InstItute newsIIPA—Inspiring Excellence www.iipa.org.in

GreetingsThe IIPA fraternity extends greetings to all its readers for Mahashivratri.

Vol. LXII No. 02 February 2018

IIPA NEWSLETTER64 years of execellence in the service of the nation

Personality Development Programme for CPWD Officers

A one-month residential t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m m e o n ‘Personal i ty Development Training Programme’ (PDTP) – 2017-18 was organised for

Central Public Works Department (CPWD) Officers from February 12 to March 9, 2018. It was sponsored by the Central Public Works Department, Government of India. The objective of the training programme was to bring about personality development with regard to the different behavioural dimensions that have far-reaching significance in the direction of organisational effectiveness. The programme was coordinated by Dr. Nupur Tiwari, Dr. Surabhi Pandey and Dr. Anupam Sarkar.

Experience Sharing Programme for Ethiopian Delegates

An experience sharing programme on ‘Inter Governmental Relations including Fiscal Federalism’ was organised for an eleven-member Ethiopian Parliamentary Delegation during 24 February – 5 March 2018. It was sponsored by the Government of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Forum of Federations (FOF) of which India is a member and represented by the Inter State Council Secretariat, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Besides interactive sessions moderated by the IIPA faculty

and high level practitioners, the delegation had meetings with authorities in the Parliament, the 15th Finance Commission, the Inter State Council Secretariat, the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, East Delhi Municipal Corporation, Nehru Memorial Museum and Library and University of Delhi. In this study tour, the delegation covered spheres of fiscal federalism including intergovernmental fiscal transfers, revenue sharing, fiscal decentralisation, gender budgeting, role of civil services in federations, diversity management, institutional arrangements and data management. Dr V N Alok coordinated the programme.

2 IIPA NEWSLETTER/FEbRuARy 2018

“India is a geographical term. It is no more a united nation than the Equator. ” ― Winston Churchill

HRM course for Chief Engineers of MESA two-week training programme on Human

Resource Management course for Chief Engineers of MES was organised from February 19 to March 2, 2018. It was sponsored by Ministry of Defence, Government of India. The purpose of this programme was to provide the participants with a set of essential human relation and conflict management skills that would contribute to their interpersonal effectiveness at work. Dr. Neetu Jain and Dr. Amit Kumar Singh were programme coordinators.

MCT programme for IRS (C&CE) Phase IIIFour week Mid-Career Training

(MCT) programme of Indian Revenue Service (Customs & Central Excise), Phase III Batch III, 2017-18 was organised from February 5, 2018 to March 2, 2018. It was sponsored by the National Academy of Customs, Indirect

Taxes & Narcotics, Centre of Excellence, Government of India, New Delhi. Prof. Sushma Yadav, Dr. Anjali Dhengle and Dr. Surabhi Pandey were Programme Coordinators.

Programme on Public Administration for Officers of Directorate of Prosecution, UP

A one- week training programme covering a ‘Module on Administration’ for the Officers of Directorate of Prosecution, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh was organised from February 5 to 9, 2018. The Batch III programme was sponsored by Directorate of

Prosecution, Lucknow, UP with an aim to provide participants an overview of public administration, structure, functioning of Indian government, administration and understanding of contemporary governance issues. Prof. C. Sheela Reddy, Dr. Mamta Pathania and Dr. Amit Kumar Singh were programme coordinators.

MCT Programme for IRS (IT) Phase IFour week Mid-Career Training (MCT) programme

of Indian Revenue Service (Income Tax), Phase I, 2017-18 was organised from February 5 to March 2, 2018. It was sponsored by the Directorate of Human Resource Development, Central Board of Direct Taxes, Government of India. Prof. Ashok Vishandass, Dr. Neetu Jain and Dr. Anupam Sarkar were programme coordinators. Workshop on Social Conflicts Analysis and Resolution Approaches

A three- day training workshop on ‘Social Conflicts Analysis and Resolution Approaches’ was organised from February 5 to 7, 2018. It was sponsored by the Department of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Government of India. The workshop was conducted to enable the participants to evolve a comprehensive understanding of social conflicts and

IIPA NEWSLETTER/FEbRuARy 2018 3

Women Administrators

of Maharashtra

Women Administrators

of Maharashtra

Women Administrators

of Maharashtra

A Study of Women Administrators of the

All India Services of the Maharashtra State Cadre

A Study of Women Administrators of the

All India Services of the Maharashtra State Cadre

Dr. Marina Rita PintoDr. Marina Rita Pinto

Indian Institute of Public Administration

New Delhi 110002

March 2015March 2015

Women Administrators of Maharashtra

Women Administrators of Maharashtra

Dr. M

arin

a R

ita P

into

Dr. M

arin

a R

ita P

into

A DE-FACTO FOURTH TIER OF GOVERNMENT

K.K. PandeySachin Chowdhry

Indian Institute of Public AdministrationI.P. Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi-110002

Prof. K.K. Pandey

Prof. K.K. Pandey, an economist with expertise on municipal finance has over three decade of experience on urban finance and management. He is currently a Professor of Urban Management at IIPA with previous experience as Chief Economist HUDCO, Chief (Research & Training) HSMI of HUDCO and Senior faculty at National Institute of Urban Affairs. Prof. Pandey has provided expert advice to multilateral agencies, national government and provincial governments in India, financial institutions and city governments across the country. He has served, in this regard, as member of exert groups, drafting committees, working groups, national delegations, etc. He has several research reports, books, articles to his credit.

Dr. Sachin Chowdhry

Dr. Sachin Chowdhry is Associate Professor at IIPA with specialisation on urban governance and management, public policy analysis and basic services and infrastructure. He also worked with Twelfth Finance Commission and provided professional inputs to various committees/ working group on urban and public administration related issues. Dr. Chowdhry has around 15 years of professional experience. Professional activities of Dr. Chowdhry involves research and training on water supply and sanitation, Metropolitan planning, Evaluation of government of india’s flagship programmes - MNAREGA, Public Distribution System in selected states and Swarna Jayanti Shahri Rojgar Yojana.

How Inclusive are the Panchayats?

The Future Strategy

A Monograph

Nupur Tiwari

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, NEW DELHI

ABOUT THE AUTHORDr. Nupur Tiwari is currently a Faculty member, Rural Administration and Panchayati Raj at the Indian Institute of Public Administration, IIPA, New Delhi. She is also the Coordinator for Centre for Public Policy, Planning and Development, IIPA.

Earlier, she served as Senior Consultant to the former Union Minister of Panchayati Raj, Shri Mani Shankar Aiyar, providing inputs on Local government. She has also served as faculty member at Centre for Rural studies, LBS National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie, where she was involved in training of the Indian Administrative service officers in areas related to Rural Development.

She has worked on Five Major Projects as Project Director, funded by IDRC, Irish Aid, Union Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Ministry of Rural Development and UNDP. She has prepared several Reports for Government of India.

Her current research interests include Decentralization and Local governance (Panchayati Raj), Gender Issues in Informal workforce and Tribal policy.

She has thirty five research papers/Articles published in National and International peer reviewed journals. She has authored three books/ Monographs and has contributed Chapters in eleven volumes. Four books on these issues are forthcoming.

She was a member of Thematic Group on Panchayati Raj and Local-self government constituted by Ministry of DoNER.

She was involved in the Expert Committee for Leveraging Panchayati Raj, Constituted by Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India (November, 2012). She was recently nominated as the Domain Expert for the spot study for PM award for excellence in Public Administration (2014).

Eth

ics, Pro

bity an

d A

ccou

ntab

ility in P

ub

lic Services

Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi

Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi

ETHICS, PROBITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN PUBLIC SERVICES

Editors

M.P. Singh & S.N. Mishra

Foreword by

T. N. Chaturvedi

I�

VOLUME ONE

�

Reflections on Indian Administration

Volume-I

IIPA

Indian Institute of Public Administration

Reflections on Indian Administration

CONTRIBUTORSSardar Vallabhbhai Patel Pranab MukherjeeDr. Rajendra Prasad Narendra ModiGovind Ballabh Pant A.P.J. Abdul KalamDr S. Radhakrishnan Atal Bihari Vajpayee C. Rajagopalachari Rajiv Gandhi Dr. Zakir Hussain Manmohan SinghJagjivan Ram Asoka Mehta C.D. DeshmukhJohn Matthai V.T. Krishnamachari G.V. Mavalankar Karan SinghP.B.Gajendragadkar Swami Ranganathananda A.D. Gorwala M. Hamid AnsariB. Shiva Rao B.K. Nehru K.L. Shrimali D.R. Gadgil N. Raghavan Pillai T.N. Chaturvedi M. Channa Reddy P.S. AppuC.S. Venkatachar R.P. Khosla P.C. Alexander H.V. KamathN.V. Gadgil Tarlok Singh L.K. Jha B. Sivaraman S.G. Barve L.M. SinghviL.P. Singh Dharma ViraJ.S. Verma V. Jagannadham S. Lall J.N. Khosla B. Venkatappiah V. SubramaniamBalvantray Mehta S.R. Maheshwari

CONTRIBUTORSSardar Vallabhbhai Patel Pranab MukherjeeDr. Rajendra Prasad Narendra ModiGovind Ballabh Pant A.P.J. Abdul KalamDr S. Radhakrishnan Atal Bihari Vajpayee C. Rajagopalachari Rajiv Gandhi Dr. Zakir Hussain Manmohan SinghJagjivan Ram Asoka MehtaMorarji Desai C.D. DeshmukhJohn Matthai V.T. Krishnamachari G.V. Mavalankar Karan SinghP.B.Gajendragadkar Swami Ranganathananda A.D. Gorwala M. Hamid AnsariB. Shiva Rao B.K. Nehru K.L. Shrimali D.R. Gadgil N. Raghavan Pillai T.N. Chaturvedi M. Channa Reddy P.S. AppuC.S. Venkatachar R.P. Khosla P.C. Alexander H.V. KamathN.V. Gadgil Tarlok Singh L.K. Jha B. Sivaraman S.G. Barve L.M. SinghviL.P. Singh Dharma ViraJ.S. Verma V. Jagannadham S. Lall J.N. Khosla B. Venkatappiah V. SubramaniamBalvantray Mehta S.R. Maheshwari

editors

T. ChatterjeeR.K. Tiwari

Making Gurugram a Millennium City

K.K. Pandey Sachin Chowdhry

Sujit Kumar Pruseth

Centre for Urban StudiesIndian Institute of Public Administration

I.P. Estate, New Delhi-110002

G

old

en Jubilee Year 2017

50Centre for Urban Studies

About the Authors KK PandeyProfessor of Urban Management and Coordinator, CUS, IIPA, Ph.D. (Economics – Municipal Fiscal Instruments), Agra University (1996), Advance Course on Urban Management, Birmingham University, UK, 1994, PG Diploma in Urban Development Planning (Financing the Municipal Services), Institute of Housing Studies (IHS), Netherlands, 1985, International Course on Population Studies, University of Hawaii, USA, Online UN-ESCAP course on Municipal Finance April-May, 2000, UN courses on Local Government Management and Leadership. Has 37 years of experience on urban management/governance, finance and housing. Has been a member of seven UN Expert groups, high level missions and committees on urban issues in India and abroad. Also has several publications at his credit drawn from the experience on research, training and advisory services to a range of stakeholders.

Dr. Sachin ChowdhryDr. Sachin Chowdhry, faculty at IIPA since 2005, has been engaged in studies relating to public pol-icies and public service delivery both for national and international agencies. He has conducted stud-ies sponsored by various ministries of Government of India including Ministry of Urban Development, Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of tribal Af-fairs, Ministry of Steel, etc. and Water and Sanitation Programme, South Asia. He has also published books on urban issues.

Sujit Kumar Pruseth He is currently a faculty member at Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi dealing with urban affairs, public administration and policies. He was earlier a faculty member at National Law School of India University, Bangalore. He completed MA, M.Phil, PhD from JNU, New Delhi. He was trained by UN-HABITAT at Israel. He has served as Member, Kerala State Council of Science, Technology and Environment, Government of Kerala. A number of books are to his credit and he contributes regularly to national English dailies.

ADMINISTRATION

FIFTY YEARS OF

EditorT. N. CHATURVEDI

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONINDRAPRASTHA ESTATE, RING ROAD, NEW DELHI - 110002

RETROSPECT &

PROSPECTS

INDIAN

FIFTY

YE

AR

S OF IN

DIA

N A

DM

INIST

RAT

ION

RE

TR

OSPE

CT &

PRO

SPEC

TS

Indian Institute of Public AdministrationNew Delhi-110002

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONIndraprastha Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi -110002

Website:www.iipa.org.in

Volume. LVII-LXII (2011-2016)

CUMULATIVE INDEXTO

INDIAN JOURNAL OFPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

EditorTishyarakshit Chatterjee

Usha Mujoo Munshi

Associate EditorA.K. Nath

TowardsFiscal

DISCIPLINE

indian institute ofpublic administration

Edited by

U.C. Agarwal

The articles in this volume contain views on different aspects of financial management. Authors of the articles had credible knowledge of the financial situation of the country.

Edited byU

.C. A

garwal

Tow

ard

s F

iscal D

iscip

line

U.C. Agarwal IAS (Retd.) was formerly Central Vigilance Commissioner (CVC) and prior to that he held several important posts under the Odisha State Government (his cadre state) - and the central government. Posts held under the Central Government included posts of Secretary Ministry of Personnel and Administrative Reforms; Secretary Ministry of Economic Coordination; E s t a b l i s h m e n t O f f i c e r t o t h e Government of India and ex-officio Secretary Appointment Committee of the Union Cabinet.

`200 `100

`450

`200

`250

`450

`450`250

`1495

IIPA PUBLICATIONS

For purchase of books kindly contact:Asstt. Publication Officer, Indian Institute of Public Administration, Indraprastha Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi-110002Phone: 011-23468368, Email: chukkathmeghna@gmail.com. Please pay in favour of Director, Indian Institute of Public Administration, Indraprastha Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi-110002.

“The honor of a nation is its life. ” ― Alexander Hamilton

4 IIPA NEWSLETTER/FEbRuARy 2018

“Literature becomes the living memory of a nation.” ―. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

approaches. Prof Dolly Arora was the programme coordinator.

6th Training Programme on Financial Management in Scientific Organisations

A one-week training programme on Financial Management in Scientific Organisations was organised from February 19 to 23, 2018. It was sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi. The program was aimed at meeting the requirements of the professionals in different functional areas who would like to be well-versed with the introductory nuances of finance. Dr. Pawan K. Taneja was the programme coordinator. 7th Training Programme on Science, Technology and Emerging Trends

A one-week training programme entitled ‘Science, Technology and Emerging Trends in Governance’ for Scientists and Technologists since 2012 was organised from February 12 to 16, 2018. It was sponsored by Department of Science and Technology, Government

of India, New Delhi. Sessions were conducted with the aim of providing an in-depth analysis of the complex process of governance, involvement of various institutions and the civil society. Dr. Sujit Kumar Pruseth was the programme coordinator and Prof. Vinod K. Sharma was the Nodal Officer, DST Programmes.

Training Programme on Public Administration for the Probationers of IDES

A one-week training programme covering a ‘Module on Public Administration’ for Probationers of the Indian Defence Estates Service (IDES) was organised from February 19 to 23, 2018. It was sponsored by the National Institute of Defence Estates Management, Ministry of Defence, New Delhi. Sessions were conducted with an objective to give an overview of public administration, structure, functioning of Indian government and administration and understanding of contemporary governance issues. Prof. C. Sheela Reddy coordinated the programme.

ReseARCH & eVALuAtIOn wORKCOMPLETED RESEARCH PROJECTS JAN - FEB 2018

1. Review of Domestic Funding of Foreign Training (DFFT)

Prof. Dolly Arora DoPT, Training Division, GoI

2. Developing Case studies on Best practices by Municipal Corporation, Gurgram

Prof. K. K. PandeyDr. Sachin Chowdhry Dr Sujit Kumar Pruseth

Municipal Corporation, Gurgaon

3. Documentation in Best Practices on Swachh Bharat Mission in Ranchi Municipal Corporation

Prof. K. K. PandeyDr. Amit Kumar Singh

DoPT, GoI

4. Third Party Evaluation of Staff Welfare Schemes of DoPT, GoI

Dr. Nupur Tiwari Dr. Amit Kumar SinghDr. Anupam Sarkar

DoPT, GoI

5. Study of SC Hostel in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana (As a part of Dr. Ambedker Chair)

Prof. C. Sheela Reddy As a part of Dr. Ambedker Chair

6. Consultancy for reviewing Management and Structure of National Scheduled Castes Finance (Development Corporation (NSFDC)

Prof. Suresh MisraProf. Nand DhamejaDr.Mamta PathaniaDr. Gadadhar Mahapatra

Nat ional Scheduled Castes Finance Development Corporation (NSFDC)

7. Third Party evaluation of Plan Scheme of Department of Posts “Estates Management”

Dr. Kusum LataDr. Saket BihariDr. Anupam SarkarDr. Anjali Dhengle

Department of Posts

IIPA NEWSLETTER/FEbRuARy 2018 5

news FROM BRAnCHes

“We do not covet anything from any nation except their respect”. ―Winston Churchill

8. Third Party evaluation for Ongoing Schemes Beyond 12th Plan of Department of Posts Under “Human Resource Management”

Dr. Anjali DhengleDr. Anupam SarkarDr. Kusum LataDr. Saket Bihari

Department of Posts

9. Evaluation of Research Proposals of Bureau of Police Research & Development (Research & Correctional Administrative Devision)

Dr. Kusum LataDr. Saket BihariDr. Anupam SarkarDr. Anjali Dhengle

Ministry of Development for North Eastern Region

10. Study of Recommendations of various State Finance Commissions and their Implementation Status across the Country

Dr. V.N. Alok Ministry of Panchayati Raj, GoI

ON-GOING RESEARCH PROJECTS FROM JAN-FEB 2018

S. No. Project Project Coordinator(s) Agency

1. Extend Evaluation of Autonomous Bodies Dr. Nupur Tiwari DoPT2. Rapid Assessment of IEC Strategy of

Ministry of Health and family welfare Dr. Pawan Taneja Ministry of Health & family welfare, GoI

3. Evaluation Study of Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Youth Development

Prof. K.K. PandeyDr. Sachin Chowdhry

Ministry of Youth Affairs

4. Third par ty evaluat ion of Reforms Implemented under AMRUT

Prof. K. K. PandeyDr. Kusum LataDr. Sachin Chowdhry Dr Sujit Kumar PrusethDr. Amit Singh

Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, GoI.

5. Evaluation of Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY)

Dr. Girish Kumar,Dr. Pawan Kumar Taneja

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GoI

6. “The State of Governance in Jammu and Kashmir: A Study of Institutions, Processes and People’s Participation”

Prof. Sushma YadavDr. Usha M MunshiDr. Manan Dwivedi

Indian Council of Social Science Research

7. Social Impact Assessment (SIA) Prior to Land Acquisition proceedings for the Extension of Metro Corridor of Airport Express Line from Dwarka Sector 21

Prof. K.K. Pandey, Prof. Geetanjali Natraj Dr. Amit Kumar Singh

Exhibition-cum-Convention Centre (ECC) at Dwarka’s Sector 25

Karnataka Regional Branch The branch in collaboration with the Department

of Economics of Jyoti Nivas College (Autonomous) conducted a national seminar on Emerging Trends in Public Policy and Implications for Development on January 23, 2018. The seminar was organised with an aim to sensitize students about the significance of Public Policy in transforming India. The valedictory session was chaired by Shri S Ramanathan, IAS (Retd.), Chairman of the branch.

Kerala Regional Branch The branch organised a one-day national seminar

on the Union Budget 2018-19: A Political Document for 2019 at the Christ College, Irinjalakuda, Thrissur. Prof. K. P. Mani, former Professor and Head of the Dept. of Economics, University of Calicut and currently the Director of Dr. John Mathai Centre, Thrissur, inaugurated the Seminar. Dr. Mathew Paul Ukken, The Principal of the College, presided over the meeting. Secretary of the branch welcomed the audience and

6 IIPA NEWSLETTER/FEbRuARy 2018

FACuLtY news

“Our nation must come together to unite”. ― George W. Bush

Dr. P.Sukumaran Nair proposed the vote of thanks.

Rajasthan Regional Branch i) The branch in collaboration with the Centre for

Administrative Change and the Management Development Academy organised lectures on Swami Vivekanand: The Man and His Mission on January 12, 2018 and on January 13, 2018 an open house discussion on Lal Bahadur Shastri: His Charisma and Contribution at Prakrat Bharti Academy. The Chairman of the branch, Prof. Ramesh K Arora was the key speaker of the programme.

ii) The branch in collaboration with Rajasthan State Productivity Council organised a lecture meeting on Industry 4.0, Leapfrog Opportunity for India on February 17, 2018 at Prakrat Bharti Academy, Jaipur. Prof. CS Barla, former Professor and Head, Department of Economics, University of Rajasthan delivered the key speech. Prof Satish K Batra, Vice-Chairman chaired the progamme and the opening and closing remarks were presented by Prof Ramesh K Arora, Chairman of the branch.

Tirupattur Local Branch i. The branch organised a seminar on Seeds,

Fertilizer and Pesticides Act on January 7, 2018 at Pathima Mat. Hr. Sec. School, Krishnagiri. The Chairman of the branch, Agri. C. Veerabadran presided over the function. Thiru V Kuppusamy, Joint Director of Agriculture (Retd.) narrated the impact of Seed Act, 1983, Fertilizer Central Order

1985 and explained about the Insecticides Act 1968.

ii. The branch organised a seminar on Goods and Services Tax on January 10, 2018 at Sacred Heart College, Autonomous Tirupattur, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu. Rtn. KM Subramanian, Secretary of the branch welcomed the guest and Agri. C Veerabadran, Chairman of the branch gave the Presidential address.

Howrah Local Branch The branch organised a seminar on 150th Birth

Anniversary of sister Nivedita on February 24, 2018. Rtn D.K.Das, Chairman of the branch presided over the seminar and also presented the vote of thanks. Earlier, Prof Asish Ray, Secretary of the branch gave the introductory speech.

Vadodra Local Branch The branch organised a seminar on Fire, Disaster

Management including Rescue Management on January 22, 2018. Dr Jatin V Modi, Chairman of the branch addressed the participants and Mayor Sunil Solanki inaugurated the seminar. Officials from Vadodra Municipal Corporation and members from fire and safety department and students from Maharaja Saiyajirao University of Baroda attended the seminar. There was also a live demonstration about the fire disaster incidents and how to escape from such calamities.

• Dr VN Alok presented the closing remarks and summarised the presentations of Ashok Chawla, Ashok Gulati and Indira Rajaraman during the session on ‘Economy of India in 2030 on December 20, 2017 at the Constitution Club, New Delhi under 50th Skoch Summit.

• He delivered inaugural address on ‘Public Finance Management in Indian Federation’ in a one-week Winter School on Public Finance and Public Policy for the students of The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow organised by Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development on November 28, 2017 at CRRID, Chandigarh.

• Prof M.P. Singh, Editor of Indian Journal of Public

Administration participated in a panel discussion at India International Centre, New Delhi, on the new arrival of the book, K.B. Saxena, ed. Swaraj and the Reluctant State, Foreword by Muchkund Dubey, Delhi: Aakar Books, 2018 for Council for Social Development, Lodhi Estate, New Delhi on February 22, 2018.

• Dr Charru Malhotra conducted the Smart Republic 2018 international conference as a knowledge partner on Feb 15-16, 2018 at Hotel Shangri-La Eros, New Delhi.

• Dr Charru Malhotra was invited on National Conference Policy Framework for Data Protection on January 22 and 23, 2018 at New Delhi.

IIPA NEWSLETTER/FEbRuARy 2018 7

“As government expands, liberty contracts.” ― Ronald Reagan

The Executive Council in its meeting held on February 16, 2018 approved the topics/themes of the following as under:a) Annual Essay Prize Competition 2018

i) Right to Public Services provided by the State Government – Comparative Study of State Laws and need for a Parliamentary Enactment

ii) NPA in Banks Affecting the Development in Indiaiii) Urban Planning in India: Developing an Integrated Approach

b) Members’ Annual Conference 2018i) Role of Digital Technology in Governance

c) Special Issue of IJPA (July-September, 2018)i) Independent Regulatory Authorities in India: A Comparative Perspective

d) Special Issue of Lok Prashashan (Hindi Journal) (July-Dec, 2018)Ik;kZoj.k] fodkl vkSj fu;kedh; laLFkkvksa dh Hkwfedk

Solicitation of Articles for IJPA Like every year, the Institute is bringing out a Special Issue (July-September 2018) of the Indian Journal

of Public Administration on “Independent Regulatory Authorities in India: A Comparative Perspective”. Articles on the topic are solicited from willing contributors for this year’s Special Issue in 3000 to 5000 words along with an abstract of around 150 to 200 words latest by March 31, 2018.

Theme Note for IJPA Special Issue 2018

Independent Regulatory Authorities in India: A Comparative PerspectiveWhat is the cause-effect puzzles in independent regularity authorities (IRAs)? In other words, why

IRAs? First, the causal nexus. The purpose could be the desire to liberalise, constitutionalise, and federalise the system of majoritarian democracy as was the case in the US Constitution (1787) and The Federalist (1787) authored by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, among the makers of the American Constitution. Moreover, the move towards IRAs may also be pushed by governmental conflict of interest, overload, and dysfunctionality as it happened in the wake of the crisis of welfare states and social democratic regimes as well as those with considerable social policy expenditures in various parts of the world in the late 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s. It all gathered momentum with the disintegration of the Soviet Union and collapse of communism, the end of the Cold War, and capitalist globalisation that followed. The IRAs became attractive in the context of the transition from government to governance and in the quest for mutual autonomies of the government, the civil society, and the market, their accountable and transparent functioning in network governance, and their non-partisan administration.

We begin with the following two propositions regarding the Independent IRAs: (i) although they are common to both the presidential and presidential-federal governments and parliamentary and parliamentary-federal governments, they are more in tune with the latter; and (ii) their incidence has tended to multiply in all types of political systems since the onset of privatisation and globalisation during the 1980s and 1990s.

Patterned after the British parliamentary and Commonwealth parliamentary-federal models in Canada and Australia, India was not particularly enamoured of the IRAs. India thus largely relied on parliamentary control of the executive through parliamentary debates, questions, committees, confidence vote in the government of the day to ensure accountability, transparency, and efficiency of governmental performance.

Yet, some mechanisms of regulatory exercise were put in place in the Constitution and the laws of

8 IIPA NEWSLETTER/FEbRuARy 2018

“Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.” ― Jean-Jacques Rousseau

the land. The examples are the Election Commission of India under Article 324 of the Constitution for legislative elections at Union and State levels and the presidential and vice-presidential elections, Union and State Public Service Commissions for civil service recruitments under Articles 323 to 315, the Auditor and Comptroller General of India for accounts of both orders of governments under Articles 148 to 151, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) under RBI Act, 1934, with subsequent amendments. Beyond these instrumentalities, there is of course the final recourse to the judiciary and the popular electoral mandate and its renewal quinquennially or mid-term.

The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC-II) Report (2008) gives a list of six major professional self-regulating authorities operating in India, each formed under respective Acts of Parliament (year within brackets): Bar Council of India (1961), Medical Council of India (1956) presently being reformed as Medical Commission of India, Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (1949), Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India (1959), Institute of Company Secretaries of India (1980), and Council of Architecture (1972) (Government of India 2008:113). The ARC-II has recommended making their council as well as committee more inclusive by supplementing the professional members by lay members from the civil society at large to be nominated by the government in consultation with the concerned regulatory agency.

Another wave of IRAs came with a rush in the early 1990s. In 1991, there came the paradigm shift in the economic policy regime towards neoliberalism (bureaucratic deregulation, privatisation, and business liberalism nationally and globally) under the P.V. Narasimha Rao Congress minority government. The effects of these economic reforms are evident in areas such as industrial licensing, financial sector reforms in banking, stock market, telecommunication, electricity, companies affairs, security and exchange, insurance, coal, petroleum, mass media, etc. In all these sectors new IRAs have mushroomed under parliamentary statutes with varying degrees of autonomy. Various sectors of national economy, which were earlier managed under direct ministerial and bureaucratic control, have now been placed under IRAs, reporting to the Parliament annually (Singh 2003:215-222). Among the new financial regulatory bodies in India, besides the RBI whose origins go back to British India, there are Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority ( PFRDA), Forward Markets Commission (FMC), Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA), Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB), Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC), Project Exports Promotion Council of India, Foreign Direct Investment Promotion Board (FDIPB), etc. In various sectors of national economy such regulatory authorities include Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC), Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), etc.

An examination of various Acts under which the IRAs are set up would show that the most autonomous among them is the CERC. The Electricity Regulatory Commissions Act, 1998, set up the CERC as a corporate body consisting of a chairperson and three other members appointed by the Union government on the recommendation of an independent selection committee. The incumbents of CERC are required to be persons with knowledge and experience and capability in the field of engineering, law, economics, commerce, finance or management. The chairperson is to be appointed from amongst persons who are or have been judges of the Supreme Court or Chief Justices of a High Court. All appointments to the commission are to be made only after consultation with the Chief Justice of India. The Act takes care to ensure the independence and autonomy of the chairman and members of the commission by guarantying them security of service and emoluments. The Act also enables the state governments to set up State Electricity Regulatory Commissions to ensure their integrity and autonomy to depoliticize the pricing and distribution of power. Moreover, in domain of monetary policy the Reserve Bank of India has also enjoyed

IIPA NEWSLETTER/FEbRuARy 2018 9

“Writing laws is easy, but governing is difficult.” ― Leo Tolstoy

exceptional autonomy, though a recent amendment to the RBI Act has made the position of the Governor from being the arbiter to the first among the equals in the expanded Monetary Policy Committee chaired by him and consisting of the RBI Governor, Deputy Governor, and Executive Director plus three Independent directors appointed by the Union government based on nominations by a committee comprising the Cabinet secretary, RBI Governor, Economic Affairs Secretary, and three experts from the field of economics/banking/monetary policy. Other IRAs consist of experts in the concerned technical field or administration but lack the mandatory judicialisation via a chair with high judicial background.

The United States presidential-federal system, featuring (i) separation of powers among the Congress, Presidency, and the Supreme Court, (ii) federal division of powers between the national and state governments, (iii) a powerful federal second chamber in the Senate; and (iv) the consequential multiplied effects of institutional checks and balances, is the locus Classicus of the IRAs in comparative government and politics. Four distinct phases of the evolution of IRAs in the USA are often delineated. First, there is the late 19th/early 20th century creation of the first independent regulatory commission, the Inter-State Commerce Commission. Second, the New Deal era witnessed increasing number of federal agencies, many of them regulatory in nature and geared towards economic recovery from the Great Economic Depression; several have continued to examine the role of competition in various industries. Third, there was the rise of social regulatory policy in the 1960s and 1970s relating to health, safety or equal opportunity. Fourth, there came the era of de-regulation and various attempts at regulatory reforms that began during the Ronald Regan presidency during the 1980s and after (Furlong 2008: 1694-1697).

In the United Kingdom, as elsewhere, the trend of public service reforms during the late 1970s , 1980s, and 1990s known collectively as ‘new’ public management, has also brought about the phenomenon of what the political scientists have called the ‘regulatory state’, meaning a state with an operating philosophy of acting ‘at a distance’ on policy domains. Obsessed with the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty, the state in the UK seeks to act via instruments such as accounting and audit. Mischael Power (1997) calls the British version of this phenomenon ‘the audit society’ mentality.

ReferencesFurlong, Scott, ‘Regulatory Policy: Role and Importance’, Encyclopedia of Public Administration and

Public Policy, ed. Evan M.Berman, New York: Taylor& Francis, 2008: 1694-1697.Government of India. Second Administrative Commission, Ninth Report: Social Capital: A Shared

destiny, Chapter 5; ‘Self-Regulatory Authorities, pp. 113-130. New Delhi, August 2008. (Chair M. Veerappa Moily).

Hamilton, Alexander, James Madison, and John Jay. The Federalist, New York: Basil Blackwell, 1987, 2nd edition. First published 1787.

Power, Michael. The Audit Society: Rituals of Verifications, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1997.Singh, M.P. ‘Economic Liberalization and Federalization in India: Mutually Reinforcing. Responses

to Global Integration,’ in Lazar, Harvey, Hamish Telford, and Ronald Watts, eds. The Impact of Global and Regional Integration on Federal Systems: A Comparative Analysis, Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003: 191-238.

CALL FOR PAPERS: On selected aspects of IRAs due by March 31, 2018 in 3000 to 5000 words with an Abstract in 150 to 200 words and four-five Keywords. Email to Editor, ijpa2012@gmail.com

Mahendra Prasad Singh Editor, IJPA (IIPA/SAGE)

10 IIPA NEWSLETTER/FEbRuARy 2018

“It is much more important to kill bad bills than to pass good ones.” ― Calvin Coolidge

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IIPA NEWSLETTER/FEbRuARy 2018 11

“Nothing lasts longer than a temporary government program.” ― Ronald Reagan

Shri Dipankar Guha has retired from the post of APO, IIPA on June 4, 2017. Thereby, all regional / local branches are requested to send their news articles/items to be published in the forthcoming newsletter on the official email id: ijpa2012@gmail.com of the publication section.

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Attn. IJPA Subscribers!It is for information to all concerned that M/s. SAGE Publications has been printing the Indian Journal

of Public administration (IJPA) since the January-March 2017 issue. Those interested to subscribe IJPA are advised to contact: Ms. Komal Mathur, email ID: komal.mathur@sagepub.in (Tel; 011-40539222 Extn. 405), SAGE Publications for subscription/ circulation related queries.

Editor : Dr. TishyarakshiT ChaTTerjee

Interesting facts:• The original Constitution of India was handwritten by Prem Behari

Narain Raizada in a flowing italic style with beautiful calligraphy. Each page was beautified and decorated by artists from Shantiniketan.

• It was only in the year 1955 that the first R-Day parade was held at Rajpath, which was earlier known as Kingsway. Between 1950 and 1954 the venues of the Republic Day parade were Irwin Stadium (now National Stadium), Kingsway, Red Fort and Ramlila grounds.

• The first woman to become the deputy governor of RBI is K. J. Udeshi. She was appointed in 2003.

• India has more than 20 official languages and Hindi is one of them but it is not our National language.

• India gets its name from the River Indus which was the home of the Indus Valley Civilization, and is considered to be one of the first civilizations. On the other hand, our country’s name in Sanskrit is Bhartiya Ganarjya.

Designed by: New United Process, New Delhi-110028, 9811426024

Corrigendum

During the 308th Executive Council meeting held in February, 2018, “Independent Regulatory Authorities in India: A Comparative Perspective” has been approved as the title of the theme of the special issue of Indian Journal of Public Administration (July-Sept, 2018) and not “Independent Regulatory Authorities in Indian and/or Comparative Perspectives” as conveyed earlier.