IEA CSP Workshop:

Frank Lenzen, 03.03.2014

Lenzen, 03/03/2014

SCHOTT Solar CSP

© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH

Different CSP Technologies

2

Lecture Title, Name of Speaker, dd/mm/yyyy

Parabolic trough collector Linear Fresnel collector

Solar tower Dish Sterling

SCHOTT Solar CSP

© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH

3

Until end of 2013, a cumulated capacity of more than 3,6

GW has been installed

Cumulated CSP installations and technology share (MW)

3.268

1.088

189

470

175

66

3.632

1.624

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

in operation under construction /in commissioning

Fresnel Tower Parabolic Trough

Approx. 90% of the installed capacity

is Parabolic Trough

5% is Fresnel

5% Tower…

SCHOTT Solar CSP

© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH

Overview of possible collector systems, heat transfer media

and storage media for CSP power plants

4

Lecture Title, Name of Speaker, dd/mm/yyyy

Collector system Heat transfer fluid Storage medium

Parabolic trough collector Oil Sensible molten: Solar salt

Fresnel collector Molten salt Sensible solid: Concrete,

sand

Solar tower Water (for DSG) Phase Change Material

(PCM): Salt

Air Water / Steam

Compressed Air

SCHOTT Solar CSP

© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH

Overview of potential future CSP combinations consisting

of collector, heat transfer fluid and storage medium

5

Lecture Title, Name of Speaker, dd/mm/yyyy

SCHOTT Solar CSP

© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH

CSP Technology will move to Molten Salt or DSG as HTF in future

if storage up to 3 hours and more is required Molten Salt

6

Lecture Title, Name of Speaker, dd/mm/yyyy

Advantage / Disadvantage Salts Water (DSG)

Advantages

High evaporation point and

hence high HTF

temperatures possible

Same material used for heat

storage and as heat transfer

fluid, thus saving of heat

exchanger

Lower specific costs

compared to oil

Reliable HTF, non toxic

Direct admission of the steam

turbine with steam provided by

the solar field, hence saving of

heat exchanger

Very low specific costs compared

to oil and salt

Disadvantages Advanced freeze protection

system required

No long term experience

regarding corrosion risk

Sophisticated handling of the

DSG-process in the solar field

Elaborate design of a heat

storage for DSG required

SCHOTT Solar CSP

© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH

7

0.30

0.32

0.34

0.36

0.38

0.40

0.42

0.44

0.46

0.48

0.50

0.52

350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700

p=100 bar

Live steam temperature[ C]

Efficiency ƞ

p=200 bar

p=300 bar

Typical steam turbine efficiency increase: 1: Standard PTC using oil as HTF 2: PTC with molten salt as HTF in 2020

1

2

Higher Temperatures will lead to higher Effiziencies in the Power Block

Source DII CSP 2020

SCHOTT Solar CSP

© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH

LCOE reduction of 30 % expected for Molten Salt compared

to oil as HTF

1. Efficiency improvement of the Power Block performance

• 380 °C / 100 bar 39 %

• 550 °C / 150 bar 45 % 16 % rel. performance improvement

2. Reduced parasitic loads

3. Increased process temperature leads to reduced salt quantities and improved

Cost for thermal heat storage

Andasol – Typ 100 %

Molten Salt design 36 %

Cost efficiency for heat storage significantly better

No need for heat exchanger between oil and salt

Equipment for the permanent quality stabilisation of HTF/oil is expensive and can be

avoided

Corrosion of Molten Salt and increased process temperatures require selected materials

Anti freezing protection necessary

8

Lecture Title, Name of Speaker, dd/mm/yyyy

SCHOTT Solar CSP

Design Aspects for the Study

Solar only power plants

Large scale power plants beyond 100 MWel output for utility applications

CSP systems capable of installation of large storage capacities, > 3h

Heat transfer fluid interaction with the solar field, power cycle and storage

system shall not cause any major technical or commercial problems

Optimization of the power plant design regarding lowest levelized cost of

electricity

SCHOTT Solar CSP

LCOEs of Investigated CSP Technologies

Significant cost reduction by 2020 for CSP possible

Average values of 13€ct/kWh can be reached

Differentiation of CSP technologies not possible at this stage; highly depending on

site criteria required storage capacity and other boundary conditions

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

10.5

15.7

13.1 Average

of 13€ct/kWh

Molten salt as HTF

Source DII CSP 2020

SCHOTT Solar CSP

Between 2020-2030 all renewable technology will be

competitive to all fossil technologies

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

LCOE, medium fuel prices [€/MWh]

Wind on-shore 3000 full load hours

PV utility 20MW 2200 GHI

CSP 250MW 8h storage 2600 DNI

OCGT - Open Cycle Gas Turbine

CCGT - Combined Cycle Gas Turbine

SCPC - Super Critical Pulverized Coal

Nuclear Generation III

Source: Dii

SCHOTT Solar CSP

© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH

Since the market entry in 2005, SCHOTT Solar CSP has

achieved a leading market position

12

CSP capacity installed or under construction

2012 2005

0,35 GW

~ 3 GW

~ 1 GW

More than 3 Gigawatts

capacity equipped with

SCHOTT PTR®70

receivers

More than 1 Million

receivers supplied to

over 50 CSP projects

worldwide

SCHOTT Solar CSP - The Leader in Receiver Technology

SCHOTT Solar CSP

© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH

SCHOTT pursues a continuous improvement of its PTR®

receiver

13

SCHOTT PTR®

2nd Gen

2008

SCHOTT PTR®

3rd Gen

2011

SCHOTT PTR®

1st Gen

2006

SCHOTT PTR®

3rd Gen Premium

2012

+ 2.9% plant

efficiency

+ 1.0% plant

efficiency

+ noble gas capsule = life-time

insurance

high temperature

(550°C)

SCHOTT PTR®

4th Gen

2013

SCHOTT PTR®70 Receiver Development

SCHOTT Solar CSP - The Leader in Receiver Technology

SCHOTT Solar CSP

© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH

SCHOTT PTR®

4th Gen

Operation temperatures up

to 550°C

Usable with Molten Salts as

heat transfer fluids

Optimized robustness for

easy handling

The 4th generation receiver of SCHOTT Solar paves the way

to competiveness of CSP technology

14

2012

SCHOTT PTR®

2nd Gen

SCHOTT PTR®

3rd Gen

SCHOTT PTR®

1st Gen

2020 0

5

10

15

LCOE €ct/kWh

400°C

550°C

Operation

Temp.

550

400

450

500

SCHOTT Solar CSP - The Leader in Receiver Technology

SCHOTT Solar CSP

© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH

SCHOTT PTR®70

Oil

SCHOTT PTR®70 Premium Integrated Noble Gas Capsule

as lifetime extender

+

Oil

SCHOTT PTR®70 Advance New steel grade for 550°C

Novel absorber coating +

+ Molten

Salt

Based on a new receiver platform, SCHOTT issues three

receiver products

15

SCHOTT PTR® 4th generation

receiver platform

New bellow design, suitable for high-temperature operation

Glass-to-metal seal with matching coefficients of thermal expansions

Protection cap for improved product robustness and easy handling

SCHOTT Solar CSP - The Leader in Receiver Technology

SCHOTT Solar CSP

© SCHOTT Solar CSP GmbH

Conclusion

16

Lecture Title, Name of Speaker, dd/mm/yyyy

Investigated parabolic trough, linear Fresnel and solar tower systems are feasible CSP

concepts to lower LCOEs by 2020. 13Cent/KWh seems to be a possible target (2020)

• Storage is a crucial feature for all CSP power plants in terms of lowering the LCOEs

and enabling power dispatchability, especially when considering high grid penetration

of renewable energy sources such as PV and Wind

Technology leap compared to existing systems is necessary to reach defined targets

Molten salt is considered by all players in the CSP branch to be one of the preferred

HTFs for all investigated systems which will enable the necessary technology leap by

2020

System optimization shows a trend toward high storage capacities for all technologies

by 2020 leading to high full load hours

First test installations will show the prove of concept short

term