Hydrogen for Sectoral Integration

Nikolaos Lymperopoulos

PRD 201919th November 2019

Fossil FuelsNuclear Energy

Thermolysis of water

2

Hydrogen Production, Distribution & Storage Technical Coverage

RES

Heat Biomass

Photo Electrolysis

Gasification

ElectricityReforming

Electrolysis Biological

Hydrogen CO2

Distr., Storage, Purification

1

1

6

3

4 32

12

95% of FCH JU support to green Hydrogen production

Refineries

3

Early H2 Production: a facilitator of FCs in Transport and Energy

POWER GRID

GAS GRID

Wind turbine

Solar PV

Power-to-power

Gas turbines

Fuel Cells

CHP

Heat

Methanation

Blending

CO2

Power-to-Gas

Power

Balancing services

Power-to-Hydrogen

Electrolysis H2 storage (optional)

H2O O2

Power-to-Industry

Steel

Ammonia

Speciality Chemicals

Chemical plants

Refueling stations

Power-to-Fuels

Power-to-Refinery

Methanol

CNG

Power-to-Mobility

Hydrogen Vehicles (FCEV)

CO2Power Network

Hydrogen Network

Liquid fuels Network

Gas Network

P2P & FCEVs + “Where will the Hydrogen come from?

Refineries

4

Today’s H2 Production: enabler of Sectorial integration

POWER GRID

GAS GRID

Wind turbine

Solar PV

Power-to-power

Gas turbines

Fuel Cells

CHP

Heat

Methanation

Blending

CO2

Power-to-Gas

Power

Balancing services

Power-to-Hydrogen

Electrolysis H2 storage (optional)

H2O O2

Power-to-Industry

Ammonia

Steel

Specialty ChemicalsChemical plants

Refueling stations

Power-to-Fuels

Power-to-Refinery

Methanol

CNG

Power-to-Mobility

Hydrogen Vehicles,Trains, Ships

CO2Power Network

Hydrogen Network

Liquid fuels Network

Gas Network

H2 is the best option for deep decarbonisation for a number of sectors

5

H2 production, distribution & storage

18 %

166 M€

59 Projects

Increase efficiency

and reduce costs of H2

production, mainly from

water electrolysis andrenewables

Demonstrate on a large scale

H2’s capacity

to harness power from

renewables and support

its integration into the

energy system

Hydrogen for Sectorial IntegrationWell-positioned FCH JU objectives & budget

6

Solar to Hydrogen

Electrolysis

Reformers

Storage & Purification

High & Low T Electrolysis

Distribution

7

Electrolysis Research and Demonstration

32 Projects

The potential of Hydrogen for the greening of industry has lead to fast capacity increase and cost reduction

114 M€

RIA: Research & Innovation Actions (RTD)IA: Innovation Actions (Demo)

€ 0

€ 5

€ 10

€ 15

€ 20

€ 25

€ 30

2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018M

illio

n

FCH JU funding per technology

AE PCE PEME PEME/SOE/AE SOE

8

Electrolysis Research and Demonstration

Steel industryHRS Refineries Food industry

0

5

10

15

20

25

0

5

10

15

20

25

2011 2014 2016 2017 2018

FCH

JU

Su

pp

ort

(M

€/M

W)

Cap

acit

y (M

W)

Year of Call

Electrolyser Demo Projects

The potential of Hydrogen for the greening of industry has lead to fast capacity increase and cost reduction

32 Projects

114 M€

RIA: Research & Innovation Actions (RTD)IA: Innovation Actions (Demo)

DJE

WEL

S

9

Electrolysis Research and DemonstrationSupport per country and type of beneficiary for electrolysis

€ 0

€ 5

€ 10

€ 15

€ 20

€ 25

€ 30

€ 35

€ 40

FR DE

UK

BE

AT ES NO IT DK

NL

CH EL FI CZ IS LU EE RO

MT

Mill

ion

FCH JU Funding by Beneficiary Country and Electrolyser Technology

AE PCE PEME PEME/SOE/AE SOE

€ 0

€ 5

€ 10

€ 15

€ 20

€ 25

€ 30

€ 35

€ 40

FR DE

NL

UK

BE

AT

NO ES CH IT DK FI EL LU IS CZ

EE RO

MT

Mill

ion

Total Budget by Beneficiary Country and Electrolyser Technology

AE PCE PEME PEME/SOE/AE SOE

10

Current density > 3 A/cm2

Capex targets for AE and PEME < 1.2 k€/kW

Energy consumption @ system level < 55 kWh/kg

Dynamic op / Testing Harmo / Degradation / Diagnostics

Safeguarding Europe’s leading position in Low Temp electrolysisVibrant community of OEMs and R&D institutions

6462.8

58.8

55

50

55

60

65

2016 2017 2018 MAWP 2020Target

KW

H/K

G

Energy consumption

0.901.55

2.18 2.20

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

2016 2017 2018 MAWP2020 Target

A/C

M2

Current density PEM

PEM electrolysis: Number of publications, patents, etc. 2004 - 2017https://fch.europa.eu/page/tools-innovation-monitoring-tim

EU 823, US 430, China 270, JPN 193, S. Korea 143

DE 224, FR 136, I 116, UK 111, DK 62

EU

US

China

Japan

S. Korea

DEFR

I

UK

DK

0

50

100

150

200

250

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane

World

EUEUWorld

Alkaline electrolysis: Number of publications, patents, etc. 2004 - 2019https://fch.europa.eu/page/tools-innovation-monitoring-tim

EU: 333, China: 277, USA: 155, Japan: 131, South Korea: 90

DE: 84, IT: 46, ES: 43, UK : 40, FR 28, DK :28, CZ : 19

EU

US

China

Japan

S. Korea

DE

FR

I UK

ES

EUWorld

IT

DK

13

Production loss rate < 1.9%/1000h

Electricity consumption < 40 kWh/kg

Availability >95%, reversible FC efficiency 54%

European leadership in High Temp electrolysers

Integrated methanation/ Co-electrolysis / 10 bar

Highest capacities & innovative concepts

1 day

0

Po

we

r kW

PCE

EU 508, China 255, US 246, JPN 121, S. Korea 74 DE 117, FR 103, DK 94, UK 79, I 69, E 40

US

China

Japan

S. Korea

EU Switzerland DE

FRI

UK

DK

E

0

50

100

150

200

250

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Solide Oxide

World

EU

SOE electrolysis: Number of publications, patents, etc. 2004 - 2017https://fch.europa.eu/page/tools-innovation-monitoring-tim

EUWorld

15

Support to electrolysers beyond projects

Developing an EU wide Guarantees of Origin Scheme for Hydrogen

Studies, e.g. Opportunities arising from the inclusion of H2 in NECPs

Harmonisation of electrolyser Testing Protocols

Actions facilitating the market entry of electrolysers

16

Solar to Hydrogen

Electrolysis

Reformers

Storage & Purification

Concentrated Solar &

Photo-Electrochemical

Distribution

17

Solar Thermal capacity 0.75 MW

Material lifetime > 1,000 hr

H2 production capacity < 3kg/week

Concentrated solar demonstrated in the field Redox and HyS cycles supported

Recovery of high temp heat, stability, cyclability

1200 oC

18

Lab: 1,000 hours for Fe2O3 photo-anodes

Lab: 12.8%

4x50cm2 done; working on 100 cm2, aiming for 10m2

PhotoElectroChemical devices: moving to practical sizes

9 €/kg estimated for house system with η 8%

High efficiencies at specimen scale; challenges at scaling up and “under sun” operation

19

Solar to Hydrogen

Electrolysis

Reformers

Storage & Purification

Reformers &

Gasifiers

Distribution

20

Biogas without CO2 prior removal

Various biofuels, capacities 3 -300kg/day

100kg/day H2 conversion η = 71.5%

Compact reformers

4.8 €/kg demonstrated @ landfill site

Green hydrogen from raw biogas

21

Solar to Hydrogen

Electrolysis

Reformers

Storage & Purification

Storage &

Purification

Distribution

22

Hydrogen recovery rate > 90%

5-25 kg H2/day, H2 delivery @ 200 bar

Cost of purified H2 < 1.5 €/kg

Preparing for Hythane, underground storage, H2 as byproduct

Efficient separation / purification of H2

H2 recovery using Pd membranes < 5kWh/kgH2

23

Hydrogen capacity of tube trailer >1,000kg

Cost of tube trailer < 350 €/kg

Liquid Organic carriers

Efficient Distribution of H2

H2 purity ISO 14687:2

24

Summary

Electrolysers: EU leadership but further work is required for cost reduction, improved efficiency, operation in specialised environments

Electrolysers: key enabler technology for Sectorial integration, Energy storage, Decarbonizing industry & the gas grid

Green Hydrogen for sectoral integration expected to play a major role in the 2030 - 2050 Energy Strategy

Alternative routes for green H2 production, H2 storage and purification enjoying equivalent support

@fch_ju

Fch-ju@fch.europa.eu

FCH JU

For further information

www.fch.europa.eu

Nikolaos Lymperopoulos

Project OfficerNikolaos.Lymperopoulos@fch.europa.eu