Human Needs and Motivation

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Team Sparkle

Our Team Members Name : Mahfuzur Rahman (Group Leader)

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Name : Mehnaz Amir

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Name : Tawfiqul Haque Mithun

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Name : Ishtak Jahan Ajanta

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Name : Sajadul Mahin

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Need-Want-Demand

Need

Need is a necessity, the feeling of deprivation or absence of something.

WantWant is a feeling of desire for something that is not essential, the symbolic

representation of need.

DemandDemand is the

requirement of something in the market. It comes

when you have ability to buy the product.

Examples

Motive and Motivation

Motive

A motive is an inner state that energizes, activates

and directs behavior towards goals.

Motivation

Motivation is the word derived from the word ’motive’ which means

needs, desires, wants or drives within the

individuals. It is the process of stimulating people to

actions to accomplish the goals.

Motivation Process

Need Drive Behavior(Action)

Goal Attainme

ntSatisfactio

n

Reinforcement

Need Drive Behavior(Action)

Goal Attainme

ntSatisfactio

n

Content Theory and Process Theory

Content Theory Content theories focus on

the factors within a person that motives

people.

Process TheoryProcess theories provide

a description and analysis of peoples are

motivated.

Various types of Content Theories

Machiavellianism – Niccolo Machiavelli

Hedonism

Scientific Management Theory – F.W. Taylor

Maslow – Five-level need hierarchy

Alderfer – Three-level hierarchy (ERG)

Herzberg – Two major factors (hygienes and motivators)

McClelland – Three learned needs acquired from the culture

Machiavellianism

Machiavellianism is a personality trait that is characterized with the use of manipulation to achieve power.

High Mach

Manipulative

Not Easily Persuaded

Low Mach

Submissive

Easily Persuaded

Hedonism

Folk Value Motivational Normative Egonism

Motivational Hedonism

People seek pleasure and comfort and try to avoid pain

and discomfort.

Scientific Management Theory

Scientific management is a theory of management that analyzes and

synthesizes workflows. Its main objective is improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity.

Employees are economically motivated and they work to earn as

much as they can. People general purpose machine. The more the pay the more the outcome.

Maslow

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposed by

Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation"

in Psychological Review.

ERG Motivation Theory Alderfer

Clayton P. Alderfer's ERG theory from 1969 condenses Maslow's five human needs into three categories: Existence, Relatedness and Growth.

Existence needsThese include need for basic material necessities. In short, it includes an

individual’s physiological and physical safety needs.

Relatedness needsThese include the aspiration individual’s have for maintaining significant

interpersonal relationships , getting public fame and recognition. Maslow’s social needs and external component of esteem needs fall under this class of need.

Growth needsThese include need for self-development and personal growth and advancement. Maslow’s self-actualization needs and intrinsic component of esteem needs fall

under this category of need.

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

The two-factor theory (also known as Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory and dual-factor theory) states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction.

Herzberg's findings revealed that certain characteristics of a job are consistently related to job satisfaction, while different factors are associated with job dissatisfaction. These are:

McClelland Theory

In his 1961 book 'The Achieving Society', David McClelland expounds on his acquired-needs theory. He proposed that an individual's specific needs are acquired over time and are shaped by one's life experiences.

Achievement Has a strong need to set and accomplish challenging goals. Takes calculated risks to accomplish their goals. Likes to receive regular feedback on their progress and achievements. Often likes to work alone.Affiliation Wants to belong to the group. Wants to be liked, and will often go along with whatever the rest of the group

wants to do. Favors collaboration over competition. Doesn't like high risk or uncertainty.

McClelland Theory

Power Wants to control and influence others. Likes to win arguments. Enjoys competition and winning. Enjoys status and recognition