Humanities 2270 Class 3689 Harry A Wilson 2151777 May 3, 2011 Final Exam Part I Concept Identification 1. The Spartacus Revolt . A slave revolt led by Spartacus and other escaped gladiators from 73-71 BCE. Living off the countryside, and amassing slaves as they traveled(as many as 70,000), they handed the Romans a series ofmilitary defeats This was extremely humiliating to the Romans to be beaten by slaves who were under trained, and not as well equipped. The group traveled as far north as the Alps before moving south to their final defeat at the hands of Crassus. Six thousand of the captured slaves were crucified along the road to Rome. The fear caused by armed slaves roaming the countryside, the defeats of their cherished Legions, together with the threat ofpirates in the Mediterranean and wars with Spain and Mithradates, caused the citizens to lose faith in their Republic and eventually led to the start of the Roman Empire. Spartacus has come to be a symbol of armed struggle of the oppressed against tyranny. 2. Augustus. First Roman Emperor. He was adopted by Julius Caesar and upon his death in 44BC along with Marc Anthony and Marcus Lepidus formed a ruling triumvirate. He eventually became sole ruler and by eliminating the trappings of the Republic, became an Emperor by deed not title. He ruled during the period of PaxRomana and greatly extended the land area underRome¶s control. He built roadways to link the Empire, established a standing Army and Firemen, and rebuilt Rome taking it from ³brick to marble´. He was considered Rome¶s greatest Emperor and his name Augustus, and the title Caesar were used by many of those to follow. 3. The Battle That Stopped Rome(Battle of the Teutoburg Forest,9 AD) . An attempt by Rome to conquer the Germans. Led by Varus, three Roman Legions were led into an ambush, by Arminius (Hermann). The Roman defeat was utter and complete with approximately 15-20,000 killed. Although there were subsequent skirmishes with the Germans they would never again try to defeat and hold Germany. Although admired for his military skill, prior to this,Varus became known in history for this defeat.(Varian disaster) 4. Kingdom of God.A phrase that also is used as Kingdom of Heaven. Jesus preached about this as being a place we can all reach by following the word of God and living a good Christian life; acting and thinking as Christ would. Upon Christ¶s second coming all will be judged, but only the righteous will reside with Christ in Heaven. In conflict with the Romans and Jews, who thought he might wish to be King of his people, Jesus relates that his is the ³Kingdom of God´. 5. Jahiliyah. This term refers to the pre-Islamic period in Saudi Arabia. It implies a time of ignorance and paganism. Muhammad¶s teachings resulted in Islam, which drew those who followed his word away from this, and into enlightenment. It also was acceptable for those who followed Islam to wage
