-is gverdiT. patriarqi Sinaganad
erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli idealebis erTguli iyo. amis dastur-
ia saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivSi, misi uwmidesobis studento-
bisdroindel saarqivo masalebSi, axalgazrda mRvdelmonazon ilias
mier lamazad gadawerili memorandumis teqsti, romliTac 1922
wels uwmidesma da unetaresma ambrosi xelaiam mimarTa genuis saer-
TaSoriso konferenciis monawileebs. garda amisa, Cveni saxelovani
patriarqi axalgazrdobidanve xSirad ixsenebda uwmidessa da une-
tares, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq anton II-s: `axla
Tvalwin myavs warmodgenili kaTolikos-patriarqi anton II erekles
Ze, magondeba misi tirili da godeba daoblebul saqarTveloze, igi
imeddakarguli da damwuxrebuli rwyavda ruseTis miwas Tavisi
mduRare cremlebiT“ _ werda Tavis dRiurSi mRvdelmonazoni ilia.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is sityva, darbazobaze Tqmu-
li 1977 wlis 25 dekembers, kargi gzavnili iyo Tavisuflebis
idealebis erTguli TanamemamuleebisaTvis. aseT viTarebaSi daiwyo
uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-
arqis ilia II-is moRvaweoba. erT-erTma sasuliero pirma uwmidessa
da unetares ilia II-s mimarTa, rom man sudaragadafarebuli ekle-
sia Caibara. viTareba iyo mZime, magram ara uimedo. am dros mcxe-
Ta-Tbilisis eparqiaSi moqmedi iyo mcxeTis sveticxoveli, samTav-
rosa da olRas monastrebi, Tbilisis sioni, qaSueTis wmida giorgis,
didubis RvTismSoblis, kukiis wmida ninos, mTawmindis mama daviTis,
samebis, aleqsandre nevelis, mixeil tverelis, ioane RvTismetyvelis,
wmida barbares eklesiebi. ar funqcionirebda anCisxatis, karis, feri-
scvalebis, wmida nikolozis, metexis RvTismSoblis, veris eklesiebi;
naZaladevSi, iveriis RvTismSoblis eklesiaSi, higienis saxli (abano)
iyo gaxsnili. eklesias ar hyavda mrevli, TiTqmis ar arsebobda
qarTulenovani sasuliero wignebi, qarTuli xatebi, jvrebi, Semcire-
buli iyo mgalobelTa gundebi. wmida sinodis wevri eqvsi mRvdelm-
Tavris asaki meryeobda 70-90 wlebs Soris, xandazmuli iyo sasu-
liero pirTa umravlesobac. pirvel xanebSi patriarqis Semmosvelni
35
aleqsandre nevelis eklesiidan mosuli rusi stiqarosnebi iyvnen.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi Sekre-
bil xalxs, romelic jer mrevli ar iyo, aswavlida, rogor unda
elocaT, romeli locvebi unda eswavlaT, rogor unda gadaeweraT
pirjvari, ratom iyo aucilebeli wirva-locvaze bolomde daswreba,
ratom unda daecvaT marxva, eTqvaT aRsareba da mieRoT wmida ziare-
ba, ratom iyo taZarSi saWiro siwynare wirva-locvis dros, ratom
iyo aucilebeli taZarSi salocavad mosuli qalisTvis Tavsaburav-
iT yofna... adamianebi gaubedavad, magram mainc modiodnen eklesiaSi
da erTferovani cxovrebidan uecrad sxva samyaroSi gadmodiodnen,
sadac aforiaqebulni sulier simSvides poulobdnen, cxovrebaze
xelCaqneulni imediT aRivsebodnen. saocari sanaxavi iyo orSabaTs,
samSabaTs, SabaTs da kviras sionis sapatriarqo taZari. axalgazrde-
bi sasoebiT Sehyurebdnen TavianT sulier winamZRols, wirva-locvis
damTavrebis Semdeg nela miuyvebodnen leseliZis, erekle II-is quCebs,
rusTavelis gamzirs.
patriarqma pirvel saaxalwlo epistoleSi am sityvebiT mimarTa
qarTvels xalxs: `sarwmunoeba – es naTelia mSvidobis gzaze, sarw-
munoeba Tavadaa mSvidoba da sasoeba maradiuli, sarwmunoeba wyaro
aris siyvarulisa, romelic amaRlebs kacis gulsa da gonebas. igi
xidi aris, miwidan cisken mimavali. dadeqiT mtkiced am xidze... Cven
sixaruliT vuCvenebT yvelas am xidisaken mimaval gzas, im saqmeTa
nusxas, romelic unda akeTos maradiulobisaken am xidiT mimaval-
ma adamianma, mivuTiTebT bednierebis im WeSmarit wyaroze, saidanac
unda svas sulisa da xorcis masazrdoebeli cxovelmyofeli wyali,
davexmarebiT sulieri amaRlebis gziT ixilos is naTeli, romelic
mzisgan ki ar modis, aramed romlisganac mzem miiRo naTeli Tavad“.
komunisturi ideologiisagan sulSexuTuli xalxisaTvis, ro-
melsac miwier samoTxes hpirdebodnen, es iyo sruliad axali. ada-
mianebi TandaTan daubrundnen TavianTi winaprebis mier sisxliTa
da TavganwirviT SenarCunebul qristianul sarwmunoebas, nominaluri
morwmuneebidan WeSmarit morwmuneebad gadaiqcnen. saero cxovrebaSi
36
samSoblo, misi istoriuli gmirebi, mSobliuri ena daviwyebas eZleo-
da. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTauri ki
maTi ardaviwyebisaken mouwodebda mrevls: `roca gadavxedavT Cvens
warsuls, gvaocebs, Tu amden winaaRmdegobaSi viT SeinarCuna qarTvel-
ma xalxma Tavisi ena, qristianuli sarwmunoeba da kultura, rogor
ar moispo es yvelaferi da viT gauZlo JamTan Widils. Cveni dRemde
arsebobis da sulieri simtkicis saidumloeba qristianul sarwmu-
noebaSi mdgomareobs... wmida nino, daviT aRmaSenebeli, Tamar mefe, didi
rusTaveli, dimitri Tavdadebuli, sirieli mamebi, Tornike erisTavi;
mefe-mowameni: arCili da luarsabi; sjulisaTvis Tavdadebulni: dedo-
fali qeTevani, mRvdeli Tevdore, gmirni marabdelni, daviT guramiSvi-
li, 300 aragveli, eqvTime TayaiSvili, ilia WavWavaZe; kaTolikos-pa-
triarqni: kirioni, ambrosi, kalistrate da mravali sxva mnaTobni da
svetni arian saqarTvelosi... Cven unda viyoT ganmgrZelebelni im
didi saqmisa, rasac Seewirnen isini“.oficialuri xelisuflebisa da
misi ideologiisaTvis sruliad miuRebeli iyo warsulis, awmyosa
da momavlis aseTi xedva. Tu saqarTvelos warsulidan am didebuli
adamianebis magaliTebs win wamovwevdiT, aRar rCeboda adgili ioseb
stalinis, sergo orjonikiZis, kamos (ter-petrosianis), filipe max-
araZis, levan RoRoberiZis, mixeil kalininis, sergei kirovis, aleqsan-
dre Jdanovis, kompartiis sxva beladTa cxovrebis SeswavlisaTvis,
romelTa Sromebsa da ̀ sagmiro saqmeebze“ mogviTxrobdnen savaldebu-
lo politseminarebze, kompartiis istoriis leqciebze.
1978 wlis aprilis dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi didi mRelvareba
gamoiwvia saqarTvelos ssr axali konstituciis proeqtis ganx-
ilvam. axal proeqtSi, moskovis miTiTebiT, amoRebul iqna is muxli,
romelic saqarTvelos respublikaSi qarTuli enis saxelmwifoe-
briv statuss akanonebda. sxvadasxva organizaciaSi saqarTvelos
ssr axali konstituciis proeqtis ganxilva arsebuli politikuri
sistemis mZafr kritikaSi gadaizarda. A
am dros erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis axalgazrdu-
li birTvi, z. gamsaxurdias, m. kostavas, g. Wanturias, m. giorgaZis, T.
37
CxeiZis, z. WavWavaZis saxiT, sionis sapatriarqo taZris mrevli iyo.
xelisufleba grZnobda, rom saqarTveloSi qarTuli enis dasacavad
gamosuli adamianebis Zlieri mokavSire iyo saqarTvelos marTlma-
didebeli samociqulo eklesia.
gaTenda 1978 wlis 14 aprili. dilis 9 saaTze Tbilisis uni-
versitetis ezoSi aTasobiT studenti Seikriba da daiZra rusTav-
elis gamzirisaken, mTavrobis sasaxlisaken, sadac saqarTvelos ssr
umaRlesi sabWos sagangebo sesias unda daemtkicebina saqarTvelos
ssr axali konstitucia. axalgazrdebi moiTxovdnen qarTuli enis
saxelmwifo enad gamocxadebas. meliqiSvilis quCaze universitetis
studentebs SeuerTdnen Tbilisis sxvadasxva umaRlesi saswavleb-
lis studentebi, inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi; filarmoniasTan
maT gaarRvies miliciis kordoni, meore winaaRmdegoba daZleul iqna
rusTavelis ZeglTan, aTasobiT demonstranti skandirebiT: `saqarT-
velo“, `samSoblo“, `deda ena“ –mTavrobis saxlTan mivida... quCebSi
daZabuloba igrZnoboda, brezentgadaxurul manqanebSi samxedro te-
qnika, jari idga... ufrosi Taoba tiroda, maT axsovdaT 1956 wlis 9
marti da eSinodaT misi ganmeorebisa...
veeberTela sabWoTa imperiaSi es iyo uprecedento SemTxveva.
moskovi iZulebuli gaxda, ukan daexia, saqarTvelos ssr konstituci-
is 75-e muxliT saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialistur respublikaSi
qarTuli ena saxelmwifo enad dakanonda. es iyo didi gamarjveba da
sixaruli. demonstrantebi sionis sapatriarqo taZrisaken daiZrnen.
am dros ki saqarTvelos sapatriarqo (dRemde daudgenelia mizeze-
bi) xanZris alSi iyo gaxveuli. xanZris Sedegad daiwva vercxlis
xati, XVII saukunis wmida ninos xati, wmida nikolozis xati, 4 sam-
RvdelmTavro kverTxi, barZim-feSxumebi, muxis kankeli, magida, skamebi;
kaTolikos-patriarqebis _ kirion II-is, leonides, ambrosis, qriste-
fores, kalistrates, melqisedekis, efrem II-is, daviT V-is _ suraTe-
bi (originalebi). patriarqi gadarCa... misi uwmidesoba TiTqmis erTi
weli rezidenciis gareSe iyo, magram amas xeli ar SeuSlia misTvis,
kvlav Cveuli SeupovrobiT gaegrZelebina saqmianoba.
38
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias 1917
wels hqonda oficialuri sainformacio organo _ Jurnali
`sveticxoveli“, romelic male daixura. uwmidesi da unetare-
si sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqebis _ ambrosis,
qristefores, kalistrates, efremisa da daviTis _ survili, saqa-
rTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias hqonoda Tavisi
sainformacio Jurnali, mravali dabrkolebisa da winaaRmdegobis
gamo ganuxorcielebel ocnebad darCa.
1978 wels, uwmidesisa da unetaresis, ilia II-is locva-kurTx-
eviT, gamovida feradi ilustrirebuli Jurnali `jvari vazisa“.
Tavdapirvelad ganzraxuli iyo, Jurnali yovelTviuri yofiliyo,
magram xelisuflebis mZafri winaaRmdegobis gamo gadawyda yovel-
wliurad ori nomris gamoSveba. Jurnals unda gaeSuqebina saqarT-
velos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoria, wmida sino-
dis sxdomebi, Teologiis, marTlmadidebel eklesiebTan urTierTobis
sakiTxebi. Jurnals agreTve hqonda reziumeebi inglisur da rusul
enebze. ocdaaTi wlis manZilze Jurnalis ucvleli redaqtoria
qalbatoni TinaTin kobalaZe. `jvari vazisas~ 1978 wlis pirveli
nomeri mTlianad mieZRvna saqarTvelos me-12 saeklesio krebas, uw-
midesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is aRsaydrebas. SezRuduli tiraJis
gamo sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi specialur magidaze ewyo Jurna-
lis nomrebi da mkiTxvelebi iwerdnen maTTvis saintereso statiebs.
pirvel xanebSi yoveldRiuri locvebi, fsalmunebi morwmune
mrevls xeliT hqonda gadawerili. 1978-1979 wlebSi es locvebi
daibeWda, magram moTxovnileba imdenad didi iyo, rom isini bibli-
ografiul iSviaTobad iqca. uwmidesisa da unetaresis, ilia II-is
locva-kurTxeviT, 1978–1987 wlebSi saeklesio kalendarSi ibeWd-
eboda yoveldRiuri locvebi da fsalmunebi. unikaluri qarTuli
anbani _ asomTavruli da nusxuri _ mxolod specialistebisa da
RvTismsaxurebisaTvis iyo gasagebi. xalxi daSorebuli iyo Zvel
qarTul teqstebsa da damwerlobas. `qarTvel mrevlSi iSviaTad
Tu moiZebneba adamiani, – mimarTa uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia
39
II-m mrevls, _ romelsac SeeZleba medaviTneoba gauwios moZRvars...
vTxov qarTvel morwmuneT, gamoiCinon sibejiTe da gulmodgineba,
Seiswavlon asomTavruli da xucuri damwerloba, ar moSalon xidi,
gadebuli saxelovan warsulsa da bednier momavals Soris.“sul
male eklesiebSi gamoCnda asomTavruliT da nusxuriT dawerili
yoveldRiuri locvebi, fsalmunebi. qarTveli morwmuneebisaTvis
asomTavruli da nusxuri anbani axlobeli da gasagebi gaxda...
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia, oficial-
uri xelisuflebis winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, iZulebiTi izolaci-
idan gamodioda. 1978 wlis 24 noembers cnobilma qarTvelma kinore-
Jisorma revaz TabukaSvilma italiidan gadmoasvena 1911 wels q.
CivitavekiaSi sxvis gadasarCenad zRvaSi daRupuli didi qarTveli
mecnieris, mixeil TamaraSvilis, neSti. 26 noembers, kviras, xelovnebis
muzeumis darbazSi gaimarTa samoqalaqo panaSvidi, romelsac aTaso-
biT qarTveli daeswro. panaSvidze mobrZanda uwmidesi da unetaresi
ilia II. misma uwmidesobam didubis panTeonSi warmoTqmul sityvaSi
xazgasmiT aRniSna, rom istoriulad qarTveli eri da saqarTvelos
eklesia mudam erTad idga da ase iqneba momavalSic. es iyo saqa-
rTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTauris xalxSi
gasvlis pirveli warmatebuli nabiji... bevr adamianze patriarqis
uSualobam, siwmidem ise imoqmeda, rom eklesias miaSura. sul male
sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi gamoCnda qarTuli xatebi, jvrebi. uw-
midesis locva-kurTxeviT, mxatvarma aleqsandre banZelaZem daiwyo
didubis RvTismSoblis eklesiis moxatva. 1979 wels sionis sapa-
triarqo taZarSi gamoCnda yovladwmida RvTismSoblis, macxovris,
wmida ninos, wmida giorgis, wmida keTilmsaxur Tamar mefis, wmida
qeTevan wamebulis, Rirsi mama ioane zedaznelis, wmida mowameebis _
daviTisa da konstantines _ axali xatebi.
1978 wlis zafxulSi, rodesac saqarTveloSi uwmidesisa da
unetaresi ilia II-s mowveviT stumrad CamobrZanda aTonis mTis
gubernatori, doqtori dimitrios camisi, patriarqma oficial-
ur xelisuflebas acnoba, rom aucilebeli iyo, sapatio stumari
40
miewviaT Tbilisis universitetSi, korneli kekeliZis saxelobis
xelnawerTa institutSi, saxelmwifo muzeumSi. xelisufleba iZu-
lebuli gaxda, dasTanxmeboda, ramac uwmidessa da unetaress sa-
Sualeba misca, Sexvedroda Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis
profesor-maswavleblebs, studentebs, stumrisaTvis daeTvaliere-
binebina saqarTvelos istoriis kabineti, sadac maT esaubra saqarT-
velos istoriis kaTedris gamge profesori mariam lorTqifaniZe.
xelnawerTa institutisa da saxelmwifo muzeumis TanamSromlebi
pirvelad Sexvdnen sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs,
romlisadmi pativiscema, siyvaruli da avtoriteti yoveldRi-
urad izrdeboda qarTvel xalxSi. saqarTvelos marTlmadide-
belma samociqulo eklesiam, saero xelisuflebis RonisZiebaTa
paralelurad, aRniSna iakob xucesis mier wmida SuSanikis wamebis
aRweridan 1500 wlisTavi, patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT daiwera
wmida SuSanikis xati. eklesiam xelisuflebas mosTxova, gadmoe-
ca misTvis metexis RvTismSoblis saxelobis taZari, sadac aris
wmida SuSanikis saflavi da imxanad ki axalgazrduli Teatri
iyo ganTavsebuli.
yoveli marTlmadidebeli avtokefaliuri eklesiisaTvis gansa-
kuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs wmida mironis momzadebas. saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia VIII saukunidan amzadebs
wmida mirons. mironis momzadeba sazeimo viTarebaSi xdeba sveticx-
ovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi. bolSevikuri mmarTvelobis periodSi
mironis momzadeba mokrZalebulad aRiniSneboda, amitom vrceldebo-
da xmebi, TiTqos mironi sxva qveynidan SemohqondaT.
1980 wels, uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT, gansakuTrebulad sazeimo
viTarebaSi momzadda wmida mironi. saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxi-
dan mcxeTaSi Camosul aTasobiT morwmunes SeeZlo TviTmxilveli
yofiliyo marTlmadidebeli samociqulo avtokefaliuri eklesiis
wiaRSi mironis kurTxevis msaxurebisa. ori kviris manZilze sa-
dReRamiso wirva-locva ar wydeboda sveticxovlis sapatriarqo
41
taZarSi. gaifanta uazro Worebi. momzadebuli mironi moaTavses
sagangebo WurWelSi. uwmidesisa da unetaresis manqana, romelsac
marTavda protodiakoni RvTiso SalikaSvili, Tbilisisaken daiZra.
manqanaSi wmida mironiT savse WurWelic iyo moTavsebuli. manqanam
gaiara ramdenime kilometri da amotrialda. Tanmxlebi manqanebidan
Tavzardacemuli gadmovidnen wmida sinodis wevrebi, samRvdeloeba,
morwmune mrevli. damtvreuli manqanidan uvnebeli gadmovida misi
uwmidesoba, wmida mironis WurWelic dauzianebeli iyo. rom ara
RvTis neba, yvelaferi sxvagvarad dasruldeboda.
uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-
triarqi grZnobda, rom aucilebeli iyo, qarTveli xalxis garkveul
nawilSi komunisturi xelisuflebis mier eklesiebze Seqmnili ste-
reotipi `istoriuli kulturis Zeglisa~ gaefanta da misi namd-
vili daniSnuleba mkafiod da naTlad ganemarta. `taZari adgilia
adamianis eklesiuri kurTxevisa, – aRniSnavda misi uwmidesoba, –
karibWea maradiulobisa, savanea RvTisa; aqauri madlmosili garemo
aRazevebs, akeTilSobilebs suls, ganwmeds da ganaTavisuflebs cod-
vebisagan, taZari oazisia, romelSic Cveni yoveldRiuri cxovrebis
oromtrialiT, RelviT da amaoebiT daclili suli Sinagan mSvido-
basa da siwynares povebs“.
oficialurma xelisuflebam religiur dResaswaulebs
daupirispira e. w. saxalxo `daviTgarejoba“, `mcxeToba“, `alaver-
doba“, `TeleToba“. mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi SezarxoSebuli xalxi
zurna-dudukis fonze wmida taZrebis ezoebSi raRacas zeimobda, Tu
ras, verc erTi mozeime ver ityoda. uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi 1978 wlis seqtemberSi kaxeTSi
gaemgzavra alaverdobaze. axmetis partiulma xelmZRvanelobam scada,
aTasobiT morwmunisaTvis gza gadaeRoba, magram uSedegod. es iyo
pirveli alaverdoba, romlis drosac sakaTedro taZarSi sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi da wmida sinodis wevrebi aRas-
rulebdnen RvTismsaxurebas. saocari viTareba iyo. warmarTul-gax-
alxurebuli dResaswauli Tavis namdvil saxes ibrunebda. ase moxda
42
TeleTSi, mcxeTaSi, lomisaze. es iyo qarTveli xalxis qristianuli
rwmenisken Semobrunebis rTuli, magram Seuqcevadi procesis da-
sawyisi. oficialuri xelisuflebis mcdeloba, saqarTvelos marTl-
madidebeli samociqulo eklesia sazogadoebisagan izolirebuli
darCeniliyo, sruli kraxiT damTavrda. uwmidesma da unetaresma
ilia II-m gansakuTrebuli yuradReba dauTmo axalgazrdobas. ko-
munistur-komkavSiruli propagandiT sulSexuTulma axalgazrdebma
sulis simSvide, samSoblos interesebis dacvis, winaparTa tradic-
iebis pativiscemis Zala eklesiaSi poves.
1978 wlis 6 marts saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis oficialuri delegacia moskovidan TbilisSi brundeboda.
moskovis aeroportSi qarTulad xmamaRla naTqvamma sityvam patri-
arqi moabruna. `uwmideso, – mimarTa ucnobma axalgazrdam, daiCoqa
mis win da werili gadasca, _ sul ori Tve gavida Tqveni kurTx-
evidan da sasaxelod gauZeliT did gamocdas. Tqveni yoveli wirva,
yoveli qadageba Cvens guls malamod ecxeba. sioni Cveni sulisa
da gonebis wmida taZaria, akademiaa, romelSic adamiani ara marto
gonebis sazrdos iRebs, aramed _ sulier sazrdosac. Tqven xarT is
sulieri moZRvari, romelmac bevri gzasacdenili adamiani moaqcieT;
imedi gqondeT, qarTveli axalgazrdebi mudam mxarSi amogidgebiT“.
es gulaxdili werili-aRsareba adasturebda uwmidesisa da uneta-
resis mier gadadgmuli pirveli nabijebis siswores.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTaur-
ma mWidro TanamSromloba daiwyo qarTuli mecnierebisa da kul-
turis sxvadasxva sferos warmomadgenlebTan. aTeistur epo-
qaSi aRzrdil adamianebs igi miniSnebiT aswavlida sasuliero
pirebTan urTierTobis niuansebs. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia
II daeswro kote marjaniSvilis saxelobis TeatrSi speqtakl
`STamomavlobas“. speqtaklSi STambeWdavi saxe Seqmna didma qa-
rTvelma msaxiobma veriko anjafariZem. speqtaklis dasasruls
misma uwmidesobam daloca msaxiobebi. aRfrTovanebulma veriko
anjafariZem ase mimarTa mis uwmidesobas:
43
– arc ki vici, rogor unda mogmarToT. CemTvis gansakuTrebiT
axlobeli gaxdiT Cemi didi ojaxuri tragediis Semdeg. (Svilis
gardacvalebis Semdeg patriarqma did msaxiobs urCia, didi rwmena
gadagalaxvinebs did mwuxarebaso).
uwmidesma daloca suxiSvilebis ansambli, ansambli `rusTavi“...
uwmidesisa da unetaresis, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samo-
ciqulo eklesiis avtoritetis amaRlebis, qveyanaSi mosaxleobis
religiurobis gazrdis fonze oficialuri saxelisuflebo struq-
turebi fiqrobdnen, rogori unda yofiliyo maTi antireligiuri
muSaobis strategia da taqtika. am mizniT rekomendaciebis SemuSave-
ba daevala saqarTvelos ideologiur muSakTa sagangebo jgufebs,
romelTac 1979-1984 wlebSi Sekrebebi gamarTes moswavle axalgaz-
rdobis sasaxleSi. gamomsvlelTa umravlesoba cdilobda, oponire-
ba gaewia saqarTvelos istoriis saRvTismetyvelo koncefciisaTvis,
daegmo axalgazrdobis didi nawilis eklesiisaken ltolva. miRe-
bul iqna gadawyvetileba, Seqmniliyo komkavSiruli Stabebi, ro-
melnic saeklesio dResaswaulebis dros eklesiebSi mosul axal-
gazrdebs gamoavlendnen da farTo `axsna-ganmartebiT samuSaoebs“
Caatarebdnen. xelisuflebis miTiTebiT, saxelmwifo samsaxurSi myof
adamianebs samsaxuridan gaSvebiT, xolo umaRlesi saswavleblebis
studentebs _ saswavleblidan garicxviT emuqrebodnen. oficialur
xelisuflebas saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaze
zemoqmedebisaTvis Seqmnili hqonda sagangebo saxelmwifo struqtu-
ra sabWoTa kavSiris religiis saqmeTa komitetis saxiT, romelic
1943 wels, xolo misi filiali _ saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa
sabWosTan arsebuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis rwmunebulis Ta-
namdeboba _ 1947 wlis 22 agvistos dafuZnda mTavrobis dadge-
nilebis safuZvelze. rwmunebulTa aparats evaleboda saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasa da saqarTvelos mTavrobas
Soris urTierTobis koordinacia, sasuliero pirTa aRricxva, moq-
medi eklesiebis registracia, sabWoTa kanonmdeblobiT religiuri
organizaciebisaTvis miniWebul uflebaTa dacva. rwmunebulTa samo-
44
qalaqo samsaxuris ukan sabWoTa kavSiris uSiSroebis ganyofileba
idga, romelic mkacrad akontrolebda eklesiis saqmianobas.
1947 wlidan 1990 wlamde saqarTveloSi religiis saqmeTa
rwmunebulebi iyvnen: k. qadagiSvili, m. bujiaSvili, m. meqvabiSvi-
li, d. enuqiZe, d. SalutaSvili, T. onofriSvili, g. maisuraZe, a.
wiklauri... 1976-1978 wlebSi saqarTvelos ssr religiis saqme-
Ta rwmunebuli iyo Tengiz onofriSvili. am dros saqarTveloSi
ZalaSi iyo 1977 wlis 16 marts damtkicebuli debuleba `reli-
giur gaerTianebaTa Sesaxeb“. debulebis Tanaxmad, axali eklesiis
gaxsna SesaZlebeli iyo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu amas moiTxovda re-
ligiuri sazogadoebis 20 wevri. Tu sasuliero pirs ar hqon-
da religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis mier gacemuli registraciis
mowmoba, mas ekrZaleboda mRvdelmsaxureba.
rwmunebulTa aparati cdilobda, srulad ekontrolebina
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis saqmianoba,
didi saSemosavlo gadasaxadebi daewesebina sasuliero pirebi-
saTvis, gaevrcelebina maTTvis arasasurvel sasuliero pirebze
Seuracxmyofeli Worebi, raTa sazogadoebas uaryofiTi ganwyoba
Sehqmnoda maTze. rwmunebulma Tengiz onofriSvilma ver moaxerxa
xelisuflebis moTxovnebis warmatebiT Sesruleba, amitom igi
gaaTavisufles da es misia g. maisuraZes daakisres. rogorc misi
Canawerebidan irkveva, igi 1980 wels daswrebia mcxeTis sasulie-
ro seminariaSi misaReb gamocdebs da gulistkivili gamouTqvams:
`samwuxarod, wina wlebTan SedarebiT, seminariaSi mosuli kontin-
genti amjerad gacilebiT ukeT momzadebuli aRmoCnda. maT So-
ris arian umaRles saswavlebeldamTavrebulni~. ukeTesi iqneboda,
Tu seminariaSi gaunaTlebeli, saeWvo warsulis mqone adamianebi
Cairicxebodnen, radgan maT SantaJs xelisufleba ufro advilad
SeZlebda.
rwmunebulis davalebiT, mcxeTis muzeum-nakrZalis di-
reqtorma 1982 wlis ianvarSi SiomRvimis monasterSi Caketa
monastris winamZRvari mama ioakime asaTiani. movusminoT mama
45
ioakimes: `mimdinare wlis 6 ianvari iyo, Sobis wina dRe. uwmide-
sisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis
locva-kurTxeviTa da brZanebiT, SiomRvimis monastrisaken gave-
mgzavre salocavad (am dros monasteri me-18 profteqnikuri
saswavleblis filiali iyo s.v.). dRis 15 saaTze monastris
galavans mivadeqi. rodesac monasterSi Sevedi, kari mojaxunda.
garedan viRacam boqlomi daado. yvirodnen da uSveri sityvebiT
mlanZRavdnen. ase gavatare mTeli Rame. gaTenda. Cemi sayvareli
eklesia sapyrobilis magivrobas miwevda, mcioda, mwyuroda, mSioda
da miWirda gaZleba. pirvelis naxevarze raRac xmebi Semomesma,
avtexe yvirili, Svelas viTxovdi. karTan movida viRac samxedro,
rogorc TviTon miTxra, aviaciis maiori, romelic col-SvilTan
erTad amosuliyo monasterSi. Svela vTxove. keTilSobili adami-
ani aRmoCnda da mkiTxa, Tu riT SeeZlo Cemi daxmareba. Sevevedre,
TbilisSi Casuliyo da sapatriarqoSi eambna yvelaferi. oficeri
sakuTari manqaniT wavida. amasobaSi kidev erTi damTvalierebeli
_ demur boboxiZe _ movida. masac vTxove, Casuliyo mcxeTaSi da
enaxa sveticxovlis moZRvrebi. male sapatriarqodan movidnen...
mcxeTaSi d. boboxiZe muzeum–nakrZalis direqtorTan gaugzavniaT,
romelsac SiomRvimis yaraulebisaTvis mokle, magram bevrismTqme-
li werili miuweria: `awi kmara da gauSviTo“.
religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulebi cdilobdnen, uxeSad Careuli-
yvnen eklesiis Sida saqmeebSi. 1986 wlis 21 noembers religiis
saqmeTa rwmunebuli aseTi Sinaarsis werils ugzavnis uwmidessa
da unetares ilia II-s: `Cvens xelT arsebuli monacemebidan ga-
momdinare, aucileblad miviCnevT Tqveni yuradReba mivapyroT re-
ligiuri kultebis Sesaxeb sabWoTa kanonmdeblobis darRvevebis
faqtebze, romlebic sakmaod moxSirda saqarTvelos marTlmadide-
beli eklesiis msaxurTa mxriv... zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare,
rwmunebulTa aparats saWirod miaCnia, rom saqarTvelos marTl-
madidebeli eklesiis sapatriarqom aRniSnul darRvevaTa uaxloes
vadebSi aRmosafxvrelad gaataros Semdegi saxis RonisZiebani:
46
1. aekrZaloT eklesiaTa mRvdelmsaxurebsa da sapatriarqos
Tanam-Sromlebs, uSualod mimarTon respublikisa Tu sakavSiro
instanciebs da awarmoon maTTan mimowera rwmunebulis aparatis
gverdis avliT;
2. SeizRudos mRvdlebis sxvadasxva eklesiebSi gadayvan-gadmoy-
vana, Tu es gansakuTrebuli aucileblobiT ar iqneba gamowveuli;
3. mkacrad aekrZalos yvela RvTismsaxursa Tu eklesiis winamZ-
Rvars religiuri sazogadoebis safinanso-sameurneo saqmeebSi CarT-
va.
4. mkacrad iqnes gafrTxilebuli yvela mRvdelmTavari da sxva
kultis msaxurni, raTa Sewydes aramoqmed da araregistrirebul
eklesiebSi saxalxo Tu saeklesio dResaswaulebSi monawileoba“.
religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis davalebiT, quTaTel-gaenaTel mi-
tropolit Sio avaliSvils quTaisis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis
gelaTis filialis TanamSromlebi sastikiwinaaRmdegni iyvnen, rom
administraciuli wesiT daxurul eklesiaSi 8 Tebervals daviT IV
aRmaSeneblis saflavze paraklisi gadaxdiliyo. ase iyo yvelgan,
magram miuxedavad aseTi didi survilisa, rwmunebulTa aparati veR-
ar axerxebda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
samoqmedo asparezis SezRudvas. religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis erT-
erT gulaxdil CanawerSi vkiTxulobT: ̀ mxolod ukiduresad reaqci-
uli eklesiis msaxurni, ucxoel antisabWoelebTan erTad, moiTxoven,
rom Cvens qveyanaSi religiur gaerTianebebsa da maT wevrebs ufleba
mieceT imoqmedon ise, rogorc es maT moesurvebaT“[27, 1200, 7720].
ase azrovnebdnen religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulTa aparatSi.
1980-iani wlebidan uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarT-
velos kaTolikos-patriarqi oficialuri xelisuflebisagan da-
JinebiT moiTxovda sasuliero akademiis gaxsnis nebarTvas. rogorc
misi uwmidesoba aRniSnavs, am saqmeSi mas didi daxmareba gauwia
religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulma batonma anzor wiklaurma.
XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis meore naxevridan, erovnul-ganmaT-
avisuflebeli moZraobis aRmavlobis periodSi, araerTxel daisva
47
sakiTxi religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis aparatis gauqmebis Sesaxeb.
1990 wlis 22 aprils saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWom aseTi dad-
genileba gamosca: `gauqmdes saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWosTan
arsebuli religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis aparati yvela Tavisi fun-
qciiT. respublikis teritoriaze ganlagebuli marTlmadidebeli
eklesiisa da saqarTvelos sapatriarqos yvela sakulto nagebo-
ba gamocxaddes saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakuTre-
bad“[27, 16420].
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II saocari mimteveblobiT da
araCveulebrivi madlierebis grZnobiT yovelTvis magaliTs aZlevs
ers. 1995 wels mcxeTaSi, sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi, saqa-
rTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis gafarToebul
krebaze, man aRniSna, rom saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli
religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis aparati eklesiis SezRudvisa da da-
CagvrisaTvis iyo Seqmnili, magram ̀ ar SemiZlia ar gavixseno, _ brZana
uwmidesma, _ religiis saqmeTa ori rwmunebuli: Tengiz onofriSvili
da anzor wiklauri. Tengiz onofriSvili mRvdlis SviliSvili iyo,
romlis suraTic man erTxel saidumlod maCvena. anzor wiklaurs,
romelic axlaxan gardaicvala, didi wvlili miuZRvis Tbilisis sa-
suliero akademiis gaxsnaSi. erTica da meorec istorikosebi iyvnen
da kargad esmodaT eklesiis roli Cveni qveynis cxovrebaSi“.
48
sergo vardosaniZesergo vardosaniZe
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriulisaqarTvelos eklesiis istoriuli
avtokefaliis aRiarebaavtokefaliis aRiareba
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtoke-
faliis aRdgenisa da pirveli saeklesio krebis mier sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad kirion II-is arCevis Semdeg uw-
midesma da unetaresma kirion II-m daiwyo seriozuli muSaoba, raTa
marTlmadidebel da aramarTlmadidebel msoflios mkafio warmodge-
na SehqmnodaT, ra moxda saqarTveloSi, da ar aRmoCeniliyvnen ruse-
Tis sapatriarqos mier gavrcelebuli tendenciuri informaciebis
tyveobaSi. pirvel yovlisa, iyo survili ruseTis eklesiasTan mego-
bruli urTierTobis damyarebisa, magram 1917 wlis agvistoSi ruse-
Tis axladarCeulma patriarqma tixonma saqarTvelos marTlmadide-
beli samociqulo eklesiis maRalierarqebs mcxeTaSi 1917 wlis 12
(25) marts miRebuli dokumentis gauqmebisa da sinanulisaken mou-
woda. amitom 25 wlis manZilze saqarTvelosa da ruseTis marTlma-
didebel eklesiaTa Soris evqaristuli kavSiri ar arsebobda.
1943 wlis 31 oqtombers, daZabuli molaparakebebis Semdeg,
ruseTis patriarqma sergim oficialurad aRiara saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis teritoriuli avtokefalia,
1917 wlis 12 (25) martis sveticxovlis damoukideblobis aq-
tis kanoniereba da rusi mrevlisadmi mimarTvaSi daadastura saqa-
rTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasTan evqaristuli
kavSiris aRdgena. ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mier saqa-
rTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aR-
iarebis dokuments xels awerdnen patriarqi sergi da sinodis mud-
mivi wevrebi, mitropolitebi: aleqsi, nikolozi, mTavarepiskoposebi:
andrei, aleqsi, ioane. amis Semdeg saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel ekle-
sias mWidro, megobruli urTierToba hqonda ruseTis eklesiasTan.
49
1946 wels saqarTveloSi oficialuri megobruli vizitiT Ca-
mobrZanda ruseTis patriarqi uwmidesi aleqsi I. 1958 wels igi
meored Camovida saqarTveloSi. 1945-1948 wlebSi uwmidesi da une-
taresi kalistrate stumrobda moskovs. 1951-1970 wlebSi moskovSi
araerTxel Catarda sabWoTa kavSirSi arsebul religiur konfesi-
aTa meTaurebis Sexvedra, samSvidobo konferenciebi. am SexvedrebSi
monawileobdnen uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-
likos-patriarqni: melqisedek III, efrem II, daviT V, ilia II. ruseTisa
da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris keTilganwyobili
urTierToba damyarda.
1977 wlis 25 dekembers uwmidesisa da unetaresis, ilia II-
is aRsaydrebaze moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqi pimeni
am sityvebiT miesalma saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurs: `ruseTis
marTlmadidebeli eklesia, aRsavse uRrmesi pativiscemiT Tavisi
erTmorwmune, moZme qarTuli eklesiisadmi, guliT xarobs am uwmides
taZarSi gamefebuli sixaruliTa da zeimiT. es sixaruli wmidaa da
naTeli. Cvenc sixarulma mogviyvana aq, raTa erTxel kidev davudas-
turoT keTilmorwmune qarTvel ers da mis Rirseul mwyemsmTavars
sruliad ruseTis eklesiis samwysos siyvaruli“.
uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-
triarqi ilia II patriarq pimenis am pozicias pativiscemiTa da
ruseTis eklesiisadmi siyvaruliT pasuxobda. 1978 wlis maisSi
man monawileoba miiRo ruseTSi patriarqobis aRdgenidan 60
wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil sazeimo RonisZiebaSi. aq igi Sexvda da
momavali urTierTobebis gaRrmavebis sakiTxebze esaubra msof-
lio sapatriarqos warmomadgenlebs, mitropolitebs _ melitonsa
da barTolomeoss (axlandel msoflio patriarqs), ierusalimis
eklesiidan – mitropolit germanes, rumineTis eklesiidan _ mi-
tropolit Teoqstites (SemdgomSi patriarqs), bulgareTis pa-
triarq maqsimes, eladis eklesiis warmomadgenels _ mitropolit
varnavas, kvi prosis eklesiis meTaurs _ mTavarepiskopos qrizos-
tomoss, Cexoslovakiis eklesiis meTaurs _ doroTes, poloneTis
50
eklesiis meTaurs _ mitropolit vasils, amerikisa da kanadis
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurs _ mTavarepiskopos Teodo-
sis, somxuri eklesiis meTaurs _ patriarq-kaTolikos vazgens
I-s. ruseTis eklesiis meTauris, uwmides pimenisadmi mimarTul
misalmebaSi man aRniSna: `rusuli eklesiis aTaswlovani istoria
_ es aris qristes jvris mtvirTelobis aTaswlovani gza. es
aris wmindanTa dasebi, es aris qristianuli siyvaruli, es aris
brZola WeSmariti rwmenisa da mamulisaTvis. es aris sulier
faseulobaTa Seqmna da zrunva maTi SenarCunebisaTvis“.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II yovelTvis pativiscemiT ixsen-
ebda ruseTis patriarqebs _ uwmides aleqsi I-sa da uwmides pimens.
man 1990 wels patriarq pimenis dakrZalvaze ase daaxasiaTa igi:
`rodesac Cven uwmidesi patriarqis _ pimenis cxovrebas Soridan
vuyurebT, vxedavT mxolod mis sidiades, gvaxsendeba sadResaswaulo
RvTismsaxurebani, wirva-locvani, magram ver vxedavT im mZime gansac-
delsa da devnas, romelic man gadaitana, ver vxedavT im Tavganwirul
msaxurebas, mis uZilo, locviT gaTenebul Rameebs, mis cremlebsa da
tanjvas, im mZime jvars, romelic mas Tavisi mxrebiT mihqonda“.
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m axladarCeul patriarq aleqsi
II–s tradiciuli megobroba da urTierTTanamSromloba SesTavaza.
XX sauunis 90-ian wlebSi bolSevikebis mier modernizebuli
ruseTis sabWoTa imperia _ sabWoTa kavSiri _ daiSala. es procesi
yofili sabWoTa respublikebisaTvis, maT Soris _ saqarTvelosaT-
vis, sakmaod mtkivneuli aRmoCnda. ruseTis politikuri wreebis
waqezebiTa da mxardaWeriT gaZlierda separatistuli tendencie-
bi saqarTvelos istoriul miwa-wyalze, afxazeTsa da cxinvalis
regionSi. ruseTma faqtobrivad am teritoriebis aneqsia moaxdina,
Tumca saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobas jiutad umtkicebs, rom igi
regionSi icavs mSvidobasa da stabilurobas. Ees xdeba im fonze,
rodesac 300 000 qarTveli gamoZevebulia afxazeTis teritoriidan,
14 aTasze meti adamiani ki daxoces sakuTar miwa-wyalze. daxvrites
mama andria, daarbies eklesiebi.
51
ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesia Tavis bundovan gancxade-
bebSi TiTqos gmobda Zaladobas, magram, samwuxarod, am yvelaferSi
iribad qarTvelebs adanaSaulebda. ruseTis patriarqma aleqsi II-m
TbilisSi yofnisas Tavi aarida am problemebze msjelobas. cx-
um-afxazeTisa da cxinvalis eparqiebidan separatistebis mier ga-
moZevebulia qarTveli samRvdeloeba da am dros ruseTis eklesia,
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gverdis avliT, cdilobs iq rusi sasu-
liero pirebis damkvidrebas da amas amarTlebs mosaxleobis reli-
giuri moTxovnilebiT. iseT viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme, rom, rogorc
ruseTis saxelmwifo, aseve eklesia, sajarod aRiareben saqarTve-
los teritoriul mTlianobas, saqarTvelos eklesiis teritoriul
avtokefalias, magram sinamdvileSi piriqiT iqcevian. am Tvalsaz-
risiT rad Rirs Tundac is faqti, rom cxinvalis separatistuli
ukanono SeiaraRebuli formirebis aRlumze monawileobs ruseTis
vladikavkazis eparqiis winamZRoli?
ruseTis ̀ patriot mecnierTa“ wreebSi gaCnda mosazrebani axali
aTonis monastris ruseTis eklesiisaTvis dabrunebis aucileblobis
Sesaxeb. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da
unetaresi ilia II mkacrad gmobs yovelive amas. ruseTis patriarq
aleqsi II-sadmi gagzavnil werilSi igi aRniSnavs: `me miviRe sakmaod
ucnauri da gaugebari werili da aucileblad miviCnie, gamecno igi
TqvenTvis, miT umetes, rom igi ruseTisa da saqarTvelos avtoke-
faliuri eklesiebis urTierTobebs exeba.... upirveles yovlisa, gva-
ocebs, ratom erevian mecnierebi ori Zmuri avtokefaliuri eklesiis
urTierTobaSi? vin misca maT amis uflebamosileba? me ar vfiqrob,
rom es Tqvengan miecaT. mtkiceba axali aTonis monastris ruseTis
eklesiisaTvis dabrunebisa im motiviT, rom igi rusi ostatebis,
rusi xalxisa da ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis xarjebiT
aSenda, arasworia. me SemiZlia mravali magaliTi moviyvano imis
Taobaze, rom bevri qarTuli taZari da Senoba moskovSi, peterburg-
sa Tu ruseTis sxva qalaqebSi qarTveli mefeebisa da Tavadebis
mier aris aSenebuli; Cven rom dRes erTmaneTs msgavsi pretenzie-
52
bi wavuyenoT, es ar Seuwyobs xels Cveni xalxebisa da eklesiebis
megobrobas... garda amisa, minda SegaxsenoT, rom rodesac 1943 wels
ruseTis eklesiam aRiara saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqu-
lo eklesiis teritoriuli avtokefalia, saqarTveloSi arsebuli
yvela rusuli samwyso da monasteri saqarTvelos eklesiis iuris-
diqcias gadaeca“. patriarqma aseve mkacrad dagmo vladikavkazisa
da stavropolis mitropolit gedeonis mcdeloba `samxreT oseTis
xalxisaTvis sulieri daxmarebis aRmoCenis Sesaxeb“ da dasZina: `up-
irveles yovlisa, meufe gedeonma unda icodes, rom yofili samx-
reT oseTis teritoria saqarTvelos uZvelesi teritoriaa, Tavisi
gancxadebiT igi mtrobas sTess ara mxolod qarTvelebsa da osebs,
aramed qarTvelebsa da rusebs Sorisac~..
samwuxarod, ruseTis eklesiam mkafio pasuxi ver gasca, Tu ra-
tom xdeba yovelive es, verc 1992 wlis oqtomberSi, rodesac uw-
midesma da unetaresma ilia II-m mimarTa ruseTis patriarq aleqsi
II-s da sTxova, gamoeyenebina Tavisi avtoriteti afxazeTSi datri-
alebuli sisxlisRvris SesaCereblad, da verc Semdgom.
ruseT-saqarTvelos politikuri urTierTobebis istoriaSi
yvelaze rTuli ar yofila arc amoucnobniSnebiani TviTmfrinave-
biT saqarTvelos mosazRvre teritoriebis permanentuli dabombva,
arc ekonomikuri blokada da arc ormagi standartebis politika,
bevrad ufro mZime da Seuracxmyofeli iyo 2006 wlis Semodgomaze
qarTvelTa damamcirebeli deportacia ruseTis sxvadasxva qalaqidan
da maTi devna eTnikuri niSnis mixedviT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ori
qveynis urTierToba saSiS zRvars gascda. am viTarebaSi ruseTis
sapatriarqos mier saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa
da unetaresi ilia II-s miwveva moskovSi marTlmadidebeli encik-
lopediis me-13 tomis prezentaciaze dasaswrebad, scildeboda en-
ciklopediis prezentaciis farglebs. viziti 2007 wlis 1-5 marts
Sedga. mravalricxovani qarTuli delegacia, romelsac patriarqi
xelmZRvanelobda, fiqrobda, msjelobda, rogori Sedegebi eqneboda am
vizits. yvela Relavda, mSvidad mxolod misi uwmidesoba iyo. man
53
pirvelsave oficialur Sexvedraze mkafiod ganacxada: `Cven Camoved-
iT friad sapasuxismgeblo dros, rodesac ruseTsa da saqarTvelos
Soris urTierTobebi sagrZnoblad garTulda... vimedovnebT, rom es
urTierTobebi uaxloes momavalSi gaumjobesdeba da mivxvdebiT, rom
mezobel saxelmwifoebs Soris urTierTobebi unda iyos stabilu-
ri da megobruli. Cven erTmaneTs vWirdebiT. arsebobs SesaniSnavi
brZnuli gamonaTqvami: diliT, amomaval mzeze adre xedav mezobels...
ruseTs unda sWirdebodes erTiani, megobruli saqarTvelo.~
patriarqma 4 marts moskovis macxovris sakaTedro taZarSi,
uwmides aleqsi II-sTan erToblivi RvTismsaxurebis Semdeg, mTeli
msoflios gasagonad ganacxada: `problemebi, romlebic warmoiSvnen
afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi, RvTis madliT, gadawydeba qa-
rTuli saxelmwifos, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis wiaRSi, xolo arCevnebi, romelic dRes tardeba afxazeTSi,
saidanac 300 aTasi mkvidri mcxovrebi gamoZevebulia, ar SeiZleba
CaiTvalos legitimurad~. 2008 wlis agvistos movlenebis Sem-
deg, rodesac ruseTis federaciis regularuli samxedro nawilebi
SemoiWrnen saqarTvelos teritoriaze da moaxdines Cveni teri-
toriis 20 procentis okupacia, ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris
gawyda diplomatiuri urTierToba... 2008 wlis dekemberSi gar-
daicvala ruseTis patriarqi uwmidesi aleqsi II. rTuli iyo am
gadawyvetilebis miReba, magram uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m
moskovSi pativi miago gardacvlili patriarqis xsovnas. gamgza-
vrebamde man aRniSna: `Cven SesaZlebelia Sexvedra gvqondes ruse-
Tis xelisuflebasTan. Cveni viziti aRemateba im misias, risTvisac
ruseTSi mivdivarT. me maT mTeli Cveni eris saxeliT minda vuTxra,
rom qarTveli eri verasodes Seurigdeba imas, rom afxazeTi da cx-
invali iyos saqarTvelos gareSe.~ ilia II moskovSi Sexvda ruseTis
prezident dimitri medvedevs. Zneli da rTuli iyo es Sexvedra, sa-
saubro Temebi, magram aucilebeli. 2009 wlis seqtemberSi ruseTis
eklesiis wmida sinodma e. w. afxazeTis eklesiis Txovnaze, mieRo is
ruseTis eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi, oficialurad uariT upasuxa da
54
ganmarta, rom afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTze aRiarebs saqarTvelos
eklesiis kanonikur uflebas.
2010 wlis 21 dekembers saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ekle-
siis wmida sinodma miiRo gadawyvetileba cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis
uSualod kaTolikos-patriarqisaTvis daqvemdebarebis Sesaxeb.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTaur-
ma kidev erTxel dagvanaxa, rom politika rTuli xelovnebaa, ma-
gram, rogorc azvirTebul okeaneSi gemis brZen winamZRols SeuZlia
misi samSvidoboze gayvana, mis uwmidesobas Seswevs Zala urTules
diplomatiur labirinTebSi mSvidad gaiaros da Tavisi qveynisa da
dedaeklesiis interesebi daicvas udidesi taqtiTa da RirsebiT.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia msof-
lio sapatriarqosTan urTierTobas yovelTvis gansakuTrebul
mniSvnelobas aniWebda. 1991 wlis 29 aprils TurqeTis xe-
lisuflebam stambolis meris moadgilis meSveobiT gamoiZaxa
msoflio patriarqi dimitriosi da mouwyo dakiTxva. TurqeTis
xelisufleba XV saukunidan ar cnobs msoflio sapatriarqos
da konstantinopolis msoflio patriarqebs adgilobrivi ber-
Znuli Temis eklesiis meTaurebs uwodebs. sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqma TurqeTis prezident Turgut ozalisadmi
gagzavnil werilSi xma aRimaRla msoflio sapatriarqos pativi-
sa da Rirsebis dasacavad, dagmo msoflio patriarqis dakiTxvis
faqti da gamoTqva rwmena, rom msgavsi incidenti ar ganmeor-
deboda. uwmidesma da unetaresma gaamxneva msoflio patriarqi.
`saqarTvelos sapatriarqo mudam TqvenTan iqneba~, – ganucxada
mas uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m. es moxda im dros, rode-
sac demokratiuli msoflios religiur konfesiaTa liderebi
TurqeTis xelisuflebis ganawyenebas moeridnen da Seqmnil vi-
TarebaSi dumili amjobines. Tavis mxriv, msoflio sapatriarqom
mkacrad dagmo ruseTis imperiuli politika afxazeTsa da cxin-
valis regionSi da mouwoda ruseTis sapatriarqos, Tavi Seikavos
religiuri separatizmis mxardaWerisgan.
55
1994 wlis maisSi konstantinopolis msoflio patriarqi bar-
Tolomeos I patriarqis rangSi pirvelad ewvia saqarTvelos. qveya-
naSi Seqmnili rTuli socialur-politikuri viTarebis miuxedavad,
saqarTvelos eklesiam Rirseuli maspinZloba gauwia mas. 2003 wlis
19-24 seqtembers msoflio patriarqi barTolomeos I kvlav stum-
robda saqarTvelos. man imogzaura quTais-gaenaTis, xonis, baTumisa
da sxalTis eparqiebSi. moiloca qarTuli siwmideebi. samebis sakaT-
edro taZris daTvalierebis Semdeg uwmidesma barTolomeos I-ma
ganacxada: `es taZari iqneba didi warmateba Tqveni kaTolikos-pa-
triarqisa, romelsac bevri ram aqvs gakeTebuli, magram es iqneba
gvirgvini misi moRvaweobisa“.patriarqma barTolomeosma aRniSna, rom
`rac ufro meti problemebis winaSe dgas saqarTvelo, miT ufro
metad izrdeba xalxis rwmena da maTi mxurvale damokidebuleba
marTlmadideblobisadmi. es imas niSnavs, rom qarTveli xalxi prob-
lemebTan SesabrZoleblad Zalas iRebs Semoqmedi RmerTisgan.“
msoflio patriarqis miwveviT uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II ar-
aerTxel Cavida konstantinepolSi, ewvia istoriul kabadokias, moilo-
ca istoriuli saqarTvelos _ tao-klarjeTis _ eklesia-monastrebi,
gaamxneva TurqeTis respublikaSi mcxovrebi qarTveloba. 2011 wlis
seqtemberSi TurqeTis respublikis premier-minstrma erdoRanma gaa-
keTa gancxadeba TurqeTSi sxvadasxva religiuri denominaciebisaTvis
sakuTrebis dabrunebis SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb. uwmidesma da unetares-
ma ilia II-m imave wlis 26 seqtembers sagangebo weriliT mimarTa
TurqeTis premier-ministrs: `Tqveno aRmatebulebav, mogesalmebiT Rrma
pativiscemiT da mogmarTavT CvenTvis mniSvnelovani erTi sakiTxis
gamo. damoukidebeli saqarTvelos respublikis (1918-1921 ww.) an-
eqsiis Semdeg saqarTvelos ar hqonda saSualeba Tavisi suverenuli
uflebebisa da erovnuli interesebis dacvisa. am periodSi sastikad
idevneboda saqarTvelos avtokefaluri eklesia da dapatimrebuli iyo
misi mmarTveli kaTolikos-patriarqi da episkoposebi. amitomacaa, rom
1930 wels, rodesac saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebiT da TurqeTis saxel-
mwifos kanonmdeblobiT ganisazRvra ramdenime denominaciis statusi,
56
maT Soris ver moxvda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia... say-
ovelTaod cnobilia, rom dRevandeli TurqeTis teritoriaze araerTi
uZvelesi eklesia-monasteria, romelic yovelTvis iyo saqarTvelos
eklesiis kanonikur iurisdiqciaSi. amJamad ki titulovani episko-
posebis daqvemdebarebaSi Sedis. es eklesia-monastrebi ar SeiZleba
iyos arc konstantinopolis sapatriarqosi, arc somxuri da arc sxva
romelime eklesiisa, radgan yvela niSniT es aris qarTuli kulturis
Zeglebi. gTxovT, uaxloes periodSi ganixiloT Cveni eklesiis samar-
Tliani Txovna TurqeTis teritoriaze arsebuli Zeglebis iuridiuli
statusisa da eklesia-monastrebis sakuTrebis Sesaxeb~. patriarqi 2011
wlis oqtomberSi stumrobda TurqeTis respublikas, konstantinopol-
Si Sexvda msoflio patriarqs barTolomeos I-s, monawileobda misi
intronizaciis 20 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil sadResaswaulo RonisZie-
bebSi. ori uZvelesi eklesiis meTaurma imsjela marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis winaSe arsebuli problemebis Sesaxeb.
2014 wlis 5-9 marts konstantinopolSi Sedga panorTodoqsuli
Sekreba, romlis muSaobaSi monawileobda saqarTvelos marTlmadide-
beli eklesiis delegacia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-
arqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposis, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxaz-
eTis mitropolitis ilia II-is xelmZRvanelobiT. panorTodoqsuli
krebis muSaobaSi monawileobda 13 adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis delegacia _ konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis,
ierusalimis, moskovis, saqarTvelos, serbeTis, rumineTis, bulgareTis,
kviprosis, eladis, albaneTis, poloneTis eklesiaTa meTaurebi.
saeklesio krebis monawileebs sityviT mimarTa uwmidesma da
unetaresma, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolios-patriarqma ilia II-m.
man brZana: `saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis saxeliT guliTa-
dad mogesalmebiT marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa meTaurebsa da war-
momadgenlebs da aRvniSnav, rom Cveni dRevandeli Sexvedra metad
mniSvnelovania, radganac man unda ganixilos sakiTxebi, romlebic
momavali didi krebis warmatebiT Catarebis winapirobad unda iqces.
ra Tqma unda, gasaTvaliswinebelia is SiSi, romelic arsebobs
57
mrevlis did nawilSi am saeklesio krebasTan dakavSirebiT da ma-
qsimaluri sifrTxiliTa da pasuxismgeblobiT unda movekidoT mis
momzadebas. Tumca xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom msoflio krebebis
mowveva xdeboda mwvaleblobisagan eklesiis dacvis da WeSmari-
ti swavlebis ganmtkicebis mizniT. es kreba ki sxva saxisaa, misi
mowvevis safuZveli da mizezi sul sxva aris.
didi krebis mizania, saerTaSoriso sazogadoebas aCvenos marTl-
madidebelTa erToba. amitomac aucilebel pirobad migvaCnia, es
Sekreba Catardes mxolod mas Semdeg, roca moxdeba dRis wesrigSi
arsebul yvela sakiTxze konsensusis (yvelas Tanxmobis) miRweva da
yvelas interesis gaTvaliswineba. amasTan, konsensusis wesiT unda
warimarTos mTavari Sexvedrac. es aris realuri garantia imisa, rom
aRniSnuli kreba ar iqces eklesiaTa Soris urTierTobis daZabvis
mizezad da damabrkoleblad msoflios winaSe.
veTanxmebiT im azrs, rom saWiroa ukve gavlili da SeTanxmebuli
Temebis nawilis xelaxla ganxilvac, raTa, Tanamedrove mdgomareobis
gaTvaliswinebiT, kidev erTxel davafiqsiroT Cveni pozicia. amasTan,
aTive sakiTxi, rac SemuSavda mosamzadebel Sexvedrebze da romelTa
Sesaxebac gadawyvetileba iqna miRebuli 1968 wels JenevaSi gamar-
Tul sxdomaze, momavali krebis dRis wesrigSi unda Sevides.
minda aRvniSno uSualod saqarTvelos eklesiasTan dakavSirebu-
li Temebis Sesaxebac:
friad vwuxvarT imis gamo, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel
eklesias jer kidev Tavisi kuTvnili adgili ar ukavia konstanti-
nopolis eklesiis diptiqSi. Tu es ar gamoswordeba da yvela Tema
ar iqneba Setanili momavali krebis gansaxilvel sakiTxTa dRis
wesrigSi, CvenTvis masSi monawileobis miReba Zalian rTuli iqneba.
mogexsenebaT isic, rom Cveni qveynis teritoriuli mTlianoba
darRveulia da afxazeTi da cxinvalis regioni aris Ria Wrilobe-
bi saqarTvelos sxeulze. irRveva saeklesio kanonikuri normebic,
rodesac sxvadasxva eklesiis warmomadgenlebi CvenTan SeuTanxmeb-
lad da Cveni nebarTvis gareSe Cadian afxazeTis eparqiaSi, romelic,
58
cxinvalis regionTan erTad, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesi-
is iurisdiqciis ganuyofeli nawilia. me ar SemiZlia Tqven winaSe
ar davafiqsiro is faqti, rom saqarTvelos am orive eparqiidan
370000-ze meti devnili da iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piria, rom-
lebic dRes Zalian mZime gamowvevebis winaSe imyofebian; problemu-
ria adgilze darCenilTa mdgomareobac.
dabolos, aRvniSnav, rom oc welze metia Cvens qveyanaSi rTuli
viTarebaa, ZmaTa Soris dapirispirebis mZime Sedegebi sakuTar Tavze
gvaqvs gamocdili, amitomac mtkivneulad ganvicdiT dRes siriasa
da ukrainaSi mimdinare movlenebs da vloculobT, rom mSvidobam
daisadguros am qveynebSi.
kidev erTxel mogesalmebiT yvelas da SevTxov ufals, Cveni 6-9
martis Tavyriloba imedis momcemi da nayofieri iyos.~
yovladuwmidesi barTolomeos I-is azriT, adgilobrivi marTlma-
didebeli eklesiebis mWidro TanamSromloba iqneba kargi safuZveli
da `seriozuli Zalisxmeva marTlmadideblur samyaroSi erTianobis
misaRwevad~. patriarqi barTolomeosi aucileblad miiCnevs panorT-
odoqsuli krebis Catarebis daCqarebas. man adgilobriv eklesiebs,
mowvevasTan erTad, winaswar amcno im sakiTxTa CamonaTvali, romleb-
zec unda SeTanxmdnen morig panorTodoqsul saeklesio krebaze. esaa
aTi punqtisgan Semdgari programa:
1. marTlmadidebluri diaspora: saxelmwifo sazRvrebs gareT
arsebuli marTlmadidebluri iurisdiqciis gansazRvrebis
sakiTxi.
2. eklesiis avtokefaliis statusis aRiarebis procedurebi.
3. eklesiis avtonomiis statusis aRiarebis procedurebi.
4. diptiqi: marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis kanonikuri urTier-
TaRiarebis wesebi.
5. dResaswaulebis aRniSvnis saerTo-saeklesio kalendari.
6. qorwinebis saidumlos aRsrulebis wesebi da SezRudvebi.
7. marxvis sakiTxi Tanamedrove msoflioSi.
8. kavSiri sxva qristianul konfesiebTan.
59
9. ekumenuri moZraoba.
10. marTlmadidebeli qristianobis wvlili mSvidobis, Zmobisa
da Tavisuflebis qristianuli idealebis damyarebis saqmeSi.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiisa da aleqsandriis sapatri-
arqos urTierTobebi 1917-1970-ian wlebSi mxolod saaxalwlo,
saaRdgomo da saSobao milocvebiT Semoifargleboda. aleqsandriis
uZveles eklesiasTan saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis daaxloebis procesi daiwyo 1976 wlidan, rodesac ale-
qsandriis papi da patriarqi nikoloz VI soxumSi Sexvda saqarTve-
los marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis sagareo ganyofilebis
Tavmjdomares, cxum-afxazeTis mitropolit ilias. mitropolitma
iliam didi STabeWdileba moaxdina aleqsandriis patriarqze. 1981
wlis 20-31 ivliss aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis papi da pa-
triarqi oficialuri vizitiT estumra saqarTvelos. uwmidesma da
unetaresma aleqsandriis patriarqTan erTad moiloca saqarTvelos
moqmedi eklesia-monastrebi. uwmidesi nikoloz VI saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTaurs dahpirda mxardaW-
eras saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis aRiarebis
saqmeSi. im dros, rodesac qarTveli swavlulebisaTvis sazRvarga-
reTul qarTul samonastro centrebSi muSaoba auxdeneli ocneba
iyo, aleqsandriis patriarqma ganacxda: `didi siamovnebiT miviReb
Tqven mier movlinebul qarTvel mecnierebs, romlebic aleqsandriisa
da kairos samonastro biblioTekebSi dacul qarTul xelnawerebs
Seiswavlian da maT fotopirebs gadaiReben.“
darbazobaze unetaresma nikoloz VI-m ganacxada: ̀ kaTolikos-pa-
triarq ilia II-is saxe saSualebas maZlevs vTqva, rom dRes saqa-
rTvelos eklesiaSi batonobs sibrZne, siyvaruli da Zliereba. igi
Zalze energiulad uZRveba eklesiis saWes da RvTis Svilebi uflis
mier dakanonebuli gziT mihyavs.“
1984 wlis 18–30 maiss uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II ofi-
cialuri vizitiT estumra aleqsandriis sapatriarqos, daaTvaliera
adgilobrivi siwmideni, moiloca wmida ekaterines monasteri sinas
60
mTaze, daaTvaliera monastris unikaluri biblioTeka, sadac qar-
Tuli xelnaweri wignebic aris daculi. uwmidesma da unetaresma
ilia II-m madloba gadauxada aleqsandriis patriarqs da aRniSna:
`Cvens xalxebs didi niWi mohmadla ufalma, amitomac ufro mZime
iyo da aris jvari Cveni erebisa; TiTqos saqristianos sazRvrebis
darajad daadgina ufalma isini, amitomac arian umetesad gvemulni
da jvarcmulni, magram, RvTis SewevniT, kvlavac mkvdreTiT aRmdgarni
da amaRlebulni.“
aleqsandriis uZveles sapatriarqosa da saqarTvelos marTl-
madidebel samociqulo eklesias Soris guliTadi, megobruli
urTierToba damyarda. aleqsandriis papma da patriarqma nikoloz
VI-m gansakuTrebiT Seiyvara saqarTvelo. 1981 wlidan moyolebu-
li, igi yovel zafxuls Camodioda saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelosak-
en misi aseTi ltolva axlobelTa gaocebasac iwvevda. uwmidesi
da unetaresi ilia II qarTuli stumar-maspinZlobis wesis dacviT
xvdeboda sasurvel stumars. uwmidesi nikoloz VI-is pozici-
am gadamwyveti roli Seasrula saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis aRiarebis saqme-
Si. 1984 wlis zafxulSi unetaresma nikoloz VI-m am sityvebiT
mimarTa qarTvel mrevls: – me albaT, metad veRar SegvxvdebiT,
magram locvebiT mudam TqvenTan viqnebi.
aleqsandriis papi da patriarqi nikoloz VI 1984 wlis 9
ivliss gardaicvala. misi saqme ganagrZes unetaresma parTeniosma
da petre VII-m.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is mizani iyo yvela marTl-
madidebel eklesiasTan Zmuri, megobruli urTierTobis damyareba,
magram mTavari mainc pirveli oTxi sapatriarqo iyo: konstantinop-
olis, aleqsandriis, antioqiisa da ierusalimis. saqarTvelos samo-
ciqulo eklesia uZvelesi droidanve mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli
ierusalimisa da antioqiis eklesiebTan. V saukuneSi palestinaSi
moRvaweobda petre qarTveli, romelmac daaarsa qarTuli monasteri.
aqedan moyolebuli XIX saukunemde qarTvelebi mravlad iyvnen wmi-
61
da miwaze arsebul qarTul monastrebSi. vaxtang gorgaslis dros
ukve aSenda didi monasteri, romelic XI saukunis 30-50-ian wlebSi
ganuaxlebia jvris monastris saxeliT giorgi – proxore qarT-
vels. XIV saukuneSi qarTvelebi golgoTas flobdnen da macxovris
saflavis kliteni qarTvelTa sakuTreba iyo. istoriulma qartex-
ilebma qarTvelebis poziciebi Seasusta ierusalimSi, gansakuTre-
biT _ XIX saukuneSi, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis ruseTis
eklesiis daqvemdebarebaSi yofnis dros. saqarTvelos samociqulo
eklesiis yoveli mcdeloba ierusalimis sapatriarqosTan urTier-
Tobis aRdgenisa XX saukunis 20–60–ian wlebSi uSedego aRmoCnda.
mxolod 1977 wlis Semdeg daiwyo ierusalimis sapatriarqosTan
intensiuri molaparakebebi. 1980 wlis 29 maisidan 5 ivnisamde misi
uwmidesoba, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ierusali-
mis patriarqis, benediqte I-is miwveviT ierusalimSi imyofeboda.
mTeli msoflio gaaoca im faqtma, rom qarTvel patriarqs aRtacebis
SeZaxilebiTa da cremlebiT Sexvdnen qarTveli ebraelebi, romlebic
gamoxatavdnen udides siyvarulsa da pativiscemas misi uwmidesobisa
da, misi saxiT, sruliad saqarTvelos mimarT. israelis religiis
saqmeTa ministrma uwmidesTan Sexvedraze ganacxada: – verc erTi
qveyana ver Seedreba saqarTvelos ebraelebTan Tbili, megobruli
urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT. saukuneTa manZilze am urTierTobebSi
ar yofila araviTari gaugebroba. madloba Tqven amisaTvis.
am oficialur Sexvedraze pirvelad daisva jvris monastris
dabrunebis sakiTxi. ierusalimis patriarq benediqtesTan Sexvedraze
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m ganacxada: `Cveni Camosvlis miza-
nia, aRdges is Zveli, tradiciuli urTierTobani, rac gvqonda adre.
warsulSi Cveni qveynebis avbediTobam Sewyvita es Zmuri urTierToba
da dRes ki, vfiqrob, dadga dro ierusalimis eklesiam Seasrulos is
didi misia, rac deda eklesias ekuTvnis.~ 300 wlis Semdeg es iyo
pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac wmida qalaq ierusalims saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTauri estumra.
1981 wlis 17-20 seqtembers saqarTveloSi oficialuri vizitiT
62
imyofeboda misi unetaresoba, wmidisa qalaqisa ierusalimis patri-
arqi diodoros I, romelmac ganacxada, rom ̀ es Sexvedra iyo istori-
uli imitom, rom pirvelad didi xnis Semdeg Cven, ori eklesiis mama-
mTavrebs kvlav mogveca erToblivi Tanamwirvelobis SesaZlebloba“.
qarTvelologiisaTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda ierusalimis patri-
arqis dapirebas, romelic man k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa
institutSi stumrobisas akademikos elene metrevels misca, rom
igi instituts miawvdida jvris monasterSi daculi im qarTuli
xelnawerebis mikrofilmebs, romlebic aqamde ar iyo Seswavlili.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasa da ierusalim-
is sapatriarqos Soris aRdga istoriuli urTierTobani.
1987 wlis oqtomberSi uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II kvlav
estumra wmida qalaq ierusalims. am vizitis dros msofliom Tval-
naTliv dainaxa qarTveli eris tolerantobisa da sxva erebisad-
mi sanimuSo pativiscemis nayofi. qarTveli ebraelebi kvlav didi
siyvaruliT Seegebnen sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs
_ didi xnis win Tbilisidan, quTaisidan, zestafonidan, onidan, ku-
laSidan wasuli ebraelebi modiodnen SvilebiT, SviliSvilebiT da
aRtacebulni ovaciebs umarTavdnen uwmidessa da unetaress. ieru-
salimis mTavarma Jurnalma statiaSi _ ̀ saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-
triarqis ilia II-is piligrimoba ierusalimSi“ _ ase daaxasiaTa
saqarTvelos eklesiis saWeTmyrobeli: `kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia
II aris gulRia, dinamiuri pirovneba. man saqarTvelos uZvelesi
eklesia, Tbilisi, rogorc sabWoTa kavSiris erT-erTi respublikis
centri, Zveli mcxeTa, rogorc sasuliero dedaqalaqi, axali ayvave-
bis gziT waiyvana. aRsrulda patriarqis survili, ierusalimSi ukve
qarTveli berebi da monazvnebi arian. RvTis SewevniT wmida miwaze
qarTvelebs aqvT adgili, sadac aSendeba monasteri. marTalia, jvris
monasteri jerjerobiT isev berZnebis xelSia, magram RvTis SewevniT
daubrundeba mis kanonier mflobels~. 2000 wels qristeSobis did
dResaswaulze misi uwmidesoba mravalricxovan mrevlTan erTad
kvlav CabrZanda ierusalimSi.
63
2012 wlis TebervalSi uwmidesi da unetaresi oficialuri
vizitiT imyofeboda wmida miwaze. vizitis farglebSi igi Sexvda
ierusalimis patriarqs unetares Teofiles, moiloca macxovris
saflavi. uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT Tbilisis
feriscvalebis monastris monazvnebma moamzades 5 metri sigr-
Zisa da 3,6 metri siganis oqromkediT naqargi gadasafarebeli,
romelzec gamosaxulia sicocxlis xe ebraeli eris 12 Sto-
Ti. SuaSi gvirgvins aqvs warwera dabitis fsalmunidan: `ufalma
mwysos eri Tvisi, ufalma akurTxos eri Tvisi mSvidobiT~. es
gadasafarebeli miarTves wm. mefe dabitis saflavs. uwmidesi
da unetaresi ili II Sexvda israelis prezidents, Simon peress,
palestinis prezidents mahmud abass, iordaniis mefes, israelSi
mcxovreb qarTvel ebraelebs; uwmidesma da unetaresma moiloca
qarTvelTa jvris monasteri. patriarqi Cavida mdinare iordaneSi.
26 Tebervals samebis sakaTedro taZarSi wirvis Semdeg ilia II-m
Seajama wmida miwaze vizitis Sedegebi da aRniSna: `wmida miwaze
aris udidesi siwmide, magram isic icodeT, rom, amasTan erTad,
aseve aris didi brZolebic. keTili da boroti gansakuTrebiT
wmida miwaze ibrZvis. Cven, garda amisa, rom moviloceT siwmideebi,
aseve gvqonda ramdenime Sexvedrac. upirveles yovlisa, viyaviT
macxovris yovladwminda saflavze. es momlocveloba iyo Cemi
meoTxed Casvla wmida miwaze da minda giTxraT, rom verc erTi
wina mogzauroba ver Seedreboda amas. ufali Zalian axlos iyo
saqarTvelosTan da me es SevigrZeni, magram amasTan erTad aseve
vigrZeni, ramdenad uRirsi varT yvelani, mTeli saqarTvelo, pira-
dad me da ramdenad didia mowyaleba uflisa. Cven sxva araferi
SegveZlo da SevTxoveT ufals, rom mudam CvenTan iyos, rogorc
brZanebs daviT winaswarmetyveli: `ufalo, Seni var, macxovne me!~
Sen ici, ufalo, ra gzebiT unda mataro, rom macxovno me! Cven
saqarTvelodan Sesawirad waviReT gadasafarebeli wmida mefe
daviT winaswarmetyvelis saflavisaTvis. es iyo raRac saoc-
ari zeimi, iseTi grZnoba dagveufla, TiTqos daviT mefec iRebda
64
monawileobas am zeimSi da daviT mefem Seiwira Cveni ZRveni, ro-
gorc udidesi saCuqari. saocreba iyo mdinare iordaneSi Casvla.
ufali idga Cven Soris da Cven SevediT da veziareT am madlsa
da wyalobas. saocari iyo aseve Cveni Sesvla ierusalimis jvris
monasterSi... Cven, qarTveli morwmuneni, imdeni viyaviT, rom xalxs
ver itevda monasteri. `qriste aRsdga~, _ vgalobdiT qarTvelebi.
amis Semyure iq myofni gaocebulni iyvnen. es iyo SeerTeba cisa
da qveynisa! WeSmaritad iq gamTlianda ca da qveyana~.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiisaTvis
didmniSvnelovani movlena iyo antioqiis sapatriarqosTan istori-
uli urTierTobis aRdgena. saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo
religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg (IV-V ss.). qarTuli samwyso antio-
qiis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda. antioqiis patriarqebs
Sua saukuneebSi pretenzia hqondaT qarTul samwysoze, magram XI
saukunis 50-ian wlebSi giorgi mTawmindelis dasabuTebuli pa-
suxis Semdeg, romelmac antioqiis patriarqs Seaxsena saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis samociqulo warmomavloba, pretenziebi
Sewyda. XV-XIX saukuneebSi, mahmadianTa mZlavrobis xanaSi, antio-
qiis sapatriarqo, romelic bizantiis imperiaSi Sedioda, umZimes vi-
TarebaSi aRmoCnda, Tumca sapatriarqom moaxerxa Tavis gadarCena da
aRmosavleTis (siria, libani) qristianuli centris funqcia Sein-
arCuna. marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris didi avtoritetis mqone
antioqiisa da sruliad aRmosavleTis patriarqi, unetaresi egnate
IV 1981 wlis oqtomberSi oficialuri vizitiT estumra saqarTve-
los marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias. uwmidesma da unetares-
ma, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma ilia II-m sapatio
stumars daaTvalierebina Tbilisisa da mcxeTis RirsSesaniSnaobani,
Sesrulda erToblivi wirva. sazeimo miRebaze gamoiTqva rwmena, rom
urTierToba, romelic am or eklesias saukuneTa manZilze hqonda,
kidev ufro gaRrmavdeboda.
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m, rogorc saeklesio poli-
tikis udidesma mcodnem, yovelTvis kargad icoda, rom marTlma-
65
didebel msoflioSi eqvsi berZnuli sapatriarqo yvela mniSvnelo-
vani sakiTxis gadaWrisas gadamwyvet rols asrulebda. garda amisa,
sazRvargareT arsebuli qarTuli istoriuli samonastro centre-
bis umravlesoba am eqvsi sapatriarqos teritoriazea. amitom Cveni
eklesiisaTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda megobruli urTierTobebis
gaRrmavebas aTenisa da sruliad eladis, kviprosis eklesiebTan.
jer kidev cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitobis dros, 1976 wlis 17–20
ivniss, igi iyo uSualo maspinZeli aTenisa da eladis eklesiaTa
mravalricxovani delegaciisa, romelSic 7 mitropoliti da 11 mR-
vdeli Sedioda. mitropolit ilias aseTi Canaweri aqvs gakeTebuli:
`pirvelad erTgvari eWvis TvaliT gviyurebdnen, igrZnoboda raRac
daZabuloba da undobloba berZnebis mxridan, Semdeg TiTqos galRva
yinuli... maT gamoTqves survili CvenTan TanamSromlobisa, moiTx-
oves studentebis gacvla. saqarTvelos eklesiam xelidan ar unda
gauSvas es momenti. studentebis gagzavniT mivaRwevT sam mizans: 1.
SeviZenT berZnuli enis specialistebs; 2. qarTuli eklesia maTi
meSveobiT ufro daukavSirdeba berZnul eklesias; 3. am studentebis
meSveobiT Cveni eklesia da qarTveli mecnierebi daukavSirdebian
aTonis iverTa monasters da iq dacul qarTul xelnawerebs“.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ZalisxmeviT eladis eklesiasTan
damyarda megobruli urTierToba. 2002 wels aTenisa da sruli-
ad eladis mTavarepiskoposi qristodulosi Camovida saqarTveloSi,
Sexvda mis uwmidesobas, wmida sinods, qarTvel mecnierebs, gamoxata
aRfrTovaneba saqarTveloSi qristianuli sarwmunoebis aRmavlobis
gamo da saqarTvelos eklesiasTan urTierTobis kidev ufro gaRr-
mavebis survili gamoTqva. man aRniSna: Cveni dRevandeli Tanamwir-
veloba aris umaRlesi gamoxatuleba moZme eklesiebis saWeTmpyro-
belTa erTianobisa da warmoadgens beWeds gaazrebuli, ormxrivi
siyvarulisa da urTierTrwmenisa.
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis RvawliTa da
locva–kurTxeviT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo ekle-
sias sxvadasxva dros estumrnen bulgareTis patriarqi maqsime,
66
rumineTis patriarqi Teoqstite, Cexoslovakiis eklesiis meTauri
doroTeosi, varSavisa da poloneTis mitropoliti vasili, serbeTis
patriarqi pavle; amerikisa da kanadis marTlmadidebeli eklesi-
is meTaurebi: jer _ Teodosi, Semdeg _ hermane. uwmidesi da une-
taresi ilia I-c stumrobda msoflio marTlmadidebel eklesiebs,
xvdeboda ara marto eklesiaTa meTaurebs, aramed _ qveynis poli-
tikur liderebsac. misi uwmidesoba Tavis misasalmebel sityvas
yvelgan saqarTvelos istoriis, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis
unikalurobisa da TavisTavadobis raobis axsniT iwyebda. gasuli
saukunis 70-90-ian wlebSi msofliom Zalian cota ram icoda saqa-
rTveloze, qarTvel xalxze. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samoci-
qulo eklesiis meTauri iyo qarTveli eris is sulieri winamZRoli,
romelsac msofliosaTvis unda gaecno yovelive es. am Sexvedrebma,
patriarqis saocarma pirovnulma xiblma msoflios marTlmadidebe-
li eklesiebis TvalSi kidev ufro aamaRla saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtoriteti. amitom iyo, rom 1990 wels, rodesac msoflio sapa-
triarqom aRiara saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo ekle-
siis istoriuli avtokefalia, yvelam mxari dauWira da sagangebo
molocvebi gamougzavna mis uwmidesobas.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia isto-
riulad, qveynis geostrategiuli mdebareobidan gamomdinare, gan-
sakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda gansxvavebul religiur kon-
fesiebTan urTierTobas, romelic urTierTpativiscemis principebs
eyrdnoboda. Sua saukuneebSi monRolebis, iranelebisa da osmalebis
winaaRmdeg brZolaSi qarTveli mefeebi da kaTolikos-patriarqe-
bi cdilobdnen dasavleT evropis qveynebTan mokavSireobiT ganemt-
kicebinaT saxelmwifoebrioba da daecvaT marTlmadidebluri qris-
tianuli sarwmunoeba. am miznebs emsaxureboda qarTvel mefeTa da
kaTolikos-patriarqTa werilebi, gagzavnili romauli kaTolikuri
eklesiis meTaurebisadmi. romis kaTolikurma eklesiam isargebla
aRmosavleTis qveynebis mZime politikuri da ekonomikuri mdgo-
mareobiT da `propaganda de fides“ organizaciis meSveobiT aR-
67
mosavleTis qveynebSi, maT Soris _ saqarTveloSic, kaTolikobis
mqadageblebad gamogzavna misionerebi, romelnic cdilobdnen mosax-
leobis darwmunebas imaSi, rom Tu marTlmadideblobas datovebdnen
da gadavidodnen kaTolikobaze, romis papi daicavda maT iran-os-
maleTis Zalmomreobisagan. XV saukunis 30-ian wlebSi qarTvelma
sasuliero pirebma xeli ar moaweres ferara-florenciis krebis
oqms, romelic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
kaTolikurTan gaerTianebas iTvaliswinebda.
bevri ubedureba gadaitana saqarTvelom XVI-XIX saukuneebSi:
masobrivi xocva-Jleta, eklesia-monastrebis rbeva, magram mtkiced
SeinarCuna marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba. XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi
iran-osmaleTis mier dapyrobil qarTul miwa-wyalze romis papis
mier gamogzavnilma misionerebma moaxerxes qarTvelTa mcire nawi-
lis kaTolikur sarwmunoebaze gadayvana... XIX saukuneSi somxebma,
ruseTis saimperatoro xelisuflebaSi TavianTi momxreebis meSveo-
biT, imperator nikoloz II-s gamoacemines kanoni, romlis Tanaxmadac
qarTveli kaTolikeebi somxeTis monofizituri eklesiis iurisdiq-
ciaSi unda gadasuliyvnen, e.i. gasomxebuliyvnen. am viTarebaSi qa-
rTveli marTlmadideblebi gamoesarClnen istoriuli Znelbedobis
Jams sarwmunoebaSecvlil TanamoZmeebs. es dava gagrZelda XX sauku-
nis pirvel meoTxedSic. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg uwmidesma da unetaresma,
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqma kirion II-m werili
gaugzavna romis paps. `gangebaman RmrTisaman, – aRniSnavda uwmidesi
kirion II, _ ara ucxo qmna eklesiai Cueni hromTaTvis didisa, petre
da andria pirvelwodebulTa, maT mowafeTa qristeisaTa, romelTa
Tesli ubiwod ganabnies, marTalsa sarwmunoebisai ars siyvaruli da
Tvisobai orTa amaT eklesiisTai.~uwmidesi kirion II esarCleboda
qarTvel kaTolikeebs, romelnic idevnebodnen rusul-somxuri poli-
tikis gamo sakuTar samSobloSi. `vsasoeb, viTarmed uwmidesobai
Seni ara ugulebelyofs qarTvel kaTolikeTa erovnul-sarwmunoe-
briv xasiaTs~, _ werda misi uwmidesoba. marTlmadidebeli qarTveli
68
patriarqi gamoesaCrla ra kaTolikuri aRmsareblobis qarTvelebs,
romis paps megobroba da TanamSromloba SesTavaza.
saqarTvelosa da romaul-kaTolikur eklesiaTa Soris urT-
ierToba epistolur formas ar gascilebia 1917-1977 wlebSi. 1978
wels saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis sagareo
ganyofilebis Tavmjdomare, cxum-afxazeTis mTavarepiskoposi ni-
kolozi (maxaraZe) eswreboda romis papis pavle II-is dakrZal-
vas, xolo 1980 wlis 5-6 ivniss uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II oficialuri vizitiT
imyofeboda vatikanSi, sadac Sexvda romis paps. Uuwmidesisa da un-
etaresis CanawerebSi vkiTxulobT: `papi ioane pavle II Semxvda
karebTan. gadavexvieT erTmaneTs, qarTulad mivmarTe: `qarTveli eri-
sa da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis saxeliT
guliTadad mogesalmebiT. saqarTvelos eklesia didi sixaruliTa
da kmayofilebiT Sexvda im faqts, rom papi polonelia, mcire eris
warmomadgeneli. igi ufro gaigebs mcire erebis problemebs Tana-
medrove msoflioSi~. papi yuradRebiT mismenda (Tarjimani Targmni-
da), Semdeg sxva magidasTan mivida, saidanac moitana rukebis atlasi,
gadaSala evropis ruka, sadac saqarTveloc Canda. daxeda da mere
mommarTa: Cveni qveynebi Zalian hgvanan erTmaneTs Tavisi warsuliT.
moxaza saqarTvelo da Tqva: samxreTiT Zlieri muslimanuri qveynebia.
me davumate: maTgan bevri gansacdeli gvinaxavs. paps ainteresebda
eklesiisa da xelisuflebis, konstantinopolisa da ruseTis sapa-
triarqosTan urTierTobis sakiTxebi.~
saqarTvelos eklesiis delegaciam daaTvaliera vatikanis bib-
lioTeka, papis piradi samlocvelo, vatikanis RirsSesaniSnaobani.
gadawyda, rom qarTveli mecnierebi daeSvaT vatikanis arqivebSi qa-
rTul dokumentebze samuSaod. romis papma mis uwmidesobas gadasca
vatikanis arqivebSi daculi im sabuTebis mikrofilmebi, romlebic
saqarTvelos istorias exeboda. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m
ganacxada: Cveni eklesiebis gayofis miuxedavad, yovelTvis gvqonda
kulturuli da mecnieruli TanamSromloba, saqarTvelos eklesia
69
da qarTveli xalxia is didi xidi, romelic aerTianebda evropisa
da aziis or did kulturas.
gamarTlda uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is mosazreba. po-
lonuri warmoSobis axalma papma didi roli Seasrula aRmosav-
leT evropis qveynebSi komunisturi ideologiisa da socialisturi
sistemis rRvevis saqmeSi. saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damou-
kideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg TbilisSi gaixsna vatikanis saelCo,
kavkasiaSi romaul-kaTolikuri eklesiis saepiskoposo.
1999 wels saqarTvelos prezidentisa da patriarqis mowveviT
saqarTveloSi oficialuri vizitiT Camovida romis papi. uwmidesma
da unetaresma ilia II-m Tbilisis aeroportSi romis papTan Sex-
vedris dros ganacxada, rom es viziti didi mniSvnelobisaa rogorc
saqarTvelosaTvis, ise mTlianad kavkasiisaTvis. uwmidesma da un-
etaresma ilia II-m da romis papma ioane pavle II-m SeimuSaves
erToblivi mimarTva, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo: `Cven vimyofebiT
kavkasiis regionSi, saqarTveloSi, am gansakuTrebuli geopoli-
tikuri da istoriuli mniSvnelobis mqone regionSi, romelic
aerTianebs evropisa da aziis, dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis kul-
turebs. dRes am regionSi, iseve rogorc msoflios sxvadasxva
qveyanaSi, situacia metad daZabulia. am umniSvnelovanes etapze
msoflio valdebulia moaxdinos Tavisi sulieri, inteleqtual-
uri da fizikuri Zalebis mobilizeba globaluri katastrofis
Tavidan asacileblad. romis eklesiasa da saqarTvelos marTl-
madidebel samociqulo eklesiebs Soris urTierToba ZiriTadad
politikur, kulturul sferoSi viTardeba~.
miuxedavad amgvari urTierTobisa, 2003 wlis 15 seqtembers
vatikanma, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
gverdis avliT, moindoma qarTul saxelmwifosTan gansakuTrebuli
xelSekrulebis gaformeba, romelic 27 muxlisgan Sedgeboda da
saqarTveloSi kaTolikuri eklesiis uflebebis gafarToebisaken
iyo mimarTuli. saqarTvelos sapatriarqom specialuri gancxadebiT
gaaprotesta es faqti da aRniSna, rom vatikans aseTi xelSekruleba
70
arc erT marTlmadideblur saxelmwifosTan ara aqvs gaformebuli.
xalxi quCaSi gamovida, xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda, xelSekrule-
ba aRar gaeformebina. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesia pativs scems im mcirericxovan qarTvel TanamemamuleTa
religiur grZnobebs, romelTa winaprebic istoriuli Znelbedobis
Jams kaTolikur sarwmunoebaze gadavidnen, magram arasodes daxu-
Wavs Tvals romaul-kaTolikuri eklesiis warmomadgenelTa aqti-
uri prozelitizmis politikaze da moTminebiT Seaxsenebs Tavis
Tanamemamuleebs, rom Znelbedoba iyo maTi winaprebis kaTolikoba-
ze gadasvlis mizezi. erTiani qarTuli erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi
cnobierebis safuZveli saqarTveloSi yovelTvis iyo marTlmadide-
bluri sarwmunoeba da eklesia.
mravalsaukunovania qarTveli da somexi xalxebis urTierToba.
am urTierTobebSi negatiurs pozitiuri sWarbobs. VII saukunis
dasawyisidan qarTul da somxur eklesiebs Soris moxda evqaris-
tuli kavSiris gawyveta, vinaidan somxurma eklesiam ar miiRo 451
wlis qalkedonis saeklesio krebis gadawyvetilebani; miuxedavad
amisa, qarTveli da somexi xalxi erTad ibrZoda arabi, Turq-selCu-
ki, monRoli, iraneli da osmalo dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg. Sua
saukuneebSi qarTuli saxelmwifo da qarTveli mefeebi _ bagrat IV,
daviT IV, giorgi III, Tamari, giorgi brwyinvale, aleqsandre I, vaxtang
V, vaxtang VI, erekle II, Teimuraz II _ yovelnairad exmarebodnen
mtrebisgan Seviwroebul somxebs, romlebic tovebdnen TavianT samS-
oblos da saqarTvelos afarebdnen Tavs. Tu XVI–XVIII saukuneebSi
irani da osmaleTi marTlmadidebel qristianebs sastikad sdevnida,
samagierod, srul Tavisulebas aZlevda kaTolikeebsa da monofizit
somxebs, riTac isargebles eCmiaZinis somexTa kaTolikosebma da dai-
wyes religiuri eqspansia saqarTveloSi. maT aq miiTvises mravali
eklesia-monasteri da gadaakeTes isini somxur yaidaze.
XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi qarTvelTa gasomxeba ZiriTadad osmalTa
mier okupirebul qarTul teritoriebze xdeboda. XIX saukuneSi ka-
vkasiaSi damkvidrebul ruseTs yvelaze saimedo dasayrdenad somxebi
71
miaCnda da xels uwyobda qarTveli mahmadianebis TavianTi miwa-wyl-
idan gaZevebis xarjze TurqeTidan somxebis gadmosaxlebas (ZiriTa-
dad samcxe-javaxeTSi). XIX saukuneSi ori somxuri sakaTolikoso
(eCmiaZinisa da kilikiis) da ori somxuri sapatriarqo (ierusali-
misa da konstantinopolis) didi somxeTis aRdgenis ideiT iyo
gatacebuli. Tu es ver moxerxdeboda osmaleTis imperiis xarjze,
maSin saqarTvelos axal somxeTad gadaqceva iyo ganzraxuli.
amitom XIX saukuneSi kavkasiis centrad gamocxadebul Tbilis-
Si datrialda somxuri kapitali, gaaqtiurda mravalricxovani
somxuri diaspora. maT isargebles saqarTvelos eklesiis avtoke-
faliis gauqmebiTa da rusi egzarqosebis xelSewyobiT da kidev
ufro gaaZlieres religiuri eqspansia, qarTvelTa gasomxeba. amis
winaaRmdeg xma aimaRles episkoposma kirionma, ivane gvaramaZem, mix-
eil TamaraSvilma, ilia WavWavaZem, akaki wereTelma, iakob gogebaSv-
ilma, vaJa-fSavelam... miuxedavad amisa, qarTvelobam mainc gauwoda
daxmarebis xeli somxebs 1914-1918 wlebis pirveli msoflio
omis dros osmaleTSi datrialebuli masobrivi xocva-Jletisas
da aTasobiT ltolvili Seifara...
1917 wlis 25 seqtembers TbilisSi yovelTa somexTa kaTo-
likosis gevorq V-is (Tbilelis) depeSa movida. igi uwmidessa
da unetares kirion II-s ulocavda kaTolikos-patriarqad arCevas.
saqarTvelos eklesia Tvlida, rom, konfesiuri sxvaobis miuxedavad,
somxur samociqulo eklesiasTan normaluri urTierToba aucile-
beli iyo. uwmidesma da unetaresma kirion II-m weriliT mimarTa
yovelTa somexTa kaTolikos gevorq V-s. es werili, erTi mxriv,
daxvewili diplomatiisa da meore mxriv, marTlmadidebeli patri-
arqis aramarTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurisadmi damokidebulebis
brwyinvale nimuSia. uwmidesi kirion II werda: ̀ mimovixilav garemosa
Cemsa da TvalTa gonebisa Cemisa Sevayeneb RvTismoSiSsa ersa zeda
haikanisasa Zmuri naTesaobiT qarTlosian-haosianTa... mogikiTxav, uw-
mideso meufeo, raTa wrfiTa da RvawliTa CueniTa aRdgenil iqnas
erToba Cvendami rwmunebulTa erTa. erTobas vityvi ara sarwmunoe-
72
briv–dogmatursa, aramed moqalaqeobriv-ganmanaTleblobisasa, raTa
daemyaros Cuen Soris Zmobai da urTierTs gulisxmavyoT. da raiTa
samSoblos Sina Cuenisa daamkvidros sasufeveli RmrTisai.~
1922 wels TbilisSi Camovida aq dabadebuli da Tbilisis ners-
esis saxelobis somxuri seminariis yofili studenti kaTolikosi
gevorq V. igi Sexvda da qarTul enaze esaubra uwmidessa da une-
tares ambrosis. 1923-1940-ian wlebSi qarTul-somxuri saeklesio
urTierToba epistoluri xasiaTisa iyo. 1945 wlidan intensiuri
gaxda urTierTobebi uwmides kalistratesa da Tbilisis somxuri
eparqiis yofil episkoposs, imxanad yovelTa somexTa kaTolikos
gevorq VI-s Soris. somxuri eklesiis axali meTauri kaTolikosi
vazgen I xSirad stumrobda saqarTvelos. gasaocari iyo misi in-
tuicia da diplomatiuri niWi. ukve 1962 wlidan igi saaxalwlod
misaloc baraTebs ugzavnida jer iRumen, Semdeg arqimandrit, Semdeg
ki mRvdelmTavar ilia SiolaSvils. vazgen I 1961 wels pirvelad
Sexvda arqimandrit ilias da ganWvrita misi didi momavali. 1977
wlis 25 dekembers kaTolikosma vazgen I-ma mcxeTaSi ganacxada: `qa-
rTuli eklesia msoflios erT-erTi yvelaze unikaluri Zeglia...
Zegli, romelic qarTveli eris suls ganasaxierebs. me mwams am su-
lis ukvdaveba, rogorc mwams ukvdaveba TviT qarTveli erisa.~
1978 wlis 12_14 maiss uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II somx-
eTs stumrobda. eCmiaZinSi kaTolikosma vazgen I-ma Tavis xalxs
Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa: `CvenTan imyofeba uwmidesi da unetaresi,
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II. unda aRiniS-
nos, rom igi axali arCeulia patriarqad. am umaRlesi da uwmidesi
msaxurebisaTvis sagrZnoblad axalgazrdaa, mxne, jan-RoniT savse da,
rac mTavaria, didi codniTa da gamocdilebiT SeiaraRebuli... Tavis
samSobloSi mas yurs ugdeben, misi swamT, misi sjeraT, mas afaseben.
aseTi didi siyvaruli Tavisi erisa bevrs ar ergeba wilad. es man
didi sulieri simaRliT moipova~. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia
II-m madloba moaxsena somexTa kaTolikoss da uTxra, rom is, rac XII
saukuneSi daviT aRmaSenebelma gaakeTa saqarTvelosaTvis, is Tqven
73
somxeTis eklesiaSi XX saukunis 50-70-ian wlebSi SeZeliTo.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II amis Semdeg bevrjer estumra
somxeTs iseve, rogorc kaTolikosi vazgen I stumrobda saqarTve-
los.
1978 wlis noemberSi libanis dedaqalaq beiruTSi, sadac so-
mexTa meore religiuri centri, kilikiis somexTa sakaTolikosoa,
mahmadianma teroristebma somxebis masobrivi xocva-Jleta moawyves.
misma uwmidesobam oficialur gancxadebaSi dagmo es vandaluri
aqti da somex xalxs sruli mxardaWera gamoucxada: `Cven, qarT-
velebi, – aRniSna man, – istoriis dasabamidan vcxovrobT uZvelesi
kulturisa da tradiciis mqone somexi xalxis mezoblad. am xnis
manZilze erTad gadagvitania mravali gansacdeli, mterTa Semoseva
da sxva bedukuRmarTobani, da ar SegviZlia gulgrili davrCeT maT
TanamemamuleTa tragediis mimarT~.
patriarqis am gancxadebam saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi somxebis
didi kmayofileba gamoiwvia. amis dasturi iyo axalqalaqeli x.
ovsepianis gamoxmaureba: `vbedav da mogaxsenebT udides madlobas
Tqven, saqarTvelos didebul kaTolikos-patriarqs. somexi xalxi
arasodes ar daiviwyebs Tqvens maRaladamianuri da moqalaqeobrivi
siyvaruliT savse TanagrZnobas~.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II gamoesarCla eCmiaZinis saka-
Tolikosos 1980 wels, rodesac sazRvargareTeli somexi kaTo-
likeni lanZRavdnen da amcrobdnen mis mniSvnelobas. yovelive
amas kargad xedavda kaTolikosi vazgen I da cdilobda, saqarTve-
los samociqulo eklesiasTan urTierTobaSi daecva taqti da yo-
filiyo misi pativismcemeli. uwmidesma ilia II-m saTanado pativi
miago kaTolikos vazgen I-is xsovnas 1994 wels eCmiaZinSi da
sagulisxmo sityva warmoTqva: `didia mwuxareba somxeTis samoci-
qulo eklesiisa da somexi xalxisa, igi emSvidobeba Tavis Rir-
seul da brZen mamamTavars, romelic 39 wlis manZilze, urTules
pirobebSi, iyo saWeTmpyrobeli eCmiaZinis uZvelesi sakaTolikoso
taxtisa... im dros, rodesac SezRuduli iyo kavSiri ucxoeTTan,
74
man moaxerxa urTierToba daemyarebina iq myof samwysosTan, gaeRr-
mavebina maTSi samSoblos siyvaruli, gaemTlianebina eri... SevTxov
ufals, raTa misi ukvdavi suli daawesos im savaneSi, romelSic
somexi xalxis didebuli winaparni ganisveneben~.
kaTolikos vazgen I-is gza ganagrZo kilikiuri warmoSobis
axalma kaTolikosma garegin I-ma, romelmac 1997 wels imogzaura
saqarTveloSi, moixibla Cveni qveyniT, misi didebuli taZrebiT, isto-
riiT. samwuxarod, igi male gardaicvala. amis Semdeg somxur ekle-
siaSi gaZlierda tendencia qarTuli eklesia-monastrebis miTvisebis,
istoriis falsifikaciisa. somxuri sakaTolikosos xelSewyobiT,
erevanSi gamodis ruka-cnobarebi, samecniero wignebi, romlebSic gay-
albebulia saqarTvelos istoria, somxuradaa gamocxadebuli 650-
ze meti qarTuli eklesia. somxur saeklesio internet-saitebze
vrceldeba iseTi informaciebi, romlebic xels ar uwyobs ori me-
zobeli xalxisa da eklesiis megobrul urTierTobas.
qarTul-somxuri urTierTobebi iyo ganxilvis mTavari Temebi
2011 wlis ivnisSi saqarTveloSi yovelTa somexTa umaRlesi pa-
triarq-kaTolikosis, garegin II-is oficialuri vizitis dros. ilia
II-m somxeT-saqarTvelos sazRvrispira sofel sadaxloSi garegin
II-sTan Sexvedrisas ganacxada: `imedi maqvs, rom Tqveni viziti kidev
ufro ganamtkicebs qarTvel da somex xalxebs Soris urTierTo-
bebs~. Tavis mxriv, garegin II-m aRniSna: ̀ moxaruli var, rom saSualeba
momeca Camovsuliyavi saqarTveloSi. aq vimyofebi rogorc Tqveni
piradi mopatiJebiT, aseve somexTa Temis kerZo mowveviT. TqvenTan
erTad minda davloco Cveni erebi, Cveni STamomavloba. Cven unda
gavaZlieroT maTSi qristianobis siyvaruli, megobroba da aseve rw-
mena RvTisadmi~. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi oficialuri miRebisas
ilia II-m aRniSna: `didad vafaseb Tqvens istorias, kulturas, Tqvens
warsuls, gmirobas. roca uWirda somxeTs, uWirda saqarTvelos da
roca uWirda saqarTvelos, uWirda somxeTsac. amitom is Zmuri
urTierToba, romelic odiTganve arsebobda Cven Soris, kvlavac unda
gagrZeldes~. somexTa kaTolikosma oficialur Sexvedraze isaubra
75
saqarTvelos sulieri gabrwyinebisa da winsvlis Sesaxeb da mianiSna,
rom Cveni eklesia saqarTveloSi Tavisi mowodebis Sesrulebisas
garkveul siZneleebs ganicdiso. saqme exeboda somxuri eparqiis
iuridiul statuss, sadavo eklesiebis sakuTrebas. uwmidesma da
unetaresma ilia II-m pirdapir moaxsena stumars: ra statusic eqne-
ba sqarTvelos eklesias somxeTSi, igive statusi eqneba somxeTis
eklesias saqarTveloSi; rac Seexeba taZrebis sakiTxs: es moTxovne-
bi, romlebic arsebobs qarTvelebis mxridan somxeTisadmi da Tavis
mxriv, somxeTis pretenziebi saqarTvelos mimarT, samecniero do-
neze unda ganvixiloT. patriarqma stumrebs ganumarta: `ar SeiZleba
urTierTobebsa da problemebze calmxrivad saubari. urTierToba
ormxrivi unda iyos. roca vsaubrobT ama Tu im eklesiis dabruneba-
ze, kargad unda dadgindes, Tu vis ekuTvnoda igi warsulSi... qarT-
velebsac gvaqvs Cveni moTxovnebi. imedi maqvs, rom Tqveni uwmidesoba
xels Segviwyobs Cveni eklesiebisa da monastrebis dabrunebaSi.
Cvens urTierTobebSi, romelic samagaliTo unda iyos, ar SeiZleba
arsebobdes mxolod calmxrivi moZraoba, interesebi ormxrivad unda
iyos gaTvaliswinebuli~.
saqarTvelos patriarqi Tavis gamosvlaSi gulisxmobda isto-
riul lore-taSiris raionSi, romelic 1921 wlamde saqarTvelos
kuTvnileba iyo, arsebul eklesia-monastrebs, maT Soris axtalis,
qobaieris, xainanis, axkerpis eklesiebs. somxuri mxare mzad iyo
am sakiTxebze damatebiTi konsultaciisaTvis, magram 2011 wlis 5
ivliss saqarTvelos parlamentis mier religiuri gaerTianebebis
Sesaxeb miRebuli kanonis Semdeg es sakiTxi, samwuxarod, ubralod
moixsna dRis wesrigidan, rogorc somxuri samociqulo eklesiis
pres-spikerma vahan meliqianma ganacxada, saqarTvelos parlamentis
mier miRebuli kanoni mosalodneli nabiji iyo... samwuxaroa, ma-
gram faqtia, amiT saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebam da
prezidentma arad Caagdes qarTveli erisa da misi sulieri winamZ-
Rolis mowodeba, saerTo-saxalxo ganxilvis Semdeg mieRoT religi-
uri gaerTianebis Sesaxeb kanoni.
76
qarTvel xalxs istoriulad axasiaTebs sjulSemwynarebloba da
tolerantoba. amis dasturia Tundac is, rom naxevarmilionian somx-
ur diasporas saqarTveloSi aqvs saxelmwifos mier dafinansebuli
skolebi, Teatri, presa, umaRles saswavlebelSi _ somxurenovani gan-
yofileba, somxuri eparqia. istoria ar gvapatiebs Cveni ori qveynisa
da xalxis urTierTobis garTulebas. Mmecnierebma, politikurma da
religiurma moRvaweebma unda gaviTvaliswinoT mravalsaukunovani
megobrobis gamocdileba da SevinarCunoT urTierTndoba da urT-
ierTpativiscema.
istoriulad saqarTvelo Tavis Tavs evropis nawilad miiCnev-
da da cdilobda, mWidrod dahkavSireboda evropul civilizacias.
miuxedavad imisa, rom religiur-konfesiuri TvalsazrisiT evropis
ganviTarebuli qveynebi _ inglisi, safrangeTi, germania, espaneTi, ita-
lia, portugalia _ sruliad gansxvavebulni iyvnen saqarTvelosagan,
monRolebis, iranisa da osmaleTis damangreveli laSqrobebis wi-
naaRmdeg brZolaSi saqarTvelos mainc evropis qveynebis daxmarebis
imedi hqonda. marTalia, XVI-XX saukuneebSi es daxmareba sityvi-
er mxardaWras ar gascilebia, magram saqarTvelos orientacia ar
Secvlila. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi
da unetaresi ilia II, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesia evropis qveynebTan kontaqtebs im dros axerxebda, rode-
sac sabWoTa kavSiri Caketili saxelmwifo iyo da sazRvargareTis
qveynebTan urTierToba _ sagrZnoblad SezRuduli.
1979 wlis 15 ianvars iamaikis dedaqalaq kingstonSi uwmidesi
da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia
II arCeul iqna eklesiaTa msoflio sabWos prezidentad. aman mas
saSualeba misca monawileoba mieRo msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis
politikur da religiur liderTa SexvedrebSi. uwmidesi da un-
etaresi yvelgan saubrobda saqarTveloze, mis istoriaze, uZveles
samociqulo eklesiaze. am SexvedrebiT man megobruli urTierTo-
ba daamyara msoflios marTlmadidebeli avtokefaliuri eklesiebis
meTaurebTan da moiwvia isini saqarTveloSi. am Sexvedrebma da pi-
77
radma kontaqtebma gadamwyveti roli Seasrules marTlmadidebel
eklesiaTa mier saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo ekle-
siis istoriuli avtokefaliis aRiarebis saqmeSi. uwmidesi da un-
etaresi ilia II 1963-1997 wlebSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis eklesiaTa msoflio sabWoSi wevrobis pe-
riods ase afasebs: `sabWoTa izolaciis dros eklesiaTa msoflio
sabWoSi yofnam Cvens eklesias saSualeba misca, rom igi msoflios
gaecno rogorc damoukidebeli eklesia. ase rom, eklesiaTa msof-
lio sabWoSi marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis yofna erTgvarad maTi
misioneruli moRvaweobis gagrZelebasac warmoadgenda.“
uwmidesi da unetaresi germaniis federaciul respublikaSi, sa-
frangeTSi, italiaSi, SveicariaSi, niderlandebSi, amerikis SeerTebul
StatebSi, inglisSi sxvadasxva dros Sexvda protestantuli, luT-
eranuli, anglikanuri eklesiebis meTaurebs, am qveynebis politikur
moRvaweebs, mecnierebis, xelovnebis warmomadgenlebs. misma Sexve-
drebma axali stimuli misca evropaSi qarTvelologiuri mecnier-
ebis ganviTarebas. evropis qveynebis politikuri da religiuri
liderebi aRtacebas ver faravdnen: maT winaSe manamde ucnobi qris-
tianuli aRmosavleTis didi civilizaciisa da uZvelesi marTl-
madidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTauri iyo. momxiblavi gareg-
noba, daxvewili manerebi, evropuli civilizaciisa da Tanamedrove
msoflio wesrigis zogadi principebis Rrma codna maT qarTuli
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTaurisadmi udidesi pa-
tiviscemiT ganawyobda.
uwmidesi da unetaresi stumrobda aziis qveynebsac. igi Sexvda
da saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia gaacno egviptis koptTa pa-
triarqs Senuda III-s, malabariis indoelTa monofizit patriarq-ka-
Tolikoss basil marToma maTe I-s, eTiopiis monofizit patriarqs
abuna Tekle-haimanots, siriel iakobistTa patriarqs mari iakob
III-s, aRmosavleTis monofizit patriarqs maqsime V-s. uwmidesma da
unetaresma qarTuli stumarTmoyvareobiT umaspinZla saqarTveloSi
sapasuxo vizitiT Camosul sxvadasxva qveynis religiur da politi-
78
kur liderebs, mecnierebis, xelovnebis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebs.
saqarTvelos, qarTvelebis Sesaxeb sainformacio masalebs beWdavdnen
evropis, aziis, afrikis, amerikis qveynebis wamyvani gamocemebi.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II msoflioSi cnobili religiuri
lideria, mas dialogi SeuZlia ara marto aramarTlmadidebluri
qristianuli konfesiebis warmomadgenlebTan, aramed sxva aRmsare-
blobis adamianebTanac. amis dasturia kavkasiis muslimanTa lideris,
Seix alax Suqur faSa zadesa da uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is
megobruli urTierToba, romelic aisaxeba qarTveli da azerbaijan-
eli xalxebis megobrobaSi.
2001 wels iranis islamuri respublikis prezidentis muhamed
haTamis miwveviT uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II oficialuri vizitiT
imyofeboda iranSi, Sexvda prezident haTamsa da iranis islamuri
respublikis sulier liders ali hameines. patriarqma Semdegi si-
tyvebiT mimarTa maT: `me vfiqrob, rom Cveni qveynebis _ iranisa da
saqarTvelos _ religiuri liderebi da sasuliero moRvaweni, Cveni
xelisufalni da sazogadoeba mzad arian, raTa msoflios vuCvenoT
magaliTi imisa, rom religiuri gansxvavebulobisa da warsulSi da-
pirispirebis miuxedavad, Segvwevs unari urTierTpativiscemisa, unari
mSvidobiani da megobruli Tanaarsebobisa~.
miuxedavad imisa, rom patriarqi saocrad Semwynarebelia, igi
arafers ar Tmobs, rodesac saqme exeba samSoblosa da marTlma-
didebel eklesias. amis magaliTia saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis msoflio eklesiaTa sabWosTan urTierTo-
ba. rodesac am organizaciam gansxvavebul konfesiaTa sxvadasxva
sferoSi TanamSromlobis SesaZleblobaTa ganxilva gadazarda er-
Tiani msoflio eklesiis Seqmnis mcdelobaSi, erToblivi locve-
bis Catarebis SesaZleblobasa da marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis
miuRebel gadawyvetilebebSi, 1997 wlis 20 maiss, uwmidesisa da
unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis loc-
va-kurTxeviTa da wmida sinodis ganCinebiT, saqarTvelos marTl-
madidebelma samociqulo eklesiam uari Tqva ekumenur moZraobaSi
79
monawileobaze da gamovida eklesiaTa msoflio sabWodan. `saqarT-
velos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia uars ambobs ekumenur
moZraobaSi monawileobaze da gamodis eklesiaTa msoflio sabWodan
da evropis eklesiaTa konferenciidan... marTlmadideblebi ar miiRe-
ben monawileobas ekumenur msaxurebaSi, saerTo locvebsa da RvTis
TayvaniscemaSi~.
patriarqis am gadawyvetilebas imxanad sxvadasxva Sefaseba mieca,
magram drom aCvena misi marTebuloba. Aam nabijiT Cvenma eklesiam
Tavidan aicila globalizaciisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli tendenciebis
saeklesio sferoSi SeWra da daicva marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
siwminde.
Tavisi Tamami nabijebiT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samo-
ciqulo eklesia XX saukunis 70-80-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos
politikuri, sulieri da kulturuli cxovrebis centrSi aRmoCn-
da. oficialuri xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi aRiarebdnen, rom
isini veRar axerxebdnen eklesiis saqmianobis srul kontrols,
mis garkveul CarCoebSi moqcevas. 1977-1990-ian wlebSi Tbiliss
stumrobdnen msoflios marTlmadidebeli da aramarTlmadidebeli
eklesiebis meTaurebi, politikuri moRvaweebi. isini xvdebodnen uw-
midessa da unetaress, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos–patriarqs.
Tu 1923-1977-ian wlebSi TvalSi sacemi ar iyo is faqti, rom sapa-
triarqo rezidencia sul 3-4 oTaxisgan Sedgeboda, axla ukve aSkara
uxerxuloba iqmneboda. sabWoTa ideologiuri samsaxurebi kvlav
acxadebdnen, rom qveyanaSi sindisis Tavisufleba garantirebuli iyo
sabWoTa konstituciiT, rom eklesias yvelaferi hqonda, rac sWir-
deboda. magram 1977-1988-ian wlebSi patriarqs sapatriarqo rezi-
dencia ar hqonda, sionis sapatriarqo taZris garSemo usaxuri sax-
lebi iyo Camwkrivebuli. xelisuflebam erTxans grigol orbelianis
moedanze arsebuli sazRvargareTTan megobrobisa da kulturuli
urTierTobis sazogadoebis Senoba dauTmo sapatriarqos ucxoeli
sapatio stumrebis misaRebad.
jer kidev 1967 wels, cxum-afxazeTis episkoposad yofnis dros,
80
meufe iliam wmida sinodis saxeliT saqarTvelos ssr mTavrobis
Tavmjdomares mosTxova sapatriarqosaTvis daebrunebinaT 1923 wels
CamorTmeuli rezidencia. 1977 wlidan oficialuri xelisufleba
grZnobda, rom Seqmnili uxerxuli viTarebis gamosworeba mxolod
sapatriarqosaTvis rezidenciis gamoyofiT SeiZleboda. uwmidesma
da unetaresma ilia II-m 1984 wlis 2 Tebervals ganmeorebiTi
TxovniT mimarTa saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis
pirvel mdivans e. SevardnaZes da moiTxova sapatriarqosaTvis isto-
riuli Senobis dabruneba. mTavroba yoymanobda. bolos, saqarTvelos
ministrTa sabWos 1984 wlis 10 noembris dadgenilebiT, saqarTve-
los samociqulo eklesias gadaeca naxevrad avariul mdgomareobaSi
myofi sportkomitetis yofili Senoba. 1990 wels, erovnul-ganmaTa-
visuflebeli moZraobis mesveurTa kategoriuli moTxovnis Sedegad,
oficialuri xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda, aRedgina istoriuli
samarTlianoba da 1923 wels saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samo-
ciqulo eklesiisaTvis ukanonod warTmeuli sapatriarqo reziden-
cia, sadac moRvaweobdnen uwmidesi da unetaresi kaTolikos-patri-
arqni _ kirioni, leonide, ambrosi _ daubruna kanonier mflobels.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis sapatriarqos
istoriulma rezidenciam daibruna Tavisi funqcia. aq Tamamad Sei-
Zleba sapatio stumrebis, saero da sasuliero pirebis miReba da
Rirseuli maspinZloba.
81
sergo vardosaniZesergo vardosaniZe
saqarTvelos eklesia saerTaSoriso asparezzesaqarTvelos eklesia saerTaSoriso asparezze
uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebe-
li samociqulo eklesiis meTauri 1917-1918 wlebSi, gansakuTrebul
mniSvnelobas aniWebda konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqosTan
urTierTobis aRdgenas. 1811 wlis Semdeg, rodesac ruseTis impera-
torma _ aleqsandre I-ma gaauqma saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia,
konstantinepolis msoflio sapatriarqosTan gawyda mravalsaukun-
ovani kavSiri. uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II msoflio patri-
arq basili III-s werilSi mokled mouTxrobda 1811–1917 wlebis
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istorias da
acxadebda: `gulisxmavyof brZanebasa mociqulisasa Tanaxmad erTobi-
sa mas sulisasa sakvirvelisasa... siyvaruliT mogikiTxav, unetare-
so mamao, da wrfeliTa guliTa giTxra: `qriste ars Cvens Soris“.
Rvawli Cemda iqnebis dacvai doRmatTa marTlmadideblobisaTa, ro-
melTa arca gamcemel yofil ars eklesiai Cveni, gzad Cemda iqmnebis
zrunvai keTildgomisaTvis wmidaTa RmerTisa eklesiaTa da keTi-
li warmatebisaTvis erisa Cemis zRuded Cemda iqmnebis kanoni.~kon-
stantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqo, ruseTis eklesiis gavleniT,
erideboda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasTan
urTierTobas XX saukunis 20-60-ian wlebSi. erTaderTi SemTxveva
ukavSirdeba 1928 wels, rodesac msoflio sapatriarqom saqarTve-
los marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias axal stilze gadasvlis
gamo mxardaWera sTxova.
bolSevikuri mmarTvelobis xanaSi sxva marTlmadidebel avtoke-
faliur eklesiebTan piradi kontaqtebi gaZnelebuli iyo. konstan-
tinopolis sapatriarqo sabWoTa kavSiris mier mtrulad Seracxili
samxedro organizaciis, `natos“ wevri qveynis _ TurqeTis teri-
toriaze mdebareobda da oficialuri xelisufleba saqarTvelos
82
marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias msoflio sapatriarqosTan
Tavisufal urTierTobas ukrZalavda. dRes xSirad kamaToben imis
Taobaze, Tu ramdenad iyo gamarTlebuli 1962 wels sruliad saqa-
rTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesi da unetaresi efrem II-is
Tanxmoba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis ekle-
siaTa msoflio sabWoSi gawevrianebis Sesaxeb. am organizaciis egid-
iT mowyobil samSvidobo forumze saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis warmomadgenlebs miecaT saSualeba, msofli-
os marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa meTaurebisaTvis mkafiod ganemartaT
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli
avtokefaliis mniSvneloba da moeTxovaT maTgan am avtokefaliis
aRiareba. 1963 wels Semoqmedeli episkoposi ilia monawileobda
kunZul rodosze gamarTul marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa samSvido-
bo forumSi, romelzec saqarTvelos eklesia yvelaze axalgazrda
avtonomiur eklesiad gamoacxades. amas mohyva meufe ilias mwvave
reaqcia. man ganumarta damswreT, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadide-
beli eklesia aris uZvelesi samociqulo avtokefaliuri eklesia
da moiTxovs Sesabamis pativiscemas. rodosidan dabrunebulma epis-
koposma iliam vrcel moxsenebiT baraTSi uwmidessa da unetares
efrem II-s auxsna saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo ekle-
siis irgvliv Seqmnili viTareba. uwmidesma da unetaresma efrem
II-m mas daavala, emuSava saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis avtokefaliis saerTaSoriso aRiarebisaTvis, mecnierebTan
TanamSromlobiT moeZia avtokefaliis istoriuli mtkicebulebani.
daiwyo am mimarTulebiT daZabuli muSaoba. 1970 wlis 2 marts uw-
midessa da unetares efrem II-s samuSao dRiurSi Cauweria: ̀ konstan-
tinepolis msoflio patriarqi Cvens eklesiasTan ar aris keTilad
ganwyobili, cnobilma viRacam (?) yurSi borotad CauCurCula, Cvens
patriarqobas ar scnobs... Cven Cvens gzas vagrZelebT.~
msoflio sapatriarqosTan saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samo-
ciqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis aRiarebis sakiTxebze
intensiuri molaparakebebi gagrZelda uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia
83
II-is locva-kurTxeviT. 1978 wlis 1-4 ivniss, patriarqis mowveviT,
TbilisSi imyofeboda msoflio sapatriarqos delegacia, romelsac
xelmZRvanelobda qalkedonis mitropoliti melitoni. delegaci-
is SemadgenlobaSi iyvnen filadelfiis mitropoliti barTolo-
meosi (axlandeli msoflio patriarqi) da SvedeTis mitropoliti
pavle. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi gaimarTa pirveli seriozuli
molaparakeba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
avtokefaliis aRiarebis sakiTxebze. 1978 wlis 16 ivniss uwmidesma
da unetaresma, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma ilia
II-m sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi Sexvedra mouwyo qarTvel mecnierebs.
Sexvedras eswrebodnen profesorebi: m. lorTqifaniZe, n. lomouri,
o. jafariZe, p. zaqaraia, S. lomsaZe, i. sixaruliZe, g. mamulia, n. asa-
Tiani, r. siraZe, a. bogveraZe, d. gogolaZe, T. beraZe, i. lolaSvili,
b. lominaZe. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m qarTvel mecnierebs
sTxova, intensiurad emuSavaT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samo-
ciqulo eklesiis istoriaze. manve aRniSna, rom mosagvarebeli iyo
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefali-
is aRiarebis sakiTxi. saWiro iyo, myari istoriuli mtkicebule-
bebis mqone sabuTebiT daemtkicebinaT berZnuli sapatriarqoebisTvis,
rom saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauri V saukunidan kaTolikosis,
xolo XI saukunidan _ kaTolikos-patriarqis tituls atarebda.
mecnierebma aRuTqves saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs, rom yve-
lafers gaakeTebdnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesiis interesebis dasacavad. marTlac, umokles droSi Seiqmna
n. lomouris, b. lominaZis, d. gogolaZis, a. bendianiSvilis naSrome-
bi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriis
calkeul sakiTxebze.
1979 wlis 2-8 maiss uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqa-
rTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II Tanmxleb pirebTan erTad
stambolSi imyofeboda konstantinopolis msoflio patriarqis _
uwmidesi dimitriosis miwveviT. `TiTqmis rvaasi welia, rac kon-
stantinopolSi ar yofila saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, –
84
ganacxada misma uwmidesobam, _ bednieri var, rom wilad mxvda da
RvTis locva-kurTxeviT Camovedi am qalaqSi, romelic saukuneTa
ganmavlobaSi iyo centri eklesiuri, kulturuli da samecniero
cxovrebisa da moRvaweobisa. Cveni eklesia mudam grZnobda, Tu ra
didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda da eniWeba msoflio sapatriarqos, is
mudam unda yofiliyo im Zalad, romelic daakavSirebda avtokefali-
ur eklesiebs.~ . saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi Sexvda msoflio
sapatriarqos mmarTvel mRvdelmTavrebs, gaimarTa azrTa gaziareba
marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa urTierTobis sakiTxebze. uwmidesma da
unetaresma ilia II-m Sexvedraze ganacxada: `rodesac werils an mi-
locvas gvigzavnis konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqo, sworad
ar aris moxsenebuli sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,
ise rogorc wodebulia V saukunidan... saeklesio forumebsa da
konferenciebze saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia
kanonierad unda ikavebdes Tavis adgils... roca xdeba kuTvnili
VI adgilis darRveva, es gavlenas axdens saqarTvelos samociqulo
eklesiaze da mis avtoritetze mTel msoflioSi... Cven gvsurs, rom
es sakiTxi erTxel da samudamod mowesrigdes... ar viTxov axali
ramis mocemas an damtkicebas, Cven gvinda aRvadginoT winandeli Cveni
mdgomareoba, romelic, samwuxarod, 1811 wels davkargeT.“
konstantinopolis sapatriarqos saxeliT gamosulma qalke-
donis mitropolitma melitonma aRuTqva saqarTvelos marTlma-
didebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTaurs, rom es sakiTxebi dadeb-
iTad gadaiWreboda dasabuTebuli istoriuli masalebis gacnobis
safuZvelze.
daZabuli molaparakebebi 11 weli gagrZelda. saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia avtokefaliisa da diptixis
sakiTxebSi araviTar kompromisze ar midioda. 1982 wlis 3 ivliss
msoflio patriarq dimitriosisadmi gagzavnil werilSi, romelsac
xels awerdnen uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II da saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis 13 mRvdelm-
Tavari, naTqvami iyo: `Tu konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqo
85
sadavod miiCnevs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo ekle-
siis adgils diptixSi, im SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos
gauWirdeba monawileoba miiRos msoflio sapatriarqos mier mowyo-
bil RonisZiebebSi~.
saqarTvelos sapatriarqom gaaprotesta is faqti, rom 1981
wels saberZneTisa da kviprosis eklesiebis mier Sedgenil kal-
endarSi saqarTvelos eklesia ar iyo moxseniebuli istoriulad
mis kuTvnil me-6 adgilze. mis uwmidesobas moubodiSes, rom iZule-
bulni iyvnen daecvaT msoflio sapatriarqos mier avtokefaliuri
eklesiebisaTvis gankuTvnili rigi. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia
II-m, qarTvel mecnierebTan konsultaciis Semdeg, msoflios marTl-
madidebeli eklesiebis meTaurebs daugzavna dasabuTebuli, istori-
uli dokumentebiT gajerebuli werilebi, romlebic saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriul avtokefalia-
sa da diptixSi marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris misi kuTvnili
me-6 adgilis kanonierebas amtkicebda. patriarqma ilia II-m moZme
eklesiebisgan werilobiTi mxardaWera moiTxova. misi uwmidesobis
moTxovnas dadebiTad gamoexmaurnen moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis
patriarqi uwmidesi pimeni (1982 w. 29. IX), praRisa da Cexoslo-
vakiis mitropoliti doroTeosi (1982 w. 16.VII), bulgareTis pa-
triarqi maqsime (1982 w. 16.V), aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis
papi da patriarqi uwmidesi nikoloz VI (1982 w. 1.IX). mravalmxriv
sagulisxmo iyo ierusalimis patriarqis diodorosis pasuxi: ̀ Zmuri
siyvaruliT miviReT CvenTvis Zalze sayvareli Tqveni uwmidesobisa
da unetaresobis werili, romelmac mogvagona da ukan mogvaxeda
eklesiuri faqtebisaken, gviCvena uZvelesi droidanve dadgenilad
sruliad marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris saqarTvelos eklesi-
is istoriuli avtokefalia... dabejiTebiT mogaxsenebT, rom adgi-
lobriv marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa erTsulovnebiT saqarTvelos
mowamebrivma, magram, amave dros, didebulma sapatriarqom unda miiRos
Tavisi Sesabamisi adgili konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqos
diptixSi.“uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is werils dauyovneb-
86
liv upasuxa msoflio patriarqmac: `miviRe da Sesaferisi yuradRe-
biT gavecaniT Cveni wmida sinodis krebaze CvenTvis Zalze sayvareli
da sasurveli Tqveni unetaresobis da wmida sinodis Zmur werils,
romelic Seexeba wmida diptixSi Tqveni eklesiis adgils istori-
uli da kanonieri monacemebiT. gacnobebT, rom igi gansaxilvelad
gadaegzavna sinodis sabWos.“
1988 wlis agvistoSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-
arqis, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is mowveviT, TbilisSi Camo-
brZanda konstantinopolis msoflio patriarqi uwmidesi dimitriosi,
romelmac moiloca qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi, xelovnebis muzeumSi
daaTvaliera qarTuli saeklesio siwmindeni. msoflio patriarqi gaa-
oca eklesia-monastrebSi mrevlis, ZiriTadad axalgazrdobis, simrav-
lem. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi wmida sinodis wevrebTan da qarTvel
mecnierebTan gaimarTa msjeloba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samo-
ciqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis cnobisa da marTlma-
didebel eklesiaTa diptixSi VI adgilis dakavebis Sesaxeb. gadawyda,
aRniSnul sakiTxebze gagrZelebuliyo molaparakebebi.
1988-1989 wlebSi saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis isto-
riuli avtokefaliis aRiarebis sakiTxebze molaparakebebs awar-
moebdnen mitropolitebi: qrizosTomosi da damaskinosi. uwmidesi
da unetaresi ilia II gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda yvela
sityvas, romelic aRiarebis teqstSi unda Sesuliyo. molaparakebebi
iyo rTuli, magram konstruqciuli. 1990 wlis 7 ianvars (Zv. st. 25
dekembers), sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi wirvis damTavrebis Semdeg
mitropolitma qrizosTomosma oficialurad gamoacxada msoflio
sapatriarqos gadawyvetileba saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis
istoriuli avtokefaliisa da misi meTauris sapatriarqo titulis
aRiarebis Sesaxeb.
1990 wlis 4 marts saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqu-
lo eklesiis meTaurma, uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m konstan-
tinopolSi msoflio patriarq dimitriosis xelmoweriT miiRo ori
sigeli:
87
`1. saqarTvelos uwmidesi marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtoke-
faliis cnobisa da mtkicebis sigeli“, romlis Tanaxmadac msoflio
sapatriarqom miiRo gadawyvetileba `cnos da daamtkicos saqarTve-
los wmida eklesiis avtokefalia da damoukidebeli struqtura“.
2. konstantinopolis mTavarepiskoposis, axlisa romisa da msof-
lio patriarqis _ dimitriosis _ ganCinebiT, saqarTvelos uwmidesi
eklesia pativdebuli iqna sapatriarqo RirsebiTa da adgiliT, ro-
gorc adridanve ixsenieboda uZveles qronikebsa da sxva saeklesio
wyaroebSi. patriarqis titulia: `mTavarepiskoposi mcxeTa-Tbilisi-
sa da kaTolikos-patriarqi sruliad saqarTveloisa.“
misma uwmidesobam guliTadi madloba moaxsena msoflio sapa-
triarqos istoriuli samarTlianobis aRdgenisaTvis da gamoTqva
rwmena, rom diptixis sakiTxic aseve samarTlianad gadawydeboda.
saqarTvelo mouTmenlad eloda misi uwmidesobis samSobloSi dab-
runebas. erTi weli sruldeboda 1989 wlis 9 aprilis tragediis
sisxliani dReebidan, erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba mkafiod
ayenebda saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis
sakiTxs. rogorc 1917 wlis 12 (25) marts saqarTvelos samociqu-
lo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena win uswrebda saxelmwifoebrivi
damoukideblobis gamocxadebas, ise moxda 73 wlis Semdegac. saqarT-
velos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtoke-
faliis cnobis sigelebiT xeldamSvenebuli sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi dabrunda samSobloSi. Tbilisis aeroportidan
sapatriarqo rezidenciamde bednierebisagan acremlebuli, erT muStad
Sekruli qarTveloba acilebda Tavis Rirseul sulier winamZRols.
28 marts sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi warmoTqmul sityvaSi uwmidesma
da unetaresma ilia II-m miuloca qarTvel ers istoriuli dRe da
aRniSna: `amjerad xelT gvaqvs is sabuTebi, romelTac saqarTvelo 1500
wlis manZilze eloda... isini imdenad didi mniSvnelobis sabuTebia, rom
verasdros, RvTis wyalobiT da RvTis locva-kurTxeviT, veravin veRar
Seaxebs xels saqarTvelos eklesias.“sxva rom araferi gaekeTebina mis
uwmidesobas, marto es eyofoda istoriaSi Sesasvlelad.
88
sergo vardosaniZesergo vardosaniZe
mRvdelmTavrobis 50, patriarqobis 35mRvdelmTavrobis 50, patriarqobis 35
da dabadebis 80 wlisTavis aRniSvnada dabadebis 80 wlisTavis aRniSvna
2012-2013 wlebi saqarTveloSi misi uwmidesobis siubileo
wlebia. 2013 wlis 25 dekembers 35 weli Sesrulda uwmidesi da
unetaresi ilia II-is sapatriarqo taxtze aRsaydrebidan. svet-
icxovlix sapatriarqo taZarSi Sesrulda sazeimo wirva, romel-
sac eswrebodnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida
sinodis wevrebi, sazogadoebriobis warmomadgenlebi, romelTac
uwmidessa da unetaress ilia II-s miuloces saiubileo TariRi
da usurves janmrTeloba da mravalJamier sicocxle. manamde,
14 dekembers TbilisSi `qorTiard meriotSi~ gaimarTa II saer-
TaSoriso konferencia `Semobruneba sulierebisaken~, romelic
uwmidesisa da unetaresis, ilia II-is epoqas mieZRvna. 3 ianvars
uwmidesisa da unetaresis, ilia II-isaTvis saiubileo TariRebis
misalocad TbilisSi CamobrZanda amierkavkasiis muslimTa sam-
marTvelos Tavmjdomare, misi aRmatebuleba Seix ul islam alah
Suqur faSazade, romelmac guliTadad miuloca uwmidessa da
unetaress iubile da gadasca amierkavkasiis muslimTa sammarT-
velos mTavari jildo `Seix ul islamis saxelobis briliantis
ordeni~ _ religiebsa da erebs Soris megobruli urTierTobebis
ganmtkicebis saqmeSi Setanili wvlilisaTvis~. saiubileo dRee-
bis daskvniTi RonisZiebebi gaimarTa 2013 wlis 9-14 ianvars. am
dReebSi Tbiliss estumrnen msoflios adgilobrivi eklesiebis
delegatebi: konstantinopolisa da axali romis mTavarepiskoposi
da msoflio patriarqi yovlad uwmidesi barTolomeosi, sruliad
serbeTis patriarqi, peCis mTavarepiskoposi da belgrad-karlo-
vacis mitropoliti uwmidesi irineosi, bulgareTis patriarqis
mosaydre, varnisa da veliki preslavis mitropoliti kirile, mTa-
89
varepiskoposi praRisa, mitropoliti sruliad CexeTisa da slo-
vakiisa unetaresi qristefore, ruseTis sapatriarqos sagareo
ganyofilebis Tavmjdomare mitropoliti ilarioni; delegaciebi
aleqsandriis, antioqiis, saberZneTis, kvi prosis, albaneTis, polo-
neTis eklesiebidan. 11 ianvars saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmi-
da andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTul universitetSi
gaimarTa uwmidesisa da unetaresis, ilia II-is aRsaydrebis 35
da dabadebis 80 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili saerTaSoriso kon-
ferencia, sadac sityvebi warmoTqves universitetis reqtorma
profesorma sergo vardosaniZem, saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavm-
jdomarem daviT usufaSvilma. uwmidessa da unetaress sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs ilia II-s miesalmnen yovlad
uwmidesi konstantinopolis da axali romis mTavarepiskoposi da
msoflio patriarqi, yovladuwmidesi barTolomeosi (arxondoni-
si), sruliad serbeTis patriarqi, peCis mTavarepiskoposi da bel-
grad-karlovacis mitropoliti, uwmidesi irineosi (gavriloviki),
bulgareTis patriarqis mosaydre, varnisa da veliki preslavis
mitropoliti kirile (kovaCevi), mTavarepiskoposi praRisa, mit-
ropoliti sruliad CexeTisa da slovakiisa, unetaresi qriste-
fore (puleci). sxdomaze ruseTis prezidentis baton vladimer
putinis milocvis teqsti waikiTxa batonma mixeil Svidkoim.
milocvis teqstSi naTqvami iyo _ `uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia
II Tavisi eris udidesi winamZRolia, romelic saqarTvelos uax-
lesi istoriis yvelaze rTul periodebSi Tavisi brZnuli si-
tyviT mudam axerxebda mSvidobis damyarebas~. uwmidessa da un-
etaress ilia II-s saiubileo TariRebi miuloces saqarTvelos
prezidentma da premier-ministrma. 13 ianvars TbilisSi samebis
sakaTedro taZarSi gaimarTa sazeimo wirva, romelsac mraval-
ricxovan mrevlTan, mTavrobisa da parlamentis wevrebTan erTad
daeswrnen adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli eklesiis delegaciebi.
premier-ministrma batonma biZina ivaniSvilma samebis sakaTedro
taZarSi gamosvlisas brZana:
90
`Cemo sayvarelo xalxo!
Cven dRes gulwrfelad vzeimobT Cveni usayvarlesi patriarqis,
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is dabadebidan me-80 da aRsay-
drebidan 35-e wlisTavs. uwmidesma da unetaresma udidesi roli
Seasrula saqarTvelos istoriaSi. im Jams, rodesac qristianul sam-
yaroSi da gansakuTrebiT saqarTveloSi aTeisturi da qristianobis
winaaRmdeg mimarTuli Zalebi mZlavrobdnen, misma uwmidesobam qarT-
vel ers gza rom ar dahbneoda, swori gezi misca. uaxloes wlebsac
Tu gavixsenebT, rodesac gaurkveveli Zalebi kvlav mZlavrobdnen
Cvens qveyanaSi da utevdnen Cvens tradiciebs, Cvenma patriarqma
brZnulad mouwoda ers, erovnuli tradiciebis gafrTxilebisa da
SenarCunebisken. qristianuli sarwmunoeba Cveni kulturis udidesi
nawilia, CvenTvis qristianoba ar aris mxolod aRmsarebloba.
Cven bednieri eri varT, rom aseTi sulieri mama gvyavs misi uw-
midesobis, Cveni sayvareli patriarqis, ilia II-is saxiT. vulocavT
mas am saiubileo TariRebs da vusurvebT mtkice janmrTelobasa da
didxans sicocxles Cveni eris sakeTildReod!
minda madloba gadavuxado mis yovladuwmidesobas, msoflio pa-
triarqs, romelmac pativi dagvdo da Cvens patriarqs saiubileo
TariRebi miuloca. dRes Cveni patriarqis iubiles zeimobs mTeli
qarTveli eri, zeimobs mTeli msoflios marTlmadidebeli qris-
tianoba! dRes yvela marTlmadidebeli eklesiis warmomadgeneli
ulocavs Cvens sayvarel patriarqs dabadebidan 80 da aRsaydrebidan
35-e wlisTavs.
minda yvela stumars didi madloba movaxseno imisaTvis, rom
aseTi pativi dasdes Cvens qveyanas da ase daafases Cveni sayvareli
patriarqi.
kidev erTxel gilocavT, Tqveno uwmidesobav da unetaresobav,
dabadebidan 80 da aRsaydrebidan 35 wlisTavs! gilocavT yvelas,
vulocav mTel saqarTvelos!
uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, idRegrZeleT, ixareT, ibedniereT!
mravalJamier!~.
91
wirvis dasasruls uwmidessa da unetaress ilia II-s mimarTa:
konstantinopolis da axali romis mTavarepiskoposma da msoflio
patriarqma, yovladuwmidesma barTolomeosma (arxondonisi), romel-
mac aRniSna: `eklesiisadmi Sewiruli Tqveni moRvaweobis nayofs...
momavali Taobebi oqros asoebiT Caweren sisxliT morwyuli saqa-
rTvelos istoriis furclebze, iseve, rogorc oqros asoebiT aris
Cawerili Tqveni saxeli Cvens gulebSi.~
Tqveno uwmidesobav, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-
arqo da mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposo, biWvinTisa da cxum-afx-
azeTis mitropolito, meufe ilia,
marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis saWeTmpyrobelno,
maRalyovladusamRvdeloeso da yovladusamRvdeloeso meufeno,
xelisuflebis warmomadgenelno,
mamano, Zmano da dano, suliero Svilebo!
dideba mamasa da Zesa da wmidasa sulsa dRes aRvlenili saRmr-
To liturgiisTvis da ziarebisTvis patiosanTa sisxlTa da xorcTa
uflisa Cvenisa ieso qristesi yovladwmida samebis am taZarSi! `es
aris madly, sulis macxovnebeli, romelic dagvicavs RvTis samar-
Tlian samsjavroze~ _ ambobda wm. mama Teodore studieli. yovel
wirvaze vmonawileobT wminda ziarebis saidumloSi; igi gvaerTebs
Cvens jvarcmul da aRdgomil ufalTan ieso qristesTan, romelic
gankacda da jvars ecva CvenTvis, Cvenisa cxonebisaTvis!
Zmano da suliero Svilno, aq Camosvlisas araviTari sxva mizani
ar gvamoZravebda, garda erTi survilisa, rom dRes TqvenTan erTad
vyofiliyaviT da gagveziarebina saqarTvelos eklesiis sixaruli,
rom gagveziarebina piradad Tqveni sulieri zeimi, Tqveno uwmindeso-
bav da unetaresobav, sayvarelo qristesmiero Zmao, saqarTvelos pa-
triarqo, meufe ilia! gvsurda, TqvenTan erTad gvezeima saqarTvelos
eklesiis sapatriarqo taxtze Tqveni aRsaydrebis 35 wlisTavi, ro-
melsac Tqveni dabadebis 80 wlisTavic daemTxva. es sixaruli aseve
msoflio marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sixaruli da dResaswaulicaa,
radgan `Tu evnebian erTsa asosa, mis Tana elmin yovelTa asoTa da
92
Tu ididebin erTi asoi, mis Tana ixarebden yovelni asoni!~
CamovediT, raTa TqvenTan erTad pativi mivagoT saqarTvelosTvis,
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisTvis, qarTveli samRvdeloe-
bisa da erisTvis am mniSvnelovan da istoriul movlenas. da dRes,
yvelani erTad _ sasuliero pirebi, politikosebi, ubralo morwmune
eri, vufasebT meufe ilias im did Rvawls, romelic Tavisi marTali
gonebiTa da marTali sityvis ZaliT moimuSaka. am Zalas igi iRebs
Cveni saTnomyofeli RvTisgan, uflisa Cvenisa ieso qristesgan, Ta-
visi patiosani msaxurebiT RvTisa da eris winaSe. patriarqi ilia
iRvwis msgavsad im wmindanebisa, romlebic Znel da avbediT wlebSi
Tavisi TavdadebiT marTlmadidebeli eklesiisTvis misabaZ magaliT-
ad iqcnen, radgan qristes erTgulebi darCnen da Seiqnen WeSmari-
ti aRmsarebelni marTlisa sarwmunoebisa, romlebic dReniadag Tavs
gansacdelSi igdebdnen da mTel Tavis Zalisxmevasa da sicocxles
ufals swiravdnen.
uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, Tqven, vinc moTminebasa da
gonierebas uflisagan iRebT, SeZeliT naTlad dagenaxaT rwmenas
mowyvetili adamianebis sisuste da viTarca ieso qristes WeSmarit-
ma mowafem, uflis sityvis qadageba daiwyeT.
uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, Tqven aRasruleT sityvebi wmin-
da werilisa: `amiT gcnan yovelTa, rom Cemni mowafeni xarT, ukueTu
iyuarebodiT urTierTars~. siyvarulis magaliTs aCvenebT, siyvaruls
hqadagebT da siyvaruliT cxovrobT, locvebs aRavlenT da sibrZnes
RvTisas mouxmobT, romelic swored sibrZnesa da siyvaruls uqa-
dagebs eklesiasa da morwmune ers. SiSiTa RvTisaiTa Semosilma
kargad iciT, rom ufali, Sobili uwinares yovlisa Jamisa, aris
mcodne adamianuri logikisa da mizezi yovlisa sikeTisa. miuxedavad
adamianuri sisustisa da warmavlobisa, yovelive rac Tqven akeTeT,
_ akeTeT rwmeniT, imediTa da moTminebiT. amitom Rrmadpativcemulo
uwmindeso da unetareso patriarqo da qristesmiero Zmao, ilia,
gvagondeba poet konstantinos kavasisis leqsi: `moRalate bolos
gamoCndeba, sabolood midielebi (mtrebi) ukuiqcevian.~
93
dRes Tqvens mfarvel wmindanTan erTad getyviT: `cocxalia
RmerTi, ufali ZalTai~, RmerTi israelisa da saqarTveloisa, wmi-
danTawmida! xolo sadac RmerTia, iq sasufevelia da yoveli iSvebs
da xarobs. da visac RmerTi swams da adamians RvTis siyvaruliT
emsaxureba, moyvass usamarTlod arasodes moeqceva, mas suli mamaci
da RvTis moyvare aqvs!
uwmindeso da unetareso meufeo ilia, Tqven morwmune da su-
lieri adamiani xarT; da RvTis samsaxuri, romelic Tqvens eklesiasa
da xalxs gauwieT, sakuTari Tavis msxverplad Sewirvis tolfasia!
Tqveni Rvawli Sorsaa im didebisa da pativisagan, rasac patriarqis
tituli moicavs; Tqven SemoifargleT mxolod locviT, marxviT,
eklesiis aRorZinebiT, erSi imedis gaRvivebiT, xatweris aRorZinebiT,
saRmrTo saidumloTa aRsrulebiT, wminda ZRvnis SewirviTa da Tqve-
ni mravaltanjuli eris nugeSiscemiTa da tkivilis daamebiT! Tqveni
patriarqobis Jams gamravlda Tqveni sulieri Svilebis ricxvic da
xarisxic, rac Zalian gvaxarebs. kidev ufro metad vxarobT, rode-
sac vxedavT, rom Tqveni SviliSvilebi mogarTmeven Tqvenive keTili
Sromis nayofs, romelsac Tqven kvlav qristes swiravT!
eklesiisadmi Sewiruli Tqveni moRvaweobis nayofi xiluli da
naTelia. mas momavali Taobebi oqros asoebiT Caweren sisxliT
morwyuli saqarTvelos istoriis furclebze, iseve rogorc oqros
asoebiT aris Cawerili Tqveni saxeli Cvens gulebSi.
madlobas mogaxsenebT, uwmideso da unetareso meufeo im Ses-
aniSnavi da uricxvi RonisZiebebisTvis, romlebsac Cveni saqa-
rTveloSi Camosvlisas mudam awyobT. gmadlobT im Tbili da
siyvaruliT savse sityvebisaTvis, romlebsac Cveni misamarTiT
gamoTqvamT xolme da rac Cveni pirvelsaydris, konstantinopolis
eklesiis mimarT Tqveni keTilganwyobis ueWveli dasturia. Cvens
or eklesias Soris mudam keTili urTierTdamokidebuleba arse-
bobda da igi dResac grZeldeba. orive eklesia amas TvalisCini-
viTufrTxildeba. amasTan, Cvens or sapatriarqos aerTianebs wmida
mociquli andria pirvelwodebuli, romelmac qristianoba iqadaga
94
ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed mis sazRvrebs gareTac, kavkasiis
ufro vrcel regionSi. Cveni ori eklesia aseve dafuZnebulia im
mtkice da Seumusvrel kldeze, romelic aris ufali Cveni ieso
qriste. am erTobis uryevi dadastureba iyo Cveni winamorbedi
patriarqis, dimitriosis mier saqarTvelos eklesiis uZvelesi
avtokefaliisa da misi saWeTmpyroblis sapatriarqo titulis
aRiareba. es imisTvis moxda, rom saqarTvelos amJamindelma da mo-
mavalma patriarqebma axali SemarTebiT da ganaxlebuli energiiT
iRvawon marTlmadideblobis gansamtkiceblad qveyanasa zeda!
uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, RvTis mowodeba ucvlelia
saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi. amitomaa, rom rwmenis Sesustebisa Tu
meryeobis wuTebSi, gansacdelisa da Znelbedobis Jams Tqven erTi
wamiTac ar gadagixveviaT am mowodebisgan da mTeli am 35 wlis
ganmavlobaSi medgrad icavdiT uflis sityvas!
Cven movaleni varT, rom morwmune ers mivceT mowmoba rwmenisa
da Tavdadebisa, risi magaliTic Tqven gviCveneT, uwmideso da une-
tareso Zmao!
Tumca jvari uflisa, romelsac Tqven am 35 wlis ganmavlobaSi
tvirTulobT, aRmoCnda tkbili, saamo, sulis ganmwmendeli da si-
cocxlis momniWebeli! maS, ganvagrZoT sakuTari jvrebis tvirTva
iseTive SemarTebiT, rogorc es Cvenma didma winaprebma _ konstan-
tinopolisa da saqarTvelos eklesiebis wmindanebma SeZles sauku-
neebis ganmavlobaSi. gezis mimcemi ki unda iyos Cvenive eklesiaSi
dafuZnebuli tradiciebi, uricxvi wmindanebisa da mowameebis dasi _
saqarTvelos ganmanaTlebeli wmida mociqulTaswori nino, wmida da-
viT garejeli, wmida didmowame qeTevani da sxva uTvalavi wmindanebi,
Rirsni mamani da dedani, romlebmac Tavisi locviTa da sisxliT
sikvdili dasTrgunes da maradiulobaSi gadavidnen.
uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, rac axla mogaxseneT, es yove-
live Tqvenma saiubileo TariRebma gagvaxsena; es sityvebi STagvag-
onaTqvenma xangrZlivma da energiulma saeklesio, samwyemsmTavro,
sazogadoebrivma moRvaweobam aseve Tqvenma swrafvam marTlmadide-
95
belTa Soris mSvidobianobisa da erTianobisken!
Tqveno unetaresobav, Tqveni naRvawi imis dasturia, rom RmerTi
mudam TqvenTan aris. xolo Tuki Cven Soris siyvaruli da RmerTia,
araferma ar unda SegvaSinos. Zala gveZleva, raTa davsZlioT yove-
live, Tundac is Cveni sulisa da xorcisTvis mtkivneuli iyos. Tqven
aRmoCndiT mamaci mebrZoli yvela am sferoSi.
vaqebT, vadidebT da vmadlobT ufals yvela im wyalobisaTvis,
rac Tqven giboZaT da vevedrebiT am wminda JamiswirviT, rom janmr-
Teloba da dRegrZeloba mianiWos Tqvens unetaresobas, raTa ganagr-
ZoT Tqveni keTili da didi saqme, amin.
mogarTmevT mcire ZRvens. es aris sanawile xati da sacecxluri.
sruliad serbeTis patriarqma, peCis mTavarepiskoposma da bel-
grad-karlovacis mitropolitma, uwmidesma irineosma (gavriloviki)
am sityvebiT mimarTa uwmidessa da unetaress ilia II-s: `uwmide-
so da unetareso meufeo, mogesalmebiT serbeTis marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis, piradad Cemi, Cveni wminda sinodisa da Cveni adgilobrivi
eklesiis mTeli sisavsis saxeliT! gisurvebT RvTis kurTxevas Tqve-
ni saiubileo TariRebis _ sapatriarqo taxtze msaxurebis 35 wl-
isa da dabadebidan 80 wlis zeimTan dakavSirebiT.
uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, Tqveni dabadebis droidan dRe-
vandel dRemde udidesi istoriuli movlenebi ganviTarda, raSic
Tqven qmediTi monawileoba miiReT. am cvlilebebSi Tqven monawile-
obdiT ara marto Tqveni qveynis, aramed mTeli msoflios masStabiT.
marTlac, mravali ram moxda am periodSi. es yovelive RvTis daSve-
biT iyo. Tqven, rogorc eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeli, rogorc qristes
eklesiis didi moZRvari, saxarebiseuli sibrZniT pasuxobdiT yvela
am gamowvevas da sakuTar movaleobad miiCnieT es saqme ara marto
saqarTvelos eklesiis, aramed msoflio marTlmadideblobis winaSe.
Tqvens samRvdelmTavro, sawinamZRvro msaxurebaSi Tan gdevdaT
xeli RvTisa da SegeweodaT saqarTvelos eklesiis mRvdelm-
Tavrebis, samRvdeloebisa da keTilmorwmune qarTveli xalxis
mxurvale locva.
96
komunisturi sistemis damcrobis Jams da momdevno wlebSi Tqven
didi sibrZniT, morCilebiT, simdabliTa da sikeTiT ganageT yovelive
da SeZeliT keTilad gemsaxuraT da RvTis saqme gekeTebinaT.
qristianuli da demokratiuli faseulobebis matarebeli axali
xelisufleba saqarTveloSi, romelmac qveynis mmarTvelobis saWe
aiRo, dRes Tqveni daxmarebiT marTavs saxelmwifos. vxedavT, rom es
aris saeklesio dasaero xelisuflebis sruli da namdvili urT-
ierTTanxmoba.
wina wlebSi qveynisTvis udidesi tragedia iyo, rodesac eklesia
da xalxis umravlesoba erTi gziT midioda, xolo saero xelisu-
fleba _ sul sxva gzas adga. es iyo namdvili jvarcma qristes
eklesiisa, eklesiuri cxovrebisa! magram am dros Tqven SeZeliT, gad-
agelaxaT yvela dabrkoleba da Tqveni SromiTa da TavdadebiT war-
moaCineT saxelmwifo xelisuflebis winaSe eklesiis mniSvneloba.
dRes metad gvaxarebs, roca vxedavT, rom saqarTvelos saero
xelisuflebis yvela warmomadgeneli TqvenTan erTadaa, saxelmwifo
gverdiT gidgaT da mxars giWerT saxarebiseul moRvaweobaSi!
aRvavlenT locvebs Tqveni gaZlierebisa da sulieri Zalebis Se-
matebisTvis, raTa ganagrZoT Tqveni RvTivkurTxeuli moRvaweoba! dae,
am saxelmwifos yvela mmarTvelTan erTad brZnulad gecxovroT da
migeRwioT Tqveni moqalaqeebisTvis Rirseuli cxovrebis pirobebis
SeqmnisTvis.
Tqven ki, uwmindeso da unetareso meufeo, gisurvebT janmrT-
elobasa da keTildReobas, raTa ganagrZoT wminda saxarebiseuli
moRvaweoba Tqvens keTilmorwmune xalxSi.
kidev erTxel gilocavT da mTeli guliT vxmobT: ispolla eti despota, uwmideso da unetareso meufeo!
minda Cvengan saxsovrad mogarTvaT kverTxi, romelic aris simbo-
lo samRvdelmTavro Zalauflebisa, raTa Cvenc mogvixsenioT Tqvens
wminda locvebSi.~
bulgareTis sapatriarqo taxtis mosaydrem, varnisa da veliko-
preslavis mitropolitma kirilem (kovaCevi) aRniSna: `uwmideso da
97
unetareso meufeo, guliTadad gilocavT Tqven da, TqvenTan erTad,
yvela adgilobrivi eklesiis warmomadgenels qristes Sobis naTliT
Semosil dResaswauls! erTad vixaroT beTlemis varskvlavis akiafe-
biT, romelmac warmarTa Cveni gza saqarTvelosken, am mSvenieri da
RvTivkurTxeuli qveynisken. dauRalavad da savse guliT madloba
SevwiroT ufals, romelmac ise Segviyvara, rom `warmogvigzavna Ze
Tvisi mxolodSobili, raTa, yoveli, romeli mas esavs, ara mokvdes,
aramed hqondes cxovreba saukuno~.
qristes Sobis dResaswauliT gaxarebuli, am saiubileo
zeimze, aRvasruleb metad sasiamovno davalebas, romelic bulgar-
eTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wminda sinodis gadawyvetilebiT
damekisra, raTa sxva adgilobriv eklesiebTan erTad, saqarTvelos
moZme eklesiaSi monawileoba miviRoT Tqveni aRsaydrebidan 35 da
dabadebidan 80 wlis saiubileo TariRebis aRniSvnaSi, rac WeSmar-
itad istoriuli movlenaa da yoveli CvenganisTvis udidesi pativia.
uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, Tqveni aRsaydreba saqarTve-
los uZveles istoriul sapatriarqo taxtze, romelic suliwmindis
gangebiT 35 wlis winaT moxda, iyo ara marto istoriuli memkvidre-
obis gagrZeleba, aramed uZvelesi qarTuli sulierebis, samociqulo
moRvaweobisa da saxalxo patriotuli msaxurebis aRorZineba, ramac
saqarTvelos eklesia arnaxul simaRlemde aRiyvana!
Tqveni SemoqmedebiTi aqtiuroba am rTul geografiul region-
Si da Tqveni moRvaweoba mistikuri marTlmadidebeli sulierebis
aRorZinebis saqmeSi, mociqulebriv naTels hfens qveyanas da saqa-
rTvelos sazogadoebas mZlavr Suqurad evlineba. es miT ufro
TvalsaCinoa im umZimesi uRmrTo istoriuli stalinisturi re-
Jimis Semdeg, romelic bolSevikebis beladis mSobliur qveyanaSic
ki mZvinvarebda.
uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, RvTisadmi madlierebiT msurs
davamowmo Cemi ukiduresad wrfeli grZnobebi Tqvendami da Tqveni
saWeTmpyrobluri moRvaweobis mimarT udidesi pativiscema, Tay-
vaniscema.
98
uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, vsargeblob SemTxveviT da kidev
erTxel gicxadebT Cvens Rrma pativiscemasa da madlierebas bul-
gareTis eklesiis samRvdeloebisa da Cveni samwysos saxeliT da
garwmunebT Cvens ucvlel da mtkice siyvarulSi! Zmuri siyvaruliT
varT aRvsilni sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisa da
SesaniSnavi qarTveli xalxis mimarT!
STagonebulni qristianuli siyvaruliT, dedaeklesiis panmarTl-
madidebluri erTobiTa da Cveni marTlmadidebeli qveynebis saerTo
keTilmorwmune miswrafebebiT, angelozTa dasTan erTad vRaRadebT:
`dideba maRalTa Sina RmerTsa, qveyanasa zeda mSvidoba da kacTa
Soris saTnoeba!~
viTxov Tqvens wminda locvebs da vrCebi marad TqvenTvis
mlocvel qristesmier Zmad.
am udides zeimze miiReT saxsovrad Cvengan Cveni wminda winamZ-
Rolis, tirnoveli patriarq efimes xati da iloceT CvenTvis iseve,
rogorc Cven vilocebT TqvenTvis.
mravalJamier, uwmideso da unetareso meufeo!~
moskovis sapatriarqos sagareo saqmeTa ganyofilebis Tavmj-
domarem, volokolamis mitropolitma ilarionma (alfeevi) Tavis
gamosvlaSi aRniSna: ̀ Tqveno uwmidesobav da unetaresobav, neba miboZ-
eT, wagikiTxoT moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqis, uwmidesi
kiriles molocva:
`Tqveno uwmidesobav da unetaresobav, qristesmier sayvare-
lo Zmao da Tanamsaxuro. gulwrfeli sixaruliT mogilocavT
RirsSesaniSnav TariRebs _ dabadebidan me-80 da sapatriarqo tax-
tze aRsaydrebidan 35-e wlisTavs.
Tqveni cxovreba siyrmidanve eklesias eZRvneboda da misi mraval-
wliani uwyveti msaxurebiTaa aRbeWdili. Tqveni cxovrebis gzis
arCevani da misi erTguli msaxureba sawindaria Tqveni umdidresi
sulieri gamocdilebisa da samRvdelmTavro sibrZnisa.
Tqven RvTisgan boZebuli gaqvT sulieri niWi, romelic miwier
cxovrebaSive gamoavlineT rogorc qristes WeSmaritma msaxurma.
99
swored es niWia is fasdaudebeli saunje, romelsac Tqven, saqarTve-
los eklesiis winamZRoli, dauRalavad unawilebT Tqvens samwysosa
mTel marTlmadidebel samyaros, saxarebis sityvebiT: `ara aRanTian
sanTeli da dadgian igi qveSe xvimirsa, aramed sasanTlesa zeda, raiTa
hnaTobdes yovelTa, romelni arian saxlsa Sina.~
ganvlili wlebis ganmavlobaSi Tqven brZandebodiT didi isto-
riuli Zvrebis mowme. Tqveni sapatriarqo msaxureba gansakuTrebuli
epoqaa ara mxolod saqarTvelos eklesiis cxovrebaSi, aramed Cveni
ori eklesiis urTierTobaSic, romelic Tqveni piradi Tvisebebis
gamo inarCunebs gulwrfelobas, siTbosa da qristesmier siyvaruls.
Tqveni sapatriarqo taxtze aRsaydrebidan moyolebuli, saqa-
rTvelos uZvelesi eklesia gaZlierda rwmenasa da RirsebaSi, mniS-
vnelovnad gamravlda samRvdeloeba da samwyso, taZrebi da monas-
trebi.
axla, rodesac Tqven garemoculi brZandebiT sakuTari xalxis
siyvaruliTa da pativiscemiT, rodesac mtkice rwmenis, RvTis ime-
dis, sibrZnisa da dauRalavi Sromis fasad keTili dideba moipoveT
mTels marTlmadideblur samyaroSi, pativs mivageb Tqvens waruval
damsaxurebas RvTisa da eris winaSe da movixmob brZenis sityvebs:
`marTlis nayofi sicocxlis xea da brZeni sulebs izidavs~.
locviT vusurveb Tqvens uwmidesobasa da unetaresobas ga-
Zlierebas da RvTis Sewevnas Tqvens maRal msaxurebaSi. xolo Tqvens
yovlad Rirs samwysos sulier gaZlierebas rwmenasa da qristesmier
siyvarulSi.
Zmuri siyvaruliT,
kirile,
moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqi.~
neba miboZeT, uwmindesi patriarqi kiriles milocvas davur-
To Cemi piradi keTili survilebi da gisurvoT janmrTeloba da
didxans sicocxle da saCuqrad gadmogceT yovladwmida RvTism-
Soblis xati, wminda ruseTisa da wminda saqarTvelos mfarveli!
mravaJamier!~
100
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, mcxeTa-Tbilisis
mTavarepiskoposma, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitma, uw-
midesma da unetaresma ilia II-m Tavis samadlobel sityvaSi aRniSna:
`Tqveno yovladuwmindesobav, konstantinopolisa da axali romis
mTavarepiskoposo da msoflio patriarqo, barTolomeo I, Tqveno
uwmindesobav, sruliad serbeTis patriarqo, peCis mTavarepiskoposo
da belgrad-karlovacis mitropolito irineos, yovladsamRvdelono
mRvdelmTavarno, Zmano da dano!
dRes aris xseneba wmida daviT winaswarmetyvelisa. SevTxovT
mas, rom mSvidoba, sixaruli da siyvaruli sufevdes saqarTveloSi
da mTel msoflioSi.
daviT winaswarmetyveli ambobs: `did xar Sen ufalo da sakvir-
vel arian saqmeni Senni~. da dRes Cven vxedavT Cveni eklesiis aR-
mavlobas, Cveni eklesiis didebas uflis ZaliTa da uflis madliT.
rodesac daviT winaswarmetyvelma israeli gaamTliana da zeimiT
Sedioda ierusalimSi, mTeli eri aqebda mas. maSin daviTma SeaCera
msvleloba da uTxra xalxs: ̀ ufali mefobs! es me ki ar vmefob, ufa-
li mefobs!~ da ai, dRes, roca aRiniSneba Cemi saiubileo TariRebi da
amboben, TiTqos me raRac gavakeTe, daviT winaswarmetyvelis sityvebs
vimeoreb: `ufali mefobs da ufali akeTebs yovelives!~
madlobeli var, rom Tqven CamobrZandiT da monawileoba miiReT
Cvens zeimSi. RmerTma mogceT mSvidoba, sixaruli da siyvaruli, amin.
Tqveno yovladuwmindesobav, minda giTxraT: Cven gveamayeba, rom
Tqven brZandebiT konstantinopolis patriarqi da didia Tqveni dam-
saxureba qveynisa da msoflios winaSe. niSnad Cveni pativiscemisa
da siyvarulisa, mogarTmevT daviT winaswarmetyvelis xats, romlis
dResaswaulic dResaa. es aris minanqarSi Sesrulebuli xati.
CvenTan ars RmerTi!~
14 ianvars saqarTvelos sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi uwmidesisa
da unetaresis, ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT Sedga Tbilisis sasu-
liero akademiis samecniero sadisertacio komisiis sxdoma, romlis
muSaobaSi monawileobdnen: uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II, mangle-
101
li mitropoliti anania (jafariZe), RvTismetyvelebis doqtore-
bi: zimbabvesa da angolis mitropoliti serafime, konstantisa da
amoqostosis mitropoliti basiliosi, volokolamskis mitropoli-
ti ilarioni, gorlicis episkoposi paisi, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa
erovnuli akademiis prezidenti, akademikosi Tamaz gamyreliZe. sa-
disertacio sabWom 10 mecniers mianiWa RvTismetyvelebis doqtoris
samecniero xarisxi.
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m episkoposad kurTxevidan 2
Tvis Semdeg 1963 wels gaxsna mcxeTis samoZRvro kursebi _ sem-
inaria, 1988 _ wels Tbilisis sasuliero academia, xolo patri-
arqobis 35 wlis saiubileo dReebSi SesaZlebeli gaxda Tbilisis
sasuliero akademiaSi amoqmedebuliyo saRvTismetyvelo sadiserta-
cio sabWo, sadac momavalSi araerTi dainteresebuli, perspeqtiuli
sasuliero piri daicavs sadoqtoro disertaciebs.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis, ilia II-is patriarqad aRsaydre-
bidan 35 da dabadebis 80 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili saiubileo
dReebi gagrZelda moskovSi, sadac 2013 wlis 21 ianvars uwmides-
sa da unetaress ilia II-s moskovis qriste macxovris saxelobis
taZris sxdomaTa darbazSi sazeimod gadaeca `marTlmadidebel
xalxTa erTobis~ premia. premiis gadacemisas uwmidessa da une-
taress ilia II-s sityviT mimarTa moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis
patriarqma uwmidesma kirilem, romelmac aRniSna: `uwmidesma da
unetaresma ilia II-m axlaxan aRsaydrebis 35-e da dabadebidan
80 wlisTavis iubile izeima... igi sapatriarqo msaxurebas Tav-
isi qveynisaTvis da samwysosaTvis metad rTul periodSi axor-
cielebs. igi ganamtkicebs qarTveli eris sulier erTobas. misi
uwmidesoba did Zalisxmevas andomebs saeklesio cxovrebis aRor-
Zinebas, erovnuli kulturis ganviTarebas, saxarebiseuli sawyise-
bis damkvidrebas sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. Rrma pativiscemiT
sargeblobs ara marto Tavis xalxSi, aramed mTels marTlmadide-
blur samyaroSi~. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m madloba
gadauxada marTlmadidebel xalxTa erTobis saerTaSoriso fonds
102
sapatio jildosaTvis da aRniSna: `dRes, rodesac am premias viReb,
mas miviCnev ara rogorc Cemi Rvawlis Sedegs, aramed rogorc
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa da qarTveli xalxis
damsaxurebas, romelmac miuxedavad komunisturi da postkomu-
nisturi periodis seriozuli siZneleebisa, gamoavlina usazRvro
siyvaruli RvTisadmi da aRadgina aTasobiT eklesia-monasteri,
aRadgina suliereba. aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom Cveni dajil-
doeba moxda im fonze, rodesac ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris
damokidebuleba rTulia da mxolod ruseTisa da saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis ZalisxmeviT aris SenarCunebuli.
sulieri kavSiri da keTili urTierToba... me adrec araerTxel
aRminiSnavs, rom urTierToba Cvens qveynebs Soris SeiZleba nor-
maluri iyos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu izeimebs samarTlianoba
da saqarTvelos daubrundeba ZirZveli teritoriebi _ afxazeTi
da cxinvalis regioni, rac iqneba kavkasiaSi rTuli problemebis
gadaWris erT-erTi mTavari piroba... adre Tu gvian saqarTvelos
teritoriuli mTlianoba aRdgeba da rac ufro adre moxdeba es,
miT ukeTesia yvelasTvis~. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-
triarqi moskovSi yofnis dros Sexvda ruseTis presidents ba-
ton vladimer putins, qarTuli diasporas warmomadgenlebs.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II 2013 wlis 23-29 ivliss ruseTis
gaqristianebis 1025 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT oficialuri vizitiT
imyofeboda moskovSi, kievsa da minskSi Sexvda president putins,
president ianukoviCs da president lukaSenkos. uwmidesma da une-
taresma ilia II-em madloba gadauxada uwmidess kiriles miwvevisaT-
vis da aRniSna: `aTeisturi epoqidan gamosvlis periodSi Cven metad
rTuli gza ganvleT _ es iyo Cveni eklesiis Camoyalibebis pro-
cesi, mZime gansacdelebiT aRsavse. axla vcxovrobT globalizaciis
epoqaSi, rodesac SeiZleba mogveCvenos, rom mravali sulieri da
kulturuli faseuloba kargavs Tavis Zalas, magram sinamdvileSi es
faseulobebi aris swored is xsna, romelic gadaarCens Cvens erebs.
rwmena, sasoeba da siyvaruli, Cveni kultura da literatura, es
103
yvelaferi, imisaTvis unda SevinarCunoT, rom Cvenma eklesiebma da
xalxebma momavalSi ganviTareba SeZlon~.
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis
mTavarepiskoposi, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti qarT-
veli xalxis aRiarebuli sulieri lideria, misi sityvisa da saqmis
sjeraT ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed msoflioSi. patriarqi qa-
rTveli eris gaerTianebis simboloa.
104
sergo vardosaniZesergo vardosaniZe
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II dauwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II da
sazRvargareTis samonastro centrebi, diasporasazRvargareTis samonastro centrebi, diaspora
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da un-
etaresi ilia II saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis garSemo
aerTianebs sruliad saqarTvelos da saqarTvelos saxelmwifo saz-
Rvrebs iqiT mcxovreb Cvens Tanamemamuleebs, raTa isini ar moswydnen
TavianT istoriul fesvebs. patriarqis zrunvis sagani iyo da aris
sazRvargareTis qarTuli samonastro centrebi.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias, adreuli
Sua saukuneebidan XIX saukunis CaTvliT, sazRvargareT mravali
eklesia-monasteri hqonda. aq moRvawe qarTveli berebi qmnidnen
originalur sasuliero Janris naSromebs, Targmnidnen qarTuli-
dan berZnulad an berZnulidan qarTulad iTargmneboda qristian-
ul literaturaSi cnobili Txzulebebi. Tuki aseTi mdidari da
mravalferovania Sua saukuneebis qarTuli kultura, amaSi did-
ia sazRvargareT arsebuli qarTuli eklesia-monastrebis wvlili.
axlo aRmosavleTSi ganTqmuli iyo sabawmindis, sinas, jvris, Savi
mTis, xolo dasavleTSi _ aTonisa da petriwonis monastrebi. Sua
saukuneebSi wmida miwaze qarTvelebs gansakuTrebuli privilegiebi
hqondaT _ golgoTaze qristes saflavis eklesiis kliteni maT
epyraT da gaSlili droSebiT cxenze amxedrebulebs ierusalimSi
Sesvla SeeZloT. miuxedavad imisa, rom XV saukuneSi erTiani saqa-
rTvelo sam samefod da erT samTavrod daiSala, samefoTa mefe-mTa-
varni sazRvargareTul qarTul samonastro centrebs yuradRebas
ar aklebdnen. iran-osmaleTis mZlavrobis xanaSi (XVI-XVIII ss.)
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis poziciebi Se-
sustda. XVI-XX saukuneebSi, saqarTvelos mimarT osmalTa mier
ganxorcielebuli agresiis Sedegad, istoriuli saqarTvelos ter-
105
itoriis naxevarze meti _ tao-klarjeT-lazeTi _ da iq arsebuli
qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT aRmoCn-
da. XVI saukuneSi osmalTagan Seviwroebulma konstantinopolis
msoflio sapatriarqom avtokefalia da marTlmadideblur dip-
tixSi saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriulad kuTvnili
me-5 adgili politikurad gaZlierebuli ruseTis eklesias mianiWa.
ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobisa da saqarTvelos marTl-
madidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg
sazRvargareTul qarTul samonastro centrebs TandaTan ucxoelebi
(berZnebi da somxebi) daepatronnen da gulmodgined daiwyes monas-
trebSi arsebuli qarTuli kvalis waSla (amis TvalsaCino maga-
liTia ierusalimis jvris monasterSi SoTa rusTavelis freskis
garSemo atexili skandalic). miuxedavad imisa, rom XIX saukune-
sa da XX saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia
ruseTis sinodis daqvemdebarebaSi imyofeboda, qarTveli sasuliero
pirebi mainc wmida miwisken, aTonisken, miiswrafodnen. qarTvel samR-
vdeloebaSi gansakuTrebuli pativiscemiT sargeblobdnen sazRvarga-
reTul qarTul samonastro centrebSi namsaxurebi berebi. saqarTve-
los marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis mcdeloba, 1917 wels
avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg sazRvargareTul qarTul samonastro
centrebTan aRedgina kavSiri, uSedego aRmoCnda. 1921-1970 wleb-
Si, sabWoTa `rkinis fardis“ pirobebSi, es kidev ufro garTulda.
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqebi _ uwmidesi da une-
taresi efrem II da daviT V _ sarekomendacio werilebs ugzavnidnen
ierusalimisa da konstantinopolis patriarqebs, raTa aTonis iver-
Ta monastersa da ierusalimis jvris monasterSi gadaRebis ufleba
miecaT kinoreJisor irakli onofriSvilisa da guram pataraiasaT-
vis, daeSvaT iq samuSaod qarTvel mecnierTa jgufi (irakli abaSiZe,
giorgi wereTeli, akaki SaniZe). uwmidesma da unetaresma Tavisi
mRvdelmTavrobis periodSi, rogorc saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis sagareo ganyofilebis xelmZRvanelma, miznad
daisaxa sazRvargareTul qarTul monastrebTan kavSiris aRdgena.
106
misTvis gansakuTrebiT axlobeli iyo aTonis iverTa monasteri. am
monastris istorias miuZRvna man Tavisi sakvalifikacio Sroma da
vrcel daskvnaSi aTonis iverTa monastris roli saqarTvelos is-
toriaSi mkafiod gansazRvra. cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitad msax-
urebisas igi araerTxel Sexvda qarTvel mecnierebs da maTTan erTad
imsjela, ra unda gakeTebuliyo aTonis iverTa monasterTan dasaka-
vSireblad. 1970 wels mitropoliti ilia saqarTvelosmecniereba-
Ta akademiis k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa institutis di-
reqtors, akademikos elene metrevels swerda: `qalbatono elene,
gamaxara Tqvenma werilma da z. aleqsiZis `epistoleTa wignma“.
gmadlobTyuradRebisaTvis. mec minda gagaxaroT sasiamovno ambiT.
arqimandrit abelis saSualebiT vipoveT gza, romliTac davukavSir-
debiT iveriis monastris xelnawerebs. miviRe werili Tesalonikis
universitetis profesor taxikosisgan, romelic gvpirdeba daxmare-
bas~. 1978 wlis seqtemberSi uwmidesma da unetaresma saqarTveloSi
mowveul aTonis mTis gubernators, dimitrios camiss vizitis iseTi
programa SesTavaza da qarTuli stumarmaspinZlobis iseTi madli
aCvena, rom aRfrTovanebulma gubernatorma Tbilisidan gamgzavrebis
win ganacxada: `adamianis cxovrebaSi iSviaTad, magram mainc arsebobs
wuTebi, rodesac ar SeiZleba gamoiTqvas grZnobebi, romlebic mas eu-
fleba. yvela sityva, romelic SeiZleba me vTqva, Raribi da uferuli
iqneba Cems gancdebTan SedarebiT~. baton camisis saxiT saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebelma samociqulo eklesiam Zlieri mxardamWeri ipova.
1979 wlis 5 dekembers patriarqma aTonis iverTa monastris sabWos
mimarTa: `aRsdges is kavSiri, romelic arsebobda saqarTvelosa da
iveriis monasters Soris. am mizniT Cven gamovTqvamT survils, rom
warmovgzavnoT TqvenTan saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiidan sami
mecnieri, romelnic gadaiReben iveriis monastris biblioTekaSi dac-
ul qarTuli xelnawerebis mikrofilmebs~. uwmindesi saqarTvelos
oficialur xelisuflebas saqarTvelosaTvis aTonis iverTa monas-
tris mniSvnelobas ganumartavda da mxardaWeras sTxovda, raTa mon-
asterSi gagzavniliyo oTxi qarTveli beri, Tan dasZenda: `Tu es
107
SevZeliT, Cvens mecnierebsa da eklesias eqnebaT mudmivi kavSiri am
savanesTan da iq dacul Zvirfas qarTul nivTebs eyoleba Tavisi
kanonieri patroni da gulSematkivari~.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT, saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi 1983 wels gansakuTrebu-
lad sazeimo viTarebaSi aRiniSna aTonis iverTa monastris daarse-
bidan 1000 wlisTavi. monastris sabWosadmi gagzavnil milocvaSi
xazgasmiT aRiniSna, rom aTonis iverTa monasteri maradJams iyo da
darCeba saqarTvelos samociqulo dedaeklesiis sulis ganuyofel
nawilad. ilia II-s ZalisxmeviT, aTonis monastrebis berebi araerTx-
el estumrnen saqarTvelos, moiloces qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi,
Sexvdnen qarTvel sasuliero pirebs, mecnierebs. patriarqTan Sex-
vedrebma isini gansakuTrebuli madlierebiT aRavso. 1987 wlis
11 TebervliT daTariRebul werilSi isini aRniSnavdnen: `Svilieri
grZnobiT vusurvebT Tqvens Rirseul unetaresobas janmrTelobas
da RvTaebriv Zlierebas, raTa macxovnebeli sityva uqadagoT saqarT-
velos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis samwysos. viTxovT
Tqvens RvTaebriv locvebs da yvelani, saerTo krebis warmomadgenle-
bi, aTonis wmida mTis ocive wmida monastris winamZRvrebi, vrCebiT
uRrmesi pativiscemiT~. uwmidesisa da unetaresis surviliT saqarT-
veloSi CamoabrZanes aTonis karis RvTismSoblis xatis asli. wmida
aTonis mTasTan, iq arsebul monstrebTan saqarTvelos marTlmadide-
beli samociqulo eklesiis mWidro urTierToba grZeldeba. aTonze
dawerili araerTi xatia davanebuli saqarTveloSi moqmed ekle-
sia-monastrebSi. ilia II-m aTonis wmida mTis vatopedis monastris
berebis stumrobisas (2011 wlis 17-24 Tebervali) gaixsena aTonis
wmida mTaze Tavisi stumroba: `maxsendeba Cemi viziti aTonis wminda
mTaze. iq, kareasSi, sadac aTonis mTis wmida kinoti ikribeba, vijeqi
sapatriarqo taxtze da yvela beri Cem garSemo iyo Semokrebili, me
gamocda movuwye maT. ase vuTxari: axla unda gamogcadoT, rogori
Tavmdabloba da morCileba gaqvT. aba, momiaxlovdiT da yvelam dam-
loceT-meTqi. zogierTi SeSinda da daibna, magram zogierTi movida
108
da marTlac damloca da es dalocva dResac mSvelis da momavalSic
Semeweva~. 2011 wlis 20 Tebervals samebis sakaTedro taZarSi aTo-
nis mTis vatopedis monastris winamZRvarma arqimandritma efremma
am sityvebiT daaxasiaTa uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II: `is, ramac
gangvacvifra, aris mTeli qarTveli eris saocari erTguleba da miZ-
Rvna Tavisi patriarqisadmi! Cemi azriT, saqarTvelos eklesias hyavs
Tavmdabali patriarqi, romelic yovladwmida RvTismSoblis udidesi
madlis Rirsi Seiqna da es moaxdina deda RvTismSobelma, rom amdeni
welia mas xalxis mxridan Zlieri mxardaWera aqvs~.
XX saukunis qarTvel patriarqTa da saero mecnierTa ocneba,
hqonodaT kavSiri aTonis wmida mTaze arsebul qarTul monastrebTan
da iq dacul qarTul xelnawerebTan, realobad iqca. dRes aTonze
araerTi qarTveli beri moRvaweobs. uwmidesi da unetaresi aseTive
didi mondomebiT Seudga ierusalimis jvris monasterTan saqarT-
velos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis kavSiris aRdgenas.
ierusalimis patriarqTan, uwmides benediqtesTan Sexvedrisas is
pirvelad Seexo jvris monastris saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis dab-
runebis sakiTxs. molaparakebebi gagrZelda patriarq diodorosis
I-is drosac. ilia II-m kargad icoda, rom ierusalimis sapatriarqo-
saTvis Zneli gadasawyveti iyo es sakiTxi. misi uwmidesoba saqarT-
velos saero xelisuflebas meti mxardaWerisaken mouwodebda. 1987
wlis 5 noembers saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWoSi gagzavnil
werilSi igi aRniSnavda: `ierusalimSi oficialuri vizitis dros
Sevxvdi patriarq diodoros I-s da davayene ierusalimis jvris
monastris gadmocemis sakiTxi. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, berZnebi
Cvens Txovnas enTuziazmiT ar Sexvedrian, Tumca Segvpirdnen sakiTx-
is ganxilvas. saWiroa mTavrobis daxmareba. warmatebis SemTxvevaSi
Tqven daimsaxurebT Cveni xalxis samudamo madlierebas~. ierusalim-
is jvris monastris sakiTxis mogvarebaze muSaobs patriarqis loc-
va-kurTxeviT Seqmnili mecnierTa da biznesmenTa jgufi. israelis
mTavroba, qarTveli ebraeloba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samo-
ciqulo eklesias srul mxardaWeras ucxadeben. aseT viTarebaSi
109
ierusalimis jvris monastris berZenma berebma monasterSi qarTvel-
Ta SeSveba SezRudes, gaurkvevel viTarebaSi dazianda rusTavelis
freska. am samwuxaro faqtebis miuxedavad, imedi unda viqonioT, rom
istoriuli samarTlianoba aRdgeba da jvris monasteri saqarTve-
los aucileblad daubrundeba.
kaTolikos-patriarqma 1980 wlis maisSi, bulgareTSi vizitis
dros, moinaxula petriwonis qarTvelTa monasteri, romelic 1083
wels Zmeb bakurianisZeTa mier aris daarsebuli. bulgareTis pa-
triarqma uwmidesma maqsimem ganacxada, rom mzad iyo nebismier dros
mieRo qarTveli berebi amJamad baCkovos monastrad wodebul petri-
wonSi. uwmidesma da unetaresma 1977-2007 wlebSi moiloca sazR-
vargareT arsebuli yvela eklesia-monasteri, sadac ki qarTvelebs
uRvawiaT, sadac qarTuli siwmindeebia daculi, pativi miago Cvens
saxelovan da istoriis miRma darCenil usaxelo gmirebs, romel-
nic emsaxurebodnen dedaeklesias, dedasamSoblos. uwmidesma da un-
etaresma moaxerxa dakavSireboda 1927 wlidan saqarTvelos sapa-
triarqos iurisdiqciidan gasul parizis wmida ninos saxelobis
eklesiis winamZRvar dekanoz ilia melias.
kaTolikos-patriarqi yovelTvis gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiTa
da interesiT adevnebda Tvals istoriuli saqarTvelos im nawi-
lis cxovrebas, romelic dRes TurqeTis saqarTvelod _ tao-klar-
jeT-lazeTad aris cnobili. Sua saukuneebis saqarTvelos politi-
kur-sulieri da kulturul-saganmanaTleblo cxovrebis istoriaSi
gansakuTrebulia tao-klarjeTis roli. TiToeulma wignierma qa-
rTvelma icis artanujis, opizis, xanZTis, Satberdis, parexis, berTas,
wyarosTavis, anCis, oSkis, iSxnis, xaxulis, banas eklesia-monastrebi,
pativs scems iq moRvawe sasuliero pirebs, romelTac udidesi
roli Seasrules saqarTvelos istoriaSi. tao-klarjeTis ekle-
sia-monastrebis, wmida xatebis, unikaluri saeklesio wignebis gareSe
xom warmoudgenelia saqarTvelos istoria. tao-klarjeTis teri-
toriaze iyo 14 saepiskoposo: mawyverelis, kumurdoelis, iSxnelis,
anCelis, mtbevaris, wurwyabelis, eruSnelis, valaSkertelis, anelis,
110
karelis, banelis da dadeSnelis, arzrumelis... XVII saukunis 60-ian
wlebSi es saepiskoposoebi osmalebma gaauqmes. `episkoposni ivlto-
dian kvaladca, romelTa ara inebes gamahmadianeba: qarTls, imereTs,
odiSs, gurias, kaxeTs“, _ dananebiT werda vaxuSti bagrationi. XIX
saukuneSi istoriuli tao-klarjeTis nawili daubrunda saqarTve-
los... 1921 wels ki, sabWoTa ruseTsa da qemalisturi TurqeTis
mTavrobas Soris dadebuli SeTanxmebiT, tao-klarjeTi da lazeTi
TurqeTis saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi gadavida. sabWoTa imperi-
is periodSi istoriul tao-klarjeTTan dakavSireba TiTqmis war-
moudgeneli iyo. gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi kinooperatorebma
guram pataraiam da irakli onofriSvilma naxevrad aralegalurad
mainc moaxerxes tao-klarjeTis siwmindeTa gadaReba. ilia II-is
locva-kurTxeviT wmida sinodma 1978 wels miiRo gadawyvetileba,
rom awyuris eparqiis nacvlad Seqmniliyo axalcixisa da samcxe-ja-
vaxeTis eparqia, xolo wmida sinodis 2002 wlis 17 oqtombris
ganCinebiT, axalcixis episkoposis samwysos daemata tao-klarjeTisa
da lazeTis eparqia, romelic aerTianebs am teritoriaze istori-
ulad arsebul 14 saepiskoposos. sinodis am ganCinebiT saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis iurisdiqcia ganivrco is-
toriuli saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze. saqarTvelosa da Tur-
qeTs Soris damyarebuli keTilmezobluri urTierTobis pirobebSi
SesaZlebeli gaxda turistul jgufebSi gaerTianebul momlocvelT
moelocaT tao-klarjeTis qarTuli siwmindeni, Sexvedrodnen Tur-
qeTis qarTvelobas. 2003 wels uwmidesi da unetaresi sinodis
wevrebTan erTad estumra tao-klarjeTs, moiloca xaxulis, oSkis,
iSxnis monastrebi. msoflio patriarq barTolomeos I-Tan, aleqsan-
driisa da sruliad afrikis papsa da patriarq petre VII-sTan er-
Tad imyofeboda istoriul kapadokiaSi. pirvelad, mravali saukunis
Semdeg, RvTismsaxureba aRevlina wmida elenesa da konstantines
saxelobis taZarSi. wirvas umetesad qarTveli mrevli eswreboda.
yvela grZnobda istoriuli wuTebis sidiades. aRelvebuli iyo uw-
midesi da unetaresi ilia II-c. `wmida mamebi amboben, rom arsebobs
111
sulTa kavSiri, _ brZana man, _ da Cven gvwams, rom dRes, CvenTan er-
Tad, aq imyofebian wmida ninos, wmida giorgis, wmida basili didisa
da sxvaTa, kabadokiel mamaTa da dedaTa sulebi. aRvavlenT locvebs,
rom mSvidoba, sixaruli, siyvaruli sufevdes Cvens Soris~. msof-
lios asamde televizia iRebda liturgiis msaxurebas, milionobiT
adamiani ucqerda am eklesia-monastrebis istoriul patronebs _
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqsa da mis Tanmxleb qa-
rTvelebs. dedasamSoblosTan siaxlovis, qarTvelobiT gamowveuli
siamayis grZnoba kidev ufro gaumZafrda TurqeTis qarTvelobas.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT, saqarTveloSi gaimarTa
TurqeTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis _ `Cveneburebis~ xalxuri sim-
Rerisa da cekvis koncerti. TurqeTis qarTveloba dedasamSoblos,
winaparTa miwis yivils grZnobs... patriarqi arasodes iviwyebs maT:
`gansakuTrebuli siyvaruliTa da mxurvale grZnobebiT mogmarTavT
Tqven, Cveno Zmebo, mcxovrebno samSoblos sazRvrebs gareT, mogmar-
TavT Tqven, muslimanebo da qristianebo, Cven sisxliTa da xorciT
erTni varT, miuxedavad gansxvavebuli religiuri Sexedulebebisa.
gaxsovdeT, rom Tqveni winaprebi ganisveneben saqarTvelos wmida
miwaSi. nu daiviwyebT, vina xarT, gaxsovdeT RvTisgan dalocvili
qarTuli ena da saukuneTa manZilze SenarCunebuli wminda qarTu-
li tradiciebi... Cven marad gvaxsovxarT da dRedaRam vloculobT
TqvenTvis, Cveni eris gamTlianebisTvis~. TurqeTis teritoriaze
mcxovreb qarTvelTagan gansakuTrebiT intensiuri gaxda lazebTan
kavSiri, romelic XX saukunis 90-iani wlebidan gaZlierda. patri-
arqis locva-kurTxeviT araerTi lazi Camodis saqarTveloSi, bevri
moinaTla kidec. gaZlierda maTSi erovnuli suliskveTeba, danarCen
qarTvelebTan istoriuli erTobis gancda. uwmidesis locva-kurTx-
eviT saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm. andria pirvelwodebulis sax.
qarTul universitetSi funqcionirebs lazuri kulturis Semswav-
leli centri, romlis iniciativiTac ewyoba saintereso eqspedicie-
bi, samecniero simpoziumebi, genetikuri kvlevebi.
istoriuli ukuRmarTobiT 1921 wlidan aRmosavleT kaxeTis
112
nawili _ hereTi (saingilo) _ saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT
darCa. es kuTxe saqarTvelos istoriaSi cnobili iyo qris-
tianuli sarwmunoebisadmi TavdadebiTa da Crdilo kavkasiaSi
warmoebuli misioneruli saqmianobiT. aq moqmedi qurmuxisa da
giSis saepiskoposoebi did rols asrulebdnen qristianuli saqa-
rTvelos istoriaSi. XVI saukuneSi iranelTa mxardaWeriT am
teritoriaze mZlavroben lekebi, `lekianobasTan“ brZola gagr-
Zelda XVIII-XIX saukuneebSic. 1917 wels, saqarTvelos marTl-
madidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg,
istoriuli hereTis _ saingilos samwyso bodbelis eparqiaSi
Sedioda. 1921 wlidan, agresiuli aTeizmis xanaSi, Azerbaijanis
komunisturma xelisuflebam araerTi eklesia-monasteri daangria
saingiloSi, daxoces sasuliero pirebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom
ingiloTa nawili mahmadiania, isini TavianT Tavs qarTvelebad
Tvlian da imedis Tvali saqarTvelosken aqvT mopyrobili. uw-
midesma da unetaresma ilia II-m saingiloSi samoRvaweod gauSva
sasuliero pirebi, xolo 1997 da 2005 wlebSi kavkasiis mus-
limanTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris, Seih alax Suqur faSa zades mi-
wveviT orjer imogzaura saingiloSi. uwmidesma da unetaresma
moiloca kaxis, belaqnis, zaqaTalis raionebSi arsebuli qarTuli
eklesia-monastrebi, Sexvda da esaubra mosaxleobas, gadasca maT
saeklesio wignebi, xatebi. uwmidesi da unetaresi ase aRwerda
saingiloSi stumrobas: `yvela sofelSi, sadac ki mivediT, xalxi
anTebuli gulebiT, anTebuli sanTlebiTa da pur-mariliT gvx-
vdeboda. bevri maTgani sixarulisgan tiroda. mTavari is iyo,
rom dedasamSoblos mowyvetilma iqaurma qarTvelebma, romlebic
Cveni qveynis avbedobis gamo axla sxva saxelmwifos moqalaqeebi
arian, igrZnes, rom isini upatrononi ar arian... xSirad mesmoda,
rogor ambobdnen: Cven araferi gvinda, Cven mxolod gvindoda
dagvenaxa saqarTvelos patriarqio. ra Tqma unda, maT bevri ram
sWirdebaT, magram yvelaze metad isini Cvens yuradRebasa da gu-
lis siTbos saWiroeben~. patriarqis gadawyvetilebiT, 2002 wlis
113
17 oqtombers Seiqmna nekresisa da hereTis eparqia, romelmac
istoriuli hereTis teritoriac moicva. 2009 wlis aprilSi
kaTolikos-patriarqis locvakurTxeviT Seiqmna xornabujisa da
hereTis saepiskoposo, romelic moicavs dedofliswyaros, kaxe-
Tis, belaqnis da zaqaTalis raionebs. 30 maiss axali eparqiis
mmarTvelad gamoirCa arqimandriti melqisedeki, romelic 5 maiss
akurTxes episkoposad. episkoposi melqisedeki saingiloSi, ker-
Zod, kaxSi, gansakuTrebiT ki qurmuxSi giorgobis dResaswaulze
wiravs qurmuxis wmida giorgis saxelobis eklesiaSi. giorgobis
dResaswuli amTlianebs mahmadian da qristian qarTvelebs. sain-
giloSi isini erTad aRniSnaven am udides dResaswauls. uwmidesi
da unetaresi ilia II sapatriarqoSi xSirad maspinZlobs isto-
riuli hereTidan Camosul stumrebs da aZlevs kurTxevas, iyvnen
erTgulni TavianTi sarwmunoebisa da istoriuli genisa. 2001
wels iranis prezidentis, muhamed haTamis miwveviT iranSi viziti-
sas misma uwmidesobam moinaxula fereidani, Sexvda iqaur qarT-
velobas da gaamxneva isini. patriarqis fereidnidan dabrunebis
Semdeg saqarTvelos moaSura araerTma iqaurma qarTvelma. samSob-
loSi Camosuli fereidnelebis patroni da maspinZelia uwmidesi
da unetaresi ilia II. fereidneli qarTvelebi saqarTvelos pa-
triarqs ocnebis saqarTvelodan Camosuls uwodeben. igi xSirad
imeorebs fereidnelTa saocar locvas _ `RmerTs ebarebodeT“.
patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida
andria pirvelwodebulis sax. qarTul universitetSi funqcioni-
rebs fereidneli qarTvelebisTvis qarTuli enis, literaturisa
da saqarTvelos istoriis Semswavleli kursebi.
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da une-
taresi ilia II bevrs fiqrobs ruseTis federaciaSi, ukrainasa da
baltiispireTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis Sesaxeb.
XIX saukuneSi saqarTvelo jer ruseTis imperiis provinciad,
xolo XX saukuneSi modernizebul sabWoTa imperiaSi `suverenu-
li mokavSire respublikis~ saxiT Sedioda. am ori saukunis man-
114
Zilze mravali qarTuli ojaxi gadavida sacxovreblad ruseTis
sxvadasxva qalaqebSi, baltiispireTSi, ukrainaSi, belorusiaSi. XX
saukunis 90-ian wlebSi sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg patri-
arqi araerTxel stumrebia moskovs, sadac yovelTvis xvdeboda
qarTuli diasporis warmomadgenlebs da ganumtkicebda dedasamS-
oblosadmi siyvarulis grZnobas.
XX saukunis bolosa da XXI saukunis dasawyisSi saqarT-
veloSi Seqmnilma mZime socialur-ekonomikurma da politikur-
ma viTarebama aiZula aTasobiT Cveni Tanamemamule saarsebo sa-
Sualebebis saZebnad gasuliyo evropisa da amerikis ganviTarebul
qveynebSi. mravalricxovani qarTuli diasporebi gaCnda inglisSi,
safrangeTSi, germaniaSi, holandiaSi, belgiaSi, espaneTSi. arsebuli
monacemebiT daaxloebiT milionze meti qarTvelia dRes ucx-
oeTSi, romelTa Svilebi da SviliSvilebi evropis saxelmwifoTa
kulturul, ekonomikur da politikur sivrceSi integrirdebian.
arsebobs imis saSiSroeba, isini gaucxovdnen dedasamSoblosgan,
qarTuli faseulobisgan. am viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT, uwmidesi-
sa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,
ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT 2002 wlis 17 oqtombers gamarTul
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis sxdomaze
miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba: 1. 2002 wlis 18 oqtombridan da-
fuZndes saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi
dasavleT evropis eparqia; 2. eparqiis iurisdiqcia gavrceldes
Semdegi qveynebis teritoriaze _ germania, safrangeTi, didi bri-
taneTi, irlandia, belgia (2009 wlis 30 aprilidan saqarTvelos
eklesiis wmida sinodis ganCinebiT dasavleT evropis eparqias
gamoeyo didi britaneTisa da irlandiis eparqia, romelsac xelmZ-
Rvanelobs mTavarepiskoposi zenoni (iarajuli _ s. v.s. v.), holandia,
luqsemburgi, avstria, Sveicaria, dania, espaneTi, portugalia, ita-
lia; 3. dasavleT evropis eparqiis mmarTvelad dainiSna mitro-
politi abraami (garmelia). dasavleT evropis eparqiis umTavresi
misiaa sulieri mzrunveloba da mfarveloba eparqiaSi Semaval
115
qveynebSi mcxovreb Cvens Tanamemamuleebze, maTi erovnul-sarwmu-
noebrivi TviTSegnebis SenarCuneba. dasavleT evropis eparqiaSi
75-ze meti samrevloa, sadac RvTismsaxurebas asrulebs 20-ze
meti sasuliero piri. 2009 wels uwmidesisa da unetaresis, ilia
II-is locva-kurTxeviT Seiqmna CrdiloeT amerikisa da kanadis
eparqia, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs mitropoliti dimitri (Sio-
laSvili). eparqiaSi 12-mde samrevloa, sadac moRvaweobs 10-mde
sasuliero piri. didi britaneTisa da irlandiis eparqias sam-
revloebi aqvs londonSi, glazgoSi, kardifSi, uelsSi, belfastSi.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis eparqiebia samxreT amer-
ikaSi, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs mitropoliti nikolozi (daT-
uaSvili), avstraliaSi, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs mitropoliti
Sio (mujiri).
2009 wlis 14 maiss wmida Tamar mefis saxelobis qarTuli
eklesiis gaxsnaze parizSi sagangebod CabrZanda uwmidesi da une-
taresi ilia II da Sexvda safrangeTSi mcxovreb qarTvelebs. 2012
wlis 15-22 maiss patriarqi kvlav stumrobda parizs. 20 maiss man
sazeimo wirva aRavlina wmida Tamar mefis saxelobis qarTul ekle-
siaSi. wirvis Semdeg qadagebisas man mouwoda Cvens Tanamemamuleebs,
ar moswydnen TavianT istoriul fesvebs da yvelaferi gaakeTon,
raTa male dabrundnen saqarTveloSi da TavianTi niWi, SesaZlebloba
moaxmaron qveynis aRmSeneblobas.
2011 wlis 4-15 Tebervals uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II stum-
robda londons, sadac sazeimod gaixsna macxovris Sobis qarTuli
eklesia. patriarqma saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sino-
dis wevrebTan erTad axladgaxsnil taZarSi wirvis Semdeg daloca
mrevli da mouwoda maT gaufrTxildnen Cvens erovnul fesvebs, ar
moswydnen mas da Svilebi saqarTvelos siyvaruliT aRzardon.
erT-erT saSobao epistoleSi misi uwmidesoba brZanebs: `su-
liereba xalxSi Tavdapirvelad gzas ikvlevs calkeul madlmosil
pirovnebaTa wyalobiT, Semdeg es niWi efineba mTel ers, aRamaRlebs
mas, amitomac pirovnebis roli qveynis cxovrebaSi udidesia. arian
116
adamianebi, RvTis niSniT gamorCeulni, romelnic Tesen siyvaruls,
saTnoebas, qmnian, aSeneben, TviTon iwvian da sxvas gzas unaTeben~.
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi
ilia II is pirovnebaa, romelic aerTianebs sruliad saqarTvelos
da XXI saukuneSi, am urTulesi gamowvevebis saukuneSi, qarTvel ers
sulieri da zneobrivi simtkicis Zalas aZlevs, raTa warmatebiT
dasZlion yvela siZnele.
117
mamuka giorgaZemamuka giorgaZe
patriarqi da erovnuli moZraobapatriarqi da erovnuli moZraoba
ufals madlobas unda swiravdes, siamayiT ivsebodes da bednie-
rad miaCndes Tavi im ers, romelsac ufalma Znelbedobis Jams brZeni,
damTmeni da kacTmoyvare patriarqi momadla. eklesiis winamZRolma,
romelic gamoirCeva azrovnebis diapazonis sididiT, movlenebis Se-
fasebis sizustiT, eris cxovrebis kritikul monakveTebSi mudamdRe
aqtiuri monawileobiT, urTules periodSi bewvis xidze gamoatara
saqarTvelos eklesia da qarTveli xalxi. man gankuTvnil simaRleze
aiyvana eklesiis avtoriteti ara mxolod marTlmadidebel mrevl-
Si, aramed sxva sarwmunoebis Cvens moqalaqeebSic da saerTaSoriso
sarbielzec angariSgasawev Zalad gaxada igi.
sabWoTa periodSi saqarTvelos eklesia, garda sulieri safuZ-
vlisa, qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis uwyvetobis, TaobaTa Soris ka-
vSiris, erovnuli suliskveTebis mudmivobis gamomxatvelerTaderT
legalurad moqmed institututs warmoadgenda da, bunebrivia, 70 _
80-ian wlebSi, rodesac disidenturi da Semdeg erovnuli moZraobis
aRmavlobis xana daiwyo, saqarTvelos eklesiam farTod gauRo kari
da Tbilad Caikra gulSi Tavisi Svilebi. patriarqis aRsaydrebis
Semdeg sionis ezoSi sul axalgazrduli xmebi ismoda. mokle peri-
odSi mrevlis raodenoba Zalian gaizarda. eklesia iqca erovnuli
ganwyobis adamianebisTvis Sekrebisa da Sexvedris adgilad. erovnul
moZraobaSi CarTuli adamiani praqtikulad xdeboda mrevli. sain-
tereso Sedareba SeiZleba movitanoT am mxriv rus disidentebTan,
romelTa Sexvedrebis adgilebs maiakovskisa da puSkinis Zeglebis
mimdebare teritoria warmoadgenda.
kaTolikos-patriarq ilia II-is saxiT saqarTvelos hyavs su-
lieri lideri, romelmac taZrebi axalgazrdebis gulanTebul qri-
stianebad da, Sesabamisad, patriotebad Camoyalibebis kerebad aqcia,
118
eris cxovrebis mniSvnelovan gardamtex da gadamwyvet momentebSi
ki piradi magaliTiT aCvena liderisTvis damaxasiaTebeli pasuxism-
geblobisa da windaxedulobis maRali done. saqarTvelos uaxlesi
istoriis umniSvnelovanesi movlenebis dros misi uwmidesobis qme-
debebi amis naTeli dadasturebaa.
1989 wels, roca saqarTveloSi erovnulma moZraobam TiTqmis
sayovelTao xasiaTi miiRo, afxazeTis sakiTxi gansakuTrebulad gam-
wvavda da qveyanaSi seriozuli daZabuloba Seiqmna. sakavSiro xe-
lisufleba cdilobda saqarTvelos erovnuli moZraobisTvis da,
saerTod, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis ideisTvis daepirispirebina
afxazuri separatistuli moZraoba, romelsac yovelnairad xels
uwyobda da axalisebda. 18 marts sofel lixnSi Catarda afxaz-
eTis avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi xelmZRvanelobis mier
organizebuli kreba, romelmac miiRo qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis
winaaRmdeg mimarTuli gadawyvetileba, ramac afaxazeTisa da mTli-
anad qarTuli sazogadoeba aRaSfoTa. gagrasa da soxumSi Catarda
qarTvelTa saprotesto aqciebi. erT-erTi aqciis Semdeg lesel-
iZidan soxumisken mimaval avtobuss, romelSic momitingeebi isxdnen,
Tavs daesxnen. xelisuflebidan marTuli am kriminaluri qmedebis
gasaprotesteblad soxumSi Catarda aqcia, romelSic bevri afxazic
monawileobda. 9 aprilisTvis daigegma kidev erTi aqcia soxumSi.
erovnuli moZraobis erTma nawilma 4 aprils maSindeli mTav-
robis saxlis win aqcia daiwyo lixnis Sekrebis organizatorTa
da avtobusze TavdamsxmelTa dasjis moTxovniT. cota xanSi aqciis
Temam garkveuli saxecvlileba ganicada da upirobo moTxovnad saqa-
rTvelos damoukideblobis sakiTxi daisva. aqciis organizatorebs
miaCndaT, rom politikuri moTxovnis dayenebiT Tavidan iqneboda
acilebuli konfliqti eTnikur niadagze, romelic 9 aprils sox-
umis aqciis darbevas SeiZleboda mohyoloda. sabWoTa kavSirSi ukve
arsebobda precedentebi xelovnurad inspirirebuli eTnikuri kon-
fliqtebisa (fergana, yarabaxi, sumgaiti da sxv.), romelic erTi mxriv
xalxTa tragediad iqca da, meore mxriv, konfliqtis yvela monawile
119
mxare TavisuflebisTvis brZolis swori gzidan aacdina da erTma-
neTTan brZolaSi mTlianad damokidebuli gaxada moskovze.
5 aprilidan TbilisSi aqciebi mimdinareobda, aseve, saxelm-
wifo televiziasTan da sxvadasxva umaRles saswavleblebTan. sas-
wavleblebTan mimdinare aqciebis monawileebma 8 aprils, qalaqSi
javSanteqnikis gamoCenis gamo, televiziis win moiyares Tavi da erT
did aqciad gaerTiandnen. ZiriTadi aqcia ki kvlav rusTavelze, mTav-
robis saxlis win mimdinareobda.
7-8 aprils viTareba ukiduresad daiZaba, _ qalaqSi demonstraci-
ulad gamoCnda sabWoTa armiis nawilebi. amasTan, ssrk-is sxvadasxva
regionebidan damatebiTi samxedro SenaerTebis Camoyvanac daiwyo.
Madgilobriv xelisuflebas, praqtikulad, CamoerTva respublikis
marTvis sadaveebi da samxedroebi warmarTavdnen movlenebs. Seqmnil-
ma viTarebam xalxi kidev ufro gaaRiziana, ramac aqciis monawileTa
raodenoba mkveTrad gazarda. xalxis suliskeTeba imdenad amaRle-
buli iyo, rom mosalodnel safrTxes arad agdebda da nebismieri
gansacdelis dasaxvedrad mzad iyo. samSoblos Tavisuflebis Tav-
dadebisTvis dagrovilma gancdam da sazogadoebis udidesi nawilis
erTobam xalxSi yovelgvari SiSi gaaqro da xalxi mzad iyo, laRad
Sexvedroda msoflios yvelaze jalaT armias, Tumca konkretulad
ras moimoqmedebda es ukanaskneli, amaze msjeloba ar mimdinareobda.
9 aprilis sabediswero moments mxolod saaTi gvaSorebda.
mTavrobis saxlis mimdebare teritoria ki xalxs veRar itevda.
miuxedavad gadaRlisa, gviani Ramisa da moaxloebuli safrTxisa,
adgilidan daZvrazec ki aravin ar fiqrobda... aseT viTarebaSi mobr-
Zanda misi uwmidesoba aqciaze.
aucileblad unda iTqvas, rom swored misi uwmidesoba iyo da
aris 80-iani wlebis erovnuli moZraobis safuZvlis Camyreli. misi
uwmidesobis udidesi damsaxurebaa, rom erovnuli idea da moZraobis
ZiriTadi birTvi swored sionis ezoSi da taZris sakurTxevelSi
Camoyalibda. misi uwmidesobis qmedebebi, epistoleebi da qadagebebi
mxolod sulieri datvirTvis matarebeli ar aris, maTSi qarTveli
120
kacis cxovrebis wesis gansazRvra, zneobriobis tradiciuli safuZ-
vlebi da saxelmwifoebriobis mTavari Rirebulebebicaa warmodgeni-
li. faqtobrivad, swored es aspeqtebi iqca orientirebad erovnuli
moZraobis moqmedebisTvis.
metad sainteresoa is garemoeba, rac ufalTan da qarTvel erTan
misi uwmidesobis mistikur saubars gulisxmobs. am erTi SexedviT
rTulad aRsaqmeli movlenis TvalsaCino magaliTia 1987 wels, az-
virTebuli erovnuli moZraobis dros, saqarTvelos eklesiis mier
ilia WavWavaZis wmindanad Seracxva. RvTis gangebulebiTa da pa-
triarqis RvawliT amqveynad aRsrulebuli didi mistikuri aqti
biZgis mimcemi gaxda imisTvis, raTa erovnuli moZraobis ideuri
suliskveTeba wm. ilia marTlis ideebs dafuZneboda. wmida sinodis
ganCinebis Sesaxeb sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZris ambionidan
qadagebaSi misma uwmidesobam brZana: `... RvTis gangebiT mogvevlina
ilia, rogorc winaswarmetyveli da mqadagebeli, rogorc „xma mRaRa-
debeli udabnosa Sina“, sityva marTali da WeSmariti, raTa bibliur
mosesaviT aeRo mowamebrivi tvirTi eris winamZRvrisa. misi genia,
misi saocari nebisyofa mironcxebuli da Sinaganad momzadebuli aR-
moCnda am istoriuli misiisaTvis. TiTqos iliaze ganmeorda ieremia
winaswarmetyvelisadmi Tqmuli uflis sityvebi: „vidre gamoxvidodi
Sen saSodan, me gangwmide Sen, winaswarmetyvelad xalxTa dagadgine
Sen“ (ieremia 1,4-5). man itvirTa jvari sruliad saqarTvelosi da
Seudga golgoTis aRmarTs~ da mimarTa axalgazrdebs: “SevsTxov
wmida ilia marTals, iyos aw da maradis gamorCeulad mfarveli Cve-
ni axalgazrdobisa, Cveni studentobisa. amieridan Cveni axalgazrdo-
ba mimarTavs mas gansakuTrebuli locviT, da wmida ilia marTalic
RvTis winaSe misi meoxi iqneba~.
urTulesia CvenTvis am movlenis mTeli sisavsiT aRqma, magram
cxadia, rom swored am faqtma da misi uwmidesobis mier Sesabamis
dros da Sesabamisi mzaobis viTarebaSi gakeTebulma mowodebam ero-
vnuli moZraoba gadaiyvana ZiriTad sistemur ideebze (gaviTvaliswi-
noT, rom am droisTvis sabWoTa sistema jer kidev myarad idga).misma
121
uwmidesobam mTeli sidiadiT da sisworiT dagvanaxa wmida vaxtang
gorgasali, wmida daviT aRmaSenebeli, wmida grigol xanZTeli... maTi
moRvaweoba da xedvebi gaxada Cveni sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis mTa-
var faseulobebad. `samSoblos~ cneba da misi msaxureba sakralur
cnebaTa rangSi, anu, absoluturi, Seuvali da araferze ar daxurda-
vebadi Rirebulebis doneze aiyvana. yvelanairad xels gviwyobda, rom
swori gziT wavsuliyaviT. mivyavdiT uflisken da imavdroulad, is
gaxda CvenTvis sulieri mekavSire Cvens warsulTan, saqarTvelos me-
feebTan da patriarqebTan, wminda mamebTan da Tavdadebul mamuliSvi-
lebTan. gvagrZnobina warsulis sunTqva da suliskveTeba, dagvafiqra
awmyoze da mogvca momavlis imedi. man axlad gagvaazrebina saqar-
Tvelos sakacobrio mniSvneloba. Cven gvqonda SesaZlebloba axlo
urTierToba gvqonoda masTan da gvqonda iseTi gancda, rom misi sa-
xiT aramarto moqmed patriarqs, aramed cocxal mravalaTaswlovan
saqarTvelos istoriasvexebodiT.
misma uwmidesobam aTeisturi, warmarTuli da gzaabneuli ̀ sabWo-
Ta xalxi~ morwmune adamianebad gvaqcia. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Ti-
To-TiTod Segvkriba taZarSi. yvela gadaarCina vinc ufalma misca.
uSurvelad gascemda uflisgan boZebul siTbosa da energias da
piradi cxovrebiT gvaCvenebda Tu rogor SeiZleba adamiani giy-
vardes da masSi codva gZuldes, iyo adamianebTan rbili, Tbili da
keTili da amavdroulad, maTTan saqmeSi principuli, mtkice da Seu-
vali. misi uwmidesoba yvelafers akeTebda imisTvis, rom qarTveli
eris istoriaSi is sicariele amovsebuliyo, aRmdgariyo is wyveta,
romelic saqarTveloSi bolSevikebis Semosvlidan mis aRsaydre-
bamde arsebobda. patriarqi Tavad gaxda xidi warsuls, awmyosa
da momavals Soris. igi ara marto moqmedi patriarqi iyo, aramed
mravalaTaswlovan saqarTvelos istoriisa da saxelmwifoebriobis
uwyvetobis gamomxatveli cocxali simbolo.
uwmidesic yovelTvis iq idga, sadac eris sulieri mama unda md-
gariyo. rodesac 1989 wlis 9 aprils gamTeniisas patriarqis aqcia-
ze mobrZanebaze vsaubrobT, unda aRvniSnoT, rom patriarqs erovnuli
122
moZraobis mier organizebul aqciebTan kavSiri wina periodebSic
hqonda da igi 1988 wlis noembris aqcias ukavSirdeboda:
1988 wlis 22 noembers, wm. giorgis xsenebis wina dRes, maSin-
deli mTavrobis saxlis win SimSilobis aqcia daiwyo. mimdinare
aqciis mopirdapire mxares, qaSueTis wmida giorgis taZarSi, mwuxris
locvaze misi uwmidesoba mobrZanda. gancxadeba ar gaukeTebia, magram
aqciis monawileebs sanTlebi da locvanni gamogvigzavna. Semdeg
yoveldRe agzavnida sasuliero pirebs, raTa moSimSileebi ziarebu-
liyvnen. maRali ierarqebi da moZRvrebi aqciis msvlelobis dros
ixdidnen parakliss, qadagebdnen da piradi saubrebiT amxnevebdnen
xalxs. eklesiisa da misi uwmidesobis aseTi moqmedeba aRqmuli iyo
rogorc aqciis arapirdapiri dalocva; ufro metic, unda iTqvas, rom
aman SimSilobas (sufTa politikur qmedebas) siRrmiseuli sulieri
datvirTva misca da igi mZime marxvis formad aqcia.
amitomac iyo, rom 1988 wlis noembris aqcia, SimSilobis formiT
ganxorcielebuli erTaderTi masStaburi aqcia, romlis Sewyvetaze
uwmidess locva-kurTxeva ar gaucia, yovelmxriv warmatebuli aR-
moCnda: dakmayofilda aqciis umTavresi mizani. sabWoTa kavSiris
xelmZRvanelobis mcdeloba _ mokavSire respublikebisaTvis ssrk
konstituciiT qaRaldze moniWebuli ufleba ssrk-idan saqarTve-
los gasvlisa arsebiTad aekrZalaT _ marcxiT damTavrda. aseve,
aqciis maqsimaluri interesi, qarTveli eris konsolidireba momx-
dariyo da saqarTvelos damoukideblobis sakiTxi Riad dasmuliyo,
ganxorcielda. SimSilobis eqvsi dRe gavida. yvelasaTvis cnobili
iyo, rom aqcia 29 noembers sayovelTao didi erToblivi mitingiT
unda damTavrebuliyo. amitom yovelmxriv cdilobdnen, aeZulebinaT
aqciis organizatorebi da monawileebi, aqcias Rame SeewyvitaT. Se-
sabamisad, 28 noembris Rame fsiqologiurad yvelaze mZime da daZ-
abuli aRmoCnda. erTi mxriv, aqciis dasaSineblad qalaqSi samxedro
teqnikam daiwyo manevrebi, meores mxriv ki xelisuflebis, zogierTi
politikuri Zalisa da sazogadoebriobis garkveulma warmomadgen-
lebma, erovnuli moZraobis gasatexad, fsiqozis Seqmna scades. aseT
123
viTarebaSi, aqciaze misvlisa bevr politikossa da cnobil pirovne-
bas SeeSinda, bevrma Tavidan aicila misvlis pasuxismgebloba. samagi-
erod, gvian RamiT aqciaze misi uwmidesoba mobrZanda. am qmedebiT man,
faqtobrivad, daZabuli viTareba gadatexa da provokaciebic Sewyda.
aqciis monawileebisTvis sityviT ar moumarTavs, vidre safrTxe
arsebobda, moSimSileTa Soris mdumared idga. darwmunda ra aqciis
monawileTa usafrTxoebaSi, dalocaisini da wabrZanda.
1988 wlis 29 noembris mitingi, romelSic saqarTveloSi arse-
buli yvela politikuri Zala, sazogadoeba da individualurad, ro-
gorc Cveni qveynis Svilebi, kompartiisa da komkavSiris funqcioneri
wevrebi, saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sxvadasxva eTnosis warmomadgenle-
bi monawileobdnen, qarTvelTa erTobis dRed iqca. umaRlesi sabWos
sesia iZulebuli gaxda, qarTuli sazogadoebis moTxovna gaeTval-
iswinebina.
28 noembris Rames da 9 aprils gamTeniisas patriarqis qmedeba
aqciaze imis Tqmis uflebas gvaZlevs, rom mis uwmidesobas safrTx-
eebisa da viTarebis zusti Sefasebis unikaluri unari aqvs.
Tavidanve aRsaniSnavia erTi mniSvnelovani garemoeba, sakavSiro
da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis Semadgeneli jgufebis erTmaneTTan
Zalauflebisa da gavlenisTvis samkvdro-sasicocxlo dapirispire-
bis pirobebSi, rac saqarTvelos politikur cxovrebaze did gav-
lenas axdenda da am jgufebis saqarTvelos damoukideblobisa da
Tavisuflebis mimarT erTiani xisti poziciis gamo saqarTvelos ka-
Tolikos-patriarqi maTTvis miuRebeli figura iyo da yvelanairad
zRudavdnen mis sazogadoebriv aqtiurobas. CvenTvis misi mobrZaneba
aqciaze cota moulodnelic ki iyo: mogviwia yofna mis uwmidesobas-
Tan rezidenciaSi 8 aprilis SuaRamemde (garkveuli jgufis mxridan
iyo mcdeloba, mis winaaRmdeg seriozuli provokacia ganxorciele-
buliyo, es saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis Zalian mniSvnelovani
epizodia, magram am werilis Tema ar aris) mosalodneli safrTxis
Sesaxeb mas ar usaubria, rogorc Cans, im dromde ar hqonda Sesabam-
isi informacia. zemoT aRniSnul romelime jgufis warmomadgenels
124
misi uwmidesoba cota adre rom Caeyenebina saqmis realur viTare-
baSi da mas hqonoda samoqmedo dro, didi albaTobiT, movlenebis
ganviTarebis Secvla SesaZlebeli iqneboda.
davubrundeT isev 9 aprils, gamTeniis, roca uamravi adamiani
gulanTebuli da Seupovari yovelgvari gansacdelis misaRebad mzad
iyo, swored am dros mobrZanda misi uwmidesoba rusTaveliis gam-
zirze da aqciis monawileebs sityviT mimarTa. vinc 1988 wlis
noembris aqciaze patriarqis moqmedebis Sesaxeb icoda, misTvis uw-
midesis gamosvla da gansakuTrebiT sityvebi _ safrTxe realuria!~
_ Zalian mZime mosasmeni iyo.MTumca, aqciis monawileTa mxridan,
romelTac gulwrfelad (da ara egzaltaciis gamo, rogorc zo-
gierTebs surT warmoaCinon) miaCndaT, rom RvTisa da eris winaSe
Tavis movaleobas asrulebdnen, gaazrebuli da SeTanxmebuli gad-
awyvetilebis Secvla drois simcirisa da daZabulobis pirobebSi
SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda. qaSueTis eklesiis ezoSi gadasvlazeAaqciis
monawileebma uari ganacxades. M
es ar iyo sulieri mamis mimarT daumorCilebloba anda upa-
tivcemloba. es, ufro, TavganwirvisTvis mzadmyofi mebrZolebis su-
liskveTebas warmoadgenda. Tvlidnen, rom misi uwmidesoba, rogorc
mzrunveli mama, asrulebda Tavis movaleobas _ maTi sicocxlisa
da janmrTelobis dacvas cdilobda, xolo isini mzad iyvnen Tavisi
movaleobis Sesasruleblad _ Tvalis dauxamxameblad gaewiraT si-
cocxle samSoblos dasacavad,
misi uwmidesoba, rogorc eris mamas da WeSmarit liders unda
axasiaTebdes, am umZimes wuTebSic inarCunebda simSvides da sxvebsac
amisken mouwodebda. mimarTvis Semdeg rusTavelis gamzirze dumili
Camowva. Mmisi uwmidesoba cdilobda, Seqmnili viTarebis kidev erTx-
el gaaanalizeba da optimaluri gadawyvetilebis miReba momxdariyo.
Mmagram aqciis monawileebi sxvadasxva garemoebis gamo politikuri
manevris ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobas moklebulni iyvnen.
darbevis dawyebamde ramdenime wuTiT adre xelisuflebis warmo-
madgenlebma patriarqs molaparakebis sababiT Sexvedra sTxoves. misi
125
uwmidesoba aqciidan (mTavrobis saxlis wina kibeebidan) policiis
kordons iqiT, mTavrobis saxlis TaRebian sivrceSi gahyva maT. mas-
Tan erTad iyvnen misi Tanmxlebi sasuliero pirebi da am werilis
avtori. oficialurma pirebma mosalaparakeblad SenobaSi Sesvla
SesTavazes. uwmidesma am winadadebaze uari ganacxada. drois sim-
ciris gamo saswrafo gadawyvetileba iyo misaRebi, vinaidan aqciis
darbevis dawyeba yovel wams iyo mosalodneli.
patriarqma umZimesi situaciidan gamosvlis povnis bolo mcde-
lobas mimarTa: man xelisuflebas SesTavaza, rom umjobesi iqneboda
isini Tavad Camosuliyvnen qveviT da Semdeg erTad gadasuliyvnen
qaSueTis eklesiaSi mosalaparakeblad. patriarqis aseTi mcdeloba
miznad isaxavda movlenaTa epicentris taZris ezoSi gadatanas. Tu
xelisufleba da patriarqi qaSueTis taZarSi iqnebodnen, Sesabamisad,
es gamoiwvevda aqciis monawileTa qaSueTisken bunebriv gadanacvle-
bas. Mmolaparakebaze gamosuli piri Sevida SenobaSi da maleve ukan
dabrunda. patriarqis winadadebaze man dadebiTi pasuxi ver gasca
(visTan iyo es gadawyvetileba SeTanxmebuli, ar uTqvams). cota
xnis Semdeg, roca patriarqi darwmunda, rom misma bolo mcdelobam
Sedegi ar gamoiRo, xeliT gaswia mis win mdgomi xelisuflebis war-
momadgeneli, romelsac misi Sekaveba undoda, gaarRvia miliciis kor-
doni (milicielebma ver Sehkadres uwmidess winaaRmdegobis gaweva)
da moSimSileebTan dabrunda. igi aqciis monawileebTan erTad dadga,
rogorc erT-erTi rigiTi jariskaci qarTuli laSqrisa. daZabulo-
bis pikis miuxedavad, arc televiziasTan gamarTuli aqcia gamorCenia
mxedvelobidan da locva-kurTxeva mogvca mis mimdinareobasTan da-
kavSirebiT. rodesac darbeva daiwyo, aqciis monawileebma da xelisu-
flebamac, bunebrivia, yvelaferi gaakeTes, raTa patriarqi uvneblad
gaeyvanaT saSiSi teritoriidan.
Zneli saTqmelia, ramdenad Seicvleboda qveyanaSi arsebuli vi-
Tareba, misi uwmidesobis mcdelobebs rom dahyoloda xalxi, an
Semdeg rogor ganviTardeboda procesebi. danamdvilebiT da mkafiod
ki SeiZleba erTi ram iTqvas: misi uwmidesobis saxiT ers hyavs
126
lideri, romelic umZimes wuTebSic ki inarCunebs wonasworobasa
da simSvides, iTvaliswinebs yvela detals da zrunavs TiToeul
adamianze. mas urTules situaciaSic ki ar tovebs saRi azri, bolo
wamamde momarTulia problemis mogvarebaze da ara umoqmedobis
gasamarTleblad sababis moZebnaze _ „situacias me mainc ver Sevcv-
li“, „Cemze damokidebuli ar aris“, „Cemze ras ityvian“ da ase Semdeg
da ase amgvarad. roca gadamwyveti momentebi dgeba, igiAarad agdebs
pirad avtoritetsa Tu Tavmoyvareobas da iqceva ise, rogorc qar-
Tul saqmes sWirdeba.
9 aprilis umZimes wuTebSi misi uwmidesobis mier ganxorciele-
buli qmedeba xsnis aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi mosaxleobaSi misi
uryevi maRali avtoritetis saidumlos arss _ sxvis gadasarCenad
sakuTari Tavisa da avtoritetis argafrTxileba gaxda misi uw-
midesobis maRali avtoritetis mTavari safuZveli. keTili saqmis
warmatebiT damTavrebisTvis, saxelmwifoebrivi interesebis dacvisT-
vis da, Tundac, erTi adamianis gadarCenisa da misi swori gziT warm-
arTvisaTvis mas SeuZlia sakuTari avtoritetis aradCagdeba; iseve,
rogorc sakuTari personis wina planze arwarmoCinebis Tviseba
gaxda safuZveli misi gamorCeulobisa.
9 aprilis Semdeg patriarqi kidev ufro aqtiurad gverdiT
edga xalxs da SeZlebisdagvarad cdilobda swori mimarTuleba
mieca momxdari movlenis Sefasebisa da damoukideblobisa da Tavi-
suflebisTvis brZolis saqmisTvis. imavdroulad, iRvwvoda samSob-
losaTvis SewirulTa jerovani pativis migebisa da maTi ojaxebis
tragediis Sesamsubuqeblad. aucileblad unda aRvniSnoT, rom am
25 wlis ganmavlobaSi erTxelac ar wamoscdenia, miniSnebac ki ar
hqonia _ „dagejerebinaT CemTvis“ an „Cemi azri rom gageTvalis-
winebinaT, msxverpli SeiZleba naklebi yofiliyo“ da sxva, rac misi
didbunebovnebis kidev erTi gamovlinebaa.
es da sxva faqtebi cxadyofs, rom misi uwmidesoba Tavisi didi
rwmeniT, locvis madliT, simtkiciT, sulieri funqciiTa da saxel-
mwifoebriv cxovrebaSi monawileobiT mudam sazogadoebriv-poli-
127
tikuri cxovrebis avangardSi iyo da aris. Bbevrad ganapiroba misi
uwmidesobisa da saqarTvelos eklesiis qmedebebma sanukvari miznis
_ saqarTvelos damoukideblobis mopovebis _ ganxorcieleba.
saqarTvelos patriarqis mzera yovelTvis mimarTulia moma-
vlisken. dRes ukve axali amocanebia gadasaWreli. saqarTvelos ka-
Tolikos-patriarqi cxovrebis amaRlebul miznebs usaxavs TiToeul
adamiansa da mTlianad sazogadoebas. farTo masStabiT amkvidrebs
erSi suliersa da zneobriv-moralur Rirebulebebs, jansaR erovnul
tradiciebs, qarTuli cxovrebis wesis maRal standartebs. dRes
swored igi warmoadgens erTiani erovnuli cnobierebis dacvisa da
saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da qarTveli eris TviTmyofadobas Sen-
arCunebis garants.
misi uwmidesoba Tavisi axali mowodebiT _ RmerTi, samSoblo, _ RmerTi, samSoblo,
adamiani adamiani _ miiswrafvis, raTa gaTiTokacebuli qarTuli sazogado-
ebaTavisi uflebebisa da movaleobebis mcodne da damcvel Tavisufal
pirovnebaTa erTobad ixilos, aqcios igi erTian Sekrul mrevlad,
romelic mis winaSe mdgar Tanamedrove gamowvevebsa da problemebs
RvTis SewevniT aucileblad dasZlevs.
128
vaxtang gurulivaxtang guruli
gardaqmna da sabWoTa kavSiris daSlagardaqmna da sabWoTa kavSiris daSla
1991 wlis 8 dekembers msoflios istoriaSi umniSvnelovanesi
movlena moxda: arseboba Sewyvita zesaxelmwifom – sabWoTa social-sabWoTa social-
isturi respublikebis kavSirmaisturi respublikebis kavSirma. msoflios politikuri rukidan
sabWoTa kavSiris gaqroba TavisTavad erTmniSvnelovan movlenas ar
warmoadgenda. praqtikulad, adgili hqonda or erTmaneTTan dakav-
Sirebul, magram amave dros gansxvavebul movlenas: sabWoTa politi-
kuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri, ideologiuri sistemis msxvrevas da
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlas damoukidebel, suverenul saxelmwifoebad.
orive movlena drosa da sivrceSi erTdroulad ganviTarda. swored
amiT iyo gapirobebuli is, rom uzarmazari samxedro-ekonomikuri
potencialis mqone da Tavisi hegemonisturi bunebiT cnobili ze-
saxelmwifo didi sisxlisRvrisa da omebis gareSe daiSala.
dasavluri samyaros (dasavleT evropis qveynebis, amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis) brZola sabWoTa saxelmwifos (sabWoTa
ruseTis _ sabWoTa kavSiris) winaaRmdeg ramdenime periods moicavs.
1917-1941 wlebSi dasavluri samyaro brZolis formebad iyenebda
sabWoTa xelisuflebis arcnobas, qveynis SigniT antisabWoTa Zalebis
mxardaWerasa da samxedro intervencias, ekonomikur blokadas, dan-
arCeni msofliosagan sabWoTa kavSiris izolacias. es brZola uSe-
degod dasrulda. 1941-1945 wlebSi dasavluri samyaro ori miznis
miRwevas eswrafoda: germaniisa da misi mokavSireebis damarcxebasa
da sabWoTa kavSiris maqsimalurad dasustebas. 1945-1985 wlebSi
dasavluri samyaros, romlis lideroba meore msoflio omis Semd-
gom upirobod igdo xelT amerikis SeerTebulma Statebma, strate-
gia aseTi iyo: sabWoTa kavSiris daSla unda dawyebuliyo sabWoTa
politikuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri da ideologiuri sistemebis
msxvreviT. 1985–1991 wlebSi dasavlurma samyarom ukve mopovebuli
129
warmatebebiT isargebla da sabWoTa sistemis likvidaciis, sabWoTa
kavSiris daSlis kompleqsuri (sistemuri) programa aamoqmeda. ase
daiwyo „gardaqmnagardaqmna““ („(„ПерестройкаПерестройка“) – sabWoTasabWoTa sistemissistemis likvidacialikvidacia
dada sabWoTasabWoTa kavSiriskavSiris daSladaSla.
* * *
1985 wels dawyebuli „gardaqmna“ (sabWoTa sistemis likvi-
daciisa da sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis kompleqsuri programa),
romlis formaluri ideologoba mixeilmixeil gorbaCovsgorbaCovs xvda wilad,
ar yofila sabWoTa kavSiris politikur xelmZRvanelobaSi, qvey-
nis politikur elitaSi momwifebuli azris Sedegi. “gardaqmna”
sabWoTa kavSiris farglebs gareT (dasavlur samyaroSi) daige-
gma da mis mimdinareobaze kontroli qveynis garedanve xor-
cieldeboda. sabWoTasabWoTa kavSiriskavSiris politikuripolitikuri dada samxedrosamxedro elita,elita,
mTlianobaSimTlianobaSi aRebuli,aRebuli, imdenadimdenad uunarouunaro aRmoCndaaRmoCnda, romrom „gardaqmnisgardaqmnis““
saboloosaboloo mizanimizani verver amoicnoamoicno. mixeil gorbaCovis mier deklar-
irebuli „gardaqmna“ qveynis politikurma da samxedro elitam
xruSCov-breJnevis epoqis cnobil populistur RonisZiebebs
Seadara da garkveulwilad ironiiTac ki Sescqeroda emociebiT
datvirTul mixeil gorbaCovis gamosvlebs. Tavdapirvelad ise
Canda, rom am gamosvlebSi sagangaSoze bevrad meti saanekdoto
masala iyo. Tumca ase mxolod erTi SexedviT Canda. „gardaqmnis“
gegma ar iTvaliswinebda saboloo miznebis (sabWoTa sistemis
likvidaciisa da sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis) Tavidanve gacxade-
bas. „gardaqmna“ daiwyo XX saukunis 20–30-ian wlebSi Camoyal-
ibebuli e. w. „administraciuladministraciul-mbrZaneblurimbrZanebluri sistemissistemis““ kritikiT,
politikuri represiebis dagmobiT (nikita xruSCovis sayvareli
Temebi), ekonomikis ganviTarebis daCqarebis, xarisxobrivi maCven-
eblis gaumjobesebis, socialuri problemebis gadaWris, gania-
raRebis moTxovniT (leonid breJnevis sayvareli Temebi). Semdeg
popularuli gaxda lozungi, romelic socializmisaTvis „adami-adami-
130
anurianuri saxissaxis““ micemas moiTxovda. am lozungis arsSi seriozulad
garkveva arc aravis ucdia. daiwyo imisi ostaturi propaganda,
rom kerZo seqtoris waxalisebis, mravalpartiulobis damkvidre-
bis, aRmosavleT evropis daTmobis, msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis
(magaliTad, avRaneTis) Sinaur saqmeebSi samxedro–politikuri
Carevis Sewyvetis sanacvlod SenarCunebuli iqneboda zesaxelm-
wifo _ sabWoTa kavSiri. xruSCov-breJnevis epoqaSi formirebu-
li sabWoTa politikuri da samxedro elita imdenad ususuri
aRmoCnda, rom mosalodneli safrTxe ver SeniSna, ver gaacnobi-
era elementaruli WeSmariteba: sabWoTa sistemis likvidaciis sabWoTa sistemis likvidaciis
SemTxvevaSi TviT sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobas seriozuli sa-SemTxvevaSi TviT sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobas seriozuli sa-
frTxe emuqrebodafrTxe emuqreboda. „gardaqmnis“ ideologebi, erTi mxriv, sabWoTa
politikuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri da ideologiuri sistemis
ngreviT SeSfoTebul politikur da samxedro elitas sabWoTa
kavSiris SenarCunebis garantias aZlevdnen, xolo, meore mxriv,
mokavSire respublikebSi sul ufro mzard erovnul moZraobas
farulad „sabWoTa imperiis“ ngrevisaken mouwodebdnen.
mixeil gorbaCovma erT-erT Tavis gamosvlaSi leonid breJnevis
mmarTvelobis periods (1964–1982 ww.) „uZraobisuZraobis““ wlebi uwoda. mix-
eil gorbaCovs politikuri mosazrebiT ar uTqvams, rom „uZraobisuZraobis““
da Tanac „didididi uZraobisuZraobis““ periodi daiwyo ara 1964 wlidan, aramed
gacilebiT adre da igi erTnairad exeboda rogorc nikita xruSCovis
(1953-1964 ww.), ise leonid breJnevis (1964-1982 ww.) mmarTvelobis
periodebs. procesi Seuqcevadi iyo da igi gagrZelda 1982-1985 wleb-
Sic (iuri andropovisa da konstantine Cernenkos mmarTvelobis peri-
odSi) anu im periodSi, romelsac „katafalkebiTkatafalkebiT rbolasrbolas““ uwodebenuwodeben.
sabWoTa sistemis ngrevisa da sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis ten-
denciebma Tavi iCina jer kidev ioseb stalinis mmarTvelobis
periodSi. am tendenciebis Sesaxeb imxanad aravin saubrobda. ase-
Ti ganwyobileba gagrZelda ioseb stalinis sikvdilis (1953 w.)
Semdegac. ioseb stalinis mier Seqmnil sistemas stabilurobis
ramdenime sartyeli hqonda, ris gamoc misi erTi SeteviT, erT-
131
baSad mospoba warmoudgeneli iyo. stabilurobis TiToeuli sar-
tyeli cal-calke unda daZleuliyo. es imas niSnavda, rom mTeli
sistemis sabolood mospobas didi dro dasWirdeboda. iosebioseb
stalinisstalinis miermier SeqmniliSeqmnili sistemissistemis stabilurobisstabilurobis ukanaskneliukanaskneli sar-sar-
tyelityeli moispomoispo miwismiwis gayidvisgayidvis dakanonebiTdakanonebiT. es ki ruseTSi XX da
XXI saukuneTa mijnaze moxda, anu sistemis ngreva daaxloebiT
50 weli gagrZelda.
nikita xruSCovis moRvaweobis arsi gamoixateboda SemdegSi: sx-sx-
vadasxvavadasxva garemoebis wyalobiTgaremoebis wyalobiT mopovebulimopovebuli ZalauflebisaZalauflebisa dada ze-ze-
saxelmwifossaxelmwifos marTvismarTvis sadaveebissadaveebis SenarCunebaSenarCuneba. yovelive es kargad
Cans 1953–1956 wlebSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis Suqze: lavrenti
berias mkvleloba, Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosa da saxelmwifo uSiS-
roebis saministros xelmZRvanel muSakTa (ministrebi, moadgileebi,
sammarTveloebis ufrosebi) ganadgureba moskovsa da mokavSire res-
publikebSi; ioseb stalinis momxreebis e.w. „antipartiuli jgufis“
ganadgureba; mokavSire respublikebis politikuri xelmZRvanelobis
Secvla; sakadro cvlilebebi armiasa da flotSi da sxv.
nikita xruSCoviseulma „daTbobamdaTbobam“ niadagi moumzada mixeil
gorbaCoviseul „gardaqmnasgardaqmnas““, nikita xruSCovma Caatara eqsperimenti,
romelmac pasuxi gasca kiTxvebs: 1) ramdeni weli SeiZleba gasta-
nos zesaxelmwifoSi „mmarTvelobiTma absurdma“; 2) ramdeni weli
SeiZleba takimasxaram gaumarTlebeli, gauazrebeli eqsperimentebiT
gegmazomierad angrios zesaxelmwifo. dRes am kiTxvaze Cven Segvi-
Zlia zusti pasuxi gavceT: aTiaTi weliweli.
„daTbobisa“ da „gardaqmnis“ periodebis Sedarebisas yuradRe-
bas ipyrobs erTi garemoeba: mixeil gorbaCovs gverdSi edga kargad
organizebuli, udaod niWieri da ganaTlebuli adamianebis jgufi,
nikita xruSCovi ki „mmarTvelobiT absurdSi“ praqtikulad mar-
todmarto moqmedebda. dRes Cven ver vupasuxebT metad mniSvnelo-
van kiTxvas: sabWoTa sistemis likvidaciasa da sabWoTa kavSiris
daSlaSi vis ekuTvnis pirveloba – mixeil gorbaCovs Tu nikita
xruSCovs? Tumca am kiTxvas 1964 wels garkveulwilad upasuxa
132
oTxmocdaaTi wlis uinston CerCilma: „amJamad cocxalia adamiani,
romelmac sabWoTa qveyanas imaze 1000-jer meti ziani miayena, vidre
me. esaa nikita xruSCovi. modiT, taSi davukraT mas!“
nikita xruSCovis moRvaweobis Sefasebisas aucilebelia dais-
vas kiTxva: XX saukunis 50-iani wlebis damdegis politikurma da
samxedro elitam rogor dauSva ioseb stalinis Semdeg zesaxelmwi-
fos politikuri xelmZRvanelobis saTaveSi iseTi medrovis mosvla,
rogoric nikita xruSCovi iyo? mTeli pasuxismgebloba ekisreba
politikur da samxedro elitas, im politikosebs da samxedroebs,
romelTac 1953 wels nikita xruSCovi imave motiviT gaapirvelkac-
es, ra motiviTac 1613 wels ruseTis saerobo krebam mefed airCia
yvela kandidats Soris uaresi – axalgazrda, magram ukve fiziku-
rad dauZlurebuli (gadaadgileba uWirda) da gonebasusti mixeil
romanovi. ioseb stalini ise gardaicvala, rom sabWoTa kavSirSi ar
arsebula saxelmwifo xelisuflebis cvlis meqanizmi. konstitucia
faratina qaRalds warmoadgenda; yvela donis arCevnebi (maT Soris
umaRlesi sakanonmdeblo organosic) maskaradad iyo qceuli; ze-
saxelmwifo konstituciisa da kanonebis gverdiT avliT imarTeboda;
umaRles sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis organoe-
bze, yvela kanonze da konstituciaze maRla idga erTi adamianis
neba. yovelive aman ganapiroba is, rom iosebioseb stalinisstalinis gardacvalebisgardacvalebis
SemdegSemdeg daiwyodaiwyo xelisuflebisaTvisxelisuflebisaTvis brZolabrZola, romelicromelic arafriTarafriT arar iyoiyo
reglamentirebulireglamentirebuli. eses iyoiyo „brZolabrZola wesebiswesebis gareSe“gareSe“.
ioseb stalinis gardacvalebis Semdeg xelisuflebisTvis daw-
yebul “wesebis gareSe brZolaSi” nikita xruSCovs SemTxveviT ar
gaumarjvia. jer kidev ioseb stalinis sicocxlis bolo wlebSi
sabWoTa kavSiris politikur da samxedro elitaSi, qveynis politi-
kur xelmZRvanelobaSi momwifda azri, romelic SeiZleba Semdenai-
rad gamoixatos: : `ioseb stalinis mmarTvelobis dasasruli ar unda `ioseb stalinis mmarTvelobis dasasruli ar unda
gamxdariyo lavrenti berias mmarTvelobis dasawyisi~. gamxdariyo lavrenti berias mmarTvelobis dasawyisi~. sabWoTa kav-
Siris politikuri xelmZRvanelobis saTaveSi ormocdacameti wlis
lavrenti berias mosvla imas niSnavda, rom kremlSi qarTvelTa
133
batonoba kidev didxans gagrZeldeboda.
nikita xruSCovis „mmarTvelobiTi absurdis“ periodis (1953–
1964 ww.) mTavari uaryofiTi Sedegi mainc is iyo, rom daiwyo
sabWoTa sistemis, sabWoTa kavSiris TviTkomprometaciis procesi.
am procesis dawyeba umTavresad gapirobebuli iyo ara dasavluri
samyaros specsamsaxurebis mizanswrafuli moqmedebebiT, aramed
pirvel rigSi, piradad nikita xruSCovis, qveynis politikuri xe-
lmZRvanelobis da imdroindeli politikuri da samxedro elitis
ugunuri, antisaxelmwifoebrivi moRvaweobiT. am ugnurebis erT-
erT gamovlinebas warmoadgenda is, rom ekonomikisa da social-
ur urTierTobaTa sferoSi, grZelvadiani programebis SemuSavebis
procesSi, ugulebelyofili iyo mecnierebis roli.
1964 wlis oqtomberSi ganxorcielebuli gadatrialebis Se-
degad sabWoTa kavSiris politikuri xelmZRvanelobis saTaveSi
leonid breJnevileonid breJnevi movida. iseve, rogorc 1953 wels, 1964 welsac
adgili hqonda `brZolas wesebis gareSe~. xelisuflebis gadacemis
konstituciuri meqanizmi kvlavac ar arsebobda. nikita xruSCovis
winaaRmdeg SeTqmulebaSi monawileoba leonid breJnevis mxridan
Zalian gabedul nabijs warmoadgenda. manamde igi ar gamoirCeoda
gansakuTrebuli aqtiurobiT, ar iyo gabeduli, riskiani adamiani.
sruliad bunebrivad ismis kiTxva: saerTod, ratom dadga leo-
nid breJnevis gapirvelkacebis sakiTxi? nikita xruSCovis ga-
dayenebas sakmaod gamocdili adamianebi amzadeben. maT kargad
icodnen, Tu ra araraobas warmoadgenda leonid breJnevi, Tumca
arCevani mainc masze SeaCeres. es ganpirobebuli iyo ori mizeziT:
Tu nikita xruSCovis winaaRmdeg mowyobili SeTqmuleba gamJRavn-
deboda, SeTqmulebi yvelafers leonid breJnevs gadaabralebdnen;
SeTqmulebis warmatebis SemTxvevaSi leonid breJnevi ki gapir-
velkacdeboda, magram, SeTqmulTa azriT, garkveuli periodis Sem-
deg misi Tavidan mocileba advili iqneboda.
marTalia, leonid breJnevi ar ganekuTvneboda Tanamdebobrivi daw-
inaurebisaTvis, xelisuflebisaTvis aqtiurad mebrZol adamianebs, magram
134
es imas sulac ar niSnavda, rom igi zedmiwevniT kargad ar flobda
xelisuflebisaTvis brZolis meTodebs. es codna leonid breJnevma
SesaniSnavad gamoiyena misive TanamebrZolebis qveynis politikuri xe-
lmZRZvanelobidan gandevnis procesSi. leonid breJnevi niWiT, poli-
tikosisaTvis aucilebeli alRoTi, gamocdilebiT, mizandasaxulobiT,
gabedulebiT bevrad Camouvardeboda nikita xruSCovs. leonidleonid breJnevsbreJnevs
arar hqondahqonda arcarc politikosispolitikosis, arcarc diplomatisdiplomatis, arcarc mxedarTmTavrismxedarTmTavris
niWiniWi. es iyo gaunaTlebeli adamiani. Tu yvela monacems gavaanalizebT,
cxadi gaxdeba, rom leonid breJnevi SeiZleboda yofiliyo sameurneo
xaziT – kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomare an qarxnis direqtori, partiuli
xaziT – skkp saqalaqo an raionuli komitetis mdivani. am Tanamdebobeb-
ze muSaobaSic mas didad SeuSlida xels ori uaryofiTi Tviseba –
sizarmace da loToba. Tu ioseb stalinis ocdaaTwliani mmarTvelobis
Semdgom SesaZlebeli gaxda nikita xruSCovisnairi uRirsis zesaxel-
mwifos politikuri xelmZRvanelobis saTaveSi mosvla, cxadia, arafe-
ria sakvirveli imaSi, rom nikita xruSCovis aTwliani „mmarTvelobiTimmarTvelobiTi
absurdisabsurdis“ Semdeg sabWoTa kavSirSi xelisuflebis saTaveSi aRmoCnda
kidev ufro uRirsi leonid breJnevi. nikitanikita xruSCovmaxruSCovma daamtkicadaamtkica, romrom
saxelmwifosaxelmwifo SeiZlebaSeiZleba sulelmacsulelmac marTosmarTos, leonidleonid breJnevmabreJnevma kiki daamtkicadaamtkica,
romrom saxelmwifosaxelmwifo SeiZlebaSeiZleba saerTodsaerTod arar marTomarTo...
leonid breJnevis mosvla qveynis politikuri xelmZRvanelo-
bis saTaveSi imas niSnavda, rom sabWoTa wyobilebis, sabWoTa kav-
Siris TviTkomprometaciisTviTkomprometaciis procesi kidev ufro gaRrmavdeboda da
Seuqcevadi gaxdeboda.
nikita xruSCovi garemocvisaTvis ase Tu ise umarTavi pirovneba
iyo, misi moqmedebis prognozireba Zneli gaxldaT. politikur da
samxedro elitas, umniSvnelovanes saxelmwifo da partiul Tanam-
debobebze myof adamianebs garantirebuli araferi hqondaT. leonid
breJnevs ki garemocva, ufro zustad klani, marTavda. klani qvey-
anas Zarcvavda da mxolod pirad keTildReobaze zrunavda. sabWoTa
kavSiris umaRles politikur xelmZRvanelobaSi klanuri mmarTv-
elobis damyarebas mohyva klanuri mmarTvelobis damyareba mokav-
135
Sire respublikebis xelmZRvanelobasa da ufro dabal rgolebSic
(olqebSi, qalaqebSi). klanebis Zalaufleba SeuzRudavi iyo rogorc
centrSi, ise adgilebze (respublikebSi, olqebSi, qalaqebSi). leonid
breJnevis klanis neba kanonze da TviT konstituciaze maRla idga.
ratom ar gauwia klanuri mmarTvelobis damyarebas winaaRmdegoba
sabWoTa kavSiris politikurma da samxedro elitam? nikita xruS-
Covis „mmarTvelobiTi qaosis“ aTwleulis Semdeg politikuri da
samxedro elita mSvid cxovrebas eswrafoda, klanuri mmarTveloba
ki swored mSvidi cxovrebis sawindari iyo. politikurmapolitikurma dada samx-samx-
edroedro elitamelitam saxelmwifossaxelmwifos interesebiinteresebi ugulvebelyougulvebelyo, uwyebrivuwyebriv anan
regionalurregionalur klanebSiklanebSi mokalaTdamokalaTda dada mSvidimSvidi cxovrebacxovreba daiwyodaiwyo. nikitanikita
xruSCoviseulixruSCoviseuli „mmarTvelobiTimmarTvelobiTi qaosiqaosi“ leonidleonid breJneviseulmabreJneviseulma „mS-mS-
vidmavidma mmarTvelobammmarTvelobam“ Secvala.
leonid breJnevis klanma gansakuTrebiT didi raodenobiT fu-
lis miTviseba XX saukunis 70-iani wlebis damdegidan daiwyo.
ekonomikis ngrevac am periodidan gansakuTrebiT Zlierdeba. klanur-klanur-
mama azrovnebamazrovnebam saerTodsaerTod CaklaCakla saxelmwifoebrivisaxelmwifoebrivi azrovneba.azrovneba. sabWoTa
kavSirSi Camoyalibeba daiwyo „CrdilovanmaCrdilovanma ekonomikamekonomikam“. Crdilovani
ekonomika nTqavda saxelmwifo ekonomikas, batonobda masze.
`Crdilovanma ekonomikam~ da saxelmwifo qonebis Zarcvam moSa-
la sabWoTa (saxelmwifo) ekonomika, korufciis damkvidrebam xeli-
suflebis yvela rgolSi (gansakuTrebiT _ Sinagan saqmeTa saminis-
tros, prokuraturasa da sasamarTlo sistemaSi) Ziri gamouTxara
socialur da politikur sistemas. leonid breJnevis mmarTvelobis
dasasrulisaTvis (XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis damdegs) sabWoTa
kavSirSi fufunebiT cxovrobda daaxloebiT 600 aTasi ojaxi (2,5-
3 milioni adamiani). yovelwliurad am ojaxebis mier moxmarebu-
li fulis saerTo raodenobaSi (100%) oficialuri SemosavliT
(xelfasiT) miRebuli fuli mxolod 1-3%-s udrida. am 600 aTasi
ojaxidan umravlesobas Seadgendnen e.w. nomenklaturuli muSakebi,
romlebic „Crdilovani ekonomikidan“ iRebdnen ukanono Semosavals,
an hqondaT sxva ukanono Semosavali.
136
cxadia, leonid breJnevi uZluri iyo Seeqmna xelisuflebis
Secvlis saimedo sistema. es sistema unda damyareboda sabWoTa
kavSiris konstitucias. xelisuflebis Secvlis saimedo, konsti-
tuciuri meqanizmis ararseboba leonid breJnevis sicocxlis bolo
wlebSi amwvavebda xelisuflebisaTvis brZolas. amis gamo leonid
breJnevis gardacvalebac saidumloebiTaa moculi.
leonid breJnevis politikuri memkvidre iuriiuri andropoviandropovi (1982-
1984 ww.) saidumloebiT mocul viTarebaSi movida sabWoTa kavSiris
politikur xelmZRvanelobaSi. 1967 wels leonid breJnevma, TviT
skkp centraluri komitetis politbiuros wevrebisaTvis moulod-
nelad, saswrafod, SeTiTxnili braldebiT Tanamdebobidan gaaTavisu-
fla sabWoTa kavSiris ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli saxelmwifo
uSiSroebis komitetis Tavmjdomare vv. semiCastnisemiCastni da mis nacvlad
iuri andropovi daniSna. leonid breJnevis gardacvalebis droi-
saTvis (1982 w.) iuri andropovs ukve didi avtoriteti hqonda.
man daZlia konkurent konstantine Cernenkosa da misi momxreebis
winaaRmdegoba da sabWoTa kavSiris politikuri xelmZRvanelobis
saTaveSi aRmoCnda. iuri andropovi iyo adamiani, romelic kargad
uTavsebda erTmaneTs garegnulgaregnul liberalizmsaliberalizmsa dada SinaganSinagan sisastikessisastikes.
1983 wlis ivnisSi skkp centraluri komitetis plenumze iuri
andropovma ganacxada: 1) saTanado doneze ar iyo Seswavlili sabWo-
Ta sazogadoeba, kerZod, am sazogadoebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli kanon-
zomierebani, gansakuTrebiT ekonomikuri, 2) yovelive zemoT Tqmuli
gaxda mizezi imisa, rom sabWoTa kavSiris politikuri xelmZRvan-
eloba moqmedebda empiriulad, araracionalurad, cdebiTa da Sec-
domebiT. iuri andropovis es sityvebi maSinve sxvadasxvagvarad iqna
gagebuli, eZebdnen qveteqsts. erT–erTi versiiT iuri andropovs
undoda eTqva: sabWoTa politikuri xelmZRvaneloba, sabWoTa ide-
ologia mecnierebs ar aZlevda saSualebas realurad, obieqturad
SeefasebinaT sabWoTa sistema, misi ganviTarebis kanonzomierebani da
miRweuli Sedegebi.
sabWoTa kavSiris politikuri xelmZRvanelobis saTaveSi mosu-
137
li iuri andropovi Tavisi xanmokle moRvaweobis manZilze erTa-
derT mizans isaxavda: zesaxelmwifoszesaxelmwifos miyvanamiyvana srulsrul absurdamdeabsurdamde. am
miznis miRwevisaTvis brZolas igi ostaturad niRbavda, magaliTad,
iseTi populisturi RonisZiebiT, rogorc iyo SromiTi disciplinis
aRdgena warmoebebsa da dawesebulebebSi.
iuri andropovis sikvdili iseve saidumloebiTaa moculi, rogorc
leonid breJnevisa. iuri andropovis politikuri memkvidre konstan-konstan-
tinetine CernenkoCernenko (1984-1985), marTalia, ukve mZimed avadmyofi movida
sabWoTa kavSiris politikuri xelmZRvanelobis saTaveSi, magram arse-
bobs versia, rom misi gardacvalebac xelovnurad daaCqares.
leonid breJnevis gardacvalebis (1982 w.) Semdeg vinc ar unda
mosuliyo sabWoTa kavSiris politikuri xelmZRvanelobis saTave-
Si, sabWoTa sistemis, sabWoTa kavSiris SenarCuneba SeuZlebeli iyo,
dasavlur samyaros specsamsaxurebs imdenad Zlieri pozicia hqondaT,
rom arasasurveli politikuri lideris Tavidan mocileba maTTvis
did sirTules ar warmoadgenda. dasavluri samyaros specsamsax-
urebis did gamarjvebas warmoadgenda is, rom sabWoTa politikur
da samxedro elitas sabWoTa sistemis, sabWoTa kavSiris gadarCenis
gegmis monaxazic ki ar gaaCnda, xolo dasavlur samyaros ki ukve
mzad hqonda sabWoTa sistemis likvidaciisa da sabWoTa kavSiris
daSlis kompleqsuri programa.
ioseb stalinis gardacvalebiT axali epoqa daiwyo sabWoTa
sistemis istoriaSi – daiwyo ngreva. ngrevis periodi sakmaod didx-
ans gagrZelda. igi moicavs nikita xruSCovis „mmarTvelobiTimmarTvelobiTi qa-qa-
osisosis“ periods (1953-1964 ww.), leonid breJnevis „mSvidimSvidi mmarTve-mmarTve-
lobislobis“ periods (1964-1982 ww.), iuri andropovisa da konstantine
Cernenkos mmarTvelobis periods anu „katafalkebis rbolis“ peri-
ods (1982-1985 ww.). sabWoTa sistemis likvidacia da sabWoTa kav-
Siris daSla dasrulda mixeil gorbaCovis mmarTvelobis periodiT
anu „gardaqmnisgardaqmnis“ periodiT (1985-1991 ww.).
„gardaqmnis“ periodSi (1985–1991 ww.) sabWoTa sistemis likvi-
dacia da sabWoTa kavSiris daSla meTodurad xorcieldeboda. 1986
138
wlis 19 noembers miRebuli iqna kanoni individualuri SromiTi
saqmianobis Sesaxeb. 1988 wlis 26 maiss miRebuli iqna kanoni ko-
operaciis Sesaxeb. am ori kanoniT daiwyo sabWoTa sistemis ekono-
mikuri da socialuri safuZvlebis ngreva. 1988 wlis zafxulSi
azerbaijanis SemadgenlobaSi arsebuli mTiani yarabaRis avtonomi-
uri olqis sakanonmdeblo organom miiRo dadgenileba somxeTTan
SeerTebis Sesaxeb. amiT daiwyo sabWoTa kavSiris administraci-
ul–teritoriuli sistemis ngreva. 1989 wels „gardaqmnis“ ge-
gmis Tanaxmad sabWoTa kavSiris umaRles sakanonmdeblo organod
gamocxadda „saxalxo deputatTa yriloba“. winaswarve iyo cnobili,
rom yrilobaze centriskenuli da centridanuli Zalebis balansi
am ukanasknelis sasargeblod iqneboda – mokavSire respublikebi su-
verenitets moiTxovdnen. Semdeg daiwyeboda mokavSire respublikeb-
Si arsebuli avtonomiuri warmonaqmnebis mokavSire respublikebidan
gasvlisaTvis moZraoba. moskovi am procesebis marTvas veRar Se-
Zlebda. 1991 wlis agvistoSi moskovSi daiwyo winaswar dagegmili
„putCi“. mixeil gorbaCovma „putCi“ SesaniSnavad gamoiyena „gar-
daqmnis“ mowinaaRmdege Zalebis gamoaSkaravebisa da ganadgurebisaT-
vis. 1990-1991 wlebSi saxelmwifoebrivi suverenitetis aRdgena da
saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba gamoacxades sabWoTa kavSirSi
Semavalma mokavSire respublikebma. 1991 wlis 8 dekembers ruseTs,
ukrainasa da belorusias Soris dadebuli beloveJis SeTanxmebiT
sabWoTa kavSirma, rogorc saxwelmwifom arseboba Sewyvita.
sabWoTa sistemis ngrevam da sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis pirvelma
niSnebma, rogorc aRvniSneT, jer kidev ioseb stalinis sikvdilis
(1953 w.) Semdeg iCina Tavi. es procesi Seuqcevadad ganviTarda
nikita xruSCovisa (1953-1964 ww.) da leonid breJnevis (1964-
1982 ww.) mmarTvelobis wlebSi. sabWoTa sistemis likvidaciam da
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlam sistemuri xasiaTi miiRo 1985 wlidan
„gardaqmnis“ dawyebiT.
is, rac „gardaqmnis“ wlebSi daingra, sam ierarqiul doned Sei-
Zleba warmovidginoT: pirvelipirveli ierarqiuliierarqiuli donedone warmodgenili iyo: a)
139
msoflios socialisturi sistemiT (politikuri TvalsazrisiT), b)
ekonomikuri urTierTdaxmarebis sabWoTi (ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT),
g) varSavis xelSekrulebis organizaciiT (samxedro TvalsazrisiT).
„gardaqmnis“ gegmis Tanaxmad, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlamde, 1989-1990
wlebSi, swored pirveli ierarqiuli done iqna likvidirebuli. meoremeore
ierarqiuliierarqiuli donedone warmodgenili iyo TxuTmeti mokavSire respublikiT.
respublikebSi mudam SeimCneoda centriskenuli da centridanuli Za-
lebis dapirispireba. 1922-1953 wlebSi centridanuli Zalebis yovel-
gvari qmedeba sastikad isjeboda. amave dros 1922-1953 wlebSi yvela
mokavSire respublika ganicdida gareSe Zalis gavlenas. magaliTad,
litva, litvia da estoneTi dasavleT evropis civilizaciis gavlenas
ganicdida, yazaxeTi, uzbekeTi, TurqmeneTi, yirgizeTi, tajikeTi da azer-
baijani aRmosavluri anu islamuri civilizaciis gavlenis sferos
warmoadgenda, saqarTvelo dasavluri samyaros Rirebulebebs miiCnevda
idealad. sabWoTa kavSiris decentralizaciis procesi naTlad ikveTe-
boda nomenklaturuli klanebis Camoyalibebis fonze. aseT nomenkla-
turul klanebs ganekuTvnebodnen: dnepropetrovskidnepropetrovski – kievikievi (ukrainaukraina),
sverdlovskisverdlovski – uraliurali, CrdiloCrdilo kavkasiakavkasia, leningradileningradi, moskovimoskovi (ruseTi).
sabWoTa kavSiri mTlianobaSi aRebuli warmoadgenda mizanswra-
ful sistemas, magram sistemis saboloo miznad komunizmis aSenebis
gamocxadeba moklebuli iyo yovelgvar realobas.
1985-1991 wlebSi sabWoTa sistemis ngreva amgvarad ganxor-
cielda:
pirvelpirvel etapzeetapze arsebobda Zlieri da erTiani sakavSirosakavSiro cen-cen-
tritri. mokavSire respublikebs mxolod am centrTan hqondaT kavSiri.
sagareo kavSirurTierTobani saerTo iyo da imave centridan imarTe-
boda. arsebobda erTiani saxelmwifo sazRvari. meoremeore etapzeetapze Zlieri
Zveli centris nacvlad Seiqmna ramdenime centri. am periodisaTvis
aRar arsebobs erTiani saxelmwifo sazRvari, axali centrebi damou-
kidebel (suverenul) saxelmwifoTa TanamegobrobaSi gaerTiandnen
(1991 w.). yoveli centri damoukideblad axorcielebda sagareo
kavSirurTierTobebs.
140
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlaSi gadamwyveti roli Seasrules moka-
vSire respublikebma. mokavSire respublikebi samarTlebrivi Tval-
sazrisiT damoukidebel saxelmwifoebs warmoadgendnen. amasTan
erTad, ruseTi, ukraina da belorusia gaerTianebuli erebis organi-
zaciis wevrebi iyvnen. 1988–1991 wlebSi mokavSire respublikebSi
mimdinareobda Tvisobrivad axaliaxali elitiselitis Camoyalibeba. warmoiS-
va axali regionalurregionalur-administraciuliadministraciuli, ideologiuriideologiuri, ekonomikuriekonomikuri,
ZalovaniZalovani elitebielitebi. isini legalurad moqmedebdnen. axali elitis
dapirispirebas Zvel centrTan „gardaqmnis“faruli reJisori mx-
ardaWeras ucxadebda da yovelmxriv axalisebda. litvaSi jer kidev
damoukideblobis oficialurad gamocxadebamde Camoyalibda „qveynis
dacvis departamenti“.
moskovSi Camoyalibda Zveli (sakavSiro) centris paraleluri
struqtura – marTvismarTvis damoukidebelidamoukidebeli centricentri (ruseTis federaciis
politikuri xelmZRvaneloba). axalma centrma miiTvisa Zveli cen-
tris saerTo-sakavSiro funqciebi. axaliaxali (ruseTis)(ruseTis) centricentri Semdeg
garigebaze wavida mokavSire respublikebis centrebTan da maTi dax-
marebiT teritoriuli danakargebis safasurad Tavidan moicila Zve-Zve-
lili (sakavSirosakavSiro) centricentri. meTodurad, erTmaneTis miyolebiT ingreoda
mokavSire respublikebis kavSirebi Zveli centrTan (informaciuli,
finansuri da sxv.). baltiispireTis qveynebma sazRvarze aamoqmedes
sabaJo. SemdegSi miaRwies imas, rom sabWoTa kavSiris deputatTa
sabWoebis yrilobam ekonomikuri eqsperimentis Sesaxeb miRebuli
dadgenilebiT daakanona am sabaJos moqmedeba. Zveli centris ugul-
vebelyofis fonze mokavSire respublikebis centrebi cdilobdnen
sakavSiro biujetidan mieRoT rac SeiZleba meti. mokavSire res-
publikebis axali elita amas Zalian advilad axerxebda, axerxebda
ara diplomatiuri niWis wyalobiT, aramed imitom, rom es procesi
sanqcirebuli iyo im ZalTa mier, romelmac SeimuSava „gardaqmna“
– sabWoTa sistemis likvidaciisa da sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis kom-
pleqsuri programa.
sabWoTa sistemis likvidaciisa da sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis
141
gegmaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ekava sabWoTa kavSiris komunis-
turi partiis (skkp), rogorc sabWoTa sistemis da zesaxelmwifos
warmarTveli politikuri Zalis, neitralizacias. skkp dasusteba da
neitralizacia advili saqme ar iyo. „gardaqmnis“ gegma am SemTxveva-
Sic unaklo aRmoCnda. am gegmis Tanaxmad, unda momxdariyo „gardaqm-
nis“ mowinaaRmdege skkp elitis (politikuri moRvaweebi, diplo-
matebi, samxedroebi da a.S.) darazmva da saxelmwifo gadatrialebis
mcdelobis provocireba. es scena SesaniSnavad iqna gaTamaSebuli
1991 wlis agvistoSi. ,,putCis” likvidacviis Semdeg komunisturi
elita erTi xelis mosmiT iqna neitralizebuli – sabWoTa kavSiris
komunisturma partiam politikuri asparezi datova.
1991 wlis agvistos ,,putCis” damarcxebiT mixeil gorbaCov-
ma, marTalia, ,,gardaqmnis” (e. i. sabWoTa sistemis likvidaciisa da
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis) mowinaaRmdege Zalebi umtkivneulod Ca-
moaSora politikur asparezs, magram dasavluri samyarosaTvis pi-
radad man funqcia dahkarga. mixeil gorbaCovma “gardaqmnis” pro-
gramis realizebaSi, “gardaqmnis” momxre da mowinaaRmdege Zalebis
dapirispirebaSi mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula. axal rols mas aRar
sTavazobdnen. axali samokavSireo xelSekrulebis mixeil gorbaCov-
iseuli idea, rogorc aRvniSneT, “gardaqmnis” programas“ ewinaaRmde-
geboda. 1991 wlis agvistos putCis Semdeg mixeil gorbaCovi, marTa-
lia, jer kidev sabWoTa kavSiris prezidentad rCeboda, magram TviT
zesaxelmwifos dReebi daTvlili iyo. Zveli (sakavSiro) centri
praqtikulad aRar funqcionirebda, sabWoTa kavSirs sivrceSi da-
moukideblad amoqmedda TxuTmeti centri. sabWoTa kavSiris daSla
ukve realoba iyo. rCeboda mxolod formaluri aqti. es dRec Sors
aRar iyo. 1991 wlis 8 dekembers belorusiaSi, beloveJSi, ruseTis
federaciis, ukrainisa da belorusis SeTanxmebiT sabWoTa kavSirma
arseboba Sewyvita.
sabWoTa kavSiris daSliT (1991 w.) ar dasrulebula sabWoTa
sistemis likvidacia. es procesi, sul mcire, aTi weli mainc gagr-
Zelda da XXI saukunis damdegs dasrulda.
142
1990–1991 wlebSi centridanulma Zalebma aSkarad Zlies cen-
triskenul Zalebs – ZveliZveli (sakavSiro)(sakavSiro) centricentri butaforiadbutaforiad iqcaiqca. amam
procesisprocesis TanadrouladTanadroulad mimdinareobdamimdinareobda meoremeore, paraleluriparaleluri procesiprocesi:
ZveliZveli centriscentris diqtatsdiqtats TavdaRweuliTavdaRweuli yofiliyofili mokavSiremokavSire respub-respub-
likebilikebi – axaliaxali damoukidebelidamoukidebeli saxelmwifoebisaxelmwifoebi – imTaviTveimTaviTve eqceod-eqceod-
nennen dasavluridasavluri samyarossamyaros romelimeromelime qveynisqveynis gavlenisgavlenis qveSqveS, xoloxolo yvelayvela
respublikarespublika ruseTisruseTis federaciasTanfederaciasTan erTad,erTad, saboloosaboloo jamSi,jamSi, aRmoCndaaRmoCnda
amerikisamerikis SeerTebuliSeerTebuli StatebisStatebis gavlenisgavlenis sferoSisferoSi.
ratom ganxorcielda ase warmatebiT 1985-1991 wlebSi sabWoTa
sistemis likvidaciisa da sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis gegma („gardaqm-
na“)? umTavresi mizezi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom 1953-1985 wlebSi, e.i.
sanam amoqmeddeboda sabWoTa sistemisa da sabWoTa kavSiris ngrevis
kompleqsuri gegma („gardaqmna“), manam momzadda niadagi „gardaqmnisaT-
vis“. leonid breJnevis mmarTvelobis periodSi dasavlurma samyarom,
pirvel rigSi, amerikis SeerTebulma Statebma, Tanamoazreebi gaiCina
sabWoTa kavSiris politikur xelmZRvanelobaSi, diplomatiur korpus-
Si, Zalovan struqturebSi, sainformacio centrebSi, praqtikulad, yvela
saxelmwifo uwyebaSi. dasavluri samyaros specsamsaxurebs hqondaT
absoluturad zusti informacia sabWoTa politikuri da samxedro
elitisa da Tanamdebobis pirTa ojaxis wevrebis ganwyobaTa Sesaxeb.
dasavleTis specsamsaxurebs informacia hqondaT ara marto uwyebis
pirvel pirTa, aramed umniSvnelovanesi uwyebebis sxva Tanamdebobis
pirTa ganwyobilebebis, aseve mokavSire respublikebis xelmZRvanelobis
Sesaxeb. imdroindeli sabWoTa politikuri elita idga dilemis winaSe:
sabWoTasabWoTa wyobilebiswyobilebis ucvleladucvlelad SenarCunebaSenarCuneba niSnavdaniSnavda imasimas, romrom Crdilo-Crdilo-
vanivani ekonomikidanekonomikidan miRebulimiRebuli SemosavlisSemosavlis (fulisfulis) legalizebaslegalizebas veras-veras-
drosdros verver moaxdendnenmoaxdendnen. arsebuliarsebuli (sabWoTasabWoTa) kanonmdeblobiTkanonmdeblobiT isiniisini dam-dam-
naSaveTanaSaveTa samyarossamyaros ganekuTvnebodnenganekuTvnebodnen dada politikuripolitikuri viTarebisviTarebis SecvlisSecvlis
SemTxvevaSiSemTxvevaSi kanoniskanonis mTelimTeli simkacriTsimkacriT daisjebodnendaisjebodnen. Crdilovani ekono-
mikis legalizeba SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda maSin, Tu moxdeboda sabWoTa
sistemis da, Sesabamisad, arsebuli sakanonmdeblo bazis likvidacia.
dagrovili fuli Crdilovan ekonomikasTan kavSirSi myof politi-
143
kur da samxedro elitas axali saxelmwifo sistemis (kapitalizmis)
pirobebSi kargi cxovrebis garantias aZlevda. swored amitom iyo, rom
CrdilovanCrdilovan ekonomikasTanekonomikasTan kavSirSikavSirSi myofimyofi politikuripolitikuri dada samxedrosamxedro
elitiselitis didididi nawilinawili pirdapirpirdapir anan arapirdapirarapirdapir dasavluridasavluri samyarossamyaros
specsamsaxurebisspecsamsaxurebis mokavSiremokavSire gaxdagaxda, sabWoTasabWoTa sistemissistemis ngrevaSingrevaSi CaebaCaeba.
xSirad yuradReba ar eqceva, an SedarebiT naklebi yuradReba
eTmoba, erT metad mniSvnelovan faqtors: meore msoflio omis
(1939–1945 ww.) Semdgom periodSi, gansakuTrebiT ki ioseb stalin-
is gardacvalebis (1953 w.) Semdgom sabWoTa kavSirSi, mosaxleo-
bis yvela fenaSi, gansakuTrebiT inteligenciaSi, TavisTavad, bune-
brivad, dasavluri samyaros specsamsaxurebis aqtiurobis gareSe
dRiTi-dRe izrdeboda im adamianebis ricxvi, romelic aidealebda
cxovrebis dasavlur wess, xolo yovelgvari sabWouri maTTvis
miuRebeli da autaneli xdeboda. es iyo sruliad kanonzomieri
Sedegi sabWoTa sistemis TviTkomprometaciisa, rac gansakuTrebiT
TvalsaCino gaxda leonid breJnevis mmarTvelobis wlebSi. es
adamianebi, maTi ricxvi ki 1985 wlisaTvis milionebiT ganisaz-
Rvreboda, „gardaqmnis“ (e.i. dasavluri samyaros specsamsaxurebis
gegmis) bunebriv mokavSired iqcnen.
nikita xruSCovi ioseb stalinis adgilas! _ iyo Tu ara es
SemTxveviToba? Cven vfiqrobT, rom ara! „sulelebissulelebis“ epoqisepoqis dadgomadadgoma
kanonzomierebakanonzomiereba iyoiyo. is sistema, romelic dauSvebs nikita xruSCo-
visnairi vigindarebis zesaxelmwifos politikuri xelmZRvanelobis
saTaveSi mosvlas, xolo aTi wlis Semdeg kidev ufro viginda-
ra leonid breJnevis gapirkvelkacebas, ganwirulia daRupvisaTvis.
ioseb stalins SemTxveviT ar uxmaria gamoTqma „sulelebissulelebis drodro“.
nikita xruSCovi erTi „sulelTaganisulelTagani“ iyo. mas gverds umSvenebdnen:
viaCeslav molotovi, giorgi malenkovi, nikoloz bulganini, lazar
kaganoviCi, kliment voroSilovi. vinc ar unda mosuliyo sabWoTa
kavSiris politikuri xelmZRvanelobis saTaveSi, Sedegi igive iqne-
boda. arcerT maTgans sabWoTa sistemis gardaqmnisaTvis saWiro arc
gonebrivi SesaZlebloba da arc survili ar gaaCnda. „gardaqmnam“
144
logikurad gaagrZela is, rac 1953–1985 wlebSi xdeboda.
XX saukunis 60-iani wlebis bolodan da 70-iani wlebis damde-
gidan sabWoTasabWoTa sistemissistemis likvidaciisalikvidaciisa dada sabWoTasabWoTa kavSiriskavSiris daSlisdaSlis
gegmagegma imitomimitom dagvirgvindadagvirgvinda warmatebiTwarmatebiT, romrom igiigi 1953–19851953–1985 wlebSiwlebSi
sabWoTasabWoTa kavSirSikavSirSi mimdinaremimdinare procesebisprocesebis mecnierulmecnierul analizsanalizs emyare-emyare-
boda,boda, yvela niuansi uaRresad zustad iyo gaTvlili. aris aseTi
gamoTqma: „isis, racrac iqmnebaiqmneba saukuneebissaukuneebis ganmavlobaSiganmavlobaSi – ingrevaingreva wamebSiwamebSi.
is,is, racrac iqmnebaiqmneba wlebiswlebis ganmavlobaSiganmavlobaSi – ingrevaingreva saaTebSisaaTebSi“. „gardaqmna“
amis dadasturebas warmoadgenda.
dasasrul, unda vupasuxoT kiTxvas: sabWoTa sistemis likvida-
cia da sabWoTa kavSiris daSla kanonzomiereba iyo Tu SeTqmulebis
Sedegi? sabWoTasabWoTa sistemasistema, sabWoTasabWoTa kavSirikavSiri meoremeore msofliomsoflio omisomis
(1939–1945(1939–1945 wwww.)) SemdgomSemdgom romrom ZireuliZireuli politikuripolitikuri, ekonomikuriekonomikuri da da
socialurisocialuri reformebisreformebis gareSegareSe didxansdidxans verver iarsebebda,iarsebebda, eses kanonzom-kanonzom-
ierebaiereba iyoiyo. amam mdgomareobamde sabWoTa sistema, obieqturi mizezebis mdgomareobamde sabWoTa sistema, obieqturi mizezebis
gamo, dasavluri samyaros zemoqmedebis gareSe mivida.gamo, dasavluri samyaros zemoqmedebis gareSe mivida. kanonzomierebakanonzomiereba
iyoiyo isic,isic, romrom iosebioseb stalinisstalinis gardacvalebisgardacvalebis SemdegSemdeg (1953–1964(1953–1964
wwww.) sabWoTasabWoTa kavSirSikavSirSi verver daiwyodaiwyo ZireuliZireuli reformebireformebi. sabWoTa sabWoTa
kavSiris umaRles politikur xelmZRvanelobas, qveynis politikur kavSiris umaRles politikur xelmZRvanelobas, qveynis politikur
elitas, reformebis gatarebis arc survili da arc inteleqtual-elitas, reformebis gatarebis arc survili da arc inteleqtual-
uri SesaZlebloba ar gaaCnda, zesaxelmwifo im politikosTa xelSi uri SesaZlebloba ar gaaCnda, zesaxelmwifo im politikosTa xelSi
aRmoCnda, romelTa Sexedulebebi XX saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi aRmoCnda, romelTa Sexedulebebi XX saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi
Camoyalibda da romlebic angariSs veRar uwevdnen meore msof-Camoyalibda da romlebic angariSs veRar uwevdnen meore msof-
lio omis Semdeg momxdar cvlilebebs. aselio omis Semdeg momxdar cvlilebebs. ase momwifdamomwifda xelsayreli xelsayreli
pirobebipirobebi imim SeTqmulebisSeTqmulebis organizebisaTvisorganizebisaTvis, romlisTvisacromlisTvisac dasavlu-dasavlu-
riri samyarosamyaro didxansdidxans dada guldasmiTguldasmiT emzadebodaemzadeboda. SeqmnilmaSeqmnilma viTarebamviTarebam
dasavlurdasavlur samyarossamyaros saSualebasaSualeba miscamisca aemoqmedebina daaemoqmedebina da warmatebiTwarmatebiT
ganexorcielebinaganexorcielebina sabWoTasabWoTa sistemissistemis likvidaciislikvidaciis, sabWoTasabWoTa kavSiri-kavSiri-
sasa dada mTelimTeli socialisturisocialisturi sistemissistemis daSlisdaSlis kargadkargad gaazrebuligaazrebuli
programaprograma, romlisromlis bolobolo (sistemuri)(sistemuri) etapietapi istoriaSiistoriaSi „gardaqmnisgardaqmnis“
(1985–1991 ww(1985–1991 ww.) saxelwodebiTsaxelwodebiT SevidaSevida.
145
roin metreveliroin metreveli
samSoblos keTildReobisaTvis zrunvis magaliTisamSoblos keTildReobisaTvis zrunvis magaliTi
XX saukunis 90-iani wlebis movlenaTa Soris gansakuTrebuli
adgili ukavia 1991 wlis dekembris bolo dReebSi sruliad saqa-
rTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is
mier sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi gamarTul Sexvedrebs. patriarqi
Sexvda imdroindeli mTvarobisa (zviad gamsaxurdia) da opoziciis
(T.sigua, j. ioseliani T. kitovani) warmomadgenlebs.
1990 wlis 28 oqtombris mravalpartiuli arCevnebis Semdeg
xelisuflebis saTaveSi zviad gamsaxurdias mTavroba movida. igi
umaRlesi sabWos Tavmjdomared airCies. 1991 wlis 31 marts saqa-
rTveloSi Catarda referendumi d qveyanam saxelmwifoebrivi damou-
kidebloba aRadgina. saqarTvelos pirvel prezidentad 1991 wlis
9 aprils zviad gamsaxurdia airCies. cxadia, jer kidev arsebulma
sabWoTa kavSirma amgvar qmedebas mZime reaqciiT upasuxa. es iyo eT-
nokonfliqtebis gaRviveba afxazeTsa da Sida qarTlSi, araqarTveli
mosaxleobis wiaRSi (javaxeTsa da qvemo qarTlSi). amas daerTo
parlamentis gareT darCenili partiebis dapirispireba erovnul xe-
lisuflebasTan.
qarTvelma xalxma, sazogadoebam, samwuxarod, ver gaiTvaliswi-
na saqarTvelos istoriis gakveTilebi. qveyanas erTsulovneba da
monoliTuroba sWirdeboda. saqme sawinaaRmdegod mimdinareobda.
antiqarTul procesebs, romlebicafxazeTsa da cxinvalis region-
SimZafrad midioda, daemata is, rom qarTveloba urTierTdapirisp-
irebasa da mitingebis cecxlSi gaexvia. erovnuli xelisufleba
ar aRiarebda opozicias. es ukanasknelic bevrSemTxvevaSi ar
gamoirCeoda sibrZniT.
ilia II mTeli sigrZe-siganiT grZnobda Seqmnili viTarebis se-
riozulobas. araerTgzis scada misi ganmuxtva. patriarqma konk-
146
retuli Sefaseba misca qveyanaSi mimdinare process: „dRes WeSmarit
rwmenas urwmunoeba ki ar upirispirdeba, aramed cru sarwmunoeba,
romelsac WeSmaritebis didi pretenzia aqvs. namdvil Tavisuflebas
TviTneboba da TavaSvebuloba cvlis, romelic isev urcxvad iCemebs
Tavisuflebis saxels“. patriarqi xmamaRla afrTxilebda sazoga-
doebas, rom urTierTdapirispirebiTa da gauTavebeli mitingebiT
verafers gaxdebodnen: „gonierni maSin viqnebiT, Tu saqmis keTebas
daviwyebT ara lanZRviT, aramed erTmaneTis gverdSi amodgomiT, erT-
maneTis mosmeniT, urTierTgagebiT kargi ideebis gaziarebiT. sxva gza
ar arsebobs, sxva gza damRupvelia“. patriarqs ar moswonda sapro-
testo moZraobis talRa, romelsac 1991 wlis 4 seqtembers arasa-
surveli incidenti mohyva. 1991 wlis oqtomber-noemberSi qveyanaSi
mimdinare procesebi umarTavi iyo. 22 dekembers tyviac gavarda da
saqarTveloSi Sida omi daiwyo. yovelive es WeSmariti qarTvel-
isaTvis katastrofas niSnavda. gansakuTrebulad Relavda ilia II.
1991 wlis 23 dekembers man mwvave gafrTxilebiT mimarTa ers:
„umZimesia dRevandeli mdgomareoba, saqarTvelo misulia
daRupvis piramde; iRvreba qarTvelTa sisxli. saqarTvelos emuqre-
ba samoqalaqo omi. vxedavT ra daZabul situacias, movuwodebT da-
pirispirebul mxareebs dialogisaken, raTa mSvidobiani gziT gad-
awyvetiliyo problemebi, Tavidan agvecilebina ZmaTa sisxlisRvra.
dialogi marTlac Sedga, magram nayofi ver gamoiRo. vgrZnobT ra
momaval mZime Sedegebs, saqarTvelos eklesiis, samRvdeloebisa da
morwmune eris saxeliT, kidev erTxel mogmarTavT dapirispirebul
mxareebs: gamoiCineT sibrZne da goniereba, igrZeniT pasuxismgebloba
RvTisa da eris winaSe da yvelaferi gaakeTeT imisaTvis, rom mSvi-
dobiani molaparakebis gziT gadawyvitoT sadavo sakiTxebi; momava-
li Taoba daafasebs Tqvens keTilgonierebas“.1vfiqrob yovelgvari
komentari zedmetia. ukiduresad kritikul momentSi, eris sulieri
mama gonierebisken mouwodebs Tavis sulier Svilebs. samwuxarod
patriarqis Segoneba-RaRadisi ar iqna Sesmenil-gaTvaliswinebuli...
samwuxaro Sedegmac ar daayovna.
147
gvinda xazgasmiT aRvniSnoT, rom qveyanaSi Seqmnili mZime viTare-
bis ganmuxtvisaTvis aqtiurad ibrZoda saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa
akademiac. mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo gadadgmuli, roca akademikosebi:
andria afaqiZe, nodar amaRlobeli, guram gvelesiani da am stati-
is avtori mosalaparakeblad vewvieT opoziciis xelmZRvanelebs,
romlebsac sastumro saqarTvelos sardafi daekavebinaT (am dros
mTavroba parlamentis Senobis sardafSi-bunkerSi imyofeboda). rus-
Tavelis prospeqtipraqtikulad brZolis poligoni iyo. Cveni uvne-
blad miyvana opoziciamde uzrunvelyo imdroindelma Sinagan saqmeTa
ministris moadgilem generalma daviT salariZem. opoziciis „Stab-
Si“ SevxvdiT Tengizsiguas da Tengiz kitovans, maTTan seriozuli
saubari gaimarTa (SegaxsenebT, rom batoni Tengiz sigua mecnierebaTa
akademiis metalurgiis institutis yofili direqtori iyo da mas-
Tan urTierToba ar gagvWirvebia). drodadro sxvadasxva opozicio-
nerebic Semodiodnen da saubarSi iRebdnen monawileobas, maT Soris
aqtiurobiT gamoirCeoda generali levan SaraSeniZe. opozicionere-
bi maTi gamosvlis mizezadqveyanaSi Seqmnil viTarebas asaxelebdnen.
cnobilia, rom dekembramde T.kitovani gvardiasTan erTad praqti-
kulad ganudga saxelmwifos. maT garkveuli winadadebebi hqondaT,
romelTa saboloo Sedegi mTavrobis gadadgoma unda yofiliyo. aka-
demikosTa Suamdgomlobam Serigebis an morigebis Taobaze ar gaWra.
gawbilebulebi davbrundiT opoziciis samyoflidan. erTi ram minda
aRvniSno. momeCvena, rom opozicia Cveni iq yofnis momentSi arc iseT
did Zalas flobda, rom samTavrobo Zalebs gamklaveboda. sulierad
ki SemarTulebi iyvnen. imave saRamos, 25 dekembers, me Sevxvdi uw-
midessa da unetaress ilia II-s. man moiwona akademiis es nabiji da
mTxova mimeRo monawileoba dapirispirebul mxareTa warmomadgen-
lebis SexvedraSi, romelic patriarqis iniciativiT sapatriarqos
rezidenciaSi imarTeboda. me da ramdenime mRvdelmsaxuri patriarq-
is e.w. SemrigebelTa delegacias warmovadgendiT. saRamos 8 saaTze
sapatriarqoSi movidnen dapirispirebul mxareTa warmomadgenlebi
(5-7 kaci TiToeuli mxridan). sxdoma Catarda sapatriarqos dRe-
148
vandel satrapezo oTaxSi. es oTaxi gadatixruli iyo (dRes igi
ufro vrcelia).
ilia II-m Cveuli sidinjiT gamoikiTxa viTareba. mousmina mxare-
Ta warmomadgenlebs, Semdeg gulSi Camwvdomi kritikuli sityvebiT
mimarTa maT: „miuxedavad imisa, rom sulSi da xasiaTSi gvizis siCqa-
re, sulswrafoba unda daviokoT, xom faqtia, rom vCqarobT, bevr Sec-
domas vuSvebT“. azrTa gacvlis Semdeg patriarqma aseTimoTxovniT
mimarTa dapirispirebul mxareebs:
1. orive mxarem SeinarCunos poziciebi;
2. SeCerdes gamosvlebi;
3. prezidentma gaakeTos gancxadeba, rom xalxi wavides sax-
lebSi;
4. dainiSnos uzenaesi sabWos sesia;
5. televiziaSi dainiSnos opoziciis saaTi;
6. ganTavisufldnen politpatimrebi;
7. aRiarebuli iqnes opozicia.
es sakiTxebi patriarqma gansaxilvelad daayena. sxdomis monaw-
ileebma miiRes eswinadadebebi, Tumca mkveTrad ar Camoayalibes Tavi-
anTi azrebi. saWirod miiCnies am sakiTxebis TavianT banakebSi ufro
farTod ganxilva. patriarqic ase fiqrobda. qveynis gadarCenisaTvis
rogorme unda SeCerebuliyo SeiaraRebuli dapirispireba.
meore dRes, 26 dekembers Seikriba igive Semadgenloba patri-
arqis rezidenciaSi. samwuxarod mxareebma ar gamoamJRavnes Serige-
bis survili, yovel SemTxvevaSi, rogorc Canda, momlaparakeblebi
ar iyvnen aRWurvilni sakiTxis gadaWris rwmunebiT. isini mxolod
ambis mimtan-momtanis rols asrulebdnen.
erTi dRis Semdeg sruliad aSkara gaxda, rom dapirispirebul-
Ta SeCereba SeuZlebeli iyo.mxareebma ar Seismines saRi azri d
patriarqis gulmxurvale Segoneba. Sedegi? Sedegi metad mZime iyo;
1991 wlis dekembris bolo dReebSi samoqalaqo dapirispirebam ze-
nits miaRwia, rac 1992 wlis ianvars pirvel dReebSic gagrZelda
d zviad gamsaxurdias mTavrobasamxedro ZaliT iqna damxobili.
149
qveyana samoqalaqo omma moicva. didi iyo materialuri zarali, ma-
gram ufro meti da mniSvnelovani sulieri krizisi iyo. ilia II
weriliT aRniSnavda: „ZmaTa sisxlis RvriT gamowveuli tkivili
bolomde gacnobierebuli ar aris. tragedia moxda, magram Seqmnili
mdgomareobidan gamosasvlel swor gzas ver vipoviT, Tu movlenebs
miukerZoeblad ar gavaanalizebT da yvelasaTvis samwuxaro Sedegis
mizezebs ar aRmovfxvriT. saqarTvelos istoriaSi moxda metad sav-
alalao faqti: eri daiyo, qalaqebsa da soflebSi, samsaxurebSi, mo-
saxleoba daupirispirda erTmaneTs, daupirispirdnen Taobebi, ojaxis
wevrebi“. es marTlac tragedia iyo qveynisaTvis. am umZimesi mdgo-
mareobis arsebobis dadastureba me SemiZlia Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis magaliTze. 1991 wlis 14 oqtombers saqarTvelos
prezidentis, zviad gamsaxurdias brZanebulebiT daviniSne universi-
tetis reqtorad. universitetSi mZime mdgomareoba damxvda. swav-
la jer ar iyo dawyebuli (iwyeboda, rogorc wesi, 1 seqtembers).
rac mTavaria, aqac didi dapirispireba iyo (profesor-maswavleblebs,
studentebs Soris): erTi nawili zviad gamsaxurdias uWerda mxars,
e.w. zviadistebi, meore ki misi winaaRmdegi iyo.
gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis universitetis, profesurisa
da studentobis didi damsaxureba iyo is, rom es dapirispireba ar
gadazrdila raime seriozul konfliqtSi. profesorebi romelTac
kargad icodnen universitetis fasi, esmodaT misi daniSnuleba, roli
qveyanaSi, Tavis simaRleze aRmoCndnen da am rTuli viTarebidan Rir-
seulad gamovidnen. universiteti darCaqveynis erovnuli orient-
aciis ganmsazRvrelad, pirvel umaRles saswavleblad, alma-materad.
unda SevniSno, rom universitetis maRali avtoriteti aRizianebda
mavans da yovelgvarad cdilobda mis talaxSi gasvras.aTasgvarma in-
sinuaciebma da ciliswamebam veraferi daaklo am did dawesebulebas.
igi istoriaSi darCa rogorc magaliTis mimcemi, eris samsaxurSi
myofi „TeTri taZari“. amas adasturebs,miuxedavad sirTuleebisa,
gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi gaweuli didi samecniero da sas-
wavlo saqmianoba.
150
qveyanaSi Seqmnil mZime viTarebas warmarTva sWirdeboda. aqac
ganusazRvrelia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, ilia
II-is roli. pirdapir unda iTqvas, rom mwvave eTnokonfliqtebis
pirobebSi, roca qveyana WeSmaritad qarTuli miwebis dakargvis re-
aluri safrTxis winaSe dadga, samoqalaqo dapirispirebis fonze,
roca axladmosul xelisuflebas saqmis racionaluri warmarTva
uWirda, ilia II-m Tavs ido metad mZime tvirTi d saxelmwifos sae-
ro da sasuliero Tavkacis misia. patriarqi Seudga eris sulieri
gamTlianebis metad rTul process. igi, rogorc realuri saxelm-
wifo moRvawe aqtiur politikur nabijebsac dgamda.
ilia II-m 1992 wlis oqtomberSi protestiT mimarTa ruseTis
patriarqs aleqsi II-s da afxazeTSi Seqmnili mZime mdgomareobis
gamo brali dasdo ruseTis im Zalebs, romelTaTvisac miuRebeli iyo
saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba. metad mniSvnelovani
iyo gaeros generaluri mdivnis, butros butros-galisadmi ilia II-
is moTxovnad daecva msoflio Tanamegobrobas saqarTvelo ruseTis
agresiisagan. patriarqma aseve mosTxova ruseTis prezidents boris
elcins, aRkveTiliyo ruseTis teritoriidan SeiaraRebuli bandda-
jgufebebis („boevikebis“) Semosvla, ruseTis samxedro bazebidan samx-
edro teqnikis Semotana da mwvave agresia saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg.
ilia II saqarTvelos xelisuflebasac mouwodebda, gadaedga
qmediTi nabijebi erovnuli Serigebis, qveynis ekonomikis gajansaRe-
bis, saerTaSoriso aRiarebis, qarTveli erisa da saqarTveloSi mcx-
ovrebi yvela erisa da erovnebis mSvidobiani TanacxovrebisaTvis.
faqti erTia, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, mcx-
eTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mit-
ropoliti, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II, saqarTvelos marTlma-
didebel samociqulo eklesiasTan erTad mTeli Tavisi moRvaweobiT
1991-1992 wlebis dekember-ianvris movlenebisa da Semdgom qveyanaSi
datrialebuli tragikuli movlenebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi erTiani
erovnuli da saxelmwifoebrivi cnobierebisaTvis brZolis WeSmari-
ti medroSe iyo.
151
jaba samuSiajaba samuSia
`eklesiaTa mSenebeli~.`eklesiaTa mSenebeli~.
saqarTvelos patriarqi da saeklesio aRmSeneblobasaqarTvelos patriarqi da saeklesio aRmSenebloba
saqarTvelos istoriaSi, TiTqosda, kanonzomieradaa qceuli,
rom qveynis politikur aRmavlobas yovelTvis uswrebda qarTuli
marTlmadidebluri eklesiis aRorZineba, erisa da beris erTianoba.
igive ganmeorda XX saukunis miwurulsac.
1977 wels kaTolikos-patriarqis, ilia II-is intronizaciis Sem-
deg deda- eklesiis roli da adgili sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi mniS-
vnelovnad gaizarda. es weli sruliad samarTlianad axali epoqis
dasawyisad miiCneva saqarTvelos marTmadidebluri eklesiisa da Cveni
qveynis uaxles istoriaSi. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriar-
qis, ilia II-s aRsaydrebisas saqarTvelo sabWoTa kavSiris nawils
warmoadgenda, romlis oficialuri ideologia aTeizmi iyo. marTalia,
morwmuneTa uflebebi sakanonmdeblo doneze iyo daculi, magram xSi-
rad es kanonebi faratina qaRalds warmoadgenda. ra Tqma unda, isic
unda iTqvas, rom XX saukunis 20-30-iani wlebis bolSevikebis anti-
religiuri kampania ukve mniSvnelovnad Camcxrali iyo, magram eklesiis
winaaRmdeg brZola komunisturi reJimisTvis TiTqosda sisxorceulad
qceuliyo. saxelmwifos mxridan eklesiis devna-Seviwroebam Tavisi
savalalo roli Seasrula. 1977 wlisaTvis oficialurad saqarTve-
los marTlmadideblur eklesiaSi 15 eparqia arsebobda, romelTac 6
mRvdelmTavari uZRveboda. kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II oTxi eparqiis
droebiT mRvdelTmTavrad iTvleboda. oTx did eparqias ki episkoposi
saerTod ar hyavda. saqarTveloSi moqmedebda 60-mde eklesia. saqarTve-
los istoriaSi Cvens eklesias msgavsi Seviwroeba ar ganucdia arabebis,
monRolebis, iranelebisa Tu Turqebis batonobis Jamsac ki. aseTi iyo
is realoba, rodesac sapatriarqo taxti daikava kaTolikos-patriar-
qma, uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m. miuxedavad am winaaRmdegobisa,
152
patriarqi nabij-nabij cdilobda `sudara gadafarebuli eklesiis~71
aRorZinebas. mogvianebiT kaTolikos-patriarqi ixsenebda: `mZime wlebi
gamoiara saqarTvelos eklesiam gansakuTrebiT aTeistur periodSi;
Zalian mZafri iyo dapirispireba borotsa da keTils Soris. yvelaze
metad idevneboda marTlmadidebloba. magaliTad, axalcixeSi ar iyo
arcerTi marTlmadidebluri eklesia da iyo baptistebis samlocvelo
saxli, radgan imdroindeli xelisuflebisaTvis amas ar hqonda didi
mniSvneloba. mudam vaxsenebdi xolme axalcixis mosaxleobas: Tu Tqven
qarTvelebi xarT, qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia rogor ar unda
gqondeT-meTqi?! maT Seismines es sityvebi da jer kidev komunistebis
periodSi aq marTlmadidebluri taZari gaixsna. religiis rwmunebuls
maSin vuTxari: „sxva araferi rom ar gekeTebinaT, marto es saqme bevr
rameSi SegeweodaT!“82
Tavisi moRvaweobis dasawyisSi uwmidesma miznad daisaxa qveyana-
Si daxuruli da dangreuli taZrebis aRdgenaze zrunva. pirdapiri
mowodeba arsebul reJimTan konfrontacias niSnavda, rasac SesaZlebelia
ukuSedegi gamoewvia. morwmuneTa devna-daSineba sabWoTa reJimisaTvis
ucxo ar iyo. misma uwmidesobam gadawyvita, saqarTvelos mosaxleobisa
da misi mTavrobisaTvis Seexsenebina morwmuneTa uflebebi. swored am
mizniT saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendarSi 1979 wels ibeWdeba amonar-
idebi saqarTvelos konstituciidan sindisis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb da
saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumis dadgenilebidan, ro-
melic exeboda religiuri organizaciebis saqmianobas. gansakuTrebiT
sainteresoa es ukanaskneli dokumenti, romelSic ZiriTadad saubaria
morwmuneTaTvis (saWiro iyo aranakleb 20 wevrisa) msaxurebisTvis
Sesabamisi samlocvelo Senobebis (taZrebi am dokumentSi Senobebadaa
dasaxelebuli) gadacemis wesze, aseve maTi Semdgomi gankargvisa da
1 es sityvebi mis uwmindesobas erT-erTma sasuliero pirma uTxra.
2 uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, ilia
II-is qadageba iliaobis dResaswaulze sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi, 2 agvisto,
2004, gazeTi „sapatriarqos uwyebani“ #28 (286), 2004.
153
movla-patronobis pirobebze. faqtobrivad, am dokumentebis dabeWd-
va sapatriarqos oficialur gamocemaSi niSnavda locva-kurTxevis
micemas morwmuneTaTvis zrunva axali taZrebisa da samlocveloe-
bis gaxsnaze. saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II ambionidan
mimarTavda morwmune ers, aRedginaT eklesia-monastrebi da pasiuro-
bisaTvis xelisuflebis kritikasac ar eridebida. patriarqi 1986
wels mrevls mimarTavda: ̀ magram me minda yuradReba imaT, vinc Tavisi
sulisTvis zrunavs, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebs, umoqmedo, mitove-
buli taZrebis movla-patronobisaken mivaqcevino. saqarTveloSi ua-
mravi umoqmedo taZaria, romelic mouvlelobis gamo ingreva. mar-
Talia, arsebobs ZeglTa dacvis komiteti da saxelmwifoc gamoyofs
Tanxebs Zeglebis aRsadgenad, magram es saqmes ver Svelis, radgan
taZars TviTon xalxi ar icavs da ar uvlis. amis mizezi isaa, rom
saxelmwifos midgoma am sakiTxisadmi aralogikuria – adamians eub-
nebian da aswavlian, rom RmerTi ar arsebobs da mere imave adamians
taZris dacvas sTxoven. masac veRar gaugia, Tu RmerTi ar arsebobs,
taZari viRas sWirdeba da visTvis unda icavdes. nu dagaviwydebaT,
rom is adgilic ki, sadac taZris mxolod saZirkvvlia darCenili,
wmidaTawmidaa, radgan iq Tavis droze wirva-locva sruldeboda da
morwmuneTa locva, viTarca sveti, zecisa da RvTisken maRldeboda.
amgvar adgils angelozi ganuSoreblad icavs da im kurTxeul dRes
elodeba, roca aRdgenil taZarSi wirva-locva isev Sesruldeba. am-
itom vfiqrobT, rom dRevandel pirobebSi yvelaze didi Sesawiravi
umoqmedo eklesiaTa movla-patronoba, maTi dacva, gasufTaveba, aRd-
genaa. Tqvenc geqnebaT amgvari suraTi nanaxi. sofelSi dgas eklesia,
romlis saxuravzec mTeli tyea amosuli. mosaxleoba gulgrilad
uyurebs am faqts da ver grZnobs, rom taZarTan erTad misi sulic
ingreva. eklesiebs pirvel rigSi TviTon xalxma unda upatronos da
pasuxismgebloba igrZnos maTi bedis gamo.~ 3
3 uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II
miiCnevs, rom umoqmedo eklesiebis movla-patronoba dRes RvTisaTvis yvelaze didi
Sesawiria, 1986 w., sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II, „episto-
leni, sityvani, qadagebani“, tomi II, Tb., 1997 w. gv. 224.
154
XX s-is 80-iani wlebis Sua xanebSi sabWoTa saxelmwifosa
da eklesiis urTierTobaSi sagrZnobi cvlilebebi moxda. sabWo-
Ta kavSirSi dawyebulma `perestroikam~ xelisuflebis mxridan
mniSvnelovnad Seasusta eklesiis Seviwroeba. komunist Tu kom-
kavSirel aqtivistebs ukve aRar avalebdnen saeklesio dResas-
waulebze eklesiis karibWesTan darajobas da imaT dasmenas, vinc
wirvas eswreboda. amas daemata saqarTveloSi erovnuli moZrao-
bis axali etapis dawyeba da xalxis masobrivi mibruneba eklesii-
saken. mokle xanSi Cveni taZrebi ukve mrevls veRar itevda, saSo-
bao Tu saaRdgomo wirvisas aTasobiT adamiani taZris mimdebare
teritoriaze Tu axerxebda moxvedras.
XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis miwurulidan saqarTveloSi daiwyo
procesi, romelsac naklebad SeiZleba paraleli movuZebnoT saqar-
Tvelos istoriaSi. mokle xanSi asobiT axali taZari aigo qvey-
nis masStabiT. TiTqos Tanamedrove qarTveloba amiT inaniebda XX
saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi Cadenil codvas, rodesac taZrebis dan-
greva, sameurneo da `sazogadoebrivi~ daniSnulebiT maTi gadakeTe-
ba Cveulebrivi movlena iyo. sabWoTa periodSi ramdenime raionSi
saerTod moqmedi taZari ar arsebobda. `mebrZoli aTeizmis period-
Si~ eklesiis winaaRmdeg brZolam Sedegad is moitana, rom uamravi
sofeli saerTod eklesiis gareSe darCa. Zveli taZrebi nangrevebad
qceuliyo. gansakuTrebiT mZime viTareba iyo dasavleT saqarTvelo-
Si. yovelive es istoriaa kuTvnilebad iqca. XX saukunis 80-iani
wlebidan saqarTveloSi dawyebuli eklesia-monastrebis aRmSeneb-
lobas Tavisi masStabebiT analogi namdvilad Znelad Tu moeZebneba
Cveni eris warsulSi, ra Tqma unda, amis xelSemwyobi upirvelesad
misi uwmidesoba gaxldaT, romelic piradad Cadioda yvela axali
taZris kurTxevaze. yvelgan es movlena saxalxo zeimad iqceoda.
eklesi-monastrebis mSeneblobis masStabebi kargad Cans mcxe-
Ta-Tbilisis eparqiis magaliTze. XXI saukunis dasawyisisTvis
eparqiaSi moqmedebda 158 taZari, saidanac XX saukunis 80-90-ian
155
wlebSi aigo 82 eklesia.104 oraTeulze meti ki nangrevebidan aRad-
gines. aqve unda, iTqvas isic, rom sabWoTa periodSi, ra Tqma unda
yvela partiuli lideri rodi iyo eklesiisadmi kritikulad
ganwyobili. farulad bevri maTgani taZarSic dadioda da saekle-
sio dResaswaulebsac aRniSnavda. XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis
meore naxevarSi ki saqarTvelos komunisturi partiis liderebi
uSualod erTvebian eklesiisaTvis saWirboroto sakiTxebis ga-
dawyvetaSi. maT Soris, eklesiisaTvis taZrebis gadacemis proces-
Si. am periods ixsenebs im xanad saqarTvelos komunisturi par-
tiis pirveli mdivani jumber patiaSvili: `bevrs dResac hgonia,
rom komunisturi epoqa religiisa da samRvdeloebis arsebobas
ar cnobda, arada, centralur komitetSi, ministrTa sabWosTan spe-
cialuri samsaxuri arsebobda, romelic saxelmwifosa da ekle-
sias Soris urTierTobebs aregulirebda.
mis uwmidesobasac piradad pirvelad maSin Sevxvdi, rodesac
respublikis xelmZRvaneli gavxdi.
ver vixseneb verc erT winadadebas, romliTac sapatriarqos, pi-
radad patriarqs moumarTavs CvenTvis centraluri komitetis pir-
veli mdivnobis dros da igi dadebiTad ar gadawyvetila.
patriarqis TxovniTa da winadadebiT aRdga metexis eklesiac.
dResac cxadad maxsovs is emocia, pirvelad metexis taZris
gumbaTze jvari rom davinaxe, rodesac…sanapiroTi aeroportisken
mivdiodiT... metexis bedi maleve gaiziares gelaTis monasterma
da bolnisis sionma. manamde orive istoriul ZeglTa sammarT-
velos daqvemdebarebaSi iyo. patriarqis TxovniT, isini saqarT-
velos eklesias gadaeca da moqmedi gaxda... erT-erTi Sexvedris
dros, romelic centralur komitetSi, Cems kabinetSi Sedga, uw-
midesma saCuqrad jvarcmuli macxovris xati gadmomca da miTxra:
_ arsebuli sasuliero seminaria arasakmarisia Cveni qveynis
4 ir. gunia, mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiis taZrebi, Tb., 2002. dasaxelebul naSromSi
mocemulia mokle cnobebi mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiaSi arsebul eklesia-monastrebze,
maT Soris _ axlad aSenebul taZrebze.
156
sulieri ganviTarebisaTvis... kargi iqneba, da saqarTvelo aris imis
Rirsi, rom Cven sasuliero akademiac gvqondes.
radgan sionis sakaTedro taZris ezoSive mdebareobda uwmide-
sis rezidencia, gadavwyviteT, sasuliero akademiisTvisac Sesaferisi
farTobi mimdebare teritoriaze gamogveyo. mosaxleobas alterna-
tiuli sacxovrebeli SevTavazeT, gamoTavisuflebul farTobze ki
sasuliero akademia ganTavsda.~115
1987-1988 wlebSi saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II
ramdenjerme Sexvda saqarTvelos da Tbilisis partiul liderebs.
saubris Tema Seexeboda arsebuli eklesia-monastrebis mdgomareo-
bas da sapatriarqosaTvis gadacemas. gansakuTrebiT mwvaved idga
TbilisSi gauqmebul eklesiebSi wirva-locvis ganaxlebis, dangreu-
li Tu dangrevis piras myofi taZrebis aRdgenis sakiTxebi. am Sex-
vedrebis Semdeg gadawyda naZaladevSi abanod gadakeTebuli eklesiis
(iveriis RvTismSoblis xatis saxelobis eklesia) kvlav aRdge-
5 madlierebis niSnad kaTolikos-patriarqma jumber patiaSvils 1988 wlis 4 ian-
vars werili gaugzavna. `saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis pirvel
mdivans jumber ilias Ze patiaSvils
batono jumber,
gelaTis, iyalTos, gremis cnobil akademiaTa gauqmebis Semdeg 800 weli eloda
qarTveli xalxi saqarTveloSi umaRlesi sasuliero saswavleblis gaxsnas da axla
es kurTxeuli dRe dadga.
dadga igi, ra Tqma unda, uflis SewevniT; dadga igi uSualod Tqveni mxardaWeriTa
da daxmarebiT.
es aris is saqme, romlis sidiades erTbaSad ver aRiqvams adamiani.
es aris is saqme, romlis aRsrulebisTvis Taobebi ityvian madlobas.
xom WeSmaritad bednieria is adamiani, visac sxvisTvis sixarulis miniWeba Seu-
Zlia; da raoden usazRvro unda iyos bedniereba im pirovnebisa, visac ZaluZs, RvTis
gangebiT, didi da namdvili sixaruliT gaaxaros mTeli eri.
erT _ erTi aseTi sixaruli moutaneT Tqven Cvens xalxs, amitomac uRrmes ma-
dlobas gwiravT da glocavT; madlobas gwiravT Jurnal `jvris vazis~ gamocemis
gazrdis gamoc.
Tqveni Tanadgoma numc mogvklebodes.
Rrma pativiscemiT
ilia meore
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi~.
aRniSnuli werili inaxeba j. patiaSvili pirad arqivSi. ix. j. patiaSvili, ocdasami
wlis Semdeg, Tanaavtori elba foladaSvili, Tb., 2013, gv. 49-52.
157
na, nariyalaze wm. nikolozis saxelobis taZris aSeneba, metexis
RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesiis sapatriarqosaTvis gadacemis, Te-
atrisaTvis axali farTis gamoyofis sakiTxi. 1988 wlis 7 ivlisis
gankargulebiT, saqarTvelos sasuliero akademias axali teritoria
daeTmo, yofili qarvaslis Senoba. analogiuri suraTi iyo mTels
saqarTveloSi. aTwleulebis Semdeg Cvens uZveles taZrebSi kvlav
aRevlina wirva-locva da gaisma galobis xma. arsebuli realo-
bis oficialur gaformebas warmoadgenda saqarTvelos ministrTa
sabWos 1990 wlis aprilis dadgenileba, _ `respublikis teri-
toriaze ganlagebuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis da saqarTvelos
sapatriarqos yvela sakulto nageboba gamocxaddes saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakuTrebad~.126
XX saukunis 80-90-iani wlebis mijnaze safuZveli eyreboda
axal qarTul saxelmwifos. saqarTvelos marTlmadideblur ekle-
sias ubrundebodnen Tavisi sulieri Svilebi. TiTqosda istoria
ganmeordao. iseve rogorc X-XI ss-Si, eris politikur aRmavlobas
win uswrebda qveynis sulieri kaTarzisi, aseve moxda Cvens droSic.
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis brZolis gzaze eklesiam udidesi
roli Seasrula. religiurma da politikurma aRmavlobam Tav-
isTavad dabada azri axali kaTedralis agebisa, romelic axali
qarTuli saxelmwifos simbolod unda qceuliyo
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da une-
taresi ilia II wm. samebis taZris mSeneblobis dawyebisas aRniSnavda:
`dRes safuZveli eyreba wmida samebis taZars da amiT safuZveli ey-dRes safuZveli eyreba wmida samebis taZars da amiT safuZveli ey-
reba Zlier saqarTvelos. saqarTvelo eZebs Tavis dasayrdens. zogi-reba Zlier saqarTvelos. saqarTvelo eZebs Tavis dasayrdens. zogi-
erTi fiqrobs, rom es sayrdeni Zlieria im SemTxvevaSi, Tu eri aris erTi fiqrobs, rom es sayrdeni Zlieria im SemTxvevaSi, Tu eri aris
mravalricxovani, zogierTi fiqrobs, rom saxelmwifo Zlieria maSin, mravalricxovani, zogierTi fiqrobs, rom saxelmwifo Zlieria maSin,
Tu mas gaaCnia Zlieri SeiaraRebuli Zalebi. zogierTi fiqrobs, rom Tu mas gaaCnia Zlieri SeiaraRebuli Zalebi. zogierTi fiqrobs, rom
Zlieria eri im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas gaaCnia didi mecniereba da maRa-Zlieria eri im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas gaaCnia didi mecniereba da maRa-
6 s. vardosaniZe, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da uneta-
resi ilia II, Tb., 2013, gv. 62.
158
li kultura. es yvelaferi saWiroa, aucilebelia, magram pirveli da li kultura. es yvelaferi saWiroa, aucilebelia, magram pirveli da
aucilebeli aris eris sulieri Zliereba. ai, swored amisTvis varT aucilebeli aris eris sulieri Zliereba. ai, swored amisTvis varT
mowodebulni da amiT viwyebT Cveni eris ganmtkicebas... es sulieri mowodebulni da amiT viwyebT Cveni eris ganmtkicebas... es sulieri
Zliereba da qveynis gamTlianeba ganuyofelia~.Zliereba da qveynis gamTlianeba ganuyofelia~.
am sityvebis WeSmariteba Cvenma dromac daadastura. saqarTve-
loSi arsebuli ekonomikuri, politikuri krizisis miuxedavad, wm.
samebis taZarma marTlac rom eris gamaerTianeblis roli Seasrula.
xalxs uWirda, magram ukanasknel danazogs swiravda kaTedralis
mSeneblobas da amiT sulier simxneves iZenda. aTiaTasobiT adamianma
Seitana Tavisi wvlili taZris agebaSi.
dRevandeli gadasaxedidan SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tu ara misi uw-
midesoba, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II, wmida samebis
sakaTedro taZari ar aigeboda. aq ar igulisxmeba martooden ideis
dabadeba. taZris proeqtirebisa da mSeneblobis nebismieri detali
kaTolikos-patriarqtan Tanxmdeboda. igi iyo am udidesi saqmis su-
lis Camdgmeli da maorganizebeli Zala.
saqarTvelos sapatriarqosa da xelisuflebas Soris sakaT-
edro taZris mSeneblobis Taobaze oficialuri mimowera 1988
wlis agvistoSi daiwyo. am dros saqarTvelo jer kidev sabWoTa
kavSiris SemadgenlobaSi imyofeboda. arc erovnuli moZraoba iyo
farTod gaSlili. advili ar iyo xelisuflebis darwmuneba da
kaTedralis agebis ideaSi mxardaWeris mopoveba. am dros, mTeli
sisruliT, mxolod mis uwmidesobas hqonda warmodgenili, ra
muxts Sematebda Cvens nacionalur TviTSegnebas axali sakaTedro
taZris ageba. ra rols Seasrulebda es wamowyeba eklesiisaken
mTeli eris Semobrunebis saqmeSi. magram yovelive amis gacxade-
ba saqmes daazianebda da amitomac, Tbilisis aRmaskomis Tavmj-
domaris, irakli andriaZis saxelze miweril werilSi patriarqi
axsenebs saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis 1500 wlisTavs da
axali sakaTedro taZris agebas am TariRs ukavSirebs. es werili,
rogorc iTqva, aris pirveli dokumenti, romliTac wm. samebis
taZris istoria iwyeba.
159
`mSromelTa deputatebis sabWos Tbilisis `mSromelTa deputatebis sabWos Tbilisis
aRmasrulebeli komitetis TavmjdomaresaRmasrulebeli komitetis Tavmjdomares
baton irakli andriaZesbaton irakli andriaZes
batono irakli,batono irakli,
mogexsenebaT, rogori uZvelesi, mravalferovani da brwyinvalea mogexsenebaT, rogori uZvelesi, mravalferovani da brwyinvalea
qristianuli xanis qarTuli kultura. es Sedegia 1500-wlovani qristianuli xanis qarTuli kultura. es Sedegia 1500-wlovani
damoukidebeli qarTuli eklesiis arsebobisa. swored damoukide-damoukidebeli qarTuli eklesiis arsebobisa. swored damoukide-
beli eklesiis wyalobiT mieca saSualeba erovnul suls aRor-beli eklesiis wyalobiT mieca saSualeba erovnul suls aRor-
Zinebisa. Seiqmna qarTuli mwerlobis, mxatvrobis, arqiteqturis, Zinebisa. Seiqmna qarTuli mwerlobis, mxatvrobis, arqiteqturis,
galobis, minanqris, oqromWedlobis... ubadlo nimuSebi, yovelive is, galobis, minanqris, oqromWedlobis... ubadlo nimuSebi, yovelive is,
riTac Cven dRes samarTlianad vamayobT.riTac Cven dRes samarTlianad vamayobT.
amaSi didia Rvawli Cveni wminda mefis vaxtang gorgasalisa. amaSi didia Rvawli Cveni wminda mefis vaxtang gorgasalisa.
misi wyalobiT, misi mecadineobiT saqarTvelos eklesias ukve V misi wyalobiT, misi mecadineobiT saqarTvelos eklesias ukve V
saukuneSi mieniWa avtokefalia.saukuneSi mieniWa avtokefalia.
rogorc viciT, wels farTod aRiniSna 1000 weli ruse-rogorc viciT, wels farTod aRiniSna 1000 weli ruse-
Tis gaqristianebidan. ruseTis eklesiam miiRo gadawyvetileba am Tis gaqristianebidan. ruseTis eklesiam miiRo gadawyvetileba am
zeimTan dakavSirebiT axali taZris aSenebis Sesaxeb. mTavrobam zeimTan dakavSirebiT axali taZris aSenebis Sesaxeb. mTavrobam
mxari dauWira aRniSnuli ideis ganxorcielebas da dRes ukve mxari dauWira aRniSnuli ideis ganxorcielebas da dRes ukve
mimdinareobs samSeneblo samuSaoebi.mimdinareobs samSeneblo samuSaoebi.
Cvens eklesias aranaklebi istoria aqvs. am ramdenime xnis Cvens eklesias aranaklebi istoria aqvs. am ramdenime xnis
win Sesrulda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos damoukideblobis 1500 win Sesrulda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos damoukideblobis 1500
weli. kargi iqneboda, rom saqarTveloSic aSendes taZari, romel-weli. kargi iqneboda, rom saqarTveloSic aSendes taZari, romel-
ic simbolurad iqneba gamomxatveli Cveni avtokefaliuri ekle-ic simbolurad iqneba gamomxatveli Cveni avtokefaliuri ekle-
siis TxuTmetsaukunovani istoriisa. es eklesia unda iyos gamor-siis TxuTmetsaukunovani istoriisa. es eklesia unda iyos gamor-
Ceuli Tavisi masStabiTac da arqiteqturiTac.Ceuli Tavisi masStabiTac da arqiteqturiTac.
imedia, Cveni xelisuflebisTvisac misaRebi iqneba es wina-imedia, Cveni xelisuflebisTvisac misaRebi iqneba es wina-
dadeba. mTavrobis Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi gamocxadebuli iqneba dadeba. mTavrobis Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi gamocxadebuli iqneba
konkursi da ukeTesi proeqtis mixedviT daiwyeba mSenebloba. konkursi da ukeTesi proeqtis mixedviT daiwyeba mSenebloba.
sasurvelia, es sakaTedro taZari aigos qalaqis centralur sasurvelia, es sakaTedro taZari aigos qalaqis centralur
nawilSi.nawilSi.
gTxovT, dagvexmaroT aRniSnuli sakiTxis dadebiTad gad-gTxovT, dagvexmaroT aRniSnuli sakiTxis dadebiTad gad-
awyvetaSi da Sesaferisi adgilis SerCevaSi.awyvetaSi da Sesaferisi adgilis SerCevaSi.
160
Rrma pativiscemiTRrma pativiscemiT
ilia IIilia II
sruliad saqarTvelos sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi~.kaTolikos-patriarqi~.13137
qalaqis mTavroba didi gulisyuriT moekida saqarTvelos kaTo-
likos-patriarqis iniciativas da umokles xanSi Seiqmna specialuri
komisia, romelsac daevala sakaTedro taZrisaTvis adgilis SerCeva.
daiwyo momavali taZrisaTvis adgilis Zieba. aRniSnuli sakiTxis
irgvliv imsjeles 23 noembers Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskom-
Si kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is stumrobisas. patriarqs gaac-
nes komisiis muSaobis winaswari Sedegebi. komisiam mizanSewonilad
miiCnia taZris ageba mtkvris marcxena sanapiroze, baraTaSvilis aR-
marTis zeda terasaze. amas mohyva saukeTeso proeqtis SesarCevad
konkursis gamocxadeba.
farTo sazogadoebam TbilisSi wm. samebis sakaTedro taZris
agebis idea pirvelad 1989 wlis aprilSi Seityo. 5 maiss ki saqarT-
velos kaTolikos-patriarqi Tbilisis mTavar arqiteqturul-dageg-
marebiT sammarTveloSi qarTvel arqiteqtorebs Sexvda. uwmidesi
garkveul moTxovnebs ayenebda arqiteqtorTa winaSe, Tu rogori
unda yofiliyo momavali sakaTedro taZari. man sityviT mimarTa
damswre sazogadoebas. patriarqi Seexo kaTedralis arqiteqturul
formebsa da gadawyvetis ramdenime detalsac: `mZime dReebi daudga
saqarTvelos, _ aRniSna saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, _ magram
es ubedureba gvaiZulebs, momavalzec vifiqroT. meoce saukune me-
tad mniSvnelovani saukunea, winaaRmdegobebiT savse. mecnierebasa da
teqnikaSi gadaidga giganturi nabijebi, magram sulieri da maradi-
uli problemebi bevrisaTvis meorexarisxovani gaxda. materialuri
siuxve ar aris sakmarisi bednierebisaTvis, piriqiT, Seiqmna vakuumi,
romelsac verafriT SevavsebT, Tu ara rwmeniT, romelic iseve gves-
aWiroeba, rogorc haeri da wyali...
bevrs axsovs carieli sioni. kaTolikos-patriarqis wirvasac
7 saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivi, dok. #14500.
161
ki ramdenime kaci eswreboda. axla, RvTis wyalobiT, dadga Jami
moqcevisa; dRevandelma religiurma aqtiurobam gvafiqrebina, rom
aucilebelia axali taZris aSeneba, miT umetes, rom Sesrulda 1500
weli saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliisa. amitom gadavwyviteT, am
TariRTan dakavSirebiT, aigos taZari wminda samebis saxelze, sadac
iqneba trapezebic saqarTvelos eklesiis wmindanTaTvis, yuradRe-
ba unda gamaxvildes vaxtang gorgaslis Rvawlzec eklesiis da-
moukideblobis mopovebisaTvis.
rac Seexeba taZars, misi daproeqtebisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT,
rom es ar aris mxolod istoriuli Zegli, taZari karibWea kacsa
da RmerTs Soris. igi unda iyos didi, Tanamedrove, magram ara Cvens
istoriul da kulturul fesvebs mowyvetili.
kargi iqneba, Tu misi interieri mopirkeTdeba Tlili qviT, ro-
melzec dabali reliefiT gamoisaxeba bibliuri scenebi, xolo eqs-
terieris qvis perangi aseve dabali reliefiT daifareba, oRond, aq
iqneba Cveni erisa da eklesiis amsaxveli siuJetebi. unda mieqces
yuradReba kaTakmevelTa wesis dacvas, romlis aRdgenasac axla vc-
dilobT.
gvekiTxebian, Tu ratom ar aris Jiuris Semadgenloba gamocxa-
debuli. Cven ar gvinda, winaswar vinme SevzRudoT, iqneb, Jiuris
wevrad dasaxelebuls survili hqondes konkursSi monawileobisa.
Semdeg ki yvela masalas, rac warmodgenili iqneba konkursze, erTad
SevkravT, davurTavT maT avtorTa fotoebs, biografiebs da gamov-
cemT wignad, raTa STamomavloba icnobdes yvelas, vinc am did saqmeSi
monawileobda~.
1990 wlis 8 Tebervals, daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis dRes, mxat-
vris saxlSi, wm. samebis sakaTedro taZris sakonkurso proeqtebis
gamofena gaixsna, romelzec gamarjvebuli ver gamovlinda da saWiro
gaxda meore turis Catareba. aqve ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos kon-
kursze warmodgenili proeqtebis arqiteqturuli mravalferovneba.
bevrisTvis miuRebeli aRmoCnda modernizmi saeklesio arqiteqtu-
raSi, nawili, piriqiT, iwonebda amgvar tendencias. misi uwmidesobac
162
ar Cqarobda gadawyvetilebis miRebas da amitomac gadawyda ramde-
nime TveSi sakonkurso proeqtebis gamofenis mowyoba. meore turi
2 seqtembers gaixsna.148 pirvel turTan SedarebiT, arqiteqtorebma
gacilebiT srulyofili namuSevrebi warmoadgines. sabolood saqar-
Tvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma gamarjvebulad axalgazrda arqiteq-
tori arCil mindiaSvili daasaxela.
xuroTmoZRvarni, odiTganve, udides mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen
adgils, sadac unda aRemarTaT TavianTi qmnileba. TveobiT dae-
Zebdnen iseT teritorias, sadac harmoniulad Seerwymoda erT-
maneTs garemo da taZari.
qarTul eklesia-monastrebis xilvisas upirvelesad aRtace-
baSi mohyavxar arqiteqtoris gadawyvetilebas: ra saocari gumaniT
SeurCevia adgili taZrisaTvis! tao-klarjeTis, samcxis, qarTl-kaxeTis,
guria-aWarisa Tu imereT-samegrelos Zeglebi gana iseTi esTetikur
siamovnebas mogvaniWebdnen, sxva reliefze rom yofiliyvnen agebulni.
Cveni xuroTmoZRvarni saocrad uTavsebdnen garemos momavali taZris
formasa da masStabebs. Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs taZrisa da mSeneblobis
adgilis Sexamebas zogadad Zeglis aRqmaSi, kargad Cans mcxeTis jvris
magaliTze. igi isea Serwymuli mcxeTis Tavze aRmarTul mTas, rom
mnaxvels eqmneba STabeWdileba, TiTqos am mTidan iyos amozrdili. anda
aviRoT banas SesaniSnavi kaTedrali. taos es nawili sakmaod xriokia,
miuxedavad amisa, xuroTmoZRvarma mainc moZebna iseTi adgili, sadac
buneba Tavad qmnis ferTa harmonias. taZris fasadi SeZerwilia moyvi-
Talo naTali qviT da saocrad miesadageba garemos.
romeli erTi Zegli CamovTvaloT.
es sakiTxi yvela qveynisa da epoqis arqiteqtorTa safiqrali
iyo da aris.
Sesabamis sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobis dawyebamde amave prob-
lemis winaSe dadga Cveni sazogadoebac. yvelas kargad esmoda, rom
8 samebis sakaTedro taZris proeqtis SerCevisaTvis Catarebuli konkursis orive
turis vrceli mimoxilva, namuSevarTa saTanado SefasebiT mocemulia naSromSi: j.
samuSia, ase Sendeboda Tbilisis wmida samebis sakaTedro taZari, Tb. 2010, gv., 56-114.
163
momavali qmnileba harmoniulad unda Serwymoda garemos da qalaq-
is organul nawilad qceuliyo. jer kidev sawyis etapze, rode-
sac mxolod proeqtebis ganxilva mimdinareobda, arqiteqtorebi da
xelovnebaTmcodneebi sagangebod miuTiTebdnen wm. samebis taZris
kompleqsis qalaqis dagegmarebaSi faqizad `Casmis~ aucileblobaze.
meore turis Semdeg TiTqos gadawyvetili iyo momavali taZris
avlabris platoze ageba. magram sxvadasxva faqtorma ganapiroba
axali adgilis Zieba. upirvelesi mizezi iyo is, rom 1991-1992 ww.
Semdeg, faqtobrivad, SeuZlebeli gaxldaT baraTaSvilis aRmarTis
zeda terasis gamoTavisufleba mSeneblobisaTvis. am periodisaTvis
sakiTxis gadawyvetis erTaderTi realuri gza iyo qalaqis cen-
tralur nawilSi Tavisufali adgilis moZieba, sadac SesaZlebeli
iqneboda kaTedralisa da sapatriarqo rezidenciis ganTavseba. didi
sja-baasis Sedegad gadawyda, rom wm. samebis taZrisaTvis vakeSi,
studqalaqis teritoriaze gamoeyoT adgili.
vakeSi sapatriarqo rezidenciis gadatana aSkarad gamoiwvev-
da qalaqis am nawilSi qalaqdagegmarebiT sirTuleebs. am peri-
odSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi gamarTuli Sexvedrisas vakis
studqalaqis paralelurad, variantis doneze, momavali kaTedralis
asagebad SeirCa aseve avlabarSi `megobrobis parkis~ teritoria.
am mosazrebas Tavidanve bevri mxardamWeri gauCnda, rasac araerTi
dadebiTi faqtori ganapirobebda. jer erTi `megobrobis parkis~
teritoria gacilebiT didi iyo, vidre vakis studqalaqisa, meore, am
adgilze agebuli kaTedrali Tbilisis uamravi adgilidan iqneboda
SesamCnevi da mesame, mas Tavisuflad SeeZlo dedaqalaqis am nawilSi
dominantis rolis Sesruleba. sabolood, 1995 wlis seqtemberSi,
wm. samebis sakaTedro taZris asagebad SeirCa isan-samgoris raionSi,
elias ubanSi arsebuli `megobrobis parkis~ teritoria.159
1994 wlis 14 oqtombers, sveticxovlis dResaswaulze, svet-
icxovlis sakaTedro taZarSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-
9 vrclad ix. j. samuSia, ase Sendeboda Tbilisis wmida samebis sakaTedro taZari,
gv.,38-54.
164
triarqma samebis sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobis fondis dafuZneba
gamoacxada. 1995 wlis ivlisidan fonds saTaveSi Caudga saer-
TaSoriso sainJinro akademiisa da saqarTvelos sainJinro akademiis
wevri irakli andriaZe.
1995 wlis 23 noembers elias mTaze momavali sakaTedro taZris
qvabulis amoReba daiwyo. 1996 wlis 3 marts saZirkveli ekurTxa.
saZirkvlis kurTxevis Semdeg, pirvel etapze, mSenebloba sakma-
od kargi tempiT mimdinareobda. magram male siZneleebma iCina Tavi.
misi uwmindesobis ganwyoba, rwmena imisa, rom taZari aucileblad
aigeboda, yvelas udides enTuziazms unergavda. mwiri dafinansebis
pirobebSi taZari nel-nela miiwevda 0.00 niSnulisaken. amis para-
lelurad 1998 wels sakaTedro taZris samxreTiT aigo wm. ilia
Tezbitelis xis eklesia (1999 wlis 2 marts, gamTeniisas xis
eklesia gaurkvevel viTarebaSi daiwva. 2000 wlisaTvis wm. ilia
Tezbitelis axali qvis eklesiis Seneba daiwyo).
2000 wlisaTvis kaTedralis miwisqveSa nawili dasrulebuli
iyo. swored 2000 wlidan gamoCnda kaTedralis generaluri spon-
sori, biZina ivaniSvili, romlis finansuri daxmarebiTac aigo es
grandiozuli taZari.
ZiriTadi karkasis mSenebloba 2001 wlis miwurulisTvis ukve
dasrulebuli iyo. 2002 wlis ianvar-martSi gumbaTis yelis mSen-
ebloba warmoebda.
wmida samebis sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobis istoriaSi erT-er-
Ti ZiriTadi etapi dasrulda 2002 wlis 31 marts, rodesac gum-
baTze bolo betoni Caisxa. kaTedrali mTeli grandiozulobiTY
amoiwia Tbilisis Tavze.
2002-03 ww-Si ZiriTadad taZris mopirkeTebis samuSaoebi mim-
dinareobda. 2003 wlis 6 dekembers wm. samebis sakaTedro taZarze
jvari aRimarTa.
wm. samebis sakaTedro taZari mfarvelad moevlinaTbiliss da
sruliad saqarTvelos. qarTul xuroTmoZRvrul ZeglTagan wmida same-
bis sakaTedro taZari yvelaze masStaburia. dedaqalaqSi igi TiTqmis
165
yvela wertilidan Cans. uSualod kaTedrali ori _ miwiszeda da
miwisqveSa nawilisagan Sedgeba. saerTo simaRle nulovani niSnulidan
jvris CaTvliT 86.10 metria (uSualod jvari 7,5 metris simaRlisaa).
lavris miwisqveSa nawilSi ori sarTuli mdebareobs. taZris fundamen-
ti 14,07 metris siRrmezea (qveda sarTulis iataki 13,07 metrzea. amas
emeteba erTmetriani fundamenti). wm. samebis taZris saerTo simaRle,
am monacemebiT, 100,17 metria (86.10+14.07). wm. samebis taZris sigrZe
70,450 metri, sigane ki 64.68 metria.1610
2004 wlis gazafxulze gadawyda, wmida samebis sakaTedro
taZari 23 noembers, giorgobis brwyinvale dResaswaulze ekurTxe-
binaT. ramdenadac cnobilia, mTlianad kompleqsSi 12 eklesiaa: uSua-
lod kaTedralSi ganTavsebulia 10 eklesia: wm. samebis sakaTedro
taZari, xarebis eklesia, mTavarangelozTa saxelobis eklesia, wmida
ioane naTlismcemlis saxelobis eklesia, wmida ninos saxelobis
eklesia, wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis eklesia, wmida
nikolozis saxelobis eklesia, yovelTa wmidaTa saxelobis eklesia,
Tormeti mociqulis saxelobis eklesia, wmida giorgis saxelobis
eklesia. kompleqsis samxreT karibWesTan aRmarTulia wm. ilia Tez-
bitelis saxelobis eklesia, xolo dasavleT (centralur) karibWis
Tavze iveriis RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia.
2004 wlis 23 noemberi, wm. samebis sakaTedro taZris kurTxeva,
sruliad saqarTvelosaTvis udides dResaswaulad iqca. am dRes
dilidanve aTasobiT morwmune ewvia elias mTas. wmida samebis sakaT-
edro taZris kurTxeva dilis 7 saaTze daiwyo da igi Caatares _
ninowmindisa da sagarejos episkoposma lukam, samTavisisa da go-
ris episkoposma andriam da gurjaanisa da veliscixis episkoposma
eqvTimem. trapezis kurTxeva daasrula misma uwmidesobam, sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma ilia II-m, ris Semdegac daiwyo
sadResaswaulo wirva.
10 taZris moculobis mimoxilva mocemulia naSromSi, j. samuSia, ase Sendeboda
Tbilisis wmida samebis sakaTedro taZari, gv.,160-202.
166
kurTxevidan TiTqmis aTma welma ganvlo. taZari yovelTvis sav-
sea mlocvelebiT. da ase iqneba ukuniTsi ukunisamde. wmida samebis
taZris karibWes milionobiT adamiani gadaabijebs. gaivlis wlebi,
saukuneebi, wm. samebis sakaTedro taZari ki darCeba Cveni eris Seu-
ryeveli rwmenis, erTobis, SemarTebis simbolod. uflis nebiT, is
Seasrulebs RmerTsa da kacTa Soris karibWis funqcias.
erT werilSi Znelia mTeli sisruliT warmoCndes yvela is
miRweva, romelic bolo aTwleulebis manZilze ganicada saeklesio
arqiteqturam. Tu ra mdgomareoba sufevda am mimarTulebiT gasuli
saukunis 80-ian wlebSi, amaze naTel warmodgenas gviqmnis samebis
sakaTedro taZris asagebad gamocxadebuli konkursis pirveli tur-
is masalebis vizualuri daTvaliereba. Cvens arqiteqtorebsa da
mSeneblebs imxanad eklesiaTa agebis gamocdileba TiTqmis ar gaaCn-
daT. amitomac proeqtTa umetesoba sayofacxovrebo daniSnulebis
nagebobas ufro waagavda, vidre RvTis saxls. dRes ki, wlebis Sem-
deg, ra SesaniSnavad Cans am saukunis wamowyebis dedaazri. saqme
martooden erTi konkretuli taZris, Tundac sakaTedro taZari
yofiliyo, agebaSi rodi mdgomareobda. misi uwmidesoba, saqarTve-
los kaTolikos-patriarq ilia II-m SesaniSnavad ganWvrita, rom
es mSenebloba Cveni eris sulieri aRmavlobis sawindrad iqceoda.
imavdroulad, es wamowyeba aTwleulobiT miviwyebuli saeklesio
arqiteqturis, mxatvrobis, Wedurobisa Tu sxva dargTa aRorZinebis
safuZveli gaxdeboda.
167
goCa saiTiZegoCa saiTiZe
2008 wlis saqarTvelo-ruseTis omi 2008 wlis saqarTvelo-ruseTis omi
da saqarTvelos eklesiada saqarTvelos eklesia
2008 wlis agvistos movlenebis gaxseneba rTulia,
Cvens tkivilTan aris dakavSirebuli da arasasiamovno mov-
lenebTan Cveni istoriisa. amave dros, minda aRvniSno, rom is, rac
xdeboda, iman gamoaCina TiToeuli adamianis, mTeli sazogadoebis
mdgomareoba, misi damokidebuleba mamulisadmi da bolo xanebSi
ganviTarebuli movlenebis erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso epizodia~
(mTavarepiskoposi andria gvazava).
2008 wlis agvistos damdegs saqarTvelosa da e. w. samxreT
oseTis SeiaraRebul Zalebs Soris intensiuri srolebi daiwyo, ris
Sedegadac ramdenime adamiani daiWra da daiRupa. orive mxare sro-
lis dawyebaSi erTmaneTs adanaSaulebda. 7 agvistosTvis saqarTve-
los SeiaraRebuli Zalebis 10 jariskaci iyo daRupuli.
7 agvistos sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmi-
desma da unetaresma ilia II-m dapirispirebul mxareebs Serigebisa da
urTierTSoris arsebuli problemebis mSvidobiani gziT gadaWrisken
mouwoda: gamovTqvamT Cvens did SeSfoTebasa da gulistkivils sama-
CabloSi bolo dReebSi Seqmnili mdgomareobis gamo.
sisxli da msxverpli Cvens Soris arsebul situacias kidev
ufro gaamwvavebs da ufskruls gaaRrmavebs. amitomac movuwodebT
rogorc saqarTvelos xelisuflebas, ise osur mxares, yvelas, visT-
visac Zvirfasia adamianis sicocxle da Cveni qveynis mSvidobiani
ganviTareba, yvelaferi gaakeTon, raTa Sewydes saomari dapirispireba
da problemebi mSvidobiani gziT gadawydes.
aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos xelisufleba samSvidobo poli-
tikis gatarebis momxrea. vimedovnebT, osuri mxarec ar gaamwvavebs
168
viTarebas. osebs da qarTvelebs saukunovani naTesaoba, megobroba da,
rac mTavaria, qristianuli rwmena gvaerTianebs da unda SevZloT
mSvidobian Tanacxovrebas sisxlis gareSe mivaRwioT.
mivmarTav saqarTvelos eklesiis sasuliero pirebs da morwmune
ers _ gaaZlieron locva mSvidobisaTvis~.
7 agvistos, saRamos, saqarTvelos prezidentis _ mixeil saa-
kaSvilis brZanebiT, qarTulma mxarem srolis calmxrivad Sewyveta
gamoacxada. prezidentma konfliqtis mxareebs `nebismier formatSi~
molaparakebisken mouwoda. sapasuxod, separatistebis Tavdasxmebma
qarTul soflebze ufro mwvave xasiaTi miiRo, soflebi _ avnevi, Ta-
maraSeni, eredvi, nuli da frisi sastikad daibomba, qurTas policiis
Senoba mowinaaRmdegis artileriis intensiuri cecxlis qveS moeqca,
mSvidobiani mosaxleoba soflebidan gaixizna.
7 agvistos, RamiT, saqarTvelos SeiaraRebulma Zalebma daiwyes
sapasuxo samxedro operacia qalaq cxinvalze kontrolisa da re-
gionSi wesrigis dasamyareblad. am droisTvis 58-e rusuli armia
rokis gvirabis gavliT ukve Semosuli iyo cxinvalis regionis
teritoriaze.
8 agvistos qarTulma jarma ramdenime sofeli (muguTi, did-
muxa, dmenisi, sarabuki da sxv.) daikava da cxinvalis misadgomebTan
imyofeboda. zogierTma nawilma qalaqSi Sesvlac moaxerxa. rusuli
samxedro qvedanayofebi saomar moqmedebebSi Caebnen; paralelurad,
rusulma aviaciam saqarTvelos sxva regionebis, maT Soris, goris
da foTis, agreTve, strategiuli obieqtebis (vazianis samxedro
baza, marneulis samxedro aerodromi da a. S.), sahaero dabombvebic
daiwyo. msoflios araerTi saxelmwifos liderma da saerTaSoriso
organizaciam ruseTs cecxlis Sewyvetisken mouwoda.
8 agvistos saqarTvelos sapatriarqom specialuri gancxadeba
gaavrcela: ̀ saqarTvelos sapatriarqo kidev erTxel did SeSfoTebas
da gulistkivils gamoTqvams cxinvalis regionSi Seqmnili mdgoma-
reobis gamo. cnobilia, rom aris msxverpli da daWrilebi rogorc
samxedro SenaerTebSi, aseve mSvidobian mosaxleobaSi.
169
sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II mouwodebs
saqarTvelos eklesiis mrevls, gaaZlieron locva mSvidobisaTvis,
ikiTxon fsalmunni da paraklisebi.
dRes, saRamos 7 saaTze, sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-pat-
riarqi wmida samebis sakaTedro taZarSi aRavlens samSvidobo
locvas. amave dros, anu 19.00 sT-ze saqarTveloSi yvela moqmed-
ma taZarma unda Caataros yovladwmida RvTismSoblis savedrebeli
paraklisi. garda amisa, taZrebSi yoveldRe unda Catardes wir-
va-locva saomari moqmedebis Sewyvetamde~.
9 agvistos cxinvalis misadgomebTan brZolebi grZeldeboda,
ris Semdegac ruseTis 58-e armiis qvedanayofebi da sahaero Zale-
bis fskovis 76-e sahaero divizia cxinvalSi Sevidnen. ruseTis
samxedro aviaciam liaxvis xeobis cxrave qarTuli sofeli, agreTve,
senakis samxedro baza, foTis porti, vazianis aerodromis asafreni
biliki da onis raionis soflebi wedisi da bari dabomba; samxedro
nawilebi, afxazur ZalebTan erTad, kodoris xeobaSi SeiWrnen; qalaq
gorSi yumbarebi e. w. kombinatis dasaxlebaSi sacxovrebel korpu-
sebs moxvda. daiRupa aTeulobiT jariskaci da mSvidobiani mosaxle.
9 agvistos sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmi-
desma da unetaresma ilia II-m Tbilisis respublikur saavadmyofosa
da RuduSauris klinikaSi daWrili meomrebi moinaxula. man akur-
Txa, anugeSa da gaamxneva daWrilebi da gadasca maT fuladi Tanxa,
Svidgzis locvebi da nugbari. saqarTvelos eklesiis yvela eparqi-
is sasuliero pirebi Tav-TavianT samwysoebSi rCebodnen, dadiodnen
soflebsa da qalaqebSi, nugeSs scemdnen xalxs, maTTvis gasaWiris
Semsubuqebas cdilobdnen.
kaTolikos-patriarqma msoflio Tanamegobrobas saqarTveloSi
situaciis mSvidobiani gadawyvetis saqmeSi qmediTi daxmarebis aR-
moCena sTxova. man Semdegi Sinaarsis gancxadeba gamosca: `saqarTve-
los eklesia gamoxatavs did mwuxarebas qveyanaSi Seqmnili mdgo-
mareobis gamo da TanagrZnobas ucxadebs daRupulTa da daWrilTa
ojaxebs _ rogorc qarTvelebs, ise osebs. es Cveni saerTo tragediaa,
170
magram aucilebelia yvelam icodes da, gansakuTrebiT, cxinvalis re-
gionis mosaxleobam (iseve rogorc afxazeTSi mcxovrebmac), rom maT
qarTvelebi ar ebrZvian da maTi gaZeveba aravis surs. saqarTvelo
Tavisi sazRvrebis mTlianobas icavs. es survili samarTliania da
amas saerTaSoriso normebic iTvaliswinebs.
yvelam icis, rom samxreT oseTis avtonomia saqarTvelos Zala-
dobrivi gasabWoebis Sedegia, romelic Cvens istoriul teritoriaze
mxolod 80-90 wlis win Seiqmna da igi ar unda iqnas gamoyenebuli
separatizmis safuZvlad.
am miwa-wyalze saukuneTa manZilze qarTvelebTan erTad yovel-
Tvis mSvidobianad cxovrobdnen osebic, iseve rogorc afxazeTSi _
afxazebi. Cven kvlavac mosurneni varT mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebisa,
magram qarTveli eri verasodes Seegueba Tavisi sazRvrebis xe-
lyofas. saqarTvelos arasdros miutacia sxvisi teritoria, magram
Tavisas bolomde daicavs. ase rom, es aris teritoriuli mTliano-
bisTvis brZola da ara _ eTnokonfliqti.
saqarTvelos eklesia yovelTvis iyo da aris problemebis sa-
marTliani da mSvidobiani gziT gadaWris momxre, xolo mSvidoba
samarTlis gareSe ver damyardeba. amitomac mivmarTavT ruseTis
xelisuflebas _ Sewyviton sruliad gaumarTlebeli agresiuli
qmedebebi saqarTvelos teritoriaze da Tavisi mxardaWeriT nu waa-
xaliseben separatistul Zalebs.
aseve mivmarTavT saqarTvelos xelisuflebas da saerTaSoriso
sazogadoebas _ gamoiyenon yvela SesaZlebloba, raTa SeCerdes sisx-
lisRvra da politikuri da sxva gzebi gamoiZebnos samarTlianobis
aRsadgenad.
es ar aris mxolod saqarTvelosTvis da, Tundac, mxolod kav-
kasiisTvis saWiro qmedeba. aq, evraziis SesayarTan, mravali qveynis
bedi wydeba.
saqarTvelos istoria _ gansacdelebis istoriaa. Cven SevZlebT
gavuZloT Seqmnil problemebsac. mTavaria, droulad gadaidgas swo-
ri nabijebi, raTa situacia kidev ufro ar garTuldes.
171
locvas didi Zala aqvs. yvelas kidev erTxel mogiwodebT, gaaZ-
lieroT RvTisadmi vedreba~.
10 agvistos saqarTvelos jaris nawilebma cxinvalis misad-
gomebTan gadainacvles. cxinvalTan warmoebuli brZolebis dros
daiWra ruseTis 58-e armiis meTauri, general-leitenanti anato-
li xruliovi. rusulma xomaldebma saqarTvelos SavizRvispire-
Ti dablokes, dasavleT saqarTveloSi saxmeleTo jarebi Sevidnen,
samxedro aviaciam qalaqi gori da misi mimdebare soflebi, agreTve,
saavacio qarxnis `TbilaviamSenis~ teritoria dabomba.
11 agvistos TbilisSi safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa ministri
bernar kuSneri, agreTve, evropis ramdenime saxelmwifos (ukrainis,
poloneTis, litvis, latviis da estoneTis) meTauri Camovida. ru-
sulma aviaciam cxinvalis regionis da goris raionis soflebze,
agreTve, Tbilissa da mis Semogarenze, sahero Seteva ganaxorciela;
senakis samxedro baza da zugdidis policiis sadguri rusma samxed-
roebma daikaves; goridan qarTuli samxedro nawilebis araorganize-
buli ukandaxeva daiwyo.
ruseTis armiis nawilebis samxedro moqmedebebis Sedegad umZi-
mes mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqiis samR-
vdeloeba, eklesia-monastrebi; seriozulad dazianda sofel xeiTis,
ikorTis, qemertis, sveris eklesiebi; niqozisa da cxinvalis mitro-
politis, meufe isaias (Wanturia) rezidenciis teritoriaze, sofel
zemo niqozSi, 32 Wurvi Camovarda. meufe isaia da adgilze myofi
sxva adamianebi sikvdils saswaulebrivad gadaurCnen.
ramdenime dRiT adre zemo niqozSi samTavisisa da goris mTava-
repiskoposi meufe andria (gvazava) imyofeboda, romelic SemdgomSi
igonebda: `roca CavediT niqozSi, vnaxeT iq mdgomareoba. am dros
qarTuli nawilebi cxinvalSi Sesvlas cdilobdnen... mivediT meufe
isaiasTan. masTan saubris Semdeg gadawyda iqidan dedebis gamoyvana.
TviTon meufem niqozis datovebaze uari ganacxada da darCena irCia,
rac srulebiT gasagebi da bunebrivic iyo. meore dRes dedebi gamo-
viyvaneT. meufis rezidencia jer dabombili ar iyo~.
172
niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqiis rezidenciis dabombvis faqts
meufe isaia ase ixsenebda: `ver getyviT, ratom moxda monastris
dabombva. ezoSi sami manqana idga... SesaZloa, dabombvis sababic es
gaxda. Tavidan vecadeT, monastris manqana mogveridebina srolebs
da cota mofarebul adgilSi davayeneT, Tumca, verc iq gadaurCa
dacxrilvas. monastris sakuTrebaSi gvyavda aseve erTi mikroavto-
busi, riTac soflebis mosaxleobas vemsaxurebodiT. im dReebSi am
avtobusiT gavxizneT mosaxleoba, sxva transporti aRar arsebobda.
Semdeg mama antons vTxove, Camosuliyo axalgoridan, raTa aq
erTi moZRvari mainc yofiliyo. amgvarad, ezoSi idga Cemi manqana,
mikroavtobusi da mama antonis manqana. ar vici, ra ifiqres da, Sesa-
Zloa, am manqanebis danaxvam ganapiroba monastris dabombva...
wirvis Semdeg yvelani satrapezoSi visxediT, cota gagvigrZelda
saubari. im dRes CvenTan erTad iyo erTi Cveni mezobeli, romelmac
ori Rame gaatara monasterSi. TviTmfrinavebis xma rom Semogvesma,
man gareT gaixeda, SevZaxeT, Semosuliyo da, rogorc ki mobrunda,
Cveni dabombvac daiwyo.
Cveni satrapezo erTsarTuliani nageboba iyo, mis gverdiT sena-
kebi gvqonda. marto im adgilas 12 Wurvia Camovardnili, SeiZleba
metic. es nagebobebi monastris teritoriaze arsebul sasaxlesaa
miSenebuli, romelic SemaRlebul adgilze dgas da orsarTulian
nagebobas warmoadgens. amitom, TiTqos mofarebul adgilas viyaviT,
magram sasaxles dacemuli Wurvi Semdeg Cvens oTaxs daeca. yvelani
erT oTaxSi viyaviT da marTla RvTis wyaloba iyo, rom uklebliv
yvela gadavrCiT! eniT auwerelad Semzaravi iyo es dabombva~.
TviTmfrinavebiT dabombvis Sedegad samonastro nageboba mTlia-
nad daiwva, sruliad ganadgurda eparqiis biblioTeka da arqivi.
meufe isaiam sikvdils saswaulebrivad gadarCenili morCilebi da
stumrebi xifaTs gaarida. uwmidesis locva-kurTxeviT, monasterSi
mxolod igi da mama antoni darCnen. saomari moqmedebebis miuxedavad,
maT wirvebi ar CaugdiaT, RvTismsaxureba Cveulebriv ganagrZes.
sofelSi darCenili adgilobrivi mcxovreblebi, umTavresad, mo-
173
xucebi, dabombvebis dros Tavs sardafebs afarebdnen. soflis mosa-
xleobis saqoneli upatronod iyo mitovebuli. gaCnda dizinteriis
gavrcelebis saSiSroeba.
12 agvistos ruseTis samxedro nawilebma saqarTvelos Seiara-
Rebuli Zalebi cxinvalis regionidan da afxazeTidan gamodevnes.
imave dRes maT gori, foTi da saqarTvelos ramdenime sxva qalaqi da
raioni dabombes, ris Sedegadac ramdenime adamiani daiRupa.
Seqmnil viTarebaSi gori mosaxleobis nawilma datova _ axal-
gazrdebma, qalebma da bavSvebma; mamakacebi da moxucebi darCnen. qa-
laqSi darCenil mosaxleobas sWirdeboda yvelaferi: wyalic, puric
da dacvac.
mTavarepiskopos andrias TqmiT, `am dReebis ganmavlobaSi CvenTan
iyvnen da TavdadebiT iRvwodnen sasuliero pirebi _ mcxeTa-Tbi-
lisis eparqiis, Tbilisis wmida samebis monastris saZmo, dasavleT
evropis sasuliero dasis warmomadgenlebi... aq Cven sardafi gvaqvs.
dabombva iwyeboda saRamos pirze da diliT iyo ZiriTadi dabombva.
yvela CavdiodiT sardafSi. ramdenime Ramis gaTeneba sardafSi mo-
gviwia...
ase gagvqonda es dReebi, erTmaneTs vamxnevebdiT... yoveldRe iyo
liturgiebi, msaxureba taZarSi ar Sewyvetila. erTad vmsaxurebdiT
yvela, vaziarebdiT mrevls... Cven gamovdiodiT dRisiTac da wirvis
Semdeg vuvlidiT qalaqs nakurTxi wylis sxurebiT, vcdilobdiT
mosaxleobis ganmtkicebas, damSvidebas, nugeSiscemas. sasuliero pi-
rebi iyvnen TavianTi msaxurebis adgilze soflebSic, maT Soris, iqac,
sadac aqtiuri sabrZolo moqmedebebi mimdinareobda.
am dros gvigzavnidnen pirveladi moxmarebis aucilebel nivTebs
_ sakvebs da sawvavs. sawvavs imitom, rom Cvens eklesias gaaCnia
mcire sacxobi, romelic emsaxureba saepiskoposo rezidenciasTan
arsebul upovarTa sasadilos, maTTvis purs acxobs. es Cveni sacxobi
erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi gaxda erTaderTi adgili qalaqSi, sadac
puri cxveboda. keTdeboda sadili, cxveboda puri da usasyidlod
urigdeboda mosaxleobas. gazi, ra Tqma unda, gadaiketa, radgan gazi
174
saSiSia, raTa xanZari ar moxdes. amitom, Cveni sacxobi dizelis saw-
vavze muSaobda.
yvelasTvis TvalsaCino iyo, rom saqarTvelos eklesia da, upir-
veles yovlisa, misi winamZRoli da mamamTavari, Cveni patriarqi dgas
qveynisa da eris samsaxurSi da srulebiT iziarebs gansacdels, ro-
melic Tavs daatyda Cvens qveyanas.
es ar aris raRac gansakuTrebuli, es aris is yoveldRiuri cxo-
vreba, rasac eklesia ganaxorcielebs. es aris is yoveldRiuri msa-
xureba, romelic aris miRebuli marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi: mSierTa
dapureba, mwyurvalTa dawyureba, mwuxareTa nugeSiniscema, obolTa,
avadmyofTa da patimarTa mokiTxva da micvalebulTa dakrZalva. es
aris eklesiis cxovreba da mis yoveldRiurobas warmoadgens.
ubralod, gansxvaveba is iyo, rom es sagangebo mdgomareobaSi
aResruleboda, Tumca isic minda vTqva, rom Tuki yovelive amas
adamiani ar akeTebs yoveldRiur yofaSi, rodesac aqvs amisTvis
yovelgvari pirobebi, _ gansacdelis Jams amas veRar gaakeTebs, amis-
Tvis sulieri Zalebi ar eqneba. anu Tu es aris Seni yoveldRiuri
cxovrebis wesi, maSin amis erTguli darCebi gansacdelis Jamsac da
rac ar gagikeTebia mSvidobianobis dros, miT ufro ver gaakeTeb amas
maSin, rodesac amis SesaZlebloba SezRudulia da Sens sicocxles
safrTxe emuqreba.
amitom, me ver vityvi, rom raRac gansakuTrebuli gaakeTa ekle-
siam; Cven gavakeTeT is, rasac eklesia mudam aRasrulebs da rac unda
gagvekeTebina RvTisa da Cveni qveynis, Cveni eris winaSe~.
12 agvistos saqarTvelos prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma ga-
nacxada, rom saqarTvelo damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobro-
bidan gamodioda. samSvidobo iniciativiT jer moskovSi, Semdeg ki
TbilisSi evrokavSiris Tavmjdomare qveynis _ safrangeTis prezi-
denti nikola sarkozi Camovida. man mebrZol rusul da qarTul
mxareebs Cixidan gamosvlis eqvspunqtiani gegma SesTavaza.
imave dRes sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmi-
desma da unetaresma ilia II-m ruseTis prezidents _ dimitri med-
175
vedevs mimarTva gaugzavna, romelSic cecxlis saswrafod Sewyveti-
sa da samSvidobo molaparakebebis dawyebisken mouwoda. mimarTvaSi
kaTolikos-patriarqi, saxeldobr, aRniSnavda: `Tqveno aRmatebulebav,
batono prezidento, mogmarTavT Tqven, ruseTis prezidentsa da mTa-
varsardals saqarTvelosTvis da ara marto Cemi qveynisTvis mZime
dReebSi.
rogorc cnobilia, rusuli TviTmfrinavebi bombaven qarTul so-
flebsa da qalaqebs _ marTlmadideblebi klaven marTlmadideblebs!
daxocilTa da daWrilTa Soris arian bavSvebi, qalebi, moxuce-
bi, Jurnalistebi... sul axlaxans dabombes niqozisa da cxinvalis
mitropolit isaias rezidencia, romelic sakaTedro taZridan 50
metriTaa daSorebuli. TviTon meufe da misi morCilebi saswauliT
gadarCnen. ibombeba sacxovrebeli da sazogadoebrivi daniSnulebis
Senobebi...
ase rom, rusi meomrebis mier ar xdeba mxolod qarTuli samxed-
ro daniSnulebis obieqtebis gauvnebelyofa, rogorc amas rusi Jur-
nalistebi acxadeben.
rusuli sainformacio saSualebebi avrceleben imasac, TiTqos
qarTvelebi arian okupantebi, romelTac moawyves genocidi, rac, rbi-
lad rom vTqvaT, tyuilia.
Cven gamovTqvamT Rrma mwuxarebas aTasobiT gardacvlilis, _
rogorc qarTvelis, ise osebisa da rusebis gamo da didad vwuxvarT
Seqmnil situaciasTan dakavSirebiT.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia yovelTvis iyo da aris
problemebis mSvidobiani gziT mogvarebis momxre. Cven adrec amis
Sesaxeb araerTxel vacxadebdiT da axlac igives vimeorebT. Tumca
aucilebelia aRiniSnos isic, rom cxinvalis regioni, _ samxreT ose-
Ti aris ZirZveli qarTuli miwa, sadac osTa ZiriTadi nawili XVII
saukuneSi gadmosaxlda, xolo oseTis avtonomia gasuli saukunis
20-ian wlebSi komunistebis mier Seiqmna.
amitomac, sazRvrebis mTlianobis aRdgenis mcdeloba ar SeiZle-
ba Sefasdes rogorc Tavdasxma anda eTnokonfliqti. es igivea, rom
176
moulodnelad ruseTs Seeqmnas problema novgorodTan an smolen-
skTan mimarTebaSi da man daicvas Tavisi teritoria. miTumetes, rom
Tqvens qveyanas aqvs msgavsi gamocdileba CeCneTSi.
batono prezidento, me imedi maqvs Tqveni keTilgonierebisa.
am omSi veravin iqneba gamarjvebuli.
rusul-qarTul urTierTobebSi mZime periodebi yofila, magram
situacia Ria saomar moqmedebamde ar misula. amitomac, es aris
gansacdeli ara marto saqarTvelosTvis, anda rusul-qarTuli ur-
TierTobisTvis, aramed ruseTisTvisac.
aRniSnuli situaciis gagrZeleba kategoriulad dauSvebelia.
Cven yvelam unda vicodeT, rom vidre srulad ar aRdgeba saqarT-
velos teritoriuli mTlianoba, mudam iqneba daZabuloba da kon-
fliqtis saSiSroeba. erTaderTi gamosavali cecxlis uswrafesad
Sewyveta da samSvidobo molaparakebebis dawyebaa, raTa aRdges sa-
marTlianoba. sadac ar aris samarTlianoba, iq ar aris mSvidobac!
vfiqrob, RvTis SewevniT davZlevT dapirispirebas da Zmuri ur-
TierToba kvlav ganaxldeba.
RmerTma dalocos Cveni xalxebi mSvidobiTa da keTildReobiT~.
kaTolikos-patriarqma analogiuri Sinaarsis mimarTva ruseTis
premier-ministr vladimer putinsac gaugzavna.
12 agvistos ilia II-s mxardamWeri werili msoflio patriarqma
barTolomeos I-ma gamougzavna. igi aRniSnavda: `uwmidessa da une-
taress, sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs, qristes mier
sayvarel Zmas da Tanamwirvel ilia II-s.
Zmuri da uflismier amboriT gauwyebT: guldamZimebulni Tqven-
Tvis moyenebuli tkivilis gamo, cremliani TvalebiT ukve ramdenime
dRea Tvalyurs vadevnebT RvTis morwmune qarTvel erze moulodne-
lad Tavs datexil tragedias: udanaSaulo msxverplTa sisxlis Ra-
Radi yurT Cagvesmis. WrilobebiT miyenebuli tkivili, ZaldatanebiT
gadaadgilebulTa ubedureba, sayvarel adamianTa danakargiT glova,
upasuxod darCenili gasaWiri, mitovebul, uZlur moxucTa SiSi, ro-
melic ganicada erTnairad qarTvelma da osma xalxma. Tqveni jvari
177
dRes Cveni jvaric xdeba. TqvenTan erTad Cvenc vglovobT da guls
gvtkens saqarTveloze Tavs datexili ubedureba.
muxls vidrekT mSvidobis mTavris winaSe, sulis siRrmidan ve-
vedrebiT da locvebs aRvavlenT uflis mimarT, raTa yovladwmida
RvTismSoblis meoxebiT, didmowame giorgis da mociqulTasworis
wmida ninos SewevniT Tqvens qveyanaSi mSvidobam daisadguros, Sveba
mieces datanjul ers, xolo mtris mSvildebi Semusros da `saWur-
veli da farebi dawuas cecxliTa~ (fs. 45, 10), dasruldes marTlma-
didebel qristianTa ZmaTamkvleli omi, damyardes RmrTivmoniWebuli
erTsulovneba kavkasiis mowamebriv miwaze.
wmindao Zmao, medgrad ideqiT qariSxlis winaSe, radgan Tqven
xarT nugeSinismcemeli da meoxi Rirseuli qarTveli qristiani
xalxisa. uwyveti locviTa da didi siyvaruliT gviguleT Tqven
gverdiT, TanamosagreobiT, TanagrZnobiT da RvTisadmi sasoebiT. veam-
borebiT Tqvens Rirseul unetaresobas mxurvale qristesmieri ambo-
riT. RmerTi siyvarulisa da mSvidobisa iyavn Tqven Tana~.
13 agvistos, diliT, rusuli samxedro nawilebi da osuri Seia-
raRebuli formirebebi zemo niqozSi Sevidnen. maT sofelSi dar-
Cenili ramdenime adgilobrivi mosaxle mokles, gaZarcves saxle-
bi, waiRes yvelaferi, rac moewonaT an, ubralod, xelSi moxvdaT.
mosaxleoba umZimes mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda. marodiorebma eparqiis
mTavari sakaTedro taZaric gaZarcves. okupantebis nawili sofelSi
darCa, nawilma ki gza gorisken ganagrZo. rusuli formirebebi gor-
Si sxva mimarTulebebidanac Sevidnen.
13 agvistos, saRamos, qarTuli sajariso nawilebi goridan gavi-
dnen. qalaqSi jer gaugebari SeiaraRebuli formirebebi (osebi, kaza-
kebi da sxv.) Sevidnen, xolo Semdeg, 24 saaTis intervaliT, rusuli
regularuli sajariso nawilebi. am droisTvis gorSi saSineli
Zarcva-glejis procesi mimdinareobda _ marodiorebma mSvidobiani
mosaxleoba gaZarcves, rasac am ukanasknelTa Soris msxverpli mohy-
va. rusma samxedroebma goris SesasvlelTan dasavleT saqarTvelos-
ken mimavali centraluri saavtomobilo trasa gadaketes.
178
aseTi umZimesi mdgomareobis miuxedavad, gorSi darCenili ad-
gilobrivi mosaxleoba uaRresad Rirseulad iqceoda, moqalaqeebma
Zalze maRali TviTSegneba gamoavlines, vinmes an romelime dawesebu-
lebis gaZarcvis erTi SemTxvevac ki ar yofila.
mTavarepiskopos andrias mogonebidan: `Seqmnil viTarebaSi Cveni
samRvdeloeba, rac masze iyo davalebuli, maqsimalurad akeTebda.
Zalze gvexmareboda is Tanadgoma da mxardaWera, romelic Cveni
uwmindesis da, zogadad, sapatriarqos mxridan igrZnoboda. Cven da-
vurekeT patriarqs da rCeva vkiTxeT. aq yofna marto Cemi yofna ar
iyo, CemTan erTad iyvnen sasuliero pirebi da dedebi.
pasuxismgebloba ar iyo mxolod sakuTar Tavze, iyo im adamia-
nebze, romlebic Cven gverdiT iyvnen da vfiqrobdiT, isini aqaurobas
gagveridebina. rodesac patriarqs amis Sesaxeb vuTxariT, man Tqva,
yvela darCeso. rodesac misi sityvebi movismineT, maSin gulze mo-
gveSva... rasakvirvelia, es sityvebi yvelas gadaveci, radgan maTac
sWirdebodaT es Sinagani RerZi, rom rac ar unda moxdes, isini aq
unda iyvnen, da aseTia eklesiis kurTxeva da misi pozicia... dedebma
CvenTan erTad gadaitanes yvelaferi, rac im dReebSi xdeboda~.
14 agvistos SeiaraRebuli pirebi samTavisisa da goris epariis
rezidenciaSi SeiWrnen. meufe andria: `CvenTan xalxi modioda naSua-
dRevs, roca puri cxveboda. mosaxleoba sacxobTan grovdeboda, ro-
desac intensiuri srola atyda. SeSinebulma xalxma Tavi eklesias
Seafara. am dros ezoSi Semovida SeiaraRebuli adamianebis jgufi.
Sereuli erovnebis xalxi iyo _ osebic, rusebic...
maTTan gavedi. Cveni sasuliero pirebi, dedebi da xalxi kedel-
Tan hyavdaT miyenebuli, mec kedelTan damayenes. Zalze nerviulobd-
nen. Cemi da samebis lavris manqanebi gareT idga. erT-erTi adamiani,
albaT, maTi meTauri, yviroda, manqanebis gasaRebebi momeciTo. momiwia
mec xmis aweva, ra gayvirebs, aq aravin aris SeiaraRebuli, varT sasu-
liero pirebi da qalebi. rac ginda, mokide imas xeli da wadi, aravin
geubneba uars! ucbaT, es adamiani TiTqos gamofxizlda, damSvidda.
ufro Zarcvis interesi hqondaT, jibeebi yvelas gauCxrikes da, bo-
179
los, wasvlisas erTma jvari maCvena, mec qristiani varo~.
14 agvistos sruliadsaqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, uw-
midesma da unetaresma ilia II-m ruseTis federaciis prezidents
da premier-ministrs gorsa da niqozSi Sesasvlelad samSvidobo
koridoris gakeTeba sTxova, rac rusulma mxarem Seasrula. am mniS-
vnelovani misiis ganxorcielebaSi pozitiuri roli Seasrula ru-
seTis eklesiis sagareo urTierTobebis ganyofilebis Tavmjdomarem
mitropolitma kirilem.
15 agvistos TbilisSi aSS-is saxelmwifo mdivani kondoliza
raisi Camovida. saqarTvelos prezidentma xeli moawera cecxlis
Sewyvetis 6-punqtian gegmas. momdevno dRes gegmas xeli ruseTis
prezidentmac moawera, ris Semdegac ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi
ruseTis sajariso nawilebma da sxva SeiaraRebulma formirebebma,
afxazeTis da cxinvalis regionis garda, saqarTvelos sxva terito-
ria TandaTanobiT datoves.
15 agvistos kaTolikos-patriarqi, sasuliero pirebisa da mo-
nazvnebis did jgufTan erTad, gorSi SebrZanda. igi Sexvda qa-
laqSi darCenil mosaxleobas, romelicsasowarkveTilebis zRvarze
idga, anugeSa isini, sursaT-sanovage, pirveladi higienis sagnebi da
medikamentebi gadasca. patriarqis Casvlas Zalian didi mniSvneloba
hqonda. misma danaxvam, udidesma siTbom da siyvarulma gansacdelSi
myofi adamianebi gaamxneva da sulierad gaaZliera.
goris Semdeg ilia II cxinvalidan erTi kilometriT daSorebul
sofel zemo niqozs ewvia. gzad, sofel SindisSi, man moinaxula is
adgili, sadac gaafTrebuli brZolebis Sedegad qarTveli jariskace-
bi daiRupnen.
SemdgomSi patriarqi ixsenebda: `es iyo is periodi, rodesac
verc ubralo adamianebi, verc saerTaSoriso humanitaruli orga-
nizaciebi (maT Soris, wiTeli jvari) da presis warmomadgenlebi
ver axerxebdnen iq SeRwevas. movinaxuleT darCenili mosaxleoba da,
ra Tqma unda, Cveni mRvdelmTavrebi da sasuliero pirebi, romelTac
didi safrTxis miuxedavad, ar datoves es eparqiebi~.
180
mitropolit isaias mogonebidan: `15 agvistos ramdenime adamiani
visxediT da vsaubrobdiT, rogor unda migvexeda soflisTvis da, ai,
am dros atyda zarebis rekva. uwmidesi CamobrZanda. es, iciT, ras
hgavda? ai, didi uamindobis mere yvela Rrubeli rom gadaiyreba, yve-
laferi ganaTdeba da mze rom gamova. maSin Cven virwmuneT, rom amiT
dasrulda Cvens Tavze moweuli gansacdeli~.
kaTolikos-patriarqi niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqias rusi
samxedro piris, sabrZolo moqmedebebis zonis komendantis, general
v. borisovis TanxlebiT ewvia. ilia II niqozSi darCenil mosaxle-
obasac Sexvda, isinic mamaSvilurad gaamxneva; sasuliero pirebma
maTac dauriges sursaT-sanovage, pirveladi higienis sagnebi da me-
dikamentebi. mas Semdeg, garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi, swored
monasteri iyo is adgili, saidanac xdeboda adgilobrivi mosaxleo-
bisTvis produqtebis darigeba.
taZarSi locvis Semdeg, samrevlo skolis SenobaSi Sexvedra
gaimarTa. meufe isaia: `patriarqTan erTad generali rom iyo aq
amosuli, mas vuTxari, naxeT, rogor dagvbombes-meTqi? man mipasuxa,
geficebiT, mec movxvdi dabombvaSio. amaze me mas mivuge: ki, magram,
Tqven xom samxedro piri xarT-meTqi. aRaraferi uTqvams...~. general-
ma borisovma piroba dado, rom marodioroba Sewydeboda _ amisTvis
adgilze daxvretis brZaneba iyo gacemuli da, amitom, Zarcvas veRa-
ravin gabedavda. dapirebis miuxedavad, mSvidobiani mosaxleobis day-
aCaReba da Zarcva-gleja SemdgomSi kvlavac gagrZelda, Tumca odnav
Semcirebuli masStabiT.
mitropoliti isaia: ”marodiorobis faqtebi xSiria da amis Se-
saxeb rusma samxedroebma kargad ician. Zarcva mxolod RamRamo-
biT ki ara, dRisiT-mzisiTac xdeboda... Cveni axlobeli movida da
Sematyobina, osebi soflidan Zroxebs mierekebiano. saqonels man-
qaniT gavedevneT. osebma rom dagvinaxes, erT-erTma avtomatianma
gamarTuli qarTuliT mommarTa: ”gaCerdi! sad midixar?” vuTxari,
saqme maqvs-meTqi da rusebis posts mivadeqi. samxedroebs mivmarTe:
Tqven xom gaqvT brZaneba, aRkveToT Zarcva da axla gaarkvieT, ro-
181
gor unda moiqceT, xom xedavT, niqozidan cxinvalisken mierekebian
saqonels-meTqi. maT Tavidan momiSores, araferi moimoqmedes. Tumca,
rodesac ukan movbrundi, cota xnis Semdeg im postis meTauri movida
da miTxra, saqoneli ukan movabruneTo. didi madloba gadavuxade...
erTi SemTxveva iyo aseTi _ fexburTis stadionia qveviT, xelo-
vnur safariani. Sevidnen rusi jariskacebi stadionze, xelovnuri
safari daaxvies da wavidnen... erTxel, sami saaTis ganmavlobaSi ru-
sul blokpostze videqiT... vxedavdiT, rogor ezidebodnen qarTuli
soflebidan naZarcvs, _ win da ukan dadiodnen ̀ niviT~. morig reisze
es manqana sabargulSi Catenili taxtiT vixileT, sabarguli axdili
iyo da taxtic yvelas dasanaxad, sanaxevrod gareT iyo gamoSveri-
li. es yvelaferi dRisiT-mzisiT da rusi samxedroebis Tvalwin
xdeboda...~.
15 agvistos, kaTolikos-patriarqis inicitiviT, konfliqtis zo-
nidan oTxi daWrilis gamoyvana da eqvsi gardacvlili adamianis
gadmosveneba moxerxda. ilia II-is TxovniT, sasuliero pirebma aR-
niSnuli saqmianoba SemdgomSic ganagrZes. rusma samxedroebma goris
da cxinvalis raionebis soflebSi mimosvlis, micvalebulTa gadmos-
venebis, daWrili da, zogadad, mZime mdgomareobaSi myofi adamianebis
saomari moqmedebebis zonidan gamoyvanis ufleba mxolod saqarTve-
los sapatriarqos warmomadgenlebs misces.
saqarTvelos xelisufleba da saerTaSoriso humanitaruli or-
ganizaciebi TavianT saqmianobas sasuliero pirebTan _ mTavarepis-
kopos andriasTan, mitropolit isaiasTan, dekanoz tariel sikinWa-
laSvilTan, mcxeTa-Tbilisis, ruis-urbnisis, samTavisisa da goris
da niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqiebis mRvdelmsaxurebTan mWidro
koordinirebiT warmarTavdnen. moralurad da fizikurad yvelaze
rTuli 26 agvistos cxinvalidan 43 qarTveli jariskacis TiTqmis
gaxrwnili cxedrebis gadmosveneba iyo. rodesac saxeldaxelod mo-
wyobili saflavebidan maTi amosveneba mimdinareobda, paralelurad,
separatistebi ruseTis xelisuflebis mier maTi saxelmwifoebrivi
damoukideblobis aRiarebas zeimobdnen.
182
17 agvistos, Tbilisis yovladwmida samebis sapatriarqo taZarSi
gamarTuli wirvis Semdeg, sakvirao qadagebaSi ilia II-m brZana: `ori
dRis win Cven mogveca saSualeba CavsuliyaviT gorsa da niqozSi. am
saqmeSi Cven ruseTis eklesia dagvexmara. madlobeli var ruseTis
sapatriarqos sagareo ganyofilebis Tavmjdomaris, mitropolit ki-
rilesi, romlis ZalisxmeviTac es gaxda SesaZlebeli.
Cven viyaviT im regionSi, sadac saSiSi mdgomareobaa. es adgilebi
dRes TiTqmis daclilia, mosaxleoba, ZiriTadad, gaxiznulia. gvqonda
Sexvedra niqozisa da cxinvalis mitropolit isaiasTan da gorisa
da samTavisis mTavarepiskopos andriasTan, SevxvdiT xalxs, iq darCe-
nil mosaxleobas, romlebic sasowarkveTaSi arian.
Cvenma Casvlam iq imedi Caitana; Cven vanugeSeT Cveni Zmebi da
debi, Cveni sulieri Svilebi. yvelaferi gavakeTeT, raTa imedi Cag-
vesaxa maTTvis. maT yvelaferi akliaT, axla iq situacia areulia,
magram imedi gvaqvs, rom mdgomareoba Seicvleba.
minda yvelas giTxraT: dRes, rogorc arasdros, eri unda iyos
erT muStad Sekruli. gvWirdeba erTi Zala, erTi neba, rom vZlioT
mters. dRes yvelani daTrgunulebi varT, magram yvelaze metad Cve-
ni jaria daTrgunuli. Cven gvesmis Tqveni gansacdeli, magram minda
vTqva, rom Cven damarcxebulni ar varT!~
ramdenime dReSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqom Semdegi Sinaarsis
mimarTva gaavrcela: `mogmarTavT qristesmieri siyvaruliT da Rrma
mwuxarebiT gacnobebT, rom a. w. 8 agvistodan daiwyo saomari mo-
qmedebebi saqarTvelos teritoriaze, ris Sedegadac gardaicvala,
daiWra da dazaralda mravali adamiani. Tbiliss moawyda iZule-
biT gadaadgilebulTa axali talRa, romelTa raodenoba ramdenime
aTeul aTass Seadgens. maTi ricxvi yoveldRiurad izrdeba.
ltolvilebs ara aqvT saWmeli, tansacmeli, Ramis gasaTevi, ele-
mentaruli sayofacxovrebo nivTebi, pirveladi moxmarebis sagnebi da
medikamentebi. gansakuTrebiT saWiroa karvebi, sabnebi, balonis gazqu-
rebi, leibebi, sarecxi saSualebebi, tansacmeli, WurWeli, gasaSleli
skamebi, magidebi, fqvili, Saqari, burRuleuli, mSrali sakvebi, zeTi,
183
marili, konservebi. aseve gvesaWiroeba wamlebi: tkivilgamayuCebeli,
dasamSvidebeli da sxva...
Tu gaqvT SesaZlebloba, madlierni viqnebiT, Tu SeeweviT umweod
darCenilT, daxmareba SegiZliaT gamogzavnoT saqarTvelos sapat-
riarqos saxelze~.
agvistos omis dReebSi eklesia-monastrebma didi roli Seasru-
les mSvidobiani mosaxleobis gadarCenis saqmeSi. xalxis nawilma
Tavi atenis xeobaSi dedaTa monasters, agreTve, atenis sions Seafa-
ra, nawilma _ qvaTaxevis mamaTa monasters, zogmac sxva monasters
miaSura. eklesia-monastrebSi TavSefarebul ramdenime aTas adamians
daxmarebas saqarTvelos sapatriarqos, calkeuli eparqiebis mre-
vlis warmomadgenlebi, biznesmenebi uwevdnen. im dReebSi eklesia
iyo, faqtobrivad, erTaderTi punqti, sadac purisa da sakvebis miReba
SeiZleboda.
25 agvistos ruseTis federaciis umaRlesma sakanonmdeblo or-
ganom _ dumam afxazeTis da samxreT oseTis saxelmwifoebrivi
damoukidebloba oficialurad aRiara, rasac sruliadsaqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-s Semdegi Si-
naarsis gancxadebiT gamoexmaura: `saqarTvelos teritoriaze ru-
seTis aqtiuri saomari moqmedebebi dasrulda, magram, samwuxarod,
grZeldeba dapirispireba Cvens qveynebs Soris da igi ufro saSiS
fazaSi gadadis, rac dRes, 25 agvistos, ruseTis dumis mier afxaze-
Tisa da cxinvalis regionis (samxreT oseTis), _ ZirZveli qarTuli
miwebis damoukideblobis aRiarebaSi gamoixata.
odiTganve saqarTvelo iyo sxvadasxva kulturebisa da civili-
zaciebis gadakveTis adgili, amasTan, xSirad maTi Sejaxebis arenac.
yvela dapirispirebul mxares Tavisi mizani amoZravebda, Cvens
ers ki, bunebrivia, hqonda Tavisi interesi _ teritoriuli mTliano-
bis da erovnuli TviTmyofadobis SenarCuneba.
es interesi CvenTvis dResac ucvlelia da Cven, Cveni winaprebis
msgavsad, SevecdebiT am mizans vemsaxuroT.
gansakuTrebiT samwuxaroa is, rom ruseTi da saqarTvelo orive
184
marTlmadidebeli qveyanaa da dapirispireba da omi swored erT-
morwmune erebs Soris moxda.
unda gvaxsovdes, eSmaki yofs, RmerTi ki aerTianebs.
ruseTis mxridan afxazeTisa da cxinvalis regionis damouki-
deblobis cnobiT msoflioSi xeli ewyoba separatizms da, amitomac,
saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba valdebulia, xma aRimaRlos amis winaaR-
mdeg.
separatizmi gadamdebi, centridanuli, saSineli Zalaa, romelic
angrevs saxelmwifos safuZvlebs da, Tu mas seriozuli gaqaneba
mieca, dedamiwas qaosi moicavs. mcire erebi yvela saxelmwifoSia da
maT rom politikuri damoukidebloba moindomon, bunebrivia, daiwyeba
dausrulebeli omebi.
mivmarTav ruseTis prezidents, baton dimitri medvedevs da pre-
mier-ministrs, baton vladimer putins _ saqarTvelodan afxazeTisa
da cxinvalis regionis gamoyofa metad saSiSia TviTon ruseTisaT-
vis. es miscems biZgs Tqvens qveyanaSic separatizmis ganviTarebas da
momavalSi Tqven gacilebiT meti problemebi geqnebaT, vidre es dRes
saqarTveloSia. amaze Rirs dafiqreba.
im dros, roca ukve daiRvara osebis, rusebis, qarTvelebis sisx-
li, Cven Soris viTarebis kidev ufro gamwvaveba dauSvebelia. du-
mis dadgenileba yovelgvar samarTlebriv safuZvels moklebuli
gadawyvetilebaa da Cvenive qveynebis keTildReobisTvis gTxovT, igi
ar daakanonoT~.
samwuxarod, 2008 wlis 26 agvistos ruseTis xelisuflebam
samxreT oseTisa da afxazeTis damoukidebloba cno. saqarTvelos
teritoriuli mTlianobis darRvevis faqts qarTveli xalxi, saqar-
Tvelos saxelmwifos mosaxleoba arasdros Seurigdeba.
185
roin metreveli, sergo vardosaniZeroin metreveli, sergo vardosaniZe
megobroba gzad da xidad.megobroba gzad da xidad.
ilia II-is vizitebi sazRvargareTilia II-is vizitebi sazRvargareT
2007 wlis 1 marts saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqu-
lo eklesiis delegacia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-
arqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskopo-
sis, ilia II-is meTaurobiT moskovSi gaemgzavra. mis uwmidesobas
Tan axldnen mravalricxovani oficialuri da araoficialuri
pirebi: saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis
wevrebi, sasuliero pirebi, mecnierebis, kulturis, xelovnebis
TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi.
oficialur delegaciaSi iyvnen: axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa da
lazeTis mitropoliti Teodore (WuaZe), zugdidisa da caiSis mTava-
repiskoposi gerasime (SaraSeniZe), saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnu-
li akademiis prezidenti Tamaz gamyreliZe, ,,marTlmadidebluri
enciklopediis~ saqarTvelos warmomadgenlobis xelmZRvaneli aka-
demikosi roin metrveli, arqimandriti daviT (WinWarauli), Tbilisis
sasuliero akademiis da seminariis proreqtori dekanozi giorgi
(zviadaZe), arqidiakoni demetre (daviTaSvili), qarTuli telemauw-
yebloba ,,iveria~-s xelmZRvaneli giorgi andriaZe, ,,marTlmadide-
bluri enciklopediis~ koordinatori erekle Jordania, saxelmwifo
ministri integraciis sakiTxebSi zinaida bestaeva.
araoficialur delegaciaSi iyvnen: xonisa da samtrediis mTava-
repiskoposi saba (gigiberia), vanisa da baRdaTis mTavarepiskoposi
anton (buluxia), dekanozi miqael (botkoveli), dekanozi zaqaria
(maCitaZe), dekanozi basili (kikvaZe), monazonni: aleqsandra, elene,
mariami, qeTevani, kinoreJisorebi: eldar Sengelaia, rezo CxeiZe, msax-
iobi gogi xarabaZe; saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivani
Sorena TeTruaSvili, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos religiaTaSoris
186
urTierTobis koordinatori lela jejelava, Tbilisis sasuliero
akademiisa da seminariis saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris gamge pro-
fesoris sergo vardosaniZe, profesori nestan (elisabed) kirTaZe,
sapatriarqos gamomcemlobis TanamSromeli irina abulaZe, pianisti
valerian SiukaSvili, momRerali Tamar WoxoneliZe, samebis sakaT-
edro taZris mgalobelTa gundi.
specialuri reisi moskovis droiT 11 saaTsa da 30 wuTze
domodedovos aeroportSi daeSva. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis delegacias moskovis aeroportSi daxvdnen: kalugisa da
borovskis mitropoliti klimenti, istrinis mTavarepiskoposi arse-
ni, egorevskis episkoposi marki, ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~
mTavari redaqtori profesori sergei kraveci, dekanozi aleqsandre
abramovi, saqarTvelos sruluflebiani elCi ruseTis federaciaSi
irakli CubiniSvili, saelCos TanamSromlebi.
oficialuri delegaciis wverebi dabinavdnen sasturo ,,dani-
lovskaiaSi~, araoficialuri delegacia – sastumro ,,akademiCeskaia-
Si~. mcire dasvenebis Semdeg sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-
triarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II Tanmxleb pirebTan erTad
estumra saqarTvelos saelCos, esaubra saelCos TanamSromlebs.
uwmidesma da unetaresma daloca isini da aRniSna, im urTules vi-
TarebaSi, romelic dRes ruseTisa da saqarTvelos saxelmwifoTa
Soris arsebobs, saqarTvelos saelCo yvelafers akeTebs Tavisi Ta-
namemamuleebis interesebis dasacavad. saqarTvelos elCma ruseTis
federaciaSi irakli CubiniSvilma didi mowiweba da madliereba
gamoxata misi uwmidesobis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-
arqis, ilia II-is mimarT da gamoTqva imedi, rom aRniSnuli viziti
pozitiur Sedegs gamoiRebda Cveni qveynebis urTierTobaSi.
2 marts moskovSi dilidanve baraqianad Tovda, cioda, magram
amas xeli ar SeuSlia mravalricxovani qarTuli diasporisaTvis
Sekrebiliyo ,,balSaia gruzinskaiaze~ mdebare wmida giorgis ekle-
siaSi, siyvaruliTa da imediT Sexvedrodnen sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqs, uwmidessa da unetaress ilia II-s, wmida sino-
187
dis wevrebs, saqarTvelodan Casul stumrebs. wm. giorgis eklesiaSi
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs da mis Tanmxleb pirebs daxvda
qarTveli moZRvari mama maqsime (Wanturia). taZarSi galobda wm.
samebis vaJTa gundi. uwmidesma da unetaresma daloca mrevli da
mouwoda maT, SeenarCunebinaT sulieri simtkice da samSoblos siy-
varuli ... Tqven gelodebaT Tqveni samSoblo _ am sityvebiiT daam-
Tavra Tavisi gamosvla misma uwmidesobam.
imave dRes sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmide-
si da unetaresi ilia II oficialuri delegaciis wevrebiTan erTad
sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi Sexvda moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis
patriarq, uwmides aleqsi II-s.
188
moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqis,moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqis,
uwmidesi aleqsi II-is sityva sruliaduwmidesi aleqsi II-is sityva sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqTan,saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqTan,
uwmidessa da unetares ilia II-sTan Sexvedrazeuwmidessa da unetares ilia II-sTan Sexvedraze
guliTadad mogesalmebiT Tqveno uwmidesobav da unetaresobav,
mivesalmebi Tqvens Rirseul Tanamgzavrebs wmida Tavadi danielis
uZvelesi monastris keldebSi.
moxarulni varT, miviRoT moZme saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis winamZRvari, romelTanac erTmorwmune ruseTs amdeni saer-
To aqvs: saukunovani kulturuli kavSirebi, sulieri siaxlove da
xalxTa urTierTobebi, istoriuli gzebis gaerTianeba mravali wlis
manZilze.
siamovnebiT aRvniSnavT, rom Cemi da Tqveni urTierToba, romel-
ic iTvlis mraval wels, axlac sakmaod intensiuri da guliTadia.
gasuli wlis ivlisSi Cven SevxvdiT msoflio religur liderTa
samitze moskovSi. Cveni Sexvedrisas davrwmundiT imaSi, rom Cven
varT Tanamoazreni im sakiTxebSi, romlebic aRelvebs Tanamderove
kacobriobas.
Tqvenma amJamindelma vizitma saSualeba mogvca, kvlav Sevx-
vedrodiT erTmaneTs da gvesaubra ara werilebis saSualebiT, aramed
,,pirispir~ (III, ioan.14). gansakuTrebiT sasixaruloa, rom amjerad
Cven saSualeba gveqneba erTad CavataroT saRvTo liturgia uflis
madliT aRdgenil da Tqvenive monawileobiT nakurTx qriste-macx-
ovris taZarSi. swored erToblivi liturgia, rodesac Cven erTi
bagiT da guliT vadidebT ufals, gamoxatavs Cvens srul erTianobas
ufalSi da yvelaze metad gvaerTianebs.
gvsurs, rom rwmenaSi erTianoba gavrceldes Cveni xalxebis
urTierTobis yvela sferoSi. Cven mudam vloculobT amisTvis. dar-
wmunebuli varT, swored es surT Cveni eklesiebis erTgul Svilebs.
Mmiuxedavad politikuri viTarebis cvalebadobisa, rac, isaxeba saqa-
rTvelosa da ruseTis saxelmwifoTa Soris urTierTobaSi, niSan-
189
doblivia is, rom, RvTis wyalobiT, tradiciuli mWidro kavSirebi
Cvens eklesiebs, maT winamZRvrebs, msaxurebsa da morwmuneebs Soris
rCeba Tbili da megobruli.
Cven did mniSvnelobas vaniWebT samSvidobo moRvaweobas, romelic
TviT qristem daakisra eklesias. viciT, Tu ramdenad didia marTlma-
didebeli eklesiis da piradad Tqveni uwmidesobis avtoriteti qar-
Tul sazogadoebaSi, rac yovelgvar politikur uTanxmoebaze maRla
dgas, msgavsad samebis didebuli sakaTedro taZris gumbaTze aRmar-
Tuli cxovelmyofeli jvrisa. eklesiis dadebiTi, gamamTlianebeli
funqciis gaZliereba, rasac xalxisTvis sulieri aRorZineba moaqvs,
_ ai, ras efuZvneba Cveni imedi saqarTvelos momavali keTildReobisa,
misi sazogadoebrivi Zalebis SeTanxmebisa da Cveni xalxebis mudmivi,
uryevi megobrobisa.
Tqveni uwmidesobis axlandeli viziti dakavSirebuli
qriste-macxovris taZarSi ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ XII
tomis prezentaciasTan, romelSic Sesulia uamravi statia ruseTisa
da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb. es
aris rusi da qarTveli mecnierebis erToblivi muSaobis udide-
si Sedegi. is daexmareba mkiTxvels, gecnos saqarTvelos uZvelesi
eklesiebis istorias da Seityos bevri ram qarTveli xalxis cx-
ovrebis Sesaxeb. Cven vafasebT rogorc saqarTveloSi, aseve ruseTSi
mcxovreb qarTuli sazogadoebis Rvawls Cveni erToblivi sulieri
memkvidreobis SenarCunebaSi, romelic aaxloebs Cvens erTmorwmune
xalxebs. sasixaruloa isic, rom TqvenTan erTad aq imyofebian qar-
Tuli mecnierebisa da kulturis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi.
2002 wels Cven gadmogvces saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa da mis
sazRvrebs gareT mcxovreb qarTvelTa mimarTva simbolurad mili-
oni xelmoweriT, romelic mimarTuli iyo ori qveynis xelmZRvan-
elobisadmi da mouwodebda ,,Zmuri, keTilmezobluri urTierTobis
aRdgenisaken or erTmorwmune xalxs Soris~. am moZraobaSi, saxel-
wodebiT ,,ruseTi _ Cemi mezobeli~, monawileoba miiRes zurab wer-
eTelma, giorgi daneliam, zurab sotkilavam, nani bregvaZem. maSin me
190
vTqvi, rom marTlmadidebeli eklesia mTavari SemaerTebeli rgolia
Cven Soris, Tanac Sevaxsene, rom politikosebma unda gaiTvaliswinon
xalxis neba. am sityvebs dResac vimeoreb.
yvelaze rTul drosac ki, rodesac, bolodroindeli politi-
kuri dapirispirebis msgavsad, advili ar iyo ruseTis vizis miReba,
vcdilobdiT yvelaferi gagvekeTebina, rac Cvenzea damokidebuli.
ianvarSi moskovs ewvia axalqalaqisa da kumurdos mitropoliti
nikolozi, romelic warmatebiT gamovida XV saerTaSoriso saSobao
saganmanaTleblo sakiTxavze, agreTve wmida tixonis humanitaruli
universitetis yovelwliur konferenciaze, sadac meufe emzadeba
disertaciis dasacavad.
Cven vcdilobT, uzrunvelyoT ruseTSi mravalricxovani qarTu-
li diasporisaTvis sulieri sazrdo da RvTismsaxureba mSobliur
enaze. vimedovnebT, rom Tqven amas mixvdiT, rodesac brZandebodiT
dRes wmida didmowame giorgis taZarSi ,,gruziniSi~. im taZrebTan
erTad, sadac mimdinareobs RvTismsaxureba qarTul enaze, msgavsi
taZris gaxsna igegmeba voroneJSic. Cven Soris mcxovrebi marTlma-
didebeli qarTvelebi Cveni uaxloesi Zmebia. bevr maTgans Rirseuli,
mniSvnelovani wvlili Seaqvs Cveni qveynis cxovrebaSi.
2 marts moskovis macxovris saxelobis taZris sxdomaTa dar-
bazSi gaimarTa ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ me-13 tomis
prezentacia. enciklopediis am tomSi vrceli monakveTi eTmoba
saqarTvelos istorias, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
avtokefaliuri eklesiis istorias. saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg es pirveli rusulenovani wignia,
romelic cnobili qarTveli istorikosebis monawileobiT uwmide-
sisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq-
is meTvalyureobiT Seiqmna. prezentacias uZRveboda moskovisa da
sruliad ruseTis patriarqi uwmidesi aleqsi II.
,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ me-13 tomis prezentacias
eswrebodnen: sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi
da unetaresi ilia II, axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa da lazeTis mit-
191
ropoliti Teodore, zugdidisa da caiSis mTavarepiskoposi gerasime,
xonisa da samtrediis mTavarepiskoposi saba, baRdaTisa da vanis
mTavarepiskoposi antoni, Tbilisis sasuliero akademiisa da semi-
nariis proreqtori dekanozi giorgi (zviadaZe), arqimandriti da-
viTi (WinWarauli), dekanozi miqael (botkoveli), arqidiakoni deme-
tre (daviTaSvili), saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis
prezidenti Tamaz gamyreliZe, akademikosi roin metreveli, saqarTve-
los telestudia ,,iveriis~ xelmZRvaneli giorgi andriaZe, ,,marTl-
madidebluri enciklopediis~ koordinatori saqarTveloSi docen-
ti erekle Jordania, Tbilisis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariis
saqarTvelos istoris kaTedris gamge profesori sergo vardosaniZe,
kinoreJisorebi: rezo CxeiZe, eldar Sengelaia, mixeil Wiaureli (um-
crosi), msaxiobi gogi xarabaZe, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis
mdivani Sorena TeTruaSvili, profesori nestan (elisabed) kirTaZe;
moskovis qarTuli diasporas warmomadgenlebi, moskovis wm. giorgis
eklesiis RvTismsaxuri dekanozi maqsime (Wanturia).
prezentaciaze ruseTis marTlmadidebel eklesias warmoadgend-
nen: krutickisa da kolomenskis mitropoliti iuvenali, samolenski-
sa da kaliningradis mitropoliti kirili, kalugisa da borovskis
mitropoliti klimenti, tixvinis mTavarepiskoposi konstantini, eo-
grevskis episkoposi marki, ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ mTa-
vari redaqtori sergei kraveci.
prezentacias daeswrnen: ruseTis saxelmwifo dumis vice-spikeri
l.k. sliska, ruseTis federacias sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgile a.
p. torSini, moskovis meri i. m. luJkovi, ruseTis kulturis minis-
tri a. s. sokolovi, ruseTis samrewvelo-savaWro palatis preziden-
ti e.m. primakovi, ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis vice-prezidenti
profesori a. d. nekipelovi, marTlmadidebel xalxTa saerTaSoriso
fondis prezidenti v. a. aleqseevi, ruseTis mecnierebis, kulturis
TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi, presis, televiziis warmomadgenlebi.
prezentaciaze sityvebi warmoTqves moskovisa da sruliad
ruseTis patriarqma aleqsi II-m, sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqma
192
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m, prof. sergei kravecma, akademikos-
ma Tamaz gamyreliZem, moskovis merma iuri luJkovma, akademikosma
aleqsandre nekipelovma, akademikosma evgeni primakovma.
193
moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqis, moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqis,
uwmidesi aleqsi II-is gamosvlauwmidesi aleqsi II-is gamosvla
Tqveno uwmidesobav!
Rrmad pativcemulo mzrunvelTa sabWos Tavmjdomare iuri mix-
eilisZev!
yovladsamRvdelono, mRvdelmTavarno, sazedamxedvelo, mzrunvel-
Ta, sazogadoebrivi, samecniero sabWoebisa da ,,marTlmadidebluri
enciklopediis~ gamocemis saqvelmoqmedo asociaciis pativcemulo
wevrebo! pativcemulo stumrebo! dano da Zmano!
dRes SevikribeT ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ morigi
XIII anbanuri tomis sazeimo wardgenaze. es fundamenturi gamoce-
ma xorcieldeba ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mier da yve-
la adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli eklesiis, sasuliero da sae-
ro mecnierTa TanadgomiT, ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiasTan, Cveni
qveynisa da sazRvargareTis wamyvan samecniero, saganmanaTleblo da
kulturul centrebTan saqmiani TanamSromlobiT.
es unikaluri samecniero-saganmanaTleblo proeqti Cafiqrebu-
li iyo jer kidev 10 wlis win da qristeSobidan 2000 welTan
dakavSirebiT gamovida Cveni ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ I
tomi. dRes ki ukve warmovadgenT XIII anbanur toms da saerTo jam-
Si gamocemis 14 toms.
am xnis ganmavlobaSi Camoyalibda Zlieri da mravalmxrivi
saavtoro koleqtivi, gaZlierda samecniero redaqciebi, xolo
Cven mier 10 wlis win Seqmnili saeklesio-samecniero centri
,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopedia~ Camoyalibda rogorc erT-er-
Ti yvelaze avtoritetuli samecniero-saganmanaTleblo dawese-
buleba ara marto saeklesio, aramed Cveni qyveynis saero mecniere-
basa da kulturaSi.
saeklesio-samecniero centrma gaaerTiana moskovisa da sanqt-pe-
terburgis, niJni-novgorodisa da yazanis, ekaterinburgisa da no-
vosibirskis mecnierebi. sakmarisia imis Tqma, rom amJamad moqmedebs
194
saeklesio-samecniero centris ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~
10-ze meti warmomadgenloba rogorc Cvens qveyanaSi, aseve sazRvar-
gareTis mraval qveynebSi: ukrainasa da belorusiaSi, saqarTvelosa
da bulgareTSi, saberZneTsa da italiaSi, poloneTsa da serbeTSi.
swored aman mogvca SarSan saSualeba dagvesaxa Zalian rTuli,
magram, rogorc aRmoCnda, sruliad Sesrulebadi amocana _ gadav-
suliyaviT weliwadSi ori tomis gamocemidan sami tomis gamocemaze.
dRes Cven warmovadgenT mecamete toms.
saeklesio-samecniero centris _ ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklo-
pediis~ mTavar amocanas warmoadgens mravaltomiani fundamenturi
enciklopediis samecniero momzadeba da gamocema, magram ,,marTlma-
didebluri enciklopediis” mier dReisaTvis dagrovili inteleqtu-
aluri da organizatoruli potenciali, misi samecniero avtoriteti
gvaZlevs saeklesio-samecniero centris moRvaweobis mniSvnelovani
gafarToebis saSualebas.
5 wlis win daiwyo yovelkvireuli satelevizio programa
,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopedia~, Seiqmna erT-erTi yvelaze
avtoritetuli internet-portali ,,www.sedmica.ru”, daiwyo Rrma samecniero kvlevebi hagiografiis, XX saukunis rusuli marTlmadide-
beli eklesiis istoriis sferoSi. 2004 wels saeklesio-samecniero
centris bazaze Seiqmna XX saukunis rusuli marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis istoriis specialuri arqivi, sadac igzavneboda Cveni is-
toriis amsaxveli bevri unikaluri dokumenti.
saeklesio-samecniero centrma ,,marTlmadideblurma enciklo-
pediam~ ruseTis federaciis saxelmwifo arqivTan TanamSromlobiT
daiwyo muSaoba im saeklesio masalebis dawvrilebiT dasabuTebul
aRweraze, romlebic daculia saxlemwifo arqivSi. es muSaoba srul-
deba da male gveqneba am dokumentebis monacemebis Tanamedrove ele-
qtronuli banki.
2005 wels samecniero-saeklesio centr ,,marTlmadideblur en-
ciklopediasTan~ iqmneba kinowarmoebis msxvili centri, romelic
ruseTis centraluri arxebisaTvis qmnis yovelwliurad ramdenime
195
films. farTo aRiarebasa da kinokritikosTa maRal Sefasebas imsax-
ureben iseTi filmebi, rogoricaa: 10-seriani filmi ruseTis marTl-
madidebeli eklesiis Sesaxeb ,,miwieri da zeciuri~, 5-seriani filmi
pirvel qristianTa istoriis Sesaxeb, momlocveloba ,,maradiul qa-
laqSi~, filmebi ,,wmida giorgi~, ,,SfoTiani dro~, ,,jvari svastikis
winaaRmdeg~, ,,stalini da mesame romi~, ,,ruseTis eklesiis angelozi
xalxTa mamis winaaRmdeg~ da mravali sxva.
2006 wlidan saeklesio-samecniero centrma Cveni kurTxeviT
daiwyo yovelkvartluri samecneero Jurnalis _ ,,eklesiis istori-
is cnobaris~ gamocema, romelic am wlidan ukve miewodeba ruseTis
yvela msxvil samecniero da saganmanaTleblo biblioTekas.
centris mravalmxrivi moRvaweoba xorcieldeba ara marto
mecnierebis, RvTismetyvelebis, istorikosebis, xelovnebaTmcodnee-
bis, musikaTmcodneebis, mxareTmcodneebis TanamSromlobis wyalo-
biT, aramed im sayovelTao mxardaWeris wyalobiTac, romelic
Cvenma unikalurma proeqtma miiRo federalur saministroebsa da
saagentoebSi, moskovis mTavrobaSi, vologdis, irkutskis, moskovis,
murmanskis, samaris olqebis xelmZRvanelobebSi. is xorcieldeba
iseTi safinanso-samrewvelo jgufebis mxardaWeriT, rogorebicaa:
,,gazmrewvi~, ,,Semsalaro~, ,,moskovis banki~, ,,gazmrewvbanki~, ,,saba-
zo elementi~ da sxva.
minda xazi gavusva im rols, romelic am proeqtis mxardaWer-
aSi, mis CamoyalibebaSi Seasrula ruseTis federaciis prezidentma
vladimer vladimeris Ze putinma. jer kidev ruseTis federaciis
prezidentis adminisraciis erT-erT xelmZRvanelad yofnisas man
bevri gaakeTa imisaTvis, rom am proeqts xorci Sesxmoda, SemdgomSi
ki, ruseTis federaciis prezidentobisas, gaagrZela masze zrunva.
unda aRiniSnos, rom ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ ga-
mocemas win uZRoda rTuli samuSao, romelic ganaxorciela mitro-
politma makarim (bulgakovma) samecniero gamocema ,,marTlmadide-
blur enciklopediaSi~ da Seqmna mravaltomiani ,,ruseTis eklesiis
istoria~. maSin am gamocemas erqva spaso-preobraJenskis varlaamis
196
monastris gamocema. swored maSin, moskovis 850 welTan dakavSire-
biT, rodesac moskovis mTavrobis mxardaWeriT dasrulda ,,rusuli
eklesiis istoriis~ gamocema, Cven iuri luJkovTan erTad miviReT
gadawyvetileba saeklesio-samecniero centris _ ,,marTlmadideblu-
ri enciklopediis~ Seqmnis Sesaxeb.
am saqmeSi udidesi wvlili miuZRvis Cvens sazogadoebriv
sabWos, romelmac gaaerTiana cnobili Tanamedrove politikuri da
sazogadoebrivi moRvaweebi, mecnierebis, kulturisa da xelovnebis
moRvaweebi. 2001 wels ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ ga-
mocemasTan dakavSirebiT sazogadoebrivi sabWos Seqmna 4 wlis win,
ruseTis federaciis federaluri sakrebulos saxelmwifo dumis
Tavmjdomaris, boris grizlovis gadawyvetilebam uxelmZRvanelos
am sabWos ganamtkica am gamocemis avtoriteti da xeli Seuwyo misi
saganmanaTleblo moRvaweobis gafarToebas.
Cven dRes warmovadgenT ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis”
gansakuTrebul toms, Cvens samuSao procesSi albaT yvelaze rTuls.
es tomi iwyeba vrceli da rTuli statiiT grigol palamas Sesaxeb,
did mamaze da marTlmadidebeli eklesiis maswavlebelze. tomSi Se-
sulia mniSvnelovani statiebi iseT sulier moZRvrebze, rogorebic
arian grigol sineli da grigol saswaulmoqmedi, vrceli statia
uflis saflavis taZarsa da daviT winaswarmetyvelze, humanizmis
qristianul gagebaze da daRestnis religiuri istoriis Sesaxeb.
tomSi centraluri adgili uWiravs statiebis bloks, romel-
ic eZRvneba qristianobis istorias saqarTveloSi da saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebel eklesias. vfiqrob, rom pirvelad rusul enaze ga-
modis saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriisa da Tanamedrove cxovrebis,
misi taZrebisa da siwmindeebis, misi monastrebisa da saeklesio-is-
toriuli moRvaweebis aseTi vrceli da mravalmxrivi samecniero
aRwera. statiebze muSaoba mimdinareobda araerTi weli, masSi monaw-
ileobas iRebda aTeulobiT adamiani rogorc saqarTveloSi, aseve
ruseTSi. ar davmalav, rom iyo sirTuleebi, dakavSirebuli sxva-
dasxva istoriul midgomasTan da garkveul politikur gavlenasTan.
197
magram Cveni saerTo swrafva WeSmaritebisaken da Cveni eklesiebis
Zmuri TanamSromloba gaxda sawindari nayofieri da warmatebuli
muSaobisaTvis.
mTeli guliT madlobas vuxdi mis uwmidesobas, uwmidessa da un-
etares ilias, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs im didi
TanadgomisaTvis, romelic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma eklesi-
am, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnulma akademiam, misma samecniero
da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebma gauwies saeklesio-samecniero
centrs. msurs mis uwmidesobas gadavce sertifikati ,,marTlma-
didebluri enciklopediis~ yvela gamocemul da gamosacem tomze,
agreTve samecniero centris mier Seqmnili kinofilmebis koleqcia.
tradiciulad prezentaciebze Cven vasaxelebT ,,marTlmadidebluri
enciklopediis~ yvelaze aqtiur avtorebs, mis Tanamdgomebs da kino-
telekompania ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ TanamSromlebs.
kidev erTxel madlobas vuxdi uwmidessa da unetares ili-
as, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs da saqarTvelos
mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis prezidents Tamaz gamyreliZes.
moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis uwmidesma patriarqma aleq-moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis uwmidesma patriarqma aleq-
si II-m gadasca sertifikatebi ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ si II-m gadasca sertifikatebi ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~
srul gamocemaze uwmidessa da unetares ilia II-s _ sruliad srul gamocemaze uwmidessa da unetares ilia II-s _ sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqsa da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqsa da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa
erovnuli akademiis prezidents Tamaz gamyreliZes.erovnuli akademiis prezidents Tamaz gamyreliZes.
198
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is gamosvlauwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is gamosvla
Tqveno uwmidesobav aleqsi II, moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis
patriarqo, uwmideso mwyemsmTavrebo, qalbatonebo da batonebo!@
guliTadad mogesalmebiT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ekle-
siis da moskovSi Camosuli Cveni delegaciis saxeliT.
Cven CamovediT friad sapasuxismgeblo dros, rodesac ruse-
Tisa da saqarTvelos politikur moRvaweTa Soris urTierTobebi
sagrZnoblad garTulda. unda aRiniSnos, rom miuxedavad amisa, Cvenma
marTlmadidebelma eklesiebma da xalxma SeinarCunes Zmuri urTier-
Tobebi da keTili grZnobebi erTmaneTis mimarT. vimedovnebiT, rom
urTierTobebi Cvens saxelmwifoebsa da xelmZRvanelebs Soris uax-
loes momavalSi gaumjobesdeba da mivxvdebiT, rom mezobel saxelm-
wifoebs Soris urTierTobebi unda iyos stabiluri da megobruli.
Cven erTmaneTs vWirdebiT. arsebobs SesaniSnavi brZnuli gamonaTqvami:
diliT amomaval mzeze adre xedav mezobels. saqarTvelos sWirdeba
erTiani megobruli ruseTi. Cven Zlier vafasebT Tqvens kultur-
as, poezias, literaturas, rusul filosofias. Cveni xalxi pativs
scems gmir rus xalxs. me TviT davwrmundi amaSi, rodesac Cveni
Rirsi da RmerTSemosili mamis, saswaulmoqmedi sergi radoneJelis
safarvelqveS rva weli gavatare moskovis sasuliero akademiisa
da seminariis kedlebSi. darwmunebuli var imaSic, rom ruseTsac
sWirdeba erTiani da megobruli saqarTvelo. es daZabuloba, rome-
lic warmoiSva am bolo dros Cvens saxelmwifoebs Soris, CvenTvis
arabunebrivia da ziani moaqvs orive mxarisTvis.
vimedovnebT, rom Cveni viziti xels Seuwyobs daZabulobis mox-
snas Cvens saxelmwifoebs Soris da daiwyeba axali etapi ruseTsa
da saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobis ganviTarebaSi.
ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mier ,,marTlmadidebluri
enciklopediis~ gamocemis faqti aris Cveni drois udidesi movlena.
man gaaerTiana mTeli marTlmadidebluri samyaro samecniero ZiebebSi
199
da saSualeba misca mTeli msoflios marTlmadidebel mecnierebs, ga-
moeTqvaT Tavisi mosazreba im rTuli movlenebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac
adgili hqonda adgilobrivi eklesiebis mravalsaukunovani istori-
is manZilze. am gamocemiT rusulma marTlmadidebelma eklesiam aRm-
arTa xidebi Cvens eklesiebs, xalxsa da saxelmwifoebs Soris. Cvenma
eklesiebma ganvles istoriuli Camoyalibebis, sulieri srulyofisa
da nacionaluri TviTSegnebis sruli gza. Cvens istoriaSi araerTi
TeTri laqaa, romlebic Cvens mecnierebs unda gamoekvliaT, raTa ua-
mrav kiTxvaze gaecaT saTanado da obieqturi pasuxi.
sasiamovnoa is faqti, rom qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
mraval Temaze muSaobdnen gamoCenili qarTveli da rusi mecnierebi,
romlebic sworad da obieqturad aSuqebdnen dasmul sakiTxebs da
cdilobdnen, mudmiv kontaqtSi yofiliyvnen Cveni eklesiebis xe-
lmZRvanelobasTan da ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ samecnie-
ro-saredaqcio sabWosTan. enciklopedia xSirad exeboda sakiTx-
ebs, romlebsac sxvadasxva eklesia sxvadasxvanairad ganmartavda. am
SemTxvevaSi Cveni mecnierebi atarebdnen saTanado konsultaciebs
redaqciis pasuxismgebel TanamSromlebTan.
,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopedia~ imdenad mniSvnelovani da
aucilebelia, rom darwmunebuli var, axlo momavalSi saWiro gaxde-
ba misi axali gamocema da maSin Cven gveqneba saSualeba davxvewoT
is uzustobebi, romlebic gvxvdeba pirvel gamocemaSi.
kidev erTxel madlobas vuxdi mis uwmidesobas moskovSi mowve-
visaTvis da Zmuri maspinZlobisaTvis. imeds gamovTqvam, rom wels
Sedgeba Tqveni sapasuxo viziti saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelo didi
sixaruliTa da siyvaruliT elodeba Tqven CamobrZanebas, Tqveno
uwmidesobav.
Tqven iyaviT da xarT ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ ga-
mocemis brwyinvale ideis sulisCamdgmeli. mravalJamier Tqven! gi-
survebT didxans sicocxles rusuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa
da wmida marTlmadideblobis sakeTildReod.
200
mzrunvelTa sabWos Tavmdomaris, moskovis meris,mzrunvelTa sabWos Tavmdomaris, moskovis meris,
iuri luJkovis misasalmebeli sityvaiuri luJkovis misasalmebeli sityva
Tqveno uwmidesobav! Rrmadpativcemulo rusuli da qarTuli
eklesiebis mRvdelmTavrebo da moZRvrebo, dano da Zmano, qalbatone-
bo da batonebo!
CemTvis didi pativia monawileobis miReba ,,marTlmadidebluri
enciklopediis~ XIII tomis am uCveulo, SeiZleba iTqvas, istoriul
ptezentaciaSi.
dRes Cven aRvniSnavT ramdenime mniSvnelovan movlenas, rom-
lebic Tan axlavs ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ gamocemaze
muSaobas. Cven vqmniT yvelaze masStabur religiur enciklopedias,
rogoric ki odesme Seqmnila. vfiqrob, rom ,,marTlmadidebluri
enciklopediis~ gamocemis sazedamxedvelo, mzrunvelTa da sazoga-
doebrivi sabWoebis yvela wevrisaTvis misi uwmidesobisaTvis dax-
mareba sapatio da sasiamovnoa. CvenTvis marTlac didi pativia am
muSaobaSi monawileoba da misi keTilsindisierad Sesruleba.
Cven ukve aTi welia vmuSaobT. am aTwleuls ukvalod ar Cau-
vlia. axali ideebis Zlieri mdinare Seerwya azrTa, istoriuli
faqtebis, samecniero problemebis, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis isto-
riasa da momavalze fiqris okeanes. enciklopediaze muSaobam saoc-
ari ZaliT gaaerTiana Tavis garSemo uamravi xalxi.
Tavdapirvelad, rodesac xdeboda ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklo-
pediis~ organizebuli formireba da inteleqtualuri safuZvlis
mxardaWera, Cven vafasebdiT im mniSvnelobas, romelic axla ukve
SeiZina am grandiozulma samuSaom. man gaaerTiana marTlmadidebe-
li xalxi, marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa erTianoba ufro gaZlierda
am samuSaos realizebis dros. ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopedia~
_ es aris yvela qveynis marTlmadideblobis enciklopedia, sadac
is warmoadgens nacionaluri kulturis formirebis safuZvels an
arsebobs rogorc sazogadoebis seriozuli konfesionaluri Semad-
geneli nawili. enciklopediis gamaerTianebeli mniSvneoba, rogorc
201
mniSvelovani faqtori, warmoqmnili am udidesi naSromis arsidan,
vfiqrob, momavalSi ufro gaZlierdeba.
XIII tomis ZiriTadi Sinaarsi _ statiebi, miZRvnili marTlma-
dideblobisadmi saqarTveloSi: qarTuli eklesiis warmoqmna, Camoy-
alibeba da ganviTareba, qarTuli RvTismetyveleba, msaxurebis Ta-
viseburebebi, saeklesio xelovneba, mSenebloba, musika, xatwera da
saxalxo wes-Cveulebebi. CvenTvis Zalian sasiamovnoa im siRrmisa da
masStaburobis aRniSvna, romlebic marTlmadideblobam saukuneebis
manZilze SeiZina qarTvel xalxSi.
Zalze mniSvnelovania dRes amis aRniSvna, rodesac ruseTsa da
saqarTvelos politikur urTierTobebSi gaCnda problemebi, magram
ara or Zmur eklesias Soris da ara ruseTsa da saqarTvelos xalxs
Soris.
muSaoba XIII tomis statiebze, romlebic mieZRvna qarTul marTl-
madideblobas, warmoebda rus da qarTvel mecnierTa erToblioba-
Si im didi surviliT orive mxridan, rom warmoadginon qarTuli
marTlmadidebluri tradicia mTeli Tavisi simdidriT. vfiqrob, Cve-
ni saerTo amocana mdgomareobs imaSi, rom gavfantoT Rrublebi, war-
moqmnili Cvens Tavze, romlebic adre arasodes Crdilavdnen Cveni
xalxis Zmur urTierTobebs.
202
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnulisaqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli
akademiis prezidentis Tamaz gamyreliZisakademiis prezidentis Tamaz gamyreliZis
sityvasityva
Tqveno uwmindesobav _ moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis
patriarqo!
Tqveno uwmindesobav _ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqo!
Zvirfaso qalbatonebo da batonebo!
me gamovdivar aq saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis
saxeliT, agreTve rogorc ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis akademiko-
si. mogexsenebaT, Cveni akademiebis warmomadgenlebma didi wvlili
Seitanes rusuli ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ XII tomis
SeqmnaSi, romlis prezentacia dRes aq xdeba da romlis udidesi naw-
ili eZRvneba saqarTvelos istoriisa da kulturis aRweras, agreTve
qristianobis gavrcelebisa da ganviTarebis istorias saqarTveloSi.
cnobilia, rom qristianoba saqarTveloSi vrceldeba Cveni wel-
TaRricxvis pirvel saukuneebSi da oficialur religiad cxaddeba
meoTxe saukunis dasawyisSi; amave periods ganekuTvneba wmida wer-
ilis pirveli Targmanebi qarTul enaze, Sesrulebuli originaluri
qarTuli damwerlobiT.
aRmosavluri qristianuli samyaro imiT gansxvavdeba dasavluris-
gan, rom aRmosavlur samyaroSi saRvTo wignebi imTaviTve iTargmnebo-
da adgilobriv erovnul enebze, maSin rodesac dasavlur qristianul
samyaroSi romis kaTolikuri eklesia krZalavda msgavs Targmanebs.
qadageba da liturgia aq sruldeboda mxolod laTinurad. swored
amiT aixsneba is, rom dasavlur samyaroSi adreqristianul epoqaSi
ar Seqmnila nacionaluri damwerlobebi da literaturuli enebi
da mosaxleoba am arealSi ar Camoyalibebula am uZveles periodSi
calkeul erovnul erTeulebad; mxolod XV-XVI saukuneebSi iqmne-
ba bibliis martin luTeriseuli germanuli Targmanebi da bibliis
203
am Targmans germanul enaze goeTe miiCnevda germanelTa, rogorc
TviTmyofadi eris formirebis dasawyisad. amisgan gansxvavebiT, aRmo-
savlur qristianul samyaroSi bibliis Targmanebi Cndeba erovnul
enebze imTaviTve, ama Tu im xalxis moqcevisas, rac xels uwyobda maT
Camoyalibebas calkeul erebad sakuTari literaturuli eniTa da
originaluri damwerlobiT. ase moxda es uZveles epoqaSi saqarTve-
loSi, ase moxda es mogvianebiT slavur samyaroSi.
,,wm. mociqulTa sworis konstantine-kiriles cxovrebis~ aRw-
eraSi arsebobs cnobebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra kamaTi iyo am sakiTxis
irgvliv romis kaTolikur eklesiasa da qristianul slavur sam-
yaros Soris. konstantine-kirile ambobda, rom yovel xalxs aqvs
ufleba adidos ufali Tavis sakuTar enaze. im xalxebs Soris, vinc
ukve uZvelesi droidan sakuTar enaze loculobs da RmerTs saku-
Tar, erovnul enaze adidebs konstantine-kirile asaxelebs iberi-
elebs, anu qarTvelebs.
Cvens qristianul kulturebs Soris megobroba, dawyebuli jer
kidev adreqristianul xanaSi, ueWvelad unda gagrZeldes; unda aR-
vadginoT da ganvamtkicoT sulieri kavSiri da keTili urTierToba
Cvens xalxebsa da Cvens kulturebs Soris, romelic arsebobs uZve-
lesi droidan. darwmunebuli varT, rom es sulieri kavSirebi gagr-
Zeldeba kidev uTvalavi weli, aw da maradis da ukuniTi ukunisamde.
204
ruseTis federaciis savaWro-samrewveloruseTis federaciis savaWro-samrewvelo
palatis prezidentis evgeni primakovis gamosvlapalatis prezidentis evgeni primakovis gamosvla
,,marTlmadideblurienciklopediis~ ,,marTlmadideblurienciklopediis~
XIII anbanuri tomis prezentaciazeXIII anbanuri tomis prezentaciaze
Tqveno uwmidesobebo! moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis uwmideso
patriarqo! uwmideso da unetareso, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-
likos-patriarqo!
Tqveno yovladusamRvdeloesobebo!
dRevandeli Sexvedris Zvirfaso monawileebo!
Cveni drois mniSvnelovan movlenas warmoadgens ,,marTlmadide-
bluri enciklopediis~ gamoCena amqveynad.
Cvens daCqarebul teqnogenur saukuneSi ,,marTlmadidebluri en-
ciklopedia” gvaxsenebs kacobriobis udidesi sulieri simdidris,
misi kulturuli Rirebulebebis Sesaxeb, romelTa SenarCunebaSi
didi wvlili miuZRvis eklesias. civilizaciis veranairi monapovari
ver gagviyvans Cven progresis axal doneze sazogadoebis sulieri,
zneobrivi da kulturuli ganviTarebis gareSe.
,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ XIII tomis gamosvla or-
magad RisSesaniSnavia. misi ZiriTadi nawili Sedgeba masalebisgan
saqarTvelosa da qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis Sesaxeb. am
masalebis ganTavseba naTlad mowmobs imaze, rom ,,marTlmadidebluri
enciklopedia” mowodebulia Seasrulos mniSvnelovani gamaerTiane-
beli roli ruseTisaTvis, raTa Zmur kavSirSi gaaerTianos sxvadasx-
va xalxebi da pirvel rigSi isini, vinc airCia marTlmadidebloba
rogorc kompasi, romelic gviCvenebs mimarTulebas cxovrebaSi.
saqarTvelo uZvelesi istoriisa da kulturis qveyanaa, msof-
lios erT-erTi qristianuli saxelmwifoa, romelic yovelTvis
medgrad icavda marTlmadideblur swavlebas.
uZvelesi droidan qarTveli xalxi awarmoebda praqtikulad
ganuwyvetel brZolas dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg _ sparselebis, os-
malebis, xvarazmelebis, monRolebis da sxvebis, vinc qveynis dapy-
205
robasTan erTad cdilobda Tavisi sarwmunoebis damkvidrebasa da
qristianobis aRmofxvras.
erTmorwmune ruseTi gaxda megobari da damcveli dauZlurebu-
li saqarTvelosTvis.
qarTvelma xalxma udidesi roli Seitana marTlmadideblobis
dacvaSi. saqarTvelos istoriaSi aris uamravi magaliTi mowamebrivi
sikvdilisa, romelic saqarTvelos moqalaqeebma qristes rwmenisTvis
miiRes.
istoria mowmobs, rom Cveni xalxebis urTierToba da TanamSrom-
loba sasikeToa orive mxarisTvis. qarTul kulturaSi, civilizaci-
aSi udidesi wvlili Seitana ruseTma, iseve rogorc saqarTvelom
rusul civilizaciasa da kulturaSi. Cemi azriT, marTebuli ar
unda iyos msjeloba, vin ufro metad da vin naklebad isargebla
ori xalxis mravalsaukunovani TanamegobrobiT. miT umetes, amiT
ar unda iyvnen dakavebulebi isini, vinc iTvlebian TavianTi qvey-
nis patriotebad. patrioti nacionalistisagan gansxvavdeba imiT,
rom uangarod Seyvarebuli Tavis samSobloze ar amtkicebs, rom is
ukeTesia sxvis samSobloze, romliTac samarTlianad amayobs sxva
adamiani, sxva xalxi.
ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobebs axla ver vu-
wodebT saukeTesos, magram es warmavalia. im winaaRmdegobebs, rom-
lebic axla amotivtivdnen, Cveni urTierTobis istoriaSi aranairi
safuZveli ar gaaCniaT. es aris mTavari. magram ar SeiZleba zeda-
pirulad movekidoT imas, rac amZimebs urTierTobas Cvens qveynebs
Soris. vimedovneb, rom orive mxridan yvelaferi gakeTdeba imisaTvis,
rom gamovideT am arasaxarbielo mdgomareobidan.
vimedovneb, rom Cveni xalxebis Zmobisa da megobrobis diadi is-
toria xels Segviwyobs amaSi. unda gvaxsovdes istoriis gakveTile-
bi, xolo orientirad Cvens yoveldRiurobaSi unda iyos maradiuli
sulieri faseulobebi.
206
ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis
vice-prezidentisvice-prezidentis
a. d. nikipelovis sityvaa. d. nikipelovis sityva
Tqveno uwmidesobav, uwmideso aleqsi, moskovisa da sruliad
ruseTis patriarqo!
Tqveno uwmidesobav, uwmideso da unetareso ilia II, sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqo!
Rrmadpativcemulo prezentaciis monawileebo!
pativcemulo kolegebo!
,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ Seqmnis pirvelive dRee-
bidan masSi monawileobas ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademia, moskovisa
da sankt-peterburgis saxelmwifo universitetebi, universitetebi
da akademiuri centrebi ekaterinburgSi, novosibirskSi da ruseTis
sxva qalaqebSi. asobiT Cveni mecnieri gaxda avtori da samecniero
recenzenti codnis am unikaluri krebulisa, Cveni wamyvani special-
istebi Sedian enciklopediis samecniero sabWoSi, kurirebas uweven
mTel monakveTebs istoriaSi, areologiaSi, xelovnebaTmcodneobaSi.
jer kidev 2000 wels Cveni TanamSromloba ,,marTlmadideblu-
ri enciklopediis~ SeqmnaSi dadasturebuli iyo xelSekrulebiT
ruseTis marTlmadidebel eklesiasa da ruseTis mecnierebaTa aka-
demias Soris, romelic xelmowerili iyo misi uwmidesobis, moskovi-
sa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqis, uwmidesi aleqsisa da ruseTis
mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidentis iuri osipovis mier. SarSan es
xelSekruleba gagrZelda kidev 5 wliT.
Cven Tavidanve naTlad da mkafiod warmogvedgina, rom ar ar-
sebobs aranairi gansakuTrebuli mecnieruli WeSmariteba da gansa-
kuTrebuli religiuri WeSmariteba. WeSmariteba erTia, ise rogorc
erTia Cveni samyaro. saxelmwifoSi aTeizmis damkvidrebis dros
xelovnurad warmoqmnili kedeli saeklesio da saero mecnierebas
Soris sruliad arabunebrivia da mas ziani moaqvs rogorc eklesi-
isTvis, ise mecnierebisTvis.
207
ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademias SesaZloa sxva samecniero dawe-
sebulebebze ukeT warmoedgina es. mis namdvil da sapatio wevrebs
Soris yovelTvis iyvnen gamoCenili saeklesio mecnierebi. sakmarisia
gavixsenoT cnobili istorikosi mitropoliti makari (bulgakovi),
ruseTis eklesiis istoriis avtori wm. filareti (drozdovi), mit-
ropoliti filareti (amfiTeatrovi) da antoni (vadkovski), nikanori
(klimentievski) da ioseb samaSko, arqiepiskoposebi filareti (gu-
milevski) da saba (tixomirovi), episkoposi evgeni (bolxovitinovi)
da ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sxva warmomadgenlebi. 2000
wels ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidentma iuri osipovma
moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqs, uwmides aleqsis gadasca
ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis sapatio profesoris diplomi ekle-
siis istoriis sferoSi udidesi damsaxurebisaTvis.
erT-erTi damadasturebeli saeklesio da saero mecnierebis er-
Tobisa WeSmaritebis ZiebaSi aris moskovis mitropoliti makaris
(bulgakovis) sax. premiis aRdgena gamoCenili istoriuli Sromebi-
saTvis, romelic eniWeba ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis, ruse-
Tis mecnierebaTa akademiisa da moskovis mTavrobis mier.
,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~, rogorc Tanamedrove
samecniero enciklopediuri gamocemis Seqmnis dros, gamoyenebul
iqna ruseTis did enciklopediaze muSaobis gamocdileba, romelic
ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis egidiT gamodis. Cven didi kmayo-
filebiT aRvniSnavT am ori samecniero-enciklopediuri centris
TanamSromlobasa da urTierTdaxmarebas.
ruseTis did enciklopediaze muSaoba daiwyo 2002 wels ruse-
Tis federaciis prezidentis vladimer putinis gankargulebiT da
,,ruseTis didi enciklopediis” gamocemis samecniero-saredaqcio
sabWos Tavmjdomaris, ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidentis
iuri osipovisa da pasuxismgebeli redaqtoris sergei kravecis
TaosnobiT. dRes mzad varT warmovadginoT ,,ruseTis didi enciklo-
pediis” eqvsi anbanuri tomi da calke tomi, miZRvnili ruseTisadmi.
ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis saxeliT msurs gadavce uwmides
208
aleqsis, moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarq da uwmidessa
da unetares ilia II-s, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq
sertifikatebi ,,ruseTis didi enciklopediis~ srul gamocemaze.
a. nekipelovma gadasca sertifikatebi ruseTisa da saqarTvelos a. nekipelovma gadasca sertifikatebi ruseTisa da saqarTvelos
eklesiebis winamZRvrebs, agreTve saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnu-eklesiebis winamZRvrebs, agreTve saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnu-
li akademiis prezidents Tamaz gamyreliZes.li akademiis prezidents Tamaz gamyreliZes.
* * *
prezentaciis dasasrul sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-
triarqma, uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m moskovisa da sruliad
ruseTis patriarq uwmides aleqsi II-s, ruseTis eklesiis sinodis
wevrebs, batonebs i. luJkovs, e. primakovs, s. kravecs, a. sokolovs, a.
nekipelovs, qalbaton l. sliskas saCuqrad gadasca ori tomi sam-
tomeulisa ,,naTeli qristesi – saqarTvelo~, romlis gamocema qar-
Tul enaze moskovSi, uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is sityvebiT,
,,kidev erTxel miuTiTebs Cvens xalxebsa da eklesiebs Soris urRvev
megobrul urTierTobebze”. prezentaciis Semdeg gaimarTa trapezi.
moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqma uwmidesma aleqsi II-m
kidev erTxel gamoxata kmayofileba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis mravalricxovani delegaciis moskovSi CasvlasTan dakav-
SirebiT da imedi gamoTqva Cveni qveynebis urTierTobaSi arsebuli
problemebis samarTlianad mogvarebisa. sruliad saqarTvelos ka-
Tolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m ganacxada _
es viziti ar aris martooden ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~
prezentaciasTan dakavSirebiT. igi istoriuli mniSvnelobisaa. qa-
rTvel da rus xalxebs bevri ram aqvT saerTo da Cvenma eklesiebma
yvelaferi unda gaakeTon, raTa am bolo dros ruseTsa da saqarT-
velos saxelmwifoebs Soris warmoSobili problemebi mogvardes.
saqarTvelo dainteresebulia Zlier erTian ruseTTan megobrobiT,
Zlieri erTiani stabiluri saqarTvelo ruseTis samxreTi sazRvre-
bis usafrTxoebasa da simSvides niSnavs.
209
* * *
3 marts saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis delegacia
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is meTaurobiT zagorskis sasu-
liero akademias ewvia. aq 1952-1960 wlebSi uwmidesi da unetaresi
ilia II jer sasuliero seminariaSi, xolo Semdeg sasuliero ak-
ademiaSi swavlobda. zagorskis sasuliero akademiaSi daicva dis-
ertacia Temaze ,,aTonis iveriis monastris istoria”. oficialuri
oponentebi iyvnen: profesorebi n. muraviovi da a. georgievski. misi
uwmidesobisaTvis nacnobia zagorskis lavris yvela kuTxe-kunWuli.
aq swavlis periodi Cveni cxovrebis Zvirfasi wlebi iyo, _ aRniSna
misma uwmidesobam. delegaciam daaTvaliera zagorskis muzeumi, Tay-
vani sca wmida sergi radoneJelis saflavs. uwmidesma da unetares-
ma ilia II-m panaSvidi gadauxada moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis
patriarqs uwmides aleqsi I-s. trapezze, romelic saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis delegaciis pativsacemad gaimarTa za-
gorskis akademiaSi, uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m siyvaruliT
da pativiscemiT gaixsena Tavisi aRzrdili pedagogebi. saubari im-
denad uSualo da gulaxdili iyo, rom maspinZlebi moixiblnen da
oficialuri Sexvedra guliTad, megobrul Sexvedrad gadaiqca... zag-
orskidan gamotyorcnili siTbo moskovSi dagvxvda, yvelani vgrZnob-
diT, rom daZabuloba TandaTan ganimuxta.
imave saRamos saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis delega-
ciam daaTvaliera Cveni saxelovani Tanamemamulis zurab wereTlis
daarsebuli xelovnebis muzeumi, sadac warmodgenilia avtoris mier
Seqmnili monumenturi xelovnebisa Tu qandakebis unikaluri ni-
muSebi, saqarTvelosa da ruseTis eklesiaTa meTaurebis brinjaos
qandakebani. muzeumSi imyofebodnen moskovisa da sankt-peterburgSi
moRvawe qarTveli biznesmenebi, mecnierebis, kulturis, xelovnebis
moRvaweebi.
210
erToblivi liturgia…erToblivi liturgia…
4 marts moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqma, uwmidesma
aleqsi II-m da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, uw-
midesma da unetaresma ilia II-m saRmrTo liturgia Caatares qriste
macxovris sakaTedro taZarSi. liturgiis damTavrebisas uwmidesma
patriarqma aleqsi II-m mimarTa taZarSi myofT:
Tqveno uwmidesobav da unetaresobav, yovlad usamRvdeloeso
mRvdelmTavrebo, qristes mier sayvarelo mamebo, Zmebo da debo!
yvelas gilocavT kvira dRes, xolo moziareebs _ qristes yvelas gilocavT kvira dRes, xolo moziareebs _ qristes
wmida saidumlos ziarebas. dRes, didmarxvis kvira dRes, Cven qar-wmida saidumlos ziarebas. dRes, didmarxvis kvira dRes, Cven qar-
Tuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis winamZRvarTan erTad CavatareT Tuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis winamZRvarTan erTad CavatareT
saRmrTo liturgia, gvqonda evqaristiuli erToba. vatarebdiT saRmrTo liturgia, gvqonda evqaristiuli erToba. vatarebdiT
ra dRes saRmrTo liturgias Cvens sayvarel stumrebTan – uw-ra dRes saRmrTo liturgias Cvens sayvarel stumrebTan – uw-
midessa da unetares, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq midessa da unetares, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq
ilia II-sTan erTad, vloculobdiT imaze, rom RmerTma yvela, ilia II-sTan erTad, vloculobdiT imaze, rom RmerTma yvela,
erTi barZimidan moziareni, gagvaerTianos suli wmidis madliT. erTi barZimidan moziareni, gagvaerTianos suli wmidis madliT.
uflis taxtTan erTad mdgomareni Cven vgrZnobT sulTa srul uflis taxtTan erTad mdgomareni Cven vgrZnobT sulTa srul
erTianobas qristesken swrafvaSi. ra Tqma unda, yoveli Cvengani erTianobas qristesken swrafvaSi. ra Tqma unda, yoveli Cvengani
am wuTebSi loculobda ara marto sakurTxevelsa da eklesiaSi am wuTebSi loculobda ara marto sakurTxevelsa da eklesiaSi
myofTa erTianobaze, aramed marTlmadidebel xalxze, romelic ru-myofTa erTianobaze, aramed marTlmadidebel xalxze, romelic ru-
suli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis da qarTuli marTlmadidebeli suli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis da qarTuli marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis samwysos warmoadgens. Cveni ori eklesia iyo, aris da eklesiis samwysos warmoadgens. Cveni ori eklesia iyo, aris da
yovelTvis darCeba urTierTmosiyvarule Zmur eklesiad.yovelTvis darCeba urTierTmosiyvarule Zmur eklesiad.
saxarebaSi macxovari iose qriste gveubenba, rom morwmuneni Sead-saxarebaSi macxovari iose qriste gveubenba, rom morwmuneni Sead-
genen ,,erT samwysos~, romelsac ,,erTi mwyemsi~, TviT macxovari hyavs genen ,,erT samwysos~, romelsac ,,erTi mwyemsi~, TviT macxovari hyavs
(ioan. 10,16). ruseTisa da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel qristianebs (ioan. 10,16). ruseTisa da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel qristianebs
Soris araviTari zRvari ar arsebobs. Cven qristes erTiani samwyso Soris araviTari zRvari ar arsebobs. Cven qristes erTiani samwyso
varT, rac kidev erTxel gavnicadeT dRes. Cven vloculobT da vagr-varT, rac kidev erTxel gavnicadeT dRes. Cven vloculobT da vagr-
ZelebT gulmodgine locvas imaze, rom Cveni xalxis erTianoba sarw-ZelebT gulmodgine locvas imaze, rom Cveni xalxis erTianoba sarw-
munoebaSi dagvexmaros Cveni qveynebis ara mato keTilmezobluri urT-munoebaSi dagvexmaros Cveni qveynebis ara mato keTilmezobluri urT-
ierTobis, aramed sruli urTierTgagebis, TanamSromlobis aRsadgenad.ierTobis, aramed sruli urTierTgagebis, TanamSromlobis aRsadgenad.
211
Cven gvwams locvis sakurnebeli da ganmaaxlebeli Zalisa. es Cven gvwams locvis sakurnebeli da ganmaaxlebeli Zalisa. es
gansakuTrebiT aSkaraa CvenTvis, rodesac vimyofebiT qriste-macx-gansakuTrebiT aSkaraa CvenTvis, rodesac vimyofebiT qriste-macx-
ovris am ganaxlebul taZarSi, romelic gaxda Cveni xalxis simbo-ovris am ganaxlebul taZarSi, romelic gaxda Cveni xalxis simbo-
lo uRmerToebis diqtaturis dros mis mier gadatanili tanjvis lo uRmerToebis diqtaturis dros mis mier gadatanili tanjvis
Semdeg. gvaxsovs, Tqveno uwmidesobav, Tqveni monawileoba am taZris Semdeg. gvaxsovs, Tqveno uwmidesobav, Tqveni monawileoba am taZris
kurTxevaSi, gvaxsovs Tqvens mier warmoTqmuli sityva. viciT, ro-kurTxevaSi, gvaxsovs Tqvens mier warmoTqmuli sityva. viciT, ro-
gori rwmeniTa da siyvaruliT aRmarTeT Tqven, wmida sergis lavris gori rwmeniTa da siyvaruliT aRmarTeT Tqven, wmida sergis lavris
aRzrdilma, yovladwmida cxovelmyofeli samebis didebuli taZari aRzrdilma, yovladwmida cxovelmyofeli samebis didebuli taZari
saqarTvelos dedaqalaqSi. gwams, rom is saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos dedaqalaqSi. gwams, rom is saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi
darCeba rogorc qarTveli xalxis ganaxlebis, mSvidobisa da erovnu-darCeba rogorc qarTveli xalxis ganaxlebis, mSvidobisa da erovnu-
li Tanxmobis simbolo.li Tanxmobis simbolo.
guliTadad mivesalmebi Tqveni uwmidesobis Tanamgzavrebs, rom-guliTadad mivesalmebi Tqveni uwmidesobis Tanamgzavrebs, rom-
lebic TqvenTan erTad CamobrZandnen ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklo-lebic TqvenTan erTad CamobrZandnen ,,marTlmadidebluri enciklo-
pediis~ axali tomis erTobliv wardgenaze, sadac statiebi saqarTve-pediis~ axali tomis erTobliv wardgenaze, sadac statiebi saqarTve-
losa da qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis Sesaxeb momzadebulia losa da qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis Sesaxeb momzadebulia
Cveni ori qveynis mecnierTa mier.Cveni ori qveynis mecnierTa mier.
dRes erTad loculoben marTlmadidebeli rusebi da marTlma-dRes erTad loculoben marTlmadidebeli rusebi da marTlma-
didebeli qarTvelebi. dRes moskovis qrsite-macxovris sakaTedro didebeli qarTvelebi. dRes moskovis qrsite-macxovris sakaTedro
taZarsa da Tbilisis sakaTedro cxovelmyofeli samebis taZris taZarsa da Tbilisis sakaTedro cxovelmyofeli samebis taZris
gundebi erTad adideben ufals. araferi aerTianebs ise, rogorc gundebi erTad adideben ufals. araferi aerTianebs ise, rogorc
erToblivi locva! dae, am keTili saqmis nayofi iyos is, rom Cven erToblivi locva! dae, am keTili saqmis nayofi iyos is, rom Cven
ukeT gavugoT erTmaneTs. viciT, rom Cveni sulieri erTianoba aris ukeT gavugoT erTmaneTs. viciT, rom Cveni sulieri erTianoba aris
uflis nebis asruleba.uflis nebis asruleba.
dRevandeli dRis locvis samaxsovrod gTxovT, Tqveno uw-dRevandeli dRis locvis samaxsovrod gTxovT, Tqveno uw-
midesobav, miiRoT vladimiris RvTismSoblis xatis asli. rusuli midesobav, miiRoT vladimiris RvTismSoblis xatis asli. rusuli
marTlmadidebeli eklesia eTayvaneba vladimiris RvTismSoblis xats. marTlmadidebeli eklesia eTayvaneba vladimiris RvTismSoblis xats.
yovladwmida RvTismSobeli Tavisi wmida saxiT aris qalaq mosko-yovladwmida RvTismSobeli Tavisi wmida saxiT aris qalaq mosko-
visa da Cveni samSoblos mfarveli, mis winaSe mravaljer ulociaT visa da Cveni samSoblos mfarveli, mis winaSe mravaljer ulociaT
gansacdelis Jams. 1993 wels, rodesac ruseTi samoqalaqo omis gansacdelis Jams. 1993 wels, rodesac ruseTi samoqalaqo omis
saSiSroebis winaSe dadga, vladimiris RvTismSoblis saswaulmoqme-saSiSroebis winaSe dadga, vladimiris RvTismSoblis saswaulmoqme-
di xati gadabrZanebuli iyo RvTis gancxadebis sakaTedro taZarSi. di xati gadabrZanebuli iyo RvTis gancxadebis sakaTedro taZarSi.
arasodes damaviwydeba, rogori rwmeniTa da sasoebiT, Tvalcremliani, arasodes damaviwydeba, rogori rwmeniTa da sasoebiT, Tvalcremliani,
212
sanTlebiT xelSi, muxlmodrekiT loculobda xalxi da evedreboda sanTlebiT xelSi, muxlmodrekiT loculobda xalxi da evedreboda
ufals aecilebina Cveni samSoblosaTvis samoqalaqo omi. im firf-ufals aecilebina Cveni samSoblosaTvis samoqalaqo omi. im firf-
itaze, romelic mikrulia am saswaulebrivi xatis asli, weria, rom itaze, romelic mikrulia am saswaulebrivi xatis asli, weria, rom
zeciuri dedoflis es wmida asli gadaecema Tqvens uwmidesobas da zeciuri dedoflis es wmida asli gadaecema Tqvens uwmidesobas da
unetaresobas qristes macxovris taZarSi Cveni erToblivi msaxure-unetaresobas qristes macxovris taZarSi Cveni erToblivi msaxure-
bis samaxsovrod. vimedovnebT, rom Cveni saeklesio Zmuri kavSiri bis samaxsovrod. vimedovnebT, rom Cveni saeklesio Zmuri kavSiri
xels Seuwyobs Cvens xalxebsa da Cvens qveynebs Soris kavSiris xels Seuwyobs Cvens xalxebsa da Cvens qveynebs Soris kavSiris
ganmtkicebas.ganmtkicebas.
gilocavT!gilocavT!
213
ilia II-is sityva moskovisa da ilia II-is sityva moskovisa da
sruliad ruseTissruliad ruseTis
patriarqTan aleqsi II-sTan patriarqTan aleqsi II-sTan
erTobliv RvTismsaxurebazeerTobliv RvTismsaxurebaze
Tqveno uwmidesobav aleqsi II, moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis
patriarqo, usamRvdeloeso mwyemsmTavrebo, Zmano da dano!
,,aha, esera rai-me keTil anu rai-me Suenrie, ara-me damkvidrebai
ZmaTai erTad” (fs. 132, 1).
dRes, ori avtokefaluri eklesiis winamZRvrebisa da warmomad-
genlebis erToblivi saRmrTo liturRiis dros, Cven kidev erTx-
el gamovxateT Zmuri grZnobebi. Cven vimyofebiT qriste-macxovris
didebul taZarSi. gvwams sulTa erTobisa da vimedovnebT, rom dRes
Cvens erTobliv saRmrTo liturRias eswrebodnen da locviT gve-
weodnen ruseTisa da saqarTvelos didebuli winaprebi.
Cveni xalxebi erTiani marTlmadidebluri rwmeniT arian gaer-
Tianebulni; eziarebian Cveni macxovris ieso qristes sisxlsa da
xorcs erTi barZimidan da gaerTianebulebi arian saRmrTo siyvaru-
liT, Cven pasuxs vagebT erTmaneTis winaSe, mociquli pavles sityve-
biT ,,urTierTas simZime itvirTeT da esreT aRasruleT sjuli igi
qristesi~ (galat. 6, 2).
gvwams, rom is problemebi, romlebic wamoiSvnen afxazeTsa da
cxinvalis regionSi, RvTis madliT gadawydeba qarTuli marTlma-
didebluri eklesiis wiaRSi; xolo arCevnebi, romelic dRes tar-
deba afxazeTSi, im dros roca 300 aTasi adamiani gamoZevebulia
sakuTari samSoblodan, ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos legitimurad. miuxe-
davad sirTuleebisa, samRvdeloebis nawili da morwmuneni am re-
gionebidan mWidro urTierTobaSi arian CvenTan da SeZlebisdagavrad
Camodian kidevac. misasalmebelia isic, rom miuxedavad politikuri
da samxedro dapirispirebisa warsulSi, Cvenma xalxebma – qarT-
velebma, afxazebma, osebma SeinarCunes naTesauri, megobruli grZnobebi,
rac gamoixateba urTierTobaSi da urTierTgagebaSi. gvwams, rom
214
saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgena dadebiTad imoq-
medebs stabilurobis aRdgenaze rogorc mTeli kavkasiis regionSi,
aseve ruseTTan urTierTobaSi ara marto politikur, aramed kul-
turul-ekonomikur sferoSi da a. S. saqarTvelos sWirdeba mego-
bruli ruseTi, ise rogorc ruseTs sWirdeba erTiani saqarTvelo
da stabiluri mSvidobiani kavkasia.
Tqveno uwmidesobav, imedi gvaqvs, rom Tqveni maRali avtoriteti
xels Seuwyobs saqarTvelos mTlianobis aRdgenas da Cvens xalxebsa
da saxelmwifoebs Soris ndobis ganmtkicebas, rac ueWvelia dadeb-
iTad imoqmedebs Cveni saxelmwifoebis urTierTobebze.
vimedovnebT, rom wels, Cveni SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, RvTis Sewev-
niT ganxorcieldeba Tqveni viziti saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelo siy-
varuliT moelis Tqvens CamobrZanebas. Cveni udidesi pativiscemisa
da Zmuri siyvarulis niSnad gadmogcemT, Tqven, Tqveno uwmidesobav,
mociqulTa sworis wmida ninos xats, romelic dawerilia bodbis
monastris dedebis mier, sadac ganisvenebs saqarTvelos zeciuri
mfarveli. es xati eqvsi weli dasvenebuli iyo wmindanis saflavze.
dae, mociqulTaswori wmida ninos locva SegewioT Tqven mravalJam-
ier rusuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiisa da mTeli marTlmadide-
blobis sakeTildReod. amin.
* * *
wirvis Semdeg gaimarTa oficialuri sadili, saqarTvelos marTl-
madidebeli eklesiis delegacias gulTbili sityvebiT mimarTes
moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqma uwmidesma aleqsi II-m da
mitropolitma kirilem. sapasuxo sityvaSi sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m, saqarTve-
los mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis prezidentma Tamaz gamyrel-
iZem madloba moaxsenes ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurs
maspinZlobisaTvis. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m ganacxada: _
politikosebma unda mousminon sasuliero pirebs da gaiTvaliswi-
215
non maTi rCevebi, es daexmareba maT mravalricxovani problemebis
mogvarebaSi.
imave saRamos qarTulma diasporam moskovSi mcxovrebi qarTve-
li biznesmenis, baton levan vasaZis iniciativiT oficialuri vaxSami
gamarTa restoran ,,praRaSi” saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesi-
is delegaciis pativsacemad.
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa
qarTuli diasporis warmomadgenlebs: ,,qarTvel xalxs saukuneTa
manZilze araerTxel hqonia didi gansacdeli, magram RvTis SewevniT
dauZlevia igi. vfiqrobT, dRevandeli problemebic droebiTia da
saqarTvelo Tavs daaRwevs mas. mSobliuri miwa, fesvebi Tqven gix-
moben Tqvens samSobloSi~.
5 marts saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis delegacia
moskovidan samSobloSi gamoemgzavra. delegaciis wevrTa erTma naw-
ilma domodedovos raionSi moinaxula deda Tamaris (marjaniSvi-
lis) mier daarsebuli wmida ninos monasteri, sadac qarTvelebs
gulTbilad Sexvdnen da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-
arqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresisaTvis saCuqrad gamoatanes deda
Tamaris portreti.
216
saWiroa sulieri mzera...saWiroa sulieri mzera...
interiviu saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqTan, uwmindessa da une-interiviu saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqTan, uwmindessa da une-
tares ilia meoresTantares ilia meoresTan
_ Tqveno uwmindesobav, saaRdgomod ruseTis xelisuflebam _ Tqveno uwmindesobav, saaRdgomod ruseTis xelisuflebam
droebiT aRadgina pirdapiri sahaero mimosvla Tbilissa da moskovs droebiT aRadgina pirdapiri sahaero mimosvla Tbilissa da moskovs
Soris. rogor miaRwieT am SeTanxmebas?Soris. rogor miaRwieT am SeTanxmebas?
_ daxmarebisTvis saqarTveloSi ruseTis elCs mivmarTeT. Cveni
Txovna dakmayofilda. xalxma es did madlierebad aRiqva. Zalian
gagvixarda, rom ruseTma aseTi nabiji gadadga. magram ajobebs, Tu
aRdgeba normaluri savizo reJimi da satransporto urTierToba
ruseT-saqarTvelos Soris. Cven Tavisufali mimosvla gvaqvs Tur-
qeTTan, xolo ruseTTan – ara. es paradoqsia.
_ moskovis sapatriarqo mxars giWerT?_ moskovis sapatriarqo mxars giWerT?
_ uwmindesi patriarqi aleqsi II yovelTvis iziarebs Cems
mimarTvebs. yvelafers akeTebs, rom ara marto Cvens eklesiebs Soris
iyos megobruli urTierToba, aramed saxelmwifoebs Sorisac. magram,
samwuxarod, yovelTvis ase ar xdeba.
_ moskovsa da Tbiliss Soris ratom gaCnda aseTi Rrma krizisi?_ moskovsa da Tbiliss Soris ratom gaCnda aseTi Rrma krizisi?
_ politikuri grizisi afxazeTis da cxinvalis regionebis sep-
aratistuli tendenciebis gamo gaCnda. ruseTma separatizms mxari
ar unda dauWiros. ruseTs mxolod afxazeTi ki ar sWirdeba, aramed
mTeli saqarTvelo. aseve sWirdeba saqarTvelos mTeli ruseTi _
erTiani da megobruli.
_ rogor afasebT evrokavSirsa da natosTan saqarTvelos daax-_ rogor afasebT evrokavSirsa da natosTan saqarTvelos daax-
loebas, xom ar gaSfoTebT es sakiTxi?loebas, xom ar gaSfoTebT es sakiTxi?
_ globalizaciis procesis SeCereba SeuZlebelia, magram saqarTve-
217
los dasavleTTan daaxloeba ruseTisgan gandgomas ar niSnavs. ruseTi
umetesad marTlmadidebluri qveyanaa da es iyo Cveni daaxloebis sa-
fuZveli. dasavleTs bevri kargi Tviseba aqvs da bevric _ uaryofiTi.
saWiroa sulieri mzera, raTa dainaxo, risi gaziareba SeiZleba da risi
_ ara. mTavaria, sulieri, erovnuli da kulturuli faseulobebis Se-
narCuneba da amaSi Cven ruseTTan unda viTanamSromloT.
_ Tu evropasTan daaxloeba da globalizacia gardauvalia, ra _ Tu evropasTan daaxloeba da globalizacia gardauvalia, ra
gavlenas moaxdens es procesi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli da gavlenas moaxdens es procesi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli da
romis kaTolikuri eklesiebis urTierTobaze?romis kaTolikuri eklesiebis urTierTobaze?
_ Cven normaluri urTierToma gvaqvs kaTolikeebTan, magram
roca isini qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiisgan uflebebs iTx-
oven, SevaxsenebT xolme, rom saqarTvelo marTlmadidebluri qveyanaa.
_ aRdgomis Semdeg Tqven samxreT oseTis mosazRvre raionebSi _ aRdgomis Semdeg Tqven samxreT oseTis mosazRvre raionebSi
gaemgzavreT. ratom?gaemgzavreT. ratom?
_ iq taZris aSenebas vapirebT. es bazilika axlomaxlo soflebs
gaaerTianebs da xels Seuwyobs qarTvelebsa da osebs Soris kargi
urTierTobis ganaxlebas.
_ rogor afasebT moskovis sapatriarqos rols afxazeTis _ rogor afasebT moskovis sapatriarqos rols afxazeTis
problemaSi?problemaSi?
_ samwuxarod, xandaxan iq uwmindesi patriarqis, aleqsis kurTx-
evis gareSec Cadian mRvdlebi. erTxel uwmindesma patriarqma
ruseTidan afxazeTSi mRvdlebis gagzavna SemomTavaza. uari vuTxari,
_ es ara marto saqarTvelosa da afxazeTis, aramed Cvens eklesiebs
Sorisac gaamwvavebda urTierTobas. rusuli eklesiis zogierTi
episkoposi Tavis eparqiaSi iwvevda axalgazrda afxazebs, mRvdlad
akurTxebda da afxazeTSi abrunebda. es kanonieri wesebis darRvevaa.
Tu ruseTis marTlmadidebluri eklesiis romelime eparqia afxazs
mRvdlad akurTxebs, maSin man im eparqiaSi unda imsaxuros, sadac
xeli daasxes.
218
rasakvirvelia, aris Cvens saqmeebSi Carevis mcdeloba, magram
darwmunebuli var, rom uwmindesi patriarqi aleqsi yovelTvis gul-
wrfelia CvenTan.
_ rogor amyarebT urTierTobas saqarTvelos saxelmwifosTan? _ rogor amyarebT urTierTobas saqarTvelos saxelmwifosTan?
qarTuli eklesia xom erTaderTia ssrk-s eklesiebs Soris, romelmac qarTuli eklesia xom erTaderTia ssrk-s eklesiebs Soris, romelmac
SeZlo, dokumenturad eRiarebina misi uflebebi, xolo saxelmwifom SeZlo, dokumenturad eRiarebina misi uflebebi, xolo saxelmwifom
pasuxismgebloba ikisra sabWoTa periodSi gatarebul represiebze?pasuxismgebloba ikisra sabWoTa periodSi gatarebul represiebze?
_ didi Zalisxmeva gaxda saWiro xelSekrulebis dasadebad,
romelic, vfiqrob, misabaZi unda iyos sxva eklesiebisTvis. xe-
lSekrulebaSi xazgasmulia Cveni damoukidebloba. aseve gvekuTvnis
kompensacia. 1917 wlamde 2500 eklesia-monasteri gvqonda, axla ki
aTasamdea. jerjerobiT Cveni yofili sakuTrebis mxolod erTi pro-
centi dagvibrunda, magram procesi grZeldeba.
_ axdenT gavlenas saxelmwifos politikaze?_ axdenT gavlenas saxelmwifos politikaze?
_ erTmaneTis saqmeSi ar vereviT. Cveni urTierToba saqarTve-
los konstituciiT da saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris gaforme-
buli konstituciuri xelSekrulebiT ganisazRvreba. xandaxan Cven
keTil rCevebs viZleviT.
219
6 marts sruliad saqarTvelos 6 marts sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqma,kaTolikos-patriarqma,
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m
depeSa gaugzavna mis uwmidesobas, moskovisa da depeSa gaugzavna mis uwmidesobas, moskovisa da
sruliad ruseTis patriarq aleqsi meoressruliad ruseTis patriarq aleqsi meores
Tqveno uwmidesobav, qristesmiero Zmao!
mSvidobianad davbrundiT ra samSobloSi, qarTuli delegaciisa
da piradad Cemi saxeliT minda uRrmesi madliereba gamovxato pira-
dad Tqven mimarT, uwmidesi mwyemsmTavrisa da TiToeuli Tanamonaw-
ilis mimarT moskovSi CvenTvis gaweuli Tbili maspinZlobisaTvis.
vfiqrob, rom Cveni viziti Zalze mniSvnelovania ara mxolod
Cveni eklesiisTvis, aramed ori qveynis xalxisa da saxelmwifoebi-
sTvis.
Cveni wmida eklesiebi yovelTvis iyo Zmobisa da TanamSromlo-
bis magaliTis mimcemi Cveni politikuri moRvaweebisaTvis. rogorc
Sexvedris dros aRiniSna, Cven vWirdebiT erTmaneTs, Cven vlocu-
lobT da imeds gamovTqvamT, rom yvela is problema, romelic Cvens
saxelmwifoebs Soris undoblobas iwvevs, kerZod ki konfliqtebi
afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi, uaxloes momavalSi mogvardeba.
es ki sasurvel garemos Seuqmnis ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris
momaval TanamSromlobas.
separatizmi saSiSi tendenciaa, romelic mimarTulia saxelm-
wifo wyobis ngrevisken, amis gadasaxalavad yvelaferi unda viRonoT,
rac ki SegviZlia, raTa SevqmnaT keTili da urTierTmisaRebi pirobe-
bi eTnikuri umciresobisaTvis.
vusurveb Tqvens uwmidesobas janmarTelobas, sixaruliTa da
bednierebiT aRsavse dReebs. Tqvens wmida eklesias da qveyanas mSvi-
dobas da Semdgom ayvavebas.
qristesmieri siyvaruliT, sruliad saqarTvelos qristesmieri siyvaruliT, sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II
220
STabeWdilebebiSTabeWdilebebi
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqissruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis
keTili nebis misia ruseTSikeTili nebis misia ruseTSi
2007 wlis 1-4 marti
erToblivi qarTul-rusuli wirva-locva moskovis qriste-macx-
ovris taZarSi ar iyo mxolod sarwmunoebrivi suliskveTebiT
ganmsWvaluli aqti; sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq-
is udidesi saTnoebiTa da RirsebiT warmoTqmul sityvaSi dais-
va fuZemdebluri problemebi, romlebic Seexeboda qarTul-rusul
urTierTobaTa rogorc sulierebis, aseve kulturul da politi-
kur-sazogadoebriv sferoebs: erTmowmune xalxebs Soris arsebul
sulier, kulturul da sazogadoebriv-politikur urTierToba-
Ta ganmsazRvreli faqtoria saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlia-
noba, romlis aRdgenis gareSe Zneli warmosadgeni iqneba lapara-
ki erToblivi sulierebis da saerTo-kulturuli Rirebulebebis
Sesaxeb. es iyo WeSmaritad umaRlesi sulierebiT ganmsWvaluli
sazogadoebriv-politikuri mniSvnelobis sityva, warmoTqmuli qa-
rTvelTa sulieri winamZRvris mier rusuli sulierebis centrSi
_ moskovis qriste-macxovris wmida taZarSi, da Tu Cven Cveni qvey-
nis teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenis procesis droSi aTvlas
daviwyebT, sruliad aqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa
da unetaresis ilia II-is es umniSvelovanesi gamosvla moskovis
qriste-macxovris taZarSi Seva saqarTvelos istoriaSi rogorc am
procesis erT-erTi sawyisi momenti.
Tamaz gamyreliZeTamaz gamyreliZe
221
istoriuli vizitiistoriuli viziti
saqarTvelosa da ruseTis marTlmadidebel eklesiebs So-
ris urTierToba XX saukuneebSi bevr winaaRmdegobas awydeboda.
avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg meoTxedi saukunis manZilze ruse-
Tis eklesias saqarTvelos eklesiasTan ar hqonda evqaristiuli
kavSiri. meore msoflio omis wlebSi ruseTis eklesiam aRadgina
evqaristiuli kavSiri saqarTvelos eklesiasTan, intensiuri gax-
da kavSirebi, Tbiliss stumrobdnen ruseTis patriarqebi: uwmide-
si aleqsi, pimeni ... moskovSi iwvevdnen uwmidessa da unetares
kaTolikos-patriarqebs _ kalistrates, melqisedeks, efrems, da-
viTs, ilia II-s.
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg ruseTsa da saqarTvelos
Soris ara marto politikuri, aramed saeklesio urTierTobebic
garTulda. afxazeTsa da cxinavlis regionSi rusi erovnebis sa-
suliero pirTa qmedebani saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesi-
is iurisdiqciis darRvevis mcdelobad iqna aRqmuli. 2006 wlis
Semodgomaze saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis damamcirebelma deporta-
ciam, sainformacio omma, ekonomikurma sanqciebma ori qveynis urT-
ierToba ukiduresad daiZaba. am fonze sruliad saqarTvelos ka-
Tolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is viziti
moskovSi Tavisi mniSvnelobiT scildeboda ,,marTlmadidebluri
enciklopediis me-13 tomis prezentaciis farglebs.
moskovis macxovris taZarSi 4 marts saqarTvelosa da ruse-
Tis patriarqebis erToblivi RvTismsaxurebis dasasrul saqa-
rTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma qarTveli xalxis saxeliT im
dRes afxazeTis separatistuli xelisuflebis mier Catarebuli
arCevnebi, romlis garSemo aJiotaJs qmnida ruseTis oficialuri
xelisufleba, ukanonod, saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebis uxeS
darRvevad gamoacxada.
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma da
unetaresma ilia II-m dagvanaxa, rogorc azvirTebul okeaneSi
222
brZen winamZRols SeuZlia gemi samSvidoboze gaiyvanos, mas Ses-
wevs Zala urTules di plomatiur labirinTebSi mSvidad gaiaros
da gaataros Tavisi samSoblo.
sergo vardosaniZesergo vardosaniZe
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori
223
,,visurvebT, rom is sruli erTianoba rwmenaSi,,,visurvebT, rom is sruli erTianoba rwmenaSi,
romlis mowmenic varT, gavrceldes Cveni xalxebisromlis mowmenic varT, gavrceldes Cveni xalxebis
yovelmxriv urTierTobebSi~yovelmxriv urTierTobebSi~
moskovSi mcxovrebi morwmune qarTvelebi, wmida giorgis qa-
rTul eklesiaSi, siyvaruliT, sixaruliT Seegebnen uwmidessa da
unetaress. aqve Catarda wirva. ara marto taZari, saeklesio ezoc
gadavsebuli iyo mozRvavebuli mrevliT. yvela iq myofTa saxeebi
iyo gasxivosnebuli, bednieri da yvela cdilobda miaxloeboda uw-
midess. es iyo siyvarulis zeimi.
,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis” XIII tomis prezentaciaze,
macxovris sakaTedro taZarSi aRvlenil erTobliv RvTismsaxureba-
ze Tu sxva viTarebaSi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II Tavis yvela gamosvlaSi aucileb-
lad exeboda afxazeTis da cxinvalis regionis problemebs da ru-
sul-qarTul saxelmwifoTa Soris daZabuli urTierTobis mogvare-
bis sakiTxs.
ar SemiZlia, ar aRvniSno patriarqis gundis da mis Tanmx-
leb momReralTa SesaniSnavi galoba rogorc macxovris sakaTedro
taZarSi, ise sxva RonisZiebebze.
ar SemiZlia, madliereba ar gamovxato moskovSi mcxovrebi qarT-
velebis mimarT maTi yuradRebisa da dauRalavi garjisaTvis, raTa es
mniSvnelovani viziti warmatebulad Catarebuliyo.
eldar Sengelaiaeldar Sengelaia
224
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqissruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis
ilia II-is ruseTSi vizitis gamoilia II-is ruseTSi vizitis gamo
,,uwmidesi Camodis!~ _ es sityvebi moskovSi mcxovrebi qarT-
velebisaTvis malamoa da sixaruli. RmrTis madliT ramodenime-
jer mec Seveswari am movlenas. ucnauri ram xdeba aseT dros
moskovSi. erTmaneTis unaxavi uamravi qarTveli patriarqis garSe-
mo ikribeba. aq arian afxazeTidan devnilebic, saqarTvelos sxva-
dasxva kuTxidan Camosulebic, Tbiliselebic, mecnierebi, xelovani
xalxi, biznesmenebi. rodesac maT ucqer, xvdebi ra sxvadasxva-
nairia Cveni sazogadoeba, ra mravalferovania misi kilo, Cacma,
mixra-moxra. erTi warmomavlobis adamianebi bunebrivad ufro
jguf-jgufad ikribebian patriarqis garSemo, erTmaneTs ucqeren,
esalmebian, yvelas pirze akeria saqarTvelo, misi bed-iRbali, sax-
lSi dabruneba. ucqer am saocar suraTs da kidev erTxel rwmun-
debi, ra erTiania Cveni eri patriarqis garSemo. ra martivia es
gamaerTianebeli sawyisi, ramdenad bunebrivi da mtkicea.
levan vasaZelevan vasaZe
ruseTSi mcxovrebi qarTveli biznesmeni
225
,,CvenTan ars RmerTi”,,CvenTan ars RmerTi”
boing 747-is salonSi Semosuli, wamiT SeCerda, yvelas mogvwvda
mzeriT, RimiliT warmoTqva es sityvebi, pirvelive rigSi dabrZanda
da avfrindiT kidec.
saocari suraTia... patriarqTan erTad xar caSi, mifrinav; mgza-
vrTa umetesoba sasuliero piria, iqve, savarZlebze xatebia dasven-
ebuli. bavSvuri, gulubryvilo, fiqrebi ameSala. RmerTTan siaxlovis,
idumalebis, daculobis SegrZneba gamiCnda.
moskovisken mivfrinavT. politikosebis mier ,,daxurul~,
,,akrZalul~ sahaero sivrces mivapobT saqarTvelos sulieri mamis
TavkacobiT. uzarmazari rkinis Citi mSvidobis im mtreds damsgavse-
bia, bibliur noes _ warRvnis, Cvens erTmorwmune mezobels ki ,,civi
omis” dasasruli rom unda auwyos.
ruseTis miwaze fexs pirveli ilia II dgams. ukan TanmxlebTa
garinduli rigi mihyveba xatebiT xelSi. grZeli gzaa dedaqalaqamde.
patriarqs sirenebiani eskorti acilebs.
amindi samxreTulad CaxCaxa da Tbilia, iseTive, rogorc Cveni
maspinZlebis ganwyoba.
,,marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis~ gamosvla gaxldaT sababi
am mogzaurobisa. saqarTvelos patriarqma miiRo aleqsi II-is miwveva
da gadadga kidec pirveli nabiji ,, mSvidobisken”.
SemdgomSi mis mier gakeTebuli yvela gancxadeba dasturi iqneba
am miznisa da Cveni samSvidobo misiisa.
,,saqarTvelo pativs unda scemdes, aRiarebdes ruseTis terito-
riul mTlianobas, iseve rogorc ruseTma unda izrunos saqarTve-
los teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenaze~.
Sokis momgvreli iyo macxovris taZaraSi umaRlesi sasulie-
ro pirisgan teritoriul mTlianobaze, afxazeTisa da cxinvalis
problemebze saubari; an Tundac maspinZlebisTvis imis Sexseneba,
rom ruseTisTvis gacilebiT momgebiani unda iyos gaerTianebuli da
Zlieri saqarTvelos mezobloba.
226
minda gavimeoro moskovis sakaTedro taZarSi ruseTis patriarq-
is mier warmoTqmuli sityvebi:
,,am mZime marxvis dros Tqvenma CamobrZanebam iseTi amaRlebuli
ganwyoba Seqmna, TiTqos aRdgoma dRe gaTenebuliyo~.
kiTxvis niSnebi mainc darCa ... ra zemoqmedebas moaxdens es
viziti ori qveynis samomavlo urTierTobaze?
eyofaT rus politikosebs Zala, sakuTar politikas CauRrmavd-
nen da aRiaron saqarTvelos damoukidebloba? (Tu dRes ara, xval
mainc mouwevT amis gakeTeba!. aRmoaCndebaT qarTvelebs imis unari da
sibrZne, rom Caswvdnen saqarTvelos patriarqis sityvebs: ,,adamiani,
gaRviZebisas, mzeze adre mezobels xedavso”. rogor unda moiqcnen
am ori qveynis politikosebi, Semdeg ki Cven, Cveulebrivi moqalaqeni,
roca eklesiis winamZRolni aseT magaliTs gviCveneben?
am kiTxvebs albaT momavali gascems pasuxs. dRes ki me Tvalwin
midgas is uzamrazari pirdafCenili ormo _ saZirkveli, romelzec
Semdeg samebis brwyinvale taZari wamoimarTa. gaognebuli videqi
maSin mis piras da gulSi vfiqrobdi, RmerTo Cemo, am SeWirvebul
droSi ra amoavsebs amxela sivrces-meTqi. SeuZleblad meCveneboda
am saqmisTvis gvirgvinis dadgma.
aki dgas TbilisSi rwmenis qvakuTxedad wmida samebis taZari
_ RmerTisa da Cveni patriarqis didi saidumlo. amitom, ar maqvs
ufleba, ar davijero, rom am samSvidobo misiasac, rogorc misi uw-
mindesobis dawyebul yvela saqmes, bolo keTili ar eqneba.
gogi xarabaZegogi xarabaZe
227
,,iyavn igi Tqvenda mona~,,iyavn igi Tqvenda mona~
ra Tqma unda, RvTis nebaa, rom am urTules da winaaRmdegobebiT
aRsavse xanaSi Cvens ers, Tavisi locva-kurTxeviT, gamarjvebis suls
da ukvdavebis Zalas aniWebs misi sulieri mama _ sruliad saqarT-
velos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II.
miuxedavad imisa, rac saqarTveloSi da mis garSemo xdeba, Cveni
samSoblo mainc dgas da mudam fexze damdgari iqneba! saqarTvelo
Cveni macxovris uZvelesi saxlia, romlis WerqveS saukuneebis man-
Zilze varT Sefarebuli rogorc ormoci kabadokieli mxedari, rom-
lebic erT saRamos warmarTebma gayinul tbaSi Cayares, TviTon ki
iqve maxloblad cxel abanoSi Tbebodnen da Rriancelobdnen... magram
sebasteli mxedrebi ar Sedrknen, isini uZlieresi sulis adamianebi
aRmoCndnen...
ormoci kabadokieli mxedari mTeli saqarTvelos saxea! da me
mjera, rom dRes Cvens Soris ar unda aRmoCndes iseTi sulmokle,
romelic am rigebs gamoeyofa. Cven es Zala Cveni xalxis didma war-
sulma da ilia II-m STagvagona.
istoriaSi es asec xdeba, romelime eris saukeTeso Svili saku-
Tar TavSi atarebs Tavisi xalxis svebeds. masSi, rogorc pirovnebaSi,
SesaZloa gaucnobierad, SeiZleba mistikuradac ki, Tavs iyris mTeli
eris gamocdilebac...
moskovurma dReebma kidev erTxel dagvanaxa, rom rogorc yov-
elTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki SeiZleba qarTveli eris istoriis dRe-
vandel etpze, Cven TvalnaTliv vxedavT udides rols, romelsac
saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli eklesia asrulebs Cveni
xalxis cxovrebis mniSvnelovan aspeqtSi. aseve ar SeiZleba Tvalsa-
Cinod ar vixiloT is mZime jvari, romelsac Tavis mxrebze atarebs
misi mesaWe.
rezo CxeiZerezo CxeiZe
228
vaxtang sarTaniavaxtang sarTania
moZRvarTmoZRvarT moZRvarimoZRvari
Cveni samSoblos istoriis uamravi gansacdelidan Znelia ga-
movyoT yvelaze cudi an gansakuTrebulad mZime momentebi, radgan
CvenSi yovel istoriul kataklizmas apokalifsuri xifaTi axl-
da, saRvTo wignebSi nawinaswarmetyvelebis safrTxeebis eqo xSirad
aryevda Cveni saxelmwifos sazRvrebs. aseT momentebSi sakmarisi
imedis moZieba, sakuTari erovnuli unikalurobisa da uflis winaSe
umaRlesi pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis SenarCuneba Zalze mniSvnelo-
vania, da amasTan, uaRresad rTulic. qristianobasTan ziarebis Sem-
dgom Cveni qveyanis sulier cxovrebas saqarTvelos eklesia uZRve-
boda. romlis gezic mudmivad iyo ara brma fanatizmi, aramed misi
mrevlis gaazrebuli, inteleqtualuri rwmeniT gaSuqebuli goneba.
es inteleqtualizmi ikiTxeba Cvens uZveles werilobiT ZeglebSi,
sasuliero da saero literaturaSi, istoriul qmedebebsa da gad-
awyvetilebaSi, eris mier Tavisi gmirebis gamorCevisa da pativis-
cemis principebSi. am gezis gamrudeba ar SeiZleboda da swored
am gezis SenarCunebis saqmes emsaxureboda Cveni eklesia Tavisi
wignebiT, RvawliT, qadagebebiT, piradi magaliTiTa da TavganwirviT,
Tavisi samrevlo skolebiTa da akademiebiT, moZRvris institutiT,
samecniero moRvaweobiT, saxelmwifos saero ganviTarebis ganmap-
irobebel aRmSeneblobis procesSi monawileobiT, TanamSromlobiT.
amitomac iyo, rom saukeTeso saxelmwifo saqmeTa marTvaSi upirve-
les pirTa Soris iyvnen sasuliero pirebi, magaliTad: grigol xanZ-
Teli, giorgi Wyondideli, sulxandsaba orbeliani, gabriel qiqoZe,
ambrosi xelaia da sxvani da sxvani.
am gezis SenarCunebas Tavis upirveles movaleobad miiCnevdnen
saqarTvelos patriarqebi, da amitomac iyvnen isini yovelTvis Cveni
229
eris sulieri da inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis saTaveebTan. mx-
olod mters SeiZleba undodes saero saganmanaTleblo sivrcidan
eklesiis Camocileba da izolacia, TiTqosda arsebobdes ori WeS-
mariteba erT SemecnebiT sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, TiTqosda arsebob-
des ori morali, ori sikeTe, ori WeSmariteba...
Tanamedrove epoqalur gamowvevaTa Soris erTderTi yvelaze
mwvave swored ganaTlebasa da mecnierebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTx-
ia, romelic am bolo dros sruliad specifikuri rakursiT war-
mogvidga: ganaTleba da mecniereba TviTmiznad gamocxadda, aqaoda esa
Tu is codna TavisTavadaa mniSvnelovani da ara adamianis sasikeTod,
misi sulieri da gonebrivi energiis humanuri, zogadsakacobrio
idealebisaken misamarTad. albaT, amitomacaa, rom geniosebis udide-
si aRmoCenebi Zalian xSirad ekologiuri katastrofis, atomuri
bombisa da sxva masobrivi ganadgurebis iaraRis Seqmnis safuZvlad
gamoiyeneba, da ara adamianTa gadasarCenad, SimSilisa da daavadebaTa
dasaZlevad, xelovnebis nimuSTa Sesaqmnelad.
Cven mier dasaxelebul sakiTxebs kidev mravali magaliTi da
argumenti SeiZleba miematos, magram, vfiqrobT, esec sakmarisia imis
saTqmelad, rom kacobrioba usulo ganaTlebis gafetiSebas unda
Seelios da adamiani „mcodne manqanas“ ki ar unda daamsgavsos, aramed
Cvens epoqaSi Tavmoyrili ukidegano codnis sulier matarebels,
romelic Tavis saboloo miznad ara oqrosa da fufunebis, garTobi-
sa da Tavdaviwyebis mopovebas, aramed saRmrTo siyvarulis umaRles
idealTan misvlas isaxavs.
saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqs, uwmidessa da unetaress
ilia meores uaRresad rTul droSi mouxda Tavisi umZimesi da
gansakuTrebulad sapatio misiis Sesruleba: mas ara marto wiTeli
aTeizmis Savbnel epoqaSi unda gamoetarebina Tavisi samwyso, aramed
globalizaciuri samyaros ekleqtur RirebulebaTa oponireba unda
gaewia, Tavis xalxSi aRedgina da SeenarCunebina sarwmunoeba. msof-
lio religiaTa didma nawilma am gamowvevebs an Tanamedrove ten-
denciebisagan gasamijni muqi farda Camoafara da Tavis mimdevrebs
230
garkveuli codnis miReba aukrZala, an Tavad gadaeSva modernistul
RirebulebebSi da Tavisi liberaluri gadawyvetilebebiT avangar-
dul msoflios gauswro kidec aratradiciuli Rirebulebebis da-
kanonebis saqmeSi, zogi ki seqtebad daiSala da yoveli axali faseu-
lobisaTvis axali „samreklodan daiwyo rekva“. am dros saqarTvelos
eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeli dinji, mwyobri, ganaTlebiT damSvenebuli
sityviT mimarTavs ersa da bers da ki ar gaurbis codnas, aramed
eswrafvis mas, ki ar uxuWavs Tvals codvas, aramed amxels mas, ki
ar iSleba, aramed erTiandeba. SevecdebiT mokled CamovayaliboT is
ZiriTadi momentebi, romlebic ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis Temisadmi
saqarTvelos kaTolikosdpatriarqis damokidebulebas gamoxatavs:
1. saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqis gamWriaxi mzera
saganTa arss swvdeba da sxvebsac aseTi siRrmebi-
sken axedebs. man uwyis, rom codna is Zalaa, romelsac
borotebis daZleva xelewifeba, Tuki sworad iqneba gage-
buli da Sefasebuli. Cveni patriarqis TqmiT, upirvelesi upirvelesi
mizani ganaTlebisa d codnis sworad gageba da Sefasebaa: mizani ganaTlebisa d codnis sworad gageba da Sefasebaa:
Cven unda gvqondes WeSmaritebaze dafuZnebuli analitikuri
azrovnebis unari, rom gavarCioT, ra aris misaRebi da ra uarsayofi,
gaviazroT, rogor davZlioT esa Tu is problema, ra gavakeToT imis-
aTvis, rom adre daSvebuli Secdomebi aRar gavimeoroT da SevZloT
momavlis swori prognozireba. Cemi didi xnis ocnebaa, skolaSi
iyos analitikuri azrovnebis kursi, raTa mozardi Taoba adreuli
asakidanve mieCvios gansjisa da swori nabijebis gadadgmas. (2009/10
wlebi, saSobao epistole);
2. codnas adamianisaTvis axlis gagebis sixaruli moa-
qvs da zogjer ampartavnebaSic agdebs mas, rogorc aqamde
dauZleveli mwvervalis dampyrobs. ampartavneba ki cudi
mrCevelia, swored ampartavneba iTrevs adamians yovlisS-
emZleobisa da zekacobis damaTrobel samyaroSi, ramac igi
SeiZleba avtoritarizmamde da moZaladeobamde miiyvanos,
ai, ras brZanebs amis Sesaxeb Cveni patriarqi:
231
TiToeuli Cvenganis da saerTod, Cveni eris umTavresi prob-
lema is aris, rom gvaklia Tavmdabloba da gvgonia, rom Cveni
ZalebiT, Cveni WkuiTa da unariT SevZlebT warmatebebis miRwevas,
rac madlis mopovebaSi xelisSemSlel garemoebad iqceva. Rmer-
Tis gareSe TviT angelozebsac ar ZaluZT arara, miT umetes
Cven. .... muxlmodrekiT, umorCilesad SevTxov yovladwmida same-
bas, mogvaniWos Tavmdabloba da TiToeuli Cvenganis guli hyos
beTlemis bagad, romelSic iSveba RmerT-kaci igi _ ieso qriste.
dideba Senda, ufalo, macxovaro Cveno, romeli gancdasa Cven-
Ta codvaTasa mogvaniWeb da dacemulTa aRgvadgineb! dideba Sen-
da, ufalo, romeli aRgvavseb Cven madliTa SeniTa da gvaziareb
saukuno netarebasa Sensa! (saSobao epistole 2009/2010).
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs araCveulebrivi organizaci-
uli niWi aqvs momadlebuli. mis gverdiT arian is sasuliero pirebi,
romelTac locvasTan erTad TavianT movaleobad miaCniaT moRvaweo-
ba: Sroma, swavla, samecniero azrovneba, aRmSenebloba, swavleba da sxv.
am yovelives eklesiebSi bevri SesaniSnavi pirovneba gamoCnda, rasac
xeli Seuwyo uwmidesis da unetaresis, kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia
II-is locva-kurTxeviT gaxsnilma Tbilisis sasuliero akademiam.
sasuliero akademiis TbilisSi gadmosvlis Semdeg misi saqmianoba
metad gafarTovda. aman ganapiroba is, rom sasuliero akademiis
meSveobiT eklesia-monastrebs metad saintereso msaxurebi, xolo
Teologiur mecnierebas mravali kvalificiuri kadri Seemata. sasu-
liero akademiis Semdeg kaTolikos-patriarqis uSualo iniciativiT
da locva-kurTxeviT gaixsna saero umaRlesi saswavleblebi: wmida
andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universiteti. axali
Tanamedrove standartebis universiteti Rirseulad Cadga qarT-
veli samecniero kadrebis momzadebis saqmeSi. sul male universi-
tetma daiwyo sxvadasxva dargebisTvis umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone
kvalificiuri kadrebis momzadebac. am yvelafers xeli im gare-
moebamac Seuwyo, rom qarTul universitetSi Tavi moiyara Tbili-
sis saxelmwifo universitetis, sulxan-sabas orbelianis saxelobis
232
pedagogiuri universitetis da sxva universitetebidan wamosulma
profesor-maswavleblebma, romelTac umaRles skolebSi muSaobis
mravalwliani gamocdileba gaaCdaT. erTi wlis Semdeg, aseve ka-
Tolikos-patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT saqarTvelos sapatriarqom
gaxsna kidev ori umaRlesi saswavlebeli: xulos wmida tbel abuse-
riZis saxelobis saswavlo universiteti da TbilisSi wmida Tamar
mefis saxelobis medicinis instituti, amJamad medicinis saswavlo
universiteti. orive universiteti kvalificiuri kadrebis momzade-
bas emsaxureba.
saxelmwifos meTaurisa da saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis
erToblivi brZanebiT q. quTaisSi daarsda gelaTis mecnierebaTa ak-
ademia, romelic Catarebuli kvlevebis Tanaxmad gamoscems samecnie-
ro Jurnalebs Teologiis, eklesiis istoriis, Zveli qarTuli enis,
literaturis, qristianuli xelovnebis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze da
problemebze. kaTolikos-patriarqi mecnierebis mxardaWerisa da mis
ganviTarebaSi ganuzomeli wvlilisaTvis arCeul iqna saqarTvelos
erovnul mecnierebaTa akademiis sapatio akademikosad, iv.javaxiSvi-
lis saxelmwifo universitetisa da sulxan-saba orbelianis saxe-
lobis peadgogiuri universitetis sapatio profesorad.
2005 wels wmida mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis dRes daarsda sruli-
ad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis saerTaSoriso saqvelmoqme-
do fondi ~sulierebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis aRorZineba da
ganviTareba~. patriarqma fondis daarsebis mizani ase ganmarta -
fondis zrunvis sagani iqneba ara marto sulierebis ganmtkiceba,
aramed kulturisa da mecnierebis aRorZineba da ganviTareba, rasac
udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelos ganviTarebisaTvis. fondi
mravali mimarTulebiT muSaobs, exmareba gamomcemlobebs, afinansebs
samecniero, istoriul, saswavlo-SemecnebiTi da avtografiuli xasi-
aTis wignebis gamocemas, aqtiurad monawileobs qveynis kulturuli
memkvidreobis dacvisa da gadarCenis saqmeSi.
3. misi uwmidesoba sxva wmida mamebTan erTad monawil-
eobs qveynisTvis mniSvnelovan forumebSi, samecniero da
233
kulturul RonisZiebebSi, diplomatiur da humanitarul
misiebSi. saqarTvelos wminda eklesia mecnierebisa da
ganaTlebis didi megobaria. amitomacaa, rom dRevandel
saqarTveloSi gvaqvs ara marto sasuliero saswavleble-
bi, seminariebi da sasuliero akademia, aramed patriarq-
isgan xeldasxmuli saero skolebi da universitetebi.
amitomac aris, rom yvela saxelmwifo saero instituti
ara mxolod angariSs uwevs, iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos
kaTolikosdpatriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia
meoris mosazrebebsa da rekomendaciebs, aramed maTi umrav-
lesoba eswrafvis Tavisi sakeTebeli saqmis warmatebisT-
vis swored uwmindesis rCeva da kurTxeva miiRos. yove-
live amis dasturia amJamindel parlamentSi inicirebuli
kanonproeqtis suliskveTebac, romlis mixedviTac: „cvl-
ilebebi Sedis ~umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ kanonSi.
cvlilebis mixedviT, saRvTismetyvelo umaRles sagan-
manaTleblo dawesebulebaze kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili
akreditaciis wesebi aRar gavrceldeba.
saRvTismetyvelo umaRlesi ganaTlebis samarTlebriv reg-
ulirebasTan dakavSirebuli cvlilebebi Seexeba umaRlesi ganaT-
lebis Sesaxeb kanonis sxva nawilebsac: ganisazRvreba programebze
miRebisa da grantis gacemis wesi, saRvTismetyvelo umaRlesi
ganaTlebis sferoSi patriarqis uflebamosileba, studentTa Car-
icxvis wesi da sxva.
am cvlilebiT, umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi
saRvTismetyvelo samagistro programebze studentebi saerTo sam-
agistro gamocdis gareSe Cairicxebian, kaTolikos-patriarqis dad-
genili wesiT. saxelmwifo granti ki kaTolikos-patriarqis wardg-
inebiT mieniWebaT.
kanonproeqtis Tanaxmad, umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kan-
ons emateba axali punqtebi, romlebic ganmartavs „sapatriarqos“,
„saRvTismetyvelo umaRles ganaTlebas“, „saRvTismetyvelo umaRles
234
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas“ da „sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-
likos-patriarqs“.
umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanons aseve emateba saRvTisme-
tyvelo umaRlesi ganaTlebis „ZiriTadi miznebis“ amsaxveli pun-
qtebi. maT Sorisaa „rwmenisa da codnis erTnianobaze, ganaTlebis
uwyvetobasa da memkvidreobiTobaze, agreTve marTlmadideblur swav-
la-moZRvrebasa da kulturaze dafuZnebuli saganmanaTleblo da
samecniero saqmianoba, romelic emsaxureba marTmadidebluri rwmeni-
sa da Rirebulebebis damkvidrebasa da ganmtkicebas“, „zogadqris-
tianuli da qarTuli marTlmadidebluri kulturis Rirebulebebis
Camoyalibebisa da ganmtkicebis xelSewyoba“ da sxva.
cvlilebebi Sedis akademiuri xarisxis gansazRvris nawilSic.
moqmedi kanonis mixedviT, akademiuri xarisxi gansazRvrulia, ro-
gorc „xarisxi, romelic mieniWeba pirovnebas umaRlesi saganmanaT-
leblo dawesebulebis mier Sesabamisi umaRlesi ganaTlebis safex-
uris damTavrebisas“. kanonproeqtis mixedviT ki, akademiuri xarisxi
ganisazRvreba, rogorc „kvalifikacia, romelsac pirs akademiuri
umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesabamisi safexuris damTavrebisas aniWebs
umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba an sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis mier damtkicebuli wesis Sesabamisad mini-
Webuli kvalifikacia“.
kanonproeqtisve mixedviT, patriarqi uflebamosilia, 2015 wlis
pirvel ianvramde Tavad gansazRvros umaRlesi ganaTlebis sfero-
Si akademiuri xarisxis miniWebis saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobisgan
gansxvavebuli wesi da mianiWos akademiuri xarisxi mis mier gansaz-
Rvruli wesis safuZvelze.
kanons aseve emateba muxli, romelic gansazRvravs saqarTve-
los kaTolikos-patriarqis uflebamosilebebs saRvTismetyvelo
umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi. misi mixedviT, kaTolikos-patriarqi
afuZnebs saRvTismetyvelo umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas
da amtkicebs mis wesdebas; amtkicebs am dawesebulebis studen-
tebis swavlis safasurs; akademiuri Tanamdebobebis dakavebis wess;
235
ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnul centrTan SeTanxmebiT
amtkicebs diplomis da danarTis formas da sxva. dawesebulebis
reorganizacia da likvidacia sapatriarqos prerogativaa - likvi-
daciis Semdeg misi qoneba gadaecema sapatriarqos.
kanonproeqti avaldebulebs ganaTlebis saministros, daamtkicos
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis mier
gacemuli ganaTlebis damadasturebeli dokumentebis aRiarebis wesi.
kanonproeqtis mizani „saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mier
dafuZnebuli saRvTismetyvelo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawese-
bulebebis da maTi saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis gansxvavebuli reg-
ulirebis aucileblobaa“. http://www.tabula.ge/ge/story/63394-ga-natlebis-sistemashi-patriarqis-roli-izrdeba
4. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia meore gansakuTrebul
mniSvnelobas aniWebs analitikur azrovnebas, romelmac
adamiani unda miiyvanos WeSmaritebamde. adamianis goneba
Tavisufali SemoqmedebisTvis Seqmna gangebam da ara brma
morCilebisTvis, riskenac xSirad Tanamedrove ideolo-
giuri sistemebi ubiZgeben kacobriobas; Tundac yvelaze
humanuri azri, pirovnebam unda gaaanalizos da organulad
SeiTvisos, miiRos:
„rodesac adamiani analitikuri azrovnebis gareSe iwyebs saqmes,
SesaZloa, amisTvis is mzad ar iyos. amitom ganaTlebis saministrom
unda moaxerxos da dawyebiT klasebsa da umaRles saswavleblebSi
analitikuri azrovnebis ganviTarebas xeli Seuwyos. „vfiqrob, Cveni
ganaTlebis saministro miva im daskvnamde, rom dawyebiTi klasebidan
dawyebuli saSualo skolaSi da umaRles saswavleblebSi analiti-
kuri azrovneba Setanili iqneba“, - brZanebs patriarqi. http://www.
epn.ge/archives/11033
5. saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi araerTgzis acxadebs,
rom ganaTlebis sistemis amocanaa ara mxolod calkeu-
li dargobrivi codnis micema axalgazrdobisaTvis, aramed
upirveles yovlisa, maTi aRzrda srulyofil adamianebad,
236
patriotebad, moqalaqeebad; amitomac aRniSnavs araerTx-
el, rom aucilebelia aRmzrdelobiTi meTodologiebis
moZieba da danergva saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi: „pirovnebis
sworad Camoyalibeba damokidebulia ojaxSi aRzrdaze. es
garemo, saswavlebelTan da eklesiasTan erTad, gadamwyvet
rols asrulebs axalgazrdis formirebaSi. komunisturi
reJimis pirobebSi bevri ram damaxinjda, gaukuRmarTda, maT
Soris, Svilebisadmi siyvarulic. mSoblebi Tavisi gagebiT
ufrTxildebian maT da cdiloben, hqondeT saukeTeso Casa-
cmeli, araferi etkinoT, ar ewyinoT, ar daiRalon, aramed
gaerTon da isiamovnon.. . . anu uqmnian sasaTbure pirobebs
da Tavisdauneburad bavSvebSi egoistur suls aRazeveben.
es aris gaucnobierebeli mtroba Svilebis mimarT!
aseTi damokidebulebis Sedegad axalgazrda ususuri
xdeba, ara aqvs Sinagani simtkice, xSirad iCens simxdales,
mudmivad eZebs sayrdens da sxvazea damokidebuli, daqve-
iTebuli aqvs azrovnebac da sicocxlisunarianobac;
amasTan, aris ambiciuri da ,,me~-ze orientirebuli. es
yvelaferi sxvadasxva ekonomiuri SesaZleblobis mqone
fenaSi sxvadasxva saxiT vlindeba, Tumca did nawilSi
erTi saerTo mdgomareoba SeimCneva, _ arsebuliT dakmayo-
fileba, uiniacitivoba da miSvebuloba. xSiria SemTxvevebi,
roca maT bevri ram akliaT, magram ezarebaT viTarebis
gamosworebisaTvis zrunva. SedarebiT ukeTes mdgomareo-
baSi myofnic, zedmetad Tavs ar iwuxeben, radgan ara aqvT
Ziebis survili. es moswavleebi da studentebi amTavre-
ben ra saswavlebels, amTavreben urTierTobas wignTan da
mxolod internetis TamaSebiT iqceven Tavs. bevri mieCvia
uSromelad, an SedarebiT ioli saqmianobiT, Tavis gatanas
da aRar eZebs sxva gzebs mdgomareobis gamosasworeblad;
amasTan, Tu erTxel ar gaumarTla mcdelobam, uimedoba ip-
yrobs, depresiuli xdeba da iwyebs cxovrebis kibeze kidev
237
ufro daRma daSvebas. amitomac gamravlda narkomania, lo-
Toba, qurdoba, mkvleloba, aRviraxsniloba...; es yvelaferi
araswori aRzrdis Sedegia.
Cveni Svilebi Tavidanve Zlier pirovnebebad unda
aRvzardoT da, pirvel rigSi, RvTis siyvaruli da ime-
di STavunergoT; imedi imisa, rom Tu sworad icxovreben,
martoni arasodes iqnebian da problemebs uflis SewevniT
aucileblad gadalaxaven.
amasTan, patarebi unda mivaCvioT Serigebas, wyenis daviwye-
bas, megobrebisadmi da, saerTod, adamianisadmi erTgulebas,
madlierebas, sxvis daxmarebas, swored imis gaRebas, rac
TviTon yvelaze metad uyvars da sxvisi sixaruliT gax-
arebas, unda mivaCvioT samarTlianobas, amtanobas, tkivilis
gaZlebas, rTul situaciaSi gamosavlis povnas, ra Tqma
unda, Sromasa da wignis kiTxvas; anu movamzadoT cxovre-
bisaTvis.
fizikuri da inteleqtualuri datvirTva aucilebelia
jansaRi Taobis aRsazrdelad, rom saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
Tavic daicvas da sxvac, amasTan, gaarCios, sad aris Savi da
sad _ TeTri, ra aris kargi da ra _ cudi piradad misT-
vis, misi ojaxisaTvis, axloblebisa da qveynisaTvis, rom
Tavis Sinagan samyaroSi igrZnos silaRe, Tavisufleba, si-
Zliere da siyvaruliT aRvsili am Tvisebebis sxvaTaTvis
gamziarebeli iyos sicocxlis bolomde.
am miznis misaRwevad ded-mamam piradi magaliTi unda
uCvenon da, amave dros, urTierTpativiscemiTa da SeTanx-
mebulad unda imoqmedon. http://presa.ge/new/?m=soci-ety&AID=27143
Cveni patriarqi xSirad aRniSnavs, rom ymawvilTa msoflmxedve-
lobis CamoyalibebaSi wignze ara naklebi mniSvneloba aqvs aRmzr-
delTa pirad magaliTs, maT zneobriobasa da humanizms. kargi adami-
ani kargi aRmzrdelia. kaTolikos-patriarqi araerTxel daswrebia
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionebSi sajaro skolebis gaxsnas, sadac
igi warmoTqvamda gulSiCamwvdom, sada da amasTanave uaRresad Rrma
sityvebs swavla-aRzrdis saWiroebasa da mniSvnelobaze, qarTuli sa-
238
ganmanaTleblo sistemis gaumjobesebis mimarTulebebze; unda iTqvas,
rom misi yoveli gamosvla saetapo mniSvnelobisaa da mudmivad
axsenebs ganaTlebis mesveurT: maswavleblebs, mecnierebs, saganmanaT-
leblo saqmis organizatorebs, rom nebismieri safexuris skolis
umTavres faseulobasa da umTavres sazrunavs warmoadgenen adami-
anebi _ moswavleebi da maswavleblebi.
saqarTvelos patriarqi mudmivad adevnebs Tvalyurs ganaTlebis
sferoSi mimdinare cvlilebebs da yovel ase Tu ise mniSvnelovan
reformas aZlevs Sefasebas. igi araerTgzis usvams xazs mecnierebis
ganviTarebis mniSvnelobas da mecnieruli miRwevebis ara mxolod
Semotanas, aramed adgilze ganviTarebas, radgan saqarTvelos, mis mo-
saxleobas, mis ekonomikas, bunebriv resursebsa da istoriuldkul-
turul ganviTarebas sakuTriv qarTveli samecniero inteligencia
unda swavlobdes. aseTi kadri ki saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo
dawesebulebebma unda moamzadon. Cvens zedmetad dinamikur yofa-
Si reformaTa siWarbe SeimCneva. misi uwmindesoba sifrTxilisaken
mouwodebs “reformaTa moyvarulebs”, radgan iseTi myari sfero,
rogoric ganaTlebaa, ver guobs naCqarev sakadro politikas, gamoc-
dilebis mqone specialistTa ignorirebas, tradiciaTa gauTvalis-
wineblobas, adamianTa sulsa da gonebaze Zaladobas, samwuxaroa isic,
rom xSirad parlamentis mier miRebuli kanonebi Tu gadawyvetile-
bebi ar exmareba qarTuli ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebis saqmes,
am rigisaa: umaRlesi skolebidan gamocdili specialistebis daTxo-
vis SemTxvevebi, samecniero sabWoebis rolis damcroba, ministrebis,
universitetebis reqtorTa da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa di-
reqtorebis politikuri niSniT daniSvnis (da ara arCevis!) mcdari
praqtika. ai, ras brZanebs saqarTvelos patriarqi:
minda Sevexo Cveni sazogadoebisTvis aqtualur da mtkivneul
zogierT sakiTxsac da, pirvel rigSi, yuradRebas gavamaxvileb Ta-
namedrove adamianis sulier da inteleqtualur mxareze. ganaT-
lebis reformisas daSvebulma Secdomebma Sedegad mogvitana is,
rom mozardebi codnis SeZenis survils ukve naklebad amJRavneben.
239
samecniero moRvaweoba ki araprestiJulad miaCniaT, radgan xedaven
rom inteligencias saTanado dafaseba ara aqvs (isini xom saSualo
donezec ki ver inaxaven ojaxs).
es mdgomareoba unda gamoswordes. mecnierebis ganviTarebis ga-
reSe qveyanas ara aqvs momavali, radgan eris sulierebisa da ga-
naTlebis erT-erT umTavres Zalas swored isini warmoadgenen. Cven
Tavs vxriT da didad vafasebT im Tavdadebas, romelic komunisturi
reJimis periodSi gamoiCines Cvenma mecnierebma da aTeisturi yofis
miuxedavad, SeZles xalxisaTvis swori orierntirebis SenarCuneba.
gavixsenoT eqvTime TayaiSvili, ivane javaxiSvili, pavle ingoroyva,
dimitri uznaZe, Tedo saxokia, grigol lorTqifaniZe, Salva nucubiZe,
ivane beritaSvili, maqsime SaraZe, filimon qoriZe da sxva mravalni.
miuxedavad imisa, rom isini iyvnen Seviwroebulni, damcirebulni da
yoveldRe elodnen dapatimrebas . . . , maT ara marto daicves, aramed
gaamdidres Cveni erovnuli faseulobani, daicves rogorc Tavisi, ise
qveynis Rirseba.
reforma yovelTvis siaxleebis Semcveli da progresze mimar-
Tuli unda iyos. magram didi sifrTxiliT unda ganxorcieldes..
umaRlesi skolis menejmenti iseTi sferoa, romelsac yvelgan gan-
sakuTrebiT ekidebian, maT Soris iuneskos msoflio sistemaSi, CvenSi
saganmanaTleblo reformis dawyebidan Zalian male bevr profesors
daatovebines umaRlesi skola, aman Tavis mxriv ganapiroba profe-
siuli kadrebis daqsaqsva, ramac kidev ufro daazarala umaRlesi
ganaTlebis sistema. Seiqmna situacia rodesac pedagogTa xelfasebi
minimalur zRvars qvemoT iyo. gamarTuli sistemebi moiSala, ped-
agogebis mdgomareoba sruliad gausaZlisi gaxda. amitom metad
fasdaudebelia kaTolikos-patriarqis mxardaWera am mdgomareoba-
Si Cavardnili mecnierebisa da profesorebisadmi. man swored am
umZimes periodSi gamoxata Tavisi Tanadgoma. yovel xuTSabaTs ka-
Tolikos-patriarqi iwvevda cnobil mecnierebs, profesorebs da
swavla-aRzrdis sakiTxebze, mecnierebis problemebze, ganaTlebis
sistemis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebze, genderul sakiTxebze, zoga-
240
dad samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb
sasaubrod. imarTeboda msjeloba ra unda gakeTebuliyo sxvadasxva
dargis - kulturis, xelovnebis, sportis, arqiteqturis, esTetikis,
filosofiis da sxv. ganviTarebisaTvis. xSiri iyo patriarqis Sex-
vedrebi yvela mimarTulebis maswavleblebTan. aseTi Sexvedrebis Se-
degia, rom bevri mecnieri, pedagogi, studenti dauaxlovda eklesias.
eklesiaSi eZebda axalgazrdoba sulieri gamtkicebis safuZvels.
magaliTad sveticxovlis, sionis, qvaSueTis, samebis da TiTqmis yve-
la taZarSi mrevlis didi nawili axalgazrdobaa, rac Cveni kaTo-
likos-patriarqis gansakuTrebul miRwevad unda miviCnioT.
6. ganaTleba sulisa da gonebis mdgomareobaa, da ara
kompiuteruli manqanis eleqtronuli sawyobi. adamiani ga-
naTlebas iRebs ara mxolod informaciis saxiT, aramed
ganicdis, grZnobs, Seimecnebs mas. adamianisaTvis codna
simarTlisaken mimavali gzis manaTobeli lamparia. gzam ki
taZrisken unda wagviyvanos. rusTaveli ambobs:
`raTgan Tavia sicrue yovlisa ubedobisa,
me rad gavwiro moyvare, Zma umtkicesi Zmobisa?!
ara viqm, codna ras margebs filosofosTa brZnobisa!
miT viswavlebiT, mogveces SerTva zesT mwyobrTa wyobisa.“
madloba, rom am gzaze migviZRvebi, Cveno patriarqo!
241
sergo vardosaniZesergo vardosaniZe
ilia II-is moRvaweobis qronologiailia II-is moRvaweobis qronologia
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia, morwmune
mrevli gansakuTrebuli zeimiT aRniSnaven uwmidesisa da unetaresis,
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis TariRebs.
1978 wlis 24 dekembers sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi
saRmrTo-sadResaswaulo wirva aRasrula uwmidesma da unetaresma
ilia II-m. taZari saqarTvelos yvela kuTxidan mosuli xalxiT
gaivso, yvelas surda uwmidesisa da unetaresisaTvis mieloca pa-
triarqad aRsaydrebis dRe. saRamos xelovnebis muSakTa saxlSi
gaimarTa saiubileo sxdoma, romelsac Tavmjdomareobda cxum-afxaz-
eTis mTavarepiskoposi nikolozi (maxaraZe). inteligencias, morwmune
mrevls uCvenes dokumenturi filmi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-
likos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is aRsaydrebis
Sesaxeb.
1980 wlis 25 dekembers sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi saRm-
rTo-sadResaswaulo liturgiis Semdeg, romelic patriarqis aR-
saydrebis mesame wlisTavs mieZRvna, quTaTel-gaenaTelma mitro-
politma Siom (avaliSvili) mis uwmidesobas mimarTa: `ukve sami
weli gvaSorebs im RirsSesaniSnav 25 dekembris TariRs, rodesac
mcxeTis sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi RvTis gangebam ka-
Tolikos-patriarqis gvirgvini daadga Tavis rCeuls Tavze. me
vulocav saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiasa da qarTvel morw-
mune xalxs RvTisgan kurTxeul am axal dasawyiss Cveni sulieri
aRmavlobisas. cnobili ambavia, rom advili rodia sulieri cx-
ovrebis aRmavlobis gzaze dayeneba... RvTis maRali gangeba didi
xnis winaT gamzadebdaT Tqven mcxeTis sveticxovlis sapatri-
arqo taZarSi misasvlelad, im didi naTlis wiaRSi, rac RvTisgan
rCeulTa xvedria mxolod. xSirad gvekiTxebian xolme, rom pa-
242
triarqis gvirgvini oqrosia Tu ara? Hhoi, adamianuro simdablev
Tu cnobismoyvareobav!.. patriarqis gvirgvini arc oqrosia da
arc briliantebiT Semkuli raRac... patriarqis gvirgvini RvTis
madlia, naTliT mosili... patriarqis gvirgvins fasi ara aqvs, igi
ar iyideba da arc brZoliT moi poveba... patriarqis gvirgvini ar
iwoneba da arc izomeba, arc mxatvaria misTvis vinme, arc xelo-
vani gamomWedeli, TvaliT xiluli... mas Wedavs mxolod uxilavi
RmerTis marjvena... da mogilocavT Tqven, Tqveno uwmidesobav da
unetaresobav, rom Tqveni moRvaweobiT daimsaxureT aseTi xel-
Tuqmneli wmida gvirgvini.
yoveli dRe Cveni saeklesio Sromisa gvarwmunebs imaSi, rom qa-
rTvel morwmune xalxs RmerTTan siaxlove swyuria, uyvars qriste
da qristianoba... maSasadame, ara codvebiT daRupva, aramed maradi-
uloba da ukvdaveba swyuria Cvens suls... Cveni locva, Cveni madloba
da Tayvaniscema maRal RmerTs imisaTvis, rom Tqveni saxiT mogviv-
lina didi moZRvari maradiulobisa da ukvdavebis gzis maswavleb-
lad. xom cnobilia, rom morwmune eris siyvarulsa da pativiscemas
oqro-vercxliT ver Seisyidi, verc brZoliTa da ZaladobiT moipov-
eb... xalxma rom guli gagixsnas da Segiyvaros, amisaTvis RvTisgan
rCeuli unda iyo da madliT mosili. RmerTi unda uZRodes win
saqmeebs Sensas da misi tkbili siyvaruli gzas ginaTebdes... Cven gi-
locavT, Tqveno uwmidesobav, rom maRalma RmerTma moganiWaT es didi
jildo, da ase uangarod uyvarxarT guliT keTil da patiosnebiT
savse morwmune qarTvel xalxs. qristianTaTvis ra unda iyos da
sad unda iyos imaze didi bedniereba, risi mowmenic Cven gaxlavarT
am did taZarSi. angelozis dRes _ orSabaTobiT, saqarTvelos ange-
lozebi, Cveni Svilebi da SviliSvilebi, ikribebian xolme am taZarSi
da ieso qriste locavs Cvens Svilebs da camde asulni aRtacebiT
vuyurebT xolme, Tu rogor upyriaT Cvens momavlebs saxareba wmida
xelebze, da maRldeba zecisaken suli Cveni erisa... gilocavT Tqven,
Cveno mamav da maswavlebelo, mTel am sikeTes da vulocavT Cvens
mrevlsa da samSoblos Cvensas, rom Cveni momavali uwmides xelebs
243
upyriaT saxarebis saRaRadeblad. zogjer daCoqeba umZims xolme
axalgazrdasac, Cems moxuc guls ki uyvars igi da emsubuqeba... me
maCoqebs xolme RvTis siyvaruli... da viCoqeb axlac im guliTa da
im sixaruliT, rogoriTac aq dganan frTebgaSlili Cveni bavSvebi
orSabaTobiT _ angelozis dRes~.
1981 wlis 25 dekembers sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi sazeimod
aRiniSna uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaToli-
kos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis meoTxe wlisTavi. uwmidessa da uneta-
ress misasalmebeli sityviT mimarTa urbnelma mTavarepiskoposma
konstantinem (meliqiZe). misma uwmidesobam madloba gadauxada Se-
krebil sazogadoebas da ganacxada: `saqmeni, romelnic saqarTvelos
eklesiaSi keTdeba, uflis nebaa, amitom yvelam madloba unda Sevs-
wiroT ufals wyalobisaTvis.~
mTavarepiskoposma Tadeoz ioramaSvilma leqsiT miuloca mis
uwmidesobas aRsaydrebis dRe:
`macxovris kverTxis mpyrobeli xeliT,
SeWidebuli uxilav mterTan,
simxniT da RvawliT aRuricxvelTa
uZRvi cad mimarT cxovarTa SenTa.
ayvavebuli sanTlebi xatTan
sikeTis dReTa iyavn macneni,
siwmidis madliT da saswauliT
mSobelTa locviT aRmonakvesni
imedmosxmulan Seni dReebi,
siyvaruls yovels rom uwiladeb,
Seni fiqria, Seni mamuli
samaradisod naTliT brwyinavdes,
Tu saqarTvelo wmida jvaria,
natrob samoTxis karTan iyoso,
Seni sicocxle ers uxaria,
mravalJamier, kaTolikoso~.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi 25 dekem-
244
bris, patriarqis aRsaydrebis dRis, sazeimod aRniSvna tradiciad
iqca. Tu pirvel wlebSi mxolod samRvdeloeba da morwmune mrevli
ikribeboda, xolo mecnierebisa da inteligenciis warmomadgenle-
bi misaloci werilebiT kmayofildebodnen, XX saukunis 80-iani
wlebidan ukve isinic aqtiurad CaerTvnen sayovelTao sazeimo dRee-
bis aRniSvnaSi.
1987 wlis 25 dekembers uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis aTi wlisTavi gan-
sakuTrebul sazeimo viTarebaSi aRiniSna. sazogadoebis warmomadgen-
lebi sasuliero pirebTan erTad cdilobdnen, gamoexataT patriarq-
isadmi didi pativiscema da siyvaruli. TavianT gamosvlebSi isini
aRniSnavdnen uwmidesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is gansakuTrebul
damsaxurebas. patriarqma mravalmxriv saintereso sityviT Seajama
sazeimo sxdoma, madloba moaxsena yvelas keTili survilebisaTvis
da aRniSna: `ukve aTi weli gavida, rac patriarqis uRels vewevi,
romelic, marTalia, metad mZimea, magram, amave dros, didia Sewevnac
RvTisa. Tu adamiani mis nebas asrulebs, ufali mas misi wilxvedri
jvris zidvas uadvilebs. ar minda visaubro imaze, Tu am xnis man-
Zilze ra gavakeTe. rogorc Zveli romaelebi ambobdnen, gavakeTe is,
rac SevZeli, xolo ukeTesi sxvam gaakeTos. rac gakeTda, im saqmeTa
aRmsrulebeli ufali, yovladwmida samebaa, xolo Cven vmadlobT
RmerTs, rom mis nebas xandaxan mainc vasrulebdiT... minda madlo-
ba movaxseno Cvens mRvdelmTavrebs, romelnic bevrs akeTeben Cveni
eklesiisa da xalxisaTvis. xSirad morwmuneTaTvis SeumCneveli rCe-
ba is didi jafa, romelsac episkoposebi ewevian, magram es albaT
asec unda iyos, radgan mTavari isaa, RvTis saqme gakeTdes. minda
aseve davloco da madloba movaxseno Cvens moZRvrebs, bermonazvnebs,
diakvnebs, mgaloblebs im didi sulieri moRvaweobisaTvis, romelsac
isini mrevlisaTvis ewevian, madloba mogaxsenoT Tqven da mTel qa-
rTvel ers im didi siyvarulisaTvis, romelsac iCenT~.
kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis dRis aRniSvna martooden
sazeimo milocvebiTa da survilebiT ar mTavrdeboda. uwmidesi da
245
unetaresi Tavis Semajamebel sityvaSi piruTvnelad afasebda gan-
vlili wlebis saqmianobas da, amave dros, samomavlo gegmebzec sau-
brobda.
1992 wlis dekemberSi, rodesac misi uwmidesobisa da une-
taresobis aRsaydrebis 15 weli Sesrulda, saqarTveloSi rogorc
politikuri, aseve ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT urTulesi viTareba
iyo. samoqalaqo dapirispireba jer ar Camcxraliyo, daZabuloba
iyo afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi. miuxedavad am urTulesi
viTarebisa, sapatriarqos istoriul rezidenciaSi, sadac 1991 wl-
idan samuSaod gadavida misi uwmidesoba, Catarda sazeimo Sexvedra,
manamde ki sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi Sesrulda sazeimo wirva.
iyo milocvebi, keTili survilebi. patriarqma arc amjerad uRalata
tradicias da sagulisxmo sityviT mimarTa sazogadoebas:
`marTlac didia da istoriuli dRevandeli dRe, magram ara
imitom, rom dRes TxuTmeti weli Sesrulda Cemi intronizaciidan,
aramed didia igi im movlenebis mniSvnelobiT, romlebic am 15 wlis
manZilze moxda Cveni erisa da eklesiis cxovrebaSi. ganvlo wamebis
TxuTmetma welma. imdenad mZimea jvari saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-
triarqisa, rom XX saukuneSi mxolod uwmidesma da unetaresma
kalistratem gauZlo mis tarebas oci wlis manZilze. metad mZime
iyo Cemi aRsaydrebis dro, roca oficialurad TiTqmis Tavisufali
iyo eklesia, sinamdvileSi ki idevneboda; magram ufro mZime wlebic
hqonia saqarTvelos eklesias, ufro metad yofila igi Seviwroebu-
li. magaliTad, kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi xelaia daapatimres da
daxvretac ki miusajes. iseTi periodic hqonia saqarTvelos ekle-
sias, rodesac sakaTolikoso sabWos (sinodis) mTeli Semadgenloba
cixeSi ijda da mis SenobaSi, romelic dRes isev sapatriarqo rezi-
dencias warmoadgens, mxolod mdivani darCa _ es iyo mRdel-mona-
zoni efremi, romelic Semdeg saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi
gaxda... saqme iqamde mivida, rom saqarTveloSi arsebuli 1500 ekle-
siidan mxolod ormocdaaTiRa darCa moqmedi.
ai, aseT mZime dros momixda me RvTis gangebiT kaTolikos-patri-
246
arqad aRsaydreba... amgvar pirobebSi, roca moqmedebda araoficialu-
ri devizi, rac ufro bevri cudi iqneba eklesiaSi, miT ufro kargia,
didi mniSvneloba hqonda saqarTvelos mTavrobis damokidebulebas
kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevis sakiTxisadmi. saqmes isic arTuleb-
da, rom me, rogorc imdroindeli reJimisaTvis saSiS pirovnebas, ise
miyurebdnen, magram RvTis gangebas win veravin daudgeba da ai, 1977
wlis 25 dekembers am taZarSi Sedga Cemi aRsaydreba.
rogorc patriarqma, pirvel rigSi, Cems umTavres movaleobad
erisa da eklesiis gaerTianeba miviCnie. eklesia TiTqos mowyvetili
iyo erisgan, gansakuTrebiT mTavrobasa da inteligencias iyo daSo-
rebuli. am mdgomareobis gamosworebis mizniT Cven davukavSirdiT
saqarTvelos inteligenciis cnobil warmomadgenlebs yvela sfero-
Si. Cvenda sasixarulod, maTac didi interesi gamoiCines eklesiis
mimarT. urTierTSexvedrebma saocari Sedegi gamoiRo, ufali mivida
yvelasTan. TviT isinic ki, romelTac TavianTi Tavi aTeistebad mi-
aCndaT, aRiarebdnen, rom sapatriarqos rezidenciaSi stumrobisas
sulieri simSvide euflebodaT. am dros maTze gadmodioda madli,
romelic mizezi xdeboda WeSmariti rwmenis dabadebisa. me mimaCnia,
rom saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi mamamTavari da moZRvari
unda iyos ara mxolod im adamianebisa, romelnic yoveldRiurad mo-
dian eklesiaSi, aramed yoveli qarTvelisa, da, saerTod, Cveni qveynis
yoveli mkvidrisa. kaTolikos-patriarqma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
unda miaqcios imas, visac ar SeuZlia an sulieri Zala ar hyofnis
eklesiaSi mosasvlelad. aseT kacTan igi TviTon unda mivides, mxre-
biT itvirTos da ise miiyvanos ufalTan... da bolos, im saocrebasac
moveswari, rom saqarTvelo orasi wlis Semdeg isev damoukidebeli
saxelmwifo gaxda. Tumca siZnele isev mravalia. upirveles yovli-
sa, Cvens ers imis Segneba sWirdeba, rom WeSmariti damoukidebloba
yoveli Cvenganis Sinagani ganTavisuflebiT unda daiwyos... ase gavi-
da TxuTmeti weli, romelic, rogorc vTqvi, wamebis wlebi iyo, magram
isic unda vTqva, rom Cven mudam vgrZnobdiT siaxloves uflisas,
vgrZnobdiT, rom CvenTan iyo RmerTi; da, radganac CvenTan ars RmerTi,
247
veraviTari mteri, verc xiluli da verc uxilavi, veras daaklebs
verc saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasa da verc
saxelmwifos~.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis es sityva mravalmxriv sayuradReboa
istorikosebisaTvis. masSi naCvenebia is ZiriTadi mimarTulebani, Tu
rogor unda daiweros saqarTvelos eklesiis uaxlesi istoria.
1997 wlis dekemberSi qarTvelma xalxma gansakuTrebulad
aRniSna uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-
likos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis 20 wlisTavi. saqarTvelos sapatri-
arqoSi gaimarTa samecniero konferencia, sadac araerTi saintereso
moxseneba iqna wakiTxuli uwmidesisa da unetaresis cxovrebisa
da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb. am striqonebis avtorma Semdegi sityvebiT
mimarTa mis uwmidesobas: `Tqveno uwmidesobav da unetaresobav, oci
weli gvaSorebs im RirsSesaniSnav dRes, rac saqarTvelos sapatri-
arqo taxtze moxda Tqveni aRsaydreba. mogesalmebiT sionis sapa-
triarqo taZris 70-iani wlebis im mrevlis saxeliT, romelic Tqven
SeqmeniT saqarTvelos eklesiaSi da romelic manamde, samwuxarod,
ar arsebobda. 1977 wlis noemberSi, rodesac gardaicvala sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi daviT V,
mis mosaxsenebel panaSvidebs wesis mixedviT aRasrulebdnen qarT-
veli mRvdelmTavrebi. maTi umravlesoba xandazmuli iyo. rodesac
Tqven SemobrZandiT taZarSi, sazogadoebis is nawili, vinc ar gic-
nobdaT, verc warmoidgenda, rom qarTveli mRvdelmTavari SeiZleba
yofiliyo aseTi axalgazrda da gamorCeuli. bevrs ucxoeTidan Ca-
mobrZanebuli stumari egoneT.
Tu ra savalalo mdgomareoba iyo saqarTvelos eklesiaSi, kar-
gad Cans Semdegi monacemebiT: Teoriulad moqmedi 15 eparqiidan
realurad 4-5 eparqias hyavda sakuTari mRvdelmTavari da hqonda
moqmedi eklesiebi... eqvsi patriarqi airCia saqarTvelom sabWoTa
xelisuflebis mmarTvelobis periodSi, magram arc erTi patriarqis
kurTxevaze aseTi mravalricxovani sazogadoeba ar Sekrebila. yvela
grZnobda, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaSi axali era iwyebo-
248
da. amas albaT xelisuflebac grZnobda da maqsimalurad cdilobda
eklesiis izolaciasa da Seviwroebas. sabednierod, Tqveni brZnuli,
mwemsmTavruli moRvaweobis gamo amas ver axerxebda. pirveli nabiji,
romelic saqarTvelos eklesiam XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi gadadga,
iyo mrevlis Semokreba da Tqven, Tqveno uwmidesobav, iyaviT pir-
veli maswavlebeli sionis mrevlisa, im axalgazrdebisa, romlebic
movdiodiT eklesiaSi, magram mcireodeni eklesiuri ganaTlebac ar
gvqonda, ar vicodiT taZarSi dgomis wesi, locva, sasuliero ierarq-
isaTvis mimarTvis formebi. Tqven yvelafers gvaswavlidiT.
pirvel xanebSi gviWirda taZarSi didxans dgoma, magram Tqven
gvamxnevebdiT da gvixsnidiT wirva-locvaze daswrebis mniSvnelobas.
Tqveni gansakuTrebuli damsaxurebaa is, rom warmarTTa TavSesafrad
gadaqceuli saqarTvelos udidesi eklesia-monastrebi kvlav aRo-
rZinda; alaverdoba, TeleToba, sveticxovloba, lomisoba kvlav did
qristianul dResaswaulebad iqca... dRes Zalian advilia laparaki
aRorZinebuli, gamSvenierebuli, gaZlierebuli eparqiebis saqmianobis
Sesaxeb, magram bevrma ar icis, ra sirTuleebTan iyo dakavSirebuli
Teoriulad arsebuli eparqiebis praqtikulad amoqmedeba... saqarT-
velos eklesiis uaxlesi istoria ukve iwereba... Tqven sicocxle-
Sive ukvdavebis binadari gaxdiT... vRelav, saocrad vRelav da ar
vici, rogor gamovxato is gansakuTrebuli siTbo, siyvaruli da
pativiscema, rasac Tqven imsaxurebT qarTveli xalxisagan, qarTveli
mrevlisagan. saqarTveloSi saerTod ase ician: did adamians Zalian
gauSinaurdebian xolme. dro, distancia aris saWiro, rom es sid-
iade srulad aRiqva. gansxvavebuli azris motrfiale qarTveloba
erTsulovania Tqvens SefasebaSi. saqarTvelos warsuls, awmyosa da
momavalze fiqrSi gatarebuli uZilo Rameebis, umravlesobisaTvis
dafaruli didi Rvawlis dafasebaa eris usazRvro siyvaruli da
pativiscema Tqvendami.~
uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-
triarqis, ilia II-is aRsaydrebis 20 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili
daskvniTi sazeimo sxdoma gaimarTa operisa da baletis saxelmwifo
249
akademiur TeatrSi. uwmidessa da unetaress miesalmnen mecnierebis,
xelovnebis, SemoqmedebiTi inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi. saqarTve-
los prezidentma e. SevardnaZem gaixsena oci wlis wina movlenebi,
is daZabuli viTareba, romelic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samo-
ciqulo eklesiaSi Seiqmna axali patriarqis arCevis win. raoden
didi iyo inteligenciisa da axalgazrdobis survili, sapatriarqo
taxtze exilaT cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia. prezidentma
ganacxada, rom pirveli pirovneba saqarTvelos istoriaSi, vinc wmida
daviT aRmaSeneblis ordeniT dajildovdeboda, misi uwmidesoba da
unetaresoba ilia II iyo.
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m am sityvebiT mimarTa qarTvel
ers: `iseve rogorc pirovnebis gansacdeli, eris gansacdelic RvTis-
gan misi sulieri amaRlebisaTvis xdeba. axla swored am process
gavdivarT da darwmunebuli var, RvTis wyalobiT igi iqceva zecad
aRmyvanebel Cvens sulier kibed. is ki, vinc gaurbis RvTisgan daSve-
bul am gamocdas da iol gzas eZebs, uars ambobs didebis gvirgvinze.
me mivmarTav mTel Cvens ers, saqarTvelos mosaxleobas, gadadgiT
nabijebi erTmaneTisa da RvTisaken. ecadeT, yovel Tqvens moqmedebas
siyvaruli edos safuZvlad, raTa iyoT msaxuri uflisa da macx-
ovrisa Cvenisa ieso qristesi... qarTvelno, erTad _ RvTisaken~.
2003 wlis dekemberSi saqarTvelom aRniSna Tavisi didi su-
lieri winamZRolis aRsaydrebis 25 wlisTavi. `drois usasrulo
mdinarebaSi wuTic ki ar aris 25, Tundac 70 weli, magram amqveyni-
uri saTvalaviT igi cota araa. sruliad axalgazrda da mSvenieri,
RvTiuri naTliT STagonebuli aRzevdiT Tqven qarTuli eklesi-
is sapatriarqo taxtze... Tqveni patriarqobis pirveli dReebidanve
daiwyo da TiTqmis mTlianad mowesrigda saqarTvelos eklesiuri
cxovreba. uangaro Rvawli, romelsac Tqveni winamorbedi patri-
arqebi eweodnen maTTvis mZime moRvaweobis periodSi, Tqven ganamrav-
leT. qarTuli eklesiis namdvili gamoRviZebis misia Tqven gxvdaT
wilad... wlebis manZilze umRvdlebod darCenil eklesiebs TandaTan
daubrundaT an ubrundebaT TavianTi saxe... gelaTis, iyalTos, tbeTis
250
uZvelesi, odesRac eladis simaRleze mdgari, magram mtrisgan ia-
varqmnili akademiebis nafuZarze kvlav gaiRviZa sicocxlem... Tqveni
mudmivi sazrunavi iyo da aris, Cvens qveyanaSi, saerTod Cvens So-
ris, sufevdes WeSmariti qristianuli siyvaruli. Tqven eris yvela
Svils mouwodebT rwmenisa da sikeTisaken... RvTisgan gansakuTrebu-
li locva-kurTxeviT xeldasxmuli brZandebiT... iyaviT dRegrZeli.
didxans mSvidobianad gemarToT wmida saWe qarTuli eklesiisa~, _
am sityvebiT miuloca Jurnalma `jvari vazisa~ mis uwmidesobas
saiubileo TariRi.
2007 wels Sesrulda uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqa-
rTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, ilia II-is dabadebidan 75, berad
aRkvecidan 50, mRvdelmTavrad dadginebis 44 da patriarqad aRsay-
drebidan 30 weli. qarTveli xalxi gansakuTrebulad emzadeboda
misi uwmidesobis saiubileo TariRebis aRsaniSnavad.
2007 wlis 12 oqtombers daiwyo misi uwmidesobis aRsaydrebis
30 wlisTavisa da mcxeTis jvris monastris 1400 wlis saiubileo
dResaswaulis oficialuri nawili. saqarTveloSi stumrad Camo-
brZandnen: konstantinopolisa da axlisa romisa msoflio patri-
arqi yovladuwmidesi barTolomeos I; kviprosis eklesiis meTauri
mTavarepiskoposi qrizostomos II; Cexoslovakiis marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis meTauri mitropoliti qristefore; ukrainis egzarqosi
mitropoliti vladimeri; antioqiisa da sruliad aRmosavleTis
eklesiis episkoposi nifoni; ierusalimis eklesiis mTavarepiskopo-
si Teofile, ruseTis eklesiis orenburgis mitropoliti valentini,
serbeTis eklesiis mTavarepiskoposi amfiloqi, rumineTis eklesiis
mitropoliti iosebi, bulgareTis eklesiis mitropoliti dometiani,
eladis eklesiis mitropoliti ambrosi, albaneTis eklesiis mit-
ropoliti ignatiosi, poloneTis eklesiis mTavarepiskoposi simoni,
amerikis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis episkoposi irineosi. stumrebs
sazeimo miReba mouwyves sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi, sadac sityva
warmoTqva yovladuwmidesma barTolomeos I-ma: `didia Cveni sixaru-
li, vinaidan TqvenTan erTad vimyofebiT, unetareso da usayvarleso
251
Zmao, Tqvens stumarTmoyvare da istoriul qveyanaSi, saqarTvelo-
Si, romelTanac Cvens konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqos
mWidro, saukeTeso sulieri da, amasTanave, kanonikuri urTierToba
akavSirebs… Tavi moviyareT dRes aq, raTa erTad aRvniSnoT misi
uwmidesobis aRsaydrebidan 30 wlisTavi… Tqven iseT mdgomareo-
bas gauZeliT, rom CvenTvis, visac is uSualod ar gangvicdia, misi
aRqmac ki ar ZalgviZs, magram, amave dros, Tqven gadmogecaT samwyso,
mowyurebuli RvTisa da Rvaebriv siyvaruls, da, miuxedavad imisa,
rom xalxs metad uWirda, Tqven didi gamocdileba da Tavganwirvis
grZnoba SegZinaT… moxarulni varT, aRorZinebis suls rom vgrZnobT.
Ees aris suli nugeSinismcemeli uflisa Cvenisa, romelic msWvala-
vs mociqulTa ofliT gaJRenTil da mowameTa sisxliT ganbanil am
qveyanas. Eeklesiis es aRorZineba, misi winsvla ar moxdeboda, Tuki
1977 wels sapatriarqo taxtze esoden Rirseuli pirovneba ar
asuliyo, ar iqneboda winsvla, Tuki qveyanas ar eyoleboda esoden
zneobrivi, mSromeli, SorsmWvreteli, sibrZniTa da moTminebiT mmarT-
veli patriarqi, romelic Tavis xalxs meore sulieri dabadebiT
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wiaRSi da mis ZiebaSi daabrunebda~.
13 oqtombers Tbilisis wmida samebis sakaTedro taZarSi msof-
lio patriarqma barTolomeos I-ma marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa
mier warmogzavnil mRvdelmTavrebTan, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-
likos-patriarq ilia II-sa da saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis
wmida sinodis wevrebTan erTad sazeimo locva aRavlina. Uukrain-
is delegaciam waikiTxa ukrainis prezidentis, viqtor iuSCenkos,
misalmeba da gadawyvetileba, misi uwmidesobis, ilia II-is ukrainis
saxelmwifos umaRlesi jildoTi _ Tavad miroslav brZenis or-
deniT dajildoebis Sesaxeb.
14 oqtombers sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZari, misi Semogare-
ni xalxs ver itevda. taZarSi mobrZandnen: misi uwmidesoba sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepisko-
posi ilia II, msoflio patriarqi yovladuwmidesi barTolomeos
I, marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa delegaciebi, saqarTvelos eklesiis
252
wmida sinodis wevrebi, samRvdeloeba, qarTuli inteligenciis Tval-
saCino warmomadgenlebi. sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi misi
uwmidesobis aRsaydrebis 30 wlisTavis misalocad mobrZandnen saqa-
rTvelos prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili da parlamentis Tavmj-
domare nino burjanaZe. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II miesalma
stumrebs, madloba moaxsena CamobrZanebisaTvis da aRniSna: `es 30
weli, romelic saqarTvelom ganvlo, metad mniSvnelovania Cveni qvey-
nisaTvis. saqarTvelos eklesia mudam gzas uCvenebda qarTvel ers.
MmarTlmadidebeli sarwmunoeba mudam iyo da iqneba Cveni erisa da
Cveni sulierebis ganmamtkicebeli, SemaerTebeli, SemduRebeli. Cven
yvelafers viRonebT imisaTvis, rom es erToba ar iyos darRveuli.
am 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi bevri ram gakeTda, magram me ar SemiZlia
vTqva, rom es Cemi gakeTebulia. maxsendeba sityvebi wmidisa mefisa
daviT winaswarmetyvelisa: `ufali mefobs~. rodesac mefe daviTs
xalxi aqebda da ambobda, rom man gaamTliana israeli, mefem gaaCuma
isini da uTxra: ̀ ufali mefobs~. Uufali mefobs, ufali qmnis, ufali
amTlianebs, xolo boroti Zala anawevrebs~.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sin-
odis saxeliT mis uwmidesobas miesalma mitropoliti anania (ja-
fariZe), romelmac aRniSna: `mravali Cvengani mowmea imisa, rom misma
uwmidesobam am 30 wlis win Caibara ucxo qveynis mpyrobelobis
Sedegad damcrobili eklesia, materialurad univTo, naklovani da
qancmileuli, aTeist mmarTvelTa mZlavrobiT daSinebuli sul ram-
denime aTeuli samRvdelo piriT. Dda ai, gavida 30 weli da Cven
vxedavT, Tu ra warmatebiT Seegeba Cveni eklesia axal aTaswleuls…
Tqveni yoveldRiuri saqmiTa da sityviT iyaviT da xarT WeSmari-
ti moZRvari da maswavlebeli, wmida etaloni ara mxolod suli-
er-eklesiurisa, aramed _ yofiTisa, eTikisa Tu esTetikisa. Yyvela
Cvenganma yvelaferi Tqvengan Seiswavla, ufro sworad Tu vityviT,
unda Seiswavlos, radgan Tqven ukvdavi saRmrTo magaliTi brZan-
debiT wyalobisa da qvelis saqmisa, locvisa da marxvisa. rogorc
ityvian, vin aRricxavs Tqvens saxierebas zecaTa mamis garda? 30
253
wlis winandel qaotur sasuliero dasSi dainerga wesiereba da
kanoni da Tqveni moridebiT da krZalviT veravin ikadrebs uweso
svlas. patiosneba da Rirseba Tavis adgils imkvidrebs. monastrebi,
saepiskoposoebi da eklesiebi wesiTa da rigiT aRasruleben saRmr-
To msaxurebas~.
15 oqtombers zaqaria faliaSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis operi-
sa da baletis saxelmwifo akademiur TeatrSi gaimarTa uwmidesisa
da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, ilia
II-is aRsaydrebidan 30 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili saiubileo saRamo,
romelsac eswrebodnen: sazRvargareTis marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa
delegaciebi, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis mR-
vdelmTavrebi, samRvdeloeba, saqarTvelos mTavrobisa da parlamen-
tis wevrebi, qarTuli inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi. uwmidessa
da unetaress saiubileo TariRebi miuloces: msoflio patriarqma
barTolomeos I-ma, rumineTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis warmomad-
genelma mitropolitma iosebma, antioqiis eklesiis warmomadgen-
elma, episkoposma nifonma, romelmac antioqiis patriarqis saxeliT
uwmides da unetares ilia II-s Tval-margalitiT Semkuli oqros
panaRia miarTva. Aamerikis SeerTebuli Statebis elCma saqarTve-
loSi b-ma jon teftma waikiTxa amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
prezidentis, jorj buSis milocvis teqsti sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarq ilia II-isadmi: `Tqveno uwmidesobav, amerikeli
xalxis saxeliT, guliTadad gilocavT saqarTvelos marTlmadide-
beli eklesiis patriarqad aRsaydrebis 30 wlisTavs. Tqveni xe-
lmZRvanelobiT eklesia gaZlierda. vici, raoden gafasebT qarTveli
xalxi Tqven da yvela Tqvens miRwevas. gisurvebT saukeTeso janmr-
Telobas da Semdgom warmatebebs~.
msoflio patriarqma barTolomeos I-ma gakvirveba da aRtaceba
ver damala im saerTo erovnuli zeimis masStabebisa da misi uw-
midesobis mimarT qarTveli xalxis gansakuTrebuli damokidebulebis
gamo da aRniSna: ̀ vxarobT gamouTqmeli da keTili sixaruliT, rameTu
axlodan davinaxeT madli uflisa, gardamosuli msxmoiare venaxsa
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zeda saqarTvelos eklesiisa… vxarobT uTvalavi didebuli taZris
mSeneblobis xilviT, patiosani monastrebidan gamomavali asketuri
cxovrebis Zlieri majiscemiT, vxarobT yovelive imiT, rasac TvaliT
vxedavT, gonebiT vwvdebiT da yuriT vismenT. mTeli guliT gisur-
vebT, rom ufalma RmerTma samaradisod dagicvaT marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis wiaRSi, raTa ar dainTqaT amqveyniuri cxovrebis boboqari
da Semmusvreli zRvis talRebSi~.
uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-
triarqis, ilia II-is aRsaydrebidan 30 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnilma
saiubileo dReebma kidev ufro TvalsaCino gaxada misi Rvawli saqa-
rTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis, qarTveli eris
winaSe. QqarTvelma xalxma Tavisi sulieri winamZRolis mimarT
kidev erTxel gamoxata udidesi pativiscema da siyvaruli.