DHS S&T Cyber Security RDTE&T Initiatives and Open SourceMIL-OSS ConferenceRosslyn, VAAugust 4, 2010

Dept. of Homeland Security Science & Technology Directorate

Douglas Maughan, Ph.D.

Branch Chief / Program Mgr.

douglas.maughan@dhs.gov

202-254-6145 / 202-360-3170

24 August 2010

Open Source and Government

July 2001

Jan 2003 July 2004 June 2007

May 2003

StenbitMemo

MITREBus. Case

MITRESurvey

OMB Procurement

Memo

June 2006

OTDRoadmap

Launched Oct 2009

OTDPhase 2

DONCIOGuidance

DoD NIIGuidance

Oct 2009

PITACHPC

July 2001 2001 - 03

34 August 2010

Univ. of Pennsylvania

Network Associates Labs

WireXCommunications

DARPA Program (2001-2003) President’s Information Technology Advisory

Committee (PITAC) Report on Open Source Software (OSS) Panel for High Performance Computing (HPC)

Critical Findings1. Federal government should encourage the

development of Open Source Software. 2. Federal government should allow Open

Source development efforts to compete on a “level playing field” with proprietary solutions in government procurement

3. Government sponsored Open Source projects should choose from a small set of established Open Source licenses after analysis of each license and determination of which may be preferable.

44 August 2010

Science and Technology (S&T) Mission

Conduct, stimulate, and enable research, development, test, evaluation and timely transition of homeland security capabilities to federal, state and local operational end-users.

5

Cyber Security Program Areas Information Infrastructure Security Cyber Security Research Infrastructure Next Generation Technologies

Two new program areas – Cyber Forensics and Homeland Open Security Technology (HOST)

Research Horizon – What does it look like?

4 August 2010

6

Information Infrastructure Security DNSSEC – Domain Name System Security S&T has been leading global DNSSEC Deployment Initiative since 2004,

including roadmaps, workshops, testbed, pilots, software development, standards, outreach, and training Working with OMB, OSTP, GSA, NIST to ensure USG is leading the global

deployment efforts http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/memoranda/fy2008/m08-23.pdf

Working with vendor community to ensure solutions http://dnssec-deployment.org/presentations/govsec2009.html

SPRI – Secure Protocols for Routing Infrastructure S&T has been leading global SPRI Initiative since 2008, including a

roadmap, workshops, testbed, software development, standards, and community outreach Working with global registries to deploy Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)

between ICANN/IANA and registries (e.g., ARIN) and ISPs/customers Working with IETF standards and industry to develop solutions for our current

routing security problems and future technologies Funding R&D for tools to facilitate deployment

Colorado State Univ, University of Oregon, UCLA, USC-ISI, PCH, NIST

July 6, 2010

7

Information Infrastructure Security - 2 LOGIIC – Linking Oil & Gas Industry to Improve Cybersecurity

A collaboration of oil and natural gas companies and DHS S&T to facilitate cooperative research, development, testing, and evaluation procedures to improve cyber security in Industrial Automation and Control Systems

Consortium under the Automation Federation TCIPG – Trustworthy Computing Infrastructure for the Power Grid

Partnership with DOE funded at UIUC with several partner universities and industry participation

Drive the design of an adaptive, resilient, and trustworthy cyber infrastructure for transmission & distribution of electric power, including new resilient “smart” power grid

DECIDE (Distributed Environment for Critical Infrastructure Decision-making Exercises) Provide a dedicated exercise capability to foster an effective, practiced

business continuity effort to deal with increasingly sophisticated cyber threats Enterprises will be able to initiate their own large-scale exercises, define their own

scenarios, protect their proprietary data, and learn vital lessons to enhance business continuity, all from their desktops

The Financial Services Sector Coordinating Council R&D Committee has organized a user-group of subject matter experts paid by their respective financial institutions to support the project over the next two years.

July 6, 2010

8

National Research Infrastructure DETER - http://www.isi.edu/deter/

Researcher and vendor-neutral experimental infrastructure that is open to a wide community of users to support the development and demonstration of next-generation cyber defense technologies

Over 170 users from 14 countries (and growing)

PREDICT – https://www.predict.org Repository of network data for use by the U.S.- based cyber

security research community Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) completed Over 118 datasets and growing; Over 100 active users (and

growing)

End Goal: Improve the quality of defensive cyber security technologies

End Goal: Improve the quality of defensive cyber security technologies

4 August 2010

94 August 2010

Next Generation Technologies

http://baa.st.dhs.gov R&D funding model that delivers both near-term and

medium-term solutions: To develop new and enhanced technologies for the

detection of, prevention of, and response to cyber attacks on the nation’s critical information infrastructure.

To perform research and development (R&D) aimed at improving the security of existing deployed technologies and to ensure the security of new emerging systems;

To facilitate the transfer of these technologies into the national infrastructure as a matter of urgency.

10

Sample Product List

Ironkey – Secure USB Standard Issue to S&T employees from S&T CIO

Coverity – Open Source Hardening (SCAN) Evaluates over 150 open source software packages nightly

USURF – Cyber Exercise Planning tool Currently in use in WA state exercise; partnering with NCSD

Secure64 – DNSSEC Automation Several commercial customers; Government pilots underway

HBGary – Memory and Malware Analysis 12-15 pilot deployments as part of Cyber Forensics program (later)

Stanford – Anti-Phishing Technologies Open source; Most browsers have incorporated Stanford R&D

Secure Decisions – Data Visualization Pilot with DHS/NCSD/US-CERT in progress

4 August 2010

114 August 2010

Give open source community access to entire toolset Open-source developers register their project.

Coverity automatically downloads and runs tool over it. Developers get back bugs in coverity’s bug database

Big success: Roughly 500 projects registered 4,700+ defects actually patched. Some really crucial bugs found; dozens of security patches (e.g.,

X, ethereal)

Coverity: scan.coverity.com

124 August 2010

Initial requirements working group held 11/20/08 Attendees from USSS, CBP, ICE, FLETC, FBI, NIJ,

TSWG, NIST, Miami-Dade PD, Albany NY PD Initial list of projects

Mobile device forensic tools GPS forensics tools LE First responder “field analysis kit” High-speed data capture and deep packet inspection Live stream capture for gaming systems Memory analysis and malware tools Information Clearing House

S&T initiated 6 projects in FY09 totaling $2M

Cyber Forensics

Combined

134 August 2010

Vulnerability Assessment of Open Source “Wireshark” Assessment: Assess a key open-source monitoring

and forensics tool using the University of Wisconsin’s First Principles Vulnerability Assessment (FPVA) methodology

Training: Develop materials and teach tutorials in vulnerability assessment and secure programming techniques

Vulnerability characterization and automated detection: Use the results from assessments to formalize the description of vulnerabilities found and develop algorithms to detect them

144 August 2010

Homeland Open Security Technology (HOST) Promote the development and implementation of open source

solutions within US Federal, state and municipal government agencies

15

How can we (collectively) afford IT?

$38,500,000,000+ (BILLION!)

HOST Motivation

4 August 2010

16

US Govt Spends $38 Billion on IT Annually Trend is Not Sustainable

Bureaucracy (easy to blame)Complexity of Govt Enterprise Systems

Redundancy – Re-Invent the WheelExisting System of Acquisition, Management,

Updating, Technical Obsolescence Significant Hurdle

Cybersecurity = Protection of Infrastructure and Data

Need: Sustainable Government IT Systems

4 August 2010

17

Approach: Leverage Open Systems

Audience Federal, State, Local Government End Users - Citizens Share Benefits with Industry, Development Communities

Open Technology Solutions Vendor/Platform Agnostic Best of Breed Development – Builds Upon Success Focuses on Addressing the Needs of End Users

4 August 2010

GOAL: Improve systems security, enhance technical efficiency and reduce the cost of IT management...within Govt IT systems.

18

Benefits: Open Technology Solutions

Open Systems promote and encourage Transparency – Interoperability – Technical Agility Enhanced Manageability through Open Source License

Economic Benefits Lower Adoption Costs – Promotes Vendor Competition Broad Vendor and Developer Support Secure – Stable – Broadly Adopted in Govt and Industry

Existing Govt Adoption/Usage OMB/White House, DoD, Dept of Navy adoption OS

Policy Growing Govt Open Technology Adoption

4 August 2010

19

Competition: Who/What are the Challenges Proprietary Vendors

Technology Vendors Business Models Non-competitive

solutions

Adoption Resistance Ingrained Systems Existing Relationships Policy Updates and

Modifications Change Mentality Lack of Vision,

Leadership and Continuity

FUD/Pushback

4 August 2010

204 August 2010

HOST Program Areas Information Portal

Federal Government Open Source Census GovernmentForge Open Source Software Repository

Documentation Standards, Best Practices

Community Outreach “New” open source IDS/IPS Work with tool developers (source, binary) on open source software

quality analysis Information Assurance / Security

US Government security evaluation processes (OpenSSL)

S&T initiated projects in FY09/10 totaling $1.5M

21

Progress to Date

4 August 2010

22

HOST: Going Forward

Investment $10M up to $50M+ 5-yr (1 + 4 w/options) Scalable based on

deliverables & program review

ROI Value of Deliverables Strategic Advantage

Accountability Metrics tied to similar IT

program of record Investment Costs Recurring Fees Management/Admin Exp Upgrade Costs Compatibility Expenses Vendor Failure Expense

Process Not Product

4 August 2010

Can we afford NOT to Invest in Open Technology?

234 August 2010

Timeline of Past Research Reports

1997 1998 2000 2001 2003 2004 2005 20061999 2002 2007

President’s Commission on CIP (PCCIP)

NRC CSTB Trust in Cyberspace

I3P R&D Agenda

National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace

Computing Research Association – 4 Challenges

NIAC Hardening the Internet

PITAC - Cyber Security: A Crisis of Prioritization

IRC Hard Problems List

NSTC Federal Plan for CSIA R&D

NRC CSTB Toward a Safer and More Secure Cyberspace

All documents available at http://www.cyber.st.dhs.gov

244 August 2010

A Roadmap for Cybersecurity Research

http://www.cyber.st.dhs.gov Scalable Trustrworthy Systems Enterprise Level Metrics System Evaluation Lifecycle Combatting Insider Threats Combatting Malware and Botnets Global-Scale Identity Management Survivability of Time-Critical

Systems Situational Understanding and Attack

Attribution Information Provenance Privacy-Aware Security Usable Security

25

DHS S&T Roadmap Content What is the problem being addressed? What are the potential threats? Who are the potential beneficiaries? What are their respective

needs? What is the current state of practice? What is the status of current research? What are the research gaps? What challenges must be addressed? What resources are needed? How do we test & evaluate solutions? What are the measures of success?

4 August 2010

26

National Cyber Leap Year (NCLY)

RFI – 1: Generic, wide-open Received over 160 responses; created 9 research areas

Attribution, Cyber Economics, Disaster Recovery, Network Ecology, Policy-based Configuration, Randomization/Moving Target, Secure Data, Software Assurance, Virtualization

RFI – 2: Same as RFI-1, but providing IP protection Received over 30 responses

RFI – 3: Requested submissions only in 9 research areas above Received over 40 responses

National Cyber Leap Year (NCLY) Summit August 17-19, 2009 Results posted on http://www.nitrd.gov

4 August 2010

27

NCLY Summit Topics

Cyber economics Digital provenance Hardware enabled trust Moving target defense Nature-inspired cyber defense

Expectation: Agencies will be using these topic areas in future solicitations (FY11 and beyond)

4 August 2010

28

Summary

DHS S&T continues with an aggressive cyber security research agenda Working with the community to solve the cyber security

problems of our current (and future) infrastructure Outreach to communities outside of the Federal government, i.e.,

building public-private partnerships is essential Working with academe and industry to improve research

tools and datasets Looking at future R&D agendas with the most impact for

the nation, including education Need to continue strong emphasis on technology

transfer and experimental deployments

4 August 2010

294 August 2010

Douglas Maughan, Ph.D.

Branch Chief / Program Mgr.

douglas.maughan@dhs.gov

202-254-6145 / 202-360-3170

For more information, visithttp://www.cyber.st.dhs.gov