how to write a research paper?
TRANSCRIPT
How to Write a Research Paper?
©Amimul Ehsan
Background…
• What is research?
• How to do research?
• Why research paper?
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What is Research Paper (RP)?
• Presenting a research in some technical manner
• Recognition of research work globally
• Prestigious lifetime achievement if published
• Creates future research scope
• Help people to understand things…
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Where to Publish RP?
• Conferences • Journal
Some worldwide recognized publishers: • IEEE • Elsevier • Springer • Scopus • Taylor & Francis • Wily • AIT…..and so on.
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Whole Paper at a Glance
Title Abstract Introduction Main body Conclusion
Literature Review
Methodology Result &
Discussion
Reference Acknowledgement
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Title
…represents subject, objectives and even results.
• <12 words
• <100 characters
• Shorter is better
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Abstract
• Highlight the major contributions • Focus on the content of the document (viz.,main
idea, method, results…) in a restricted form • <200 words • Simple and fluent • Not summery…
…a concise description of a longer document.
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Introduction
• What is the problem?
• Why solving this problem is important?
• How solving is difficult?
• How other people tried to solve and what were their limitations?
• Why you motivated to solve this?
• How you plan to solve?
• What result of your research solves the problem?
Literature Review!!! 06-May-15 ©Amimul Ehsan 9
Literature Review
Plan
Search
Store
Collect
Use
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Literature Review (contd.)
How to search???
– Select some key phrase.
– Search in online data base (as stated in slide-7)
– Year basis (recent), Title, Abstract…
How to store?
– Write summary.
How to add in paper and cite?
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Literature Review (contd.)
• Some issues
– Knowledge gap
– Novelty
– Poor language
– Poor organization
– …etc.
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Main body
Your paper your way…
• It is the part where you directly speak to the reader.
• Important parts:
– Methodology
– Result and Discussion
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Methodology
• Main description
• Experiment
• Calculation and Analysis
• Subsections (as less as possible to clarify)
• Graphical presentations (viz., Figure, Table, Graph & Video)
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Graphical Presentation
• Figure – Appropriate
– Avoid photos of experiment…
– Caption
• Table – Avoid tables of ≤3 data/information
– Row/column header
– Avoid sentence
– Unit (SI…)
– Title/caption
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Graphical Presentation (contd.)
• Graph
– Best way to present data, result, analysis
– Color, style
– Indications (axes label, ledger etc.)
– Title
• Video
– Video abstract
– Resolution, duration and file size
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Result and Discussion
• Specify your findings
• Clarify your analysis and comparison with proper literature
• Organize smartly
• Keep your voice to the point…
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Conclusion
• Restate the objective
• Result
• Achievement
• Comment
• Recommendation
• Any related text that does not fit above
*Typically readers jump to conclusion immediately after the abstract.
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Reference
• Published research article (In some case unpublished also)
• Book
• Trusted website
• News report
• Press release
• Data sheet, fact sheet, report, thesis paper…
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Other Important Points • Acknowledgements
• Highlights
• Appendix
• Footnote
• Conversions (viz., BDT » $US)
• Cover letter
• Bibliography
• Nomenclature
• Over all organization
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Some Issues & Tips
• Plagiarism
• State in 3rd person
• Choose words smartly
• Overall language and grammar
• Proof read…make people read and take feedback
• Organization
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Whole Process in Brief
• Plan
• Outline
• Graphics
• Write….
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Some Ethical Issues
• Recognize, acknowledge…
• Author/co-authorship
Your supervisor is always right …no matter what!!!!
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A quick review
• Select topic • Write abstract • Start searching • Read…read….read…. • Plan the outline • Insert graphics • Hit your key board • .. • …. • Keep going….do not stand back
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Some Questions from Class
• How to put footnote?
– Smaller font at the end of the page and refer in text as superscript.
• How to list various references?
– Every article publisher has their own format for reference listing.
– For example, please follow the link - https://goo.gl/eFfSoi and go to reference page.
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Difference between abstract and summery
…highlights the major points but will probably omit some parts of the document and it will also reduce some of them disproportionately
…is interdentally gives readers a nutshell idea of the paper, a snapshot, an outline or proportion, rendition or what the original work is
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Types of Abstracts
• Indicative/descriptive – purpose, scope or methodology
• Informative/ summary – purpose, scope or methodology, results, conclusion and recommendations
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Guidelines for abstract writing
• Make the abstract informative • Make the abstract easy to read • Be concise • Be exact and unambiguous • Use the same tone and emphasis that the original
used • Organize the information in the way that will be
most useful to the reader • Do not comment or evaluate the article • Avoid referencing
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