1. Ammonia Plant - Methanation Operations By: Gerard B. Hawkins Managing Director, CEO

2. Methanation Introduction and Theoretical Aspects Catalyst Reduction and Start-up Normal Operation and Troubleshooting Shutdown and Catalyst Discharge Nickel Carbonyl Hazard Modern Methanation Catalyst Requirements 3. Introduction Carbon oxides are poisons for ammonia synthesis catalyst Methanation is the final stage of purification of synthesis gas after CO2 removal to reduce carbon oxides to trace levels Uses nickel-based catalyst 4. Methanation Reactions & Operating Conditions Reactions are highly exothermic +74oC (133oF) for every 1% CO converted +60oC (108oF) for every 1% CO2 converted Typical inlet temperatures 270-290oC (520-555oF) Typical inlet carbon dioxide 0.1 - 1.0 vol% Typical carbon oxide slip