if it fills the screen and you are in the hsc library, try the page up & page down arrows on the...

4006

4004

SBLC

4023

HISTO LAB

GROSSLAB

GROSSLAB

ELEVATOR

STAIRSWCs

4th Floor

CARDSWIPE

4007

4080

Ber

Walker

Klinkha-

Building’s Front

If it fills the screen AND you are in the HSC library, try the Page Up & Page Down arrows on the keyboard

If you get no response, click out of the ‘Can’t do’ message, if it appears

Put the cursor on a blank region of the image & RIGHT-click the mouse

If they work, you’re off

Online HUMAN PARAMEDICAL ANATOMY

This image may be filling the screen, or occupying only the bottom right

From the menu that appears, select Full Screen

Navigation 1

Now try the Page Up & Page Down keys, or Up & Down arrows, on the keyboard

Very early warning Do not PRINT, unless you select Black on White. You’ll be using lots of toner, otherwise

‘Slide Show’ fills the screen, with apparently no escape. Once the image fills your screen, moving the mouse around should bring up a faint triangular icon in the bottom left

Clicking on this icon will bring up a menu with ‘End slide show’ (allowing you to leave the full screen),

Online HUMAN ANATOMY Navigation 2

EXITING When you have clicked for ‘End of Slide Show’, you’ll return to the browser screen, with a slide from this program visible, but smaller

CAUTION - Now you should click on the browser’s ‘Back’ icon to return to the Paramedical Anatomy page, with the choice of topics

If you click an X top-right, you will leave the Web site & the browser!

To have it fill the screen, go to the row of icons on the bottom left, & choose the wine-glass one next to the end (it should activate with ‘Slide Show’) DO NOT CLICK ON IT YET

‘Slide Show’ fills the screen, with apparently no escape. Once the image fills your screen, moving the mouse around should bring up a faint triangular icon in the bottom left

Clicking on this icon will bring up a menu with ‘End slide show’ (allowing you to leave the full screen),

Now click on ‘Slide Show’

If the image occupies the lower right of your screen - please read all of this before clicking anything

‘Next’ & ‘Previous’ could be used, but Page UP & Down, or the arrows, on your keyboard will move you faster though the slides


To progress through Powerpoints such as this, click on the single down arrow on the vertical bar to the right

To go back, hit ‘Page Up’, or click on the up arrow

On the vertical bar is a gray square: putting the cursor on this square & holding the left click on will allow you to mouse-drag the program long distances forward or back through the slides. Releasing the left click gives you a slide near where you are aiming for, if you do not know its number, (which is displayed as you scan)

or hit ‘Page Down’ on the keyboard

On these slides there is no icon on the screen image to click on to move forward or back, or to escape


Thereafter, your access and what you see on the screen are based more obviously on your own computer’s version of Powerpoint, when you retrieve from your own copy

It will save in later ppt versions, if this is more convenient for you

The Web version is in Powerpoint of 1995, so that as many people as possible can have access to it

Once you have the file visible on your own computer, you can save it with ‘Save as’ on the hard drive, on a floppy (for most files), or on Zip disc


Powerpoints such as this have a search function

Click on ‘Edit’ from the menu, above left

About two-thirds the way down the Edit menu click on ‘Find’

You’ll then get a window to type in the search term, and click on ‘Find next’

Having found or not found your term, you’ll have one or two windows to click out of


This is because the program is for anyone, however inexperienced

Some of the directions you may find elementary

Caution - The slides can be printed out, but you have to do this in a special way to get black lines on a white background, otherwise you’ll use up a ton of toner.

The font is usually the present one - Arial. It looks ugly on the screen, but is the choice because these slides are also used for projection.

Also related to slide projection is the choice of a black background. Projectors vary a lot in their intensity, and can ‘bleach out’ other backgrounds and have other strange effects on legibility.

Sometimes, for contrast, this Times Roman will appear

HUMAN PARAMEDICAL ANATOMY I

Because the background is black, in order to get black print on a white background some steps are needed

PRINTING these ppt slides

Format Custom Background Other color White of the white-to-black scale OK Apply to all

File Print Black & white (not ‘Pure black & white’) Frame slides 6 slide/page from ‘Print what?’ menu OK

File Close Not to save changes File Exit

6-to-a-page hand-out can be made more legible by copying at 120% Move page size off Auto onto standard Put original in corner, maybe over-riding framing metal

Along with the computer, there are one or two books to learn from: Marieb’s Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology 7th ed (Addison, Wesley & Longman), and Guy’s Learning Human Anatomy 2nd ed (Appleton & Lange)

The programs are set up so that you can click forward and back through the teaching diagrams and text. We will be interested in where you have problems with the flow of ideas.

Thanks for your interest in Anatomy. Here is an overview of how you may use this material.

The programs on the computer have various formats, so that we can get an idea of which are best suited to your learning anatomy. There may be questions later on your experiences that we would appreciate your answering.

See next an example of referencing

HUMAN PARAMEDICAL ANATOMY II

ANATOMY & SYSTEMS: Book Refs

getting their energy and distributing it

getting rid of waste products

moving around and manipulating things in their surroundings

detecting threats and change and adapting to them

keeping the body working at about the same level and temperature

keeping nasties outside the body and dealing with ones that have entered

and reproducing themselves.

Alimentary/digestive Vascular Respiratory

Urinary Respiratory Digestive

Musculo-skeletal

Nervous/Sensory

Nervous & Endocrine

Skin Blood & Lymphoid

Reproductive

The systems and their organs are shown well on pp. 5,6 of Marieb, and Figs 1-5 through 1-12 (pp. 8-10) of Guy

The computer slides have the advantage over textbook figures that we can present information slowly step-by-step and do not have to overload Figures. Also, we can return to figures for reorientation.

One approach is to try the computer material first to get a framework of essentials, and then read the book for another view and more detail. And we give specific book references.

Another trick is to have a pad on each side of the keyboard and move the mouse for left-handed use (can be done), leaving the right free to make notes and sketches (‘lefties’ please bear with us - we don’t know any better)

However, be flexible with your computer learning. Some programs can be clicked through with no keyboard use, so you might move the keyboard and have the textbook & page markers in its place for reference.

HUMAN PARAMEDICAL ANATOMY III

It is already time to give you an idea of the sort of images in the programs of the first Module

Some Figs use cartoon figures with anatomical detail added. Other are an attempt to show what the structure actually looks like.

The problem here is that most structures have special shapes, so it matters what angle or side one views from

The different views & the names that arise from them are a topic (Terms) of the first module after this Orientation

Some examples of the slides follow

HUMAN PARAMEDICAL ANATOMY IV

MEDIAL & LATERAL

(Outwards)Laterally

Thumb points

Little finger lies

Medially (Towards the midline)

MEDIAN (Midline)

TRANSVERSE

Transverse process of vertebra

BODY

Transverse colon

Transverse structures run cross-wise in the body

This could have been named the lateral process, but was not

Two LEFT chambers of the heart

ANTERIOR/FRONT VIEW OF THE HEART

The differences between left and right or laterality are interesting

Right VENTRICLE

Left ATRIUM

Left

VENTRICLE

SVCPT

Right ATRIUM

AOR

BODY WALL & CAVITIES: Casing & Contents

‘SOMATIC’ is applied to the limbs and body wall, ‘VISCERAL’ to the viscera

The body wall is musculo-skeletal and covered with skin

The cavities house soft organs: some tubular or bag-like with a space(s) inside (the lumen), others are more solid, e.g., the spleen, kidneys, and liver. These all are the VISCERA.

Every so often, we shall summarize some of what we have been looking at.

REVIEW SLIDES

An example follows

PRONE

ANATOMICAL TERMS SO FAR

SUPINE

RIGHT LEFT

PRONATION & SUPINATIONinferiorly, superiorly, medially,

laterally, ventrally, dorsally, etc

EXTERNAL

INTERNAL

SUPERFICIALDEEP

ROSTRAL

SUPERIOR

INFERIOR

CAUDAL

PROXIMAL

DISTAL

DORSAL/ POSTERIOR

VENTRAL/ ANTERIOR

TRANSVERSE

For learning Anatomy, labeled figures are a must, & Powerpoint lets us offer a lot of them.

What the textbook provides is explanatory & linking text, which we can offer only in small measure, otherwise the screen gets cluttered

So that one needs to find a comfortable way of getting the value from both sources: this you’ll have to experiment with to find what suits you

Ideas for brief linking pieces are welcome. What to me seems like a thread of an idea may in practice be too disjointed. However, if you’ve read cartoon strips, you’ve already coped with the problem

Any errors please call to my notice

HUMAN PARAMEDICAL ANATOMY V

At the beginning of each section, you will see a slide to show you which section you have entered. At the end, the Module-Topics slide will be repeated.

WHERE AM I?

Examples follow

WHERE AM I? Online Anatomy Module 1

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

CELL

INTRO & TERMS

EPITHELIUM

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

MUSCLE

NERVOUS SYSTEM

AXIAL SKELETON

MUSCLES

EMBRYOLOGY



CELL

INTRO & TERMS

EPITHELIUM

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

MUSCLE

NERVOUS SYSTEM

AXIAL SKELETON

MUSCLES

EMBRYOLOGY

You are at the End

Caution how you exit. BACK on your browser is neededUnfortunately there is no way that you can directly reach other topics listed here by clicking on them. You get there by going back to the Paramedical Anatomy menu

Those taking the course for formal credit will of course have the examinations to take , but the object is more to get a feel & a basis for the applications of medical anatomy.

A test of what you have learned is what you can explain and illustrate using just your new mind and pencil and paper.

This exercise will give you practice in explaining anatomical medical ideas to patients, and give practice in reformatting material learned in a rather constrained context. The anatomy has to be usable in a variety of clinical and theoretical contexts.

Every so often in the computer program, we shall refer to test material in the books (see next slide). At other times, the computer program will have its own self-testing sections.

One goal is to ‘complete’ sections of the course, but you are really building an understanding of the body & medicine that will never be complete, but always somehow applicable

HUMAN PARAMEDICAL ANATOMY VI

Marieb p. 13,

p. 20 questions 4, 5, , 7, 8, 9, 10,

QUESTIONS ON ANATOMICAL TERMS

Guy p. 4, Fig 1-18,

p. 11, Exercise 1

For questions that you cannot answer from this computer program, e.g., brachial region?, search in the book chapters

Once into Anatomy, one finds that the logic and the engineering principles of the structures, and how they work, let one appreciate the body more than if one just did not know.

SATISFACTIONS

Secondly, one often sees how the Anatomy - sizes, configurations, relations, etc - shapes what occurs in injury and disease. E.g., why it is the radius that breaks when one falls on the hand, rather than the other bone of the forearm; & why the break is at the wrist end, rather than mid-shaft.

Two examples follow

GROSS ANATOMY

This story of getting food to the mouth shows working anatomy as parts of the body, movements around joints, muscle actions, and some underlying actions of bones of the skeleton

Other stories of how the body works make sense only in terms of much smaller units seen with the microscope, down to the level of cells and parts of cells - microscopic anatomy or histology, for example in the kidney and the liver.

The anatomist can explain why a venous clot dislodged in the leg is likely to block vessels in the lung - a pulmonary embolism.

PULMONARY EMBOLISM

Blood clot

PTAs the loose clot passes through the venous drainage out of the leg, and up through the abdomen to the heart, the clot is in progressively wider vessels. The pulmonary arteries are also large. It is only when the clot reaches the narrow arterioles of the lungs that it is likely to be stopped, blocking blood flow.

Another gross story

SOURCE OF THE FIGURES

All the Figs are hand-drawn by me in Powerpoint

They are based on ideas derived from several textbooks, atlases, and personal experience in the lab

The only ones that are attempts at direct hand copies are in the Muscles & Skeleton sections, e.g.,

For those, my source is Friedrich Merkel’s atlas Die Anatomie des Menschen, published by JF Bergmann: Wiesbaden, in 1913

chosen for reliability, & because time & the status of ‘spoils of war’ have claimed the copyright

And a personal interest is that Merkel taught at Gottingen, where I was from 1961-1963

:

FOREARM X-section

Vol III Fig 57, p 48

Goals are usually presented at the beginning, as if one could not get started without being framed and organized by the offerer of the course

GOALS I

One usually comes to the course with some idea of what it entails: from friends, books & articles read, the lay press, the Web, the course listing, etc

My goals - hopes for an outcome, really - can be presented at any time. See if they harmonize at all with yours.

Later, reflect on whether what you have looked at and thought about here achieves your aims, and the general ones that I have in mind

To have had a lasting effect on your nerve cells’ dendrites, axons and synapses so that, on meeting anatomy in the future, your brain would judge it to be:

FAMILIAR You are comfortable in having seen material like this before

COMPREHENSIBLE You made sense of it then, and have confidence in being able to continue

APPLICABLE You have seen anatomical ideas usefully applied in the contextrs of normal functioning and disease & injury

EXTENSIBLE The anatomy was coherent enough that you could follow other kinds of anatomy applied to other situations

INTRIGUING The ideas of anatomy, function & dysfunction have an intellectual interest that could drive your curiosity to explore them further

GOALS II



CELL

ORIENTATION

EPITHELIUM

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

MUSCLE

NERVOUS SYSTEM

AXIAL SKELETON

MUSCLES

EMBRYOLOGY

You are at the End of the Orientation

Caution how you exit. BACK on your browser is neededUnfortunately there is no way that you can directly reach other topics listed here by clicking on them. You get there by going back to the Paramedical Anatomy menu

if it fills the screen and you are in the hsc library, try the page up & page down arrows on the...

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