home energy audit report

7519ENG ENERGY AUDIT REPORT

68/17 Marlow Street, Woodridge

Site Energy Report

By Moses Majiwa s2938992

ii

Table of Contents 1.0 SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 3 2.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................... 4

2.2 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................ 5

2.3 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................... 5

2.4 SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND ASSUMPTIONS ......................................................................................... 5

3.0 THE SITE ............................................................................................................................ 6 3.1 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SITE ................................................................................................... 6

3.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF MAIN APPLIANCES .......................................................................................... 7

3.3 HEATING AND COOLING (AIR CONDITIONING) ........................................................................................... 7

3.4 HOT WATER ....................................................................................................................................... 7

3.5 LIGHTING ............................................................................................................................................ 8

3.6 PERSONAL COMPUTERS ........................................................................................................................ 8

4.0 ENERGY CONSUMPTION .................................................................................................... 8 4.1 SUMMARY OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION .................................................................................................... 8

4.2 SEASONAL PATTERNS FOR ENERGY USE ................................................................................................... 9

4.3 ENERGY USE BY APPLICATION .............................................................................................................. 10

4.4 ENERGY USAGE MONITORING .............................................................................................................. 11

4.5 ENERGY USAGE ASSUMPTIONS ............................................................................................................. 11

5.0 AUDIT MEASURES AND CALCULATIONS ......................................................................... 12 5.1 COOKING AND WATER HEATING ............................................................................................................ 12

5.2 KITCHEN APPLIANCES .......................................................................................................................... 12

5.3 OTHER APPLIANCES ............................................................................................................................ 12

5.4 LIGHTING .......................................................................................................................................... 12

5.5 BILL DETAILS ..................................................................................................................................... 12

5.6 STANDBY POWER ............................................................................................................................... 13

6.0 ENERGY MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES ....................................................................... 14 7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUMMARY FOR ENERGY REDUCTION .................................. 15 7.1 GAS (COOKING AND WATER HEATING)................................................................................................... 16

7.2 OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................... 17

8.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................... 17 9.0 APPENDIX ........................................................................................................................ 19 9.1 MEASURED DATA AND OTHER COMPUTATIONS ....................................................................................... 19

9.2 UTILITY BILLS ..................................................................................................................................... 24

Griffith University Nathan Campus Page -3-

1.0 Summary An Energy Audit was conducted at unit 68 17 Marlow Street, Woodridge in the state of Queensland. The major purpose of the energy audit was to help identify Energy Management Opportunities (EMO) in a typical family dwelling. This was to give a full perspective of the contribution of family units to energy usage and consumption. Power consumption measurements of various devices in the home were taken, the power and gas bills were examined and extrapolated over a quarter a year to estimate the annual energy consumption. The findings indicate an annual consumption of 6303.29kWhs of energy which translates to an annual cost of A$2,062.67. This translates to greenhouse gas emission of 5.1 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year. Using the National Australian Built Environment Rating System (NABERS) home energy rating tool [1], the home was rated at 5 stars (see Table 10). This implies that the house uses less energy than similar houses in the same area which means that it generates less greenhouse gas emissions than similar

houses in the neighbourhood [2]. This could potentially be because of implementation of past Energy Management opportunities, however this could not be readily be verified. Energy made easy online tool was also used to compute the average household electricity usage for the zone of the site for a 4 family household including children and this was established to be 7,666kWh per year.

Potential energy management opportunities were identified and consequently areas for cost effective energy savings and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The energy management opportunities identified can be categorised into short term and long term actions plans. The short term energy saving initiatives can cost effectively save up to 25% of the current home energy use. This could potentially save A$506.23 annually and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions by 1.25 tonnes CO2 equivalent per annum, these are summarised in Table 1 below. Other suggested initiatives which could be undertaken by the owner of the house and have a longer payback period could drastically reduce the water heating costs and the current energy use involves the installation of a solar water heating system or a solar energy system albeit with a longer payback period of upto 11years.

Moses Majiwa s2938992 Energy Audit


Table 1 Energy audit summary for unit 68, 17 Marlow Street.

ENERGY AUDIT SUMMARY Total Annual Energy Consumption (kWh) Electricity Gas

6303.29 2528.67 3774.62

Total Annual Energy Cost (A$) Electricity Gas

2062.67 1296.59

766.08 Total Carbon emissions (Tonnes CO2 e) Electricity Gas

5.10 2.04 3.06

Identified annual energy savings (kWh p.a.) 1546.98 Identified annual cost savings (A$ p.a.) 506.23 Identified annual carbon emission savings (tonnes CO2 equivalent) 1.25 Energy savings as a percentage of total 25%

2.0 Introduction

2.1 Background An energy audit is a very important step within the process of energy management process [3]. It sits at the core of the energy management program and helps to validate the energy management opportunities (EMOs) in the site at which it is conducted. The premier goal of energy management is to minimise the effects of energy consumption on

the generation of greenhouse gases that cause climatic changes (global warming and environmental impact). However, for the home owner or user, a home energy audit serves more as a point of savings by helping to reduce energy costs and subsequently as a contribution to environmental conservation.

The energy audit exercise was carried out at unit 68, 17 Marlow street in Woodridge ostensibly to identify opportunities to improve energy efficiency, decrease energy costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change [4]. In order to achieve this, the energy audit exercise will seek to establish the following;

a) Determine where and when energy is used b) Establish the trend of usage and the cost c) Identify energy management opportunities and assess the benefits d) Provide recommendations and advise on actions to undertake



2.2 Scope The energy audit assignment was confined to unit 68, 17 Marlow Street in Woodridge. The unit is a townhouse in a compound of 128 other units. The assessment of energy use entailed all electrical appliances in the home, lighting sources and electrical plug points. Given that it was a private energy audit exercise, the level of analysis was moderate in the sense that it did not require a highly skilled or certified energy auditor. The scope of the exercise is basically to demonstrate the understanding of the principles of energy auditing and application of the same in real scenario.

2.3 Methodology Prior to the commencement of the audit, a condition survey was conducted where all the appliances and electrical points that were to be covered in the audit were listed. This essentially covered all the rooms in the entire house.

A form was prepared to aid in data collection and make the exercise easier. Starting with the living room, data was collected from each room and the appliances in the room. Measurement of power consumption of appliances was carried out using the MS-6115 Multifunction power meter taking care to include technical characteristics of the appliances/systems, design conditions as well as other parameters. For the lighting system, Lux measurements were taken using the lux meter. Care was taken to ensure the

readings were taken over the appropriate maximum range while the lux meter was placed on the desktop/table. Other information that was collected included the general building characteristics such as floor area, construction details such as external walls, partitioning walls, windows etc. as well as building orientation. The electricity and natural gas invoices for the last quarter were also collected to assist in the analysis of the collected data.

The collected data which is presented in Table 5 and Table 7 in section 9.0 Appendix was then analysed to identify potential Energy Management Opportunities (EMOs). The benefits of such EMOs were then assessed and recommendations made on action to be taken to gain maximum benefits from the audit.

2.4 Source of Information and Assumptions The primary data used in this energy audit exercise were acquired through measurements at the audit site. The secondary data were obtained from sources that were carefully



selected based on the relevance to the exercise. All the sources for secondary information as well as those used in compiling this report are acknowledged in section 8.0.

Three online tools were used, the first one from Energy Made Easy to estimate the average household electricity usage per quarter for similar housing units in the same area as the audit site and the results are presented in Figure 2, The second online tool by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was used to estimate the energy consumed by appliances while on standby mode and this is presented in Table 3 and the third tool National Australian Built Environment Rating System (NABER) was used to estimate the home rating of the house based on its energy consumption data and this is presented in Table 10. NABER essentially compares the energy usage of the site to the average home to find out if the household is a high or low consumer. The NABER Average usage is calculated using information from thousands of Australian homes [1].

The actual operation characteristic of the refrigerator could not be determined as it required usage monitoring over a period of time. Therefore, even though it is on for 24hours, it was assumed go on standby mode half of the time. This assumption is based on a study of typical appliances of similar nature [5].

The second assumption made is that the householders take approximately 10 minutes in the shower each per day. As such for four occupants of the house, this takes a cumulative total of 40minutes per day. This helps us to compute the energy savings from behavioural adjustment for the time taken in the shower.

3.0 The Site

3.1 General characteristics of the site The audit was undertaken in a townhouse that is one among 128 other units in the complex. The townhouses are not detached and total land area occupied by the house is approximately 120m2 while the house alone occupies a total floor area of 96.84m2 for both the ground and upstairs. The external walls are made of bricks while the internal partitioning walls are wooden. The windows are made with ordinary clear glass and security screens. The windows and doors are well fitted not to allow air leaks, however, they are not insulated. The design of the house allows maximum illumination by natural light in all the rooms.



Figure 1 A snapshot of the site showing the entrance and the external brick walls.

3.2 General Description of Main Appliances The major power consuming appliances in the house are those with high power rating as well as those with short time but intense use. These are the ones which required higher scrutiny and attention. Such high energy consumers include the hair dryer, iron, vacuum cleaner, Rice Cooker, Microwave as well as the Gas cooker.

The second category of high energy consuming appliances in the home are those which have lower power but run nonstop, such include the television, the Fridge as well as the fans during summer time.

3.3 Heating and Cooling (Air conditioning) The living room and dining room of the site which adopts an open plan architecture are air cooled as there are no air conditioners or fans installed. The three bedrooms rooms in the house are all fitted with fans which are integrated with the lighting system. These fans are mostly used during the summer and other warm months.

3.4 Hot Water The site uses a separate natural gas fired domestic hot water tank. The system is the continuous flow type and has been observed to increase the energy cost of the house due



to the supply charges that comprise this component. The hot water unit comprise a 90litre capacity tank that consumes 30MJ of energy per hour of use with a rated output power of 6.1kW.

3.5 Lighting Thirty five percent, which forms majority of the light sources in the house, were compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). This is an indication that the home owner has invested a great deal in previous energy management opportunities. Another 14% are Halogen energy saver lamps. These are a form of incandescent lamps and less energy efficient than the CFLs. The rest are a mix of fluorescent lamps and LEDs.

3.6 Personal Computers Personal computing devices are quite a number in the house. There are two laptops which are used quite often given that the two adults in the house are both students. Besides the children also share these laptops for their school asignments every so often or just as a form of entertainment. There are also two ipads and mobile phones.

4.0 Energy Consumption

4.1 Summary of Energy Consumption The only electricity bill available for the house indicated that for the three months commencing 4th February 2015 when the householders moved into the house to 20th April 2015 [76 days], the energy consumed was 298kWh at a total cost of A$152.92. This resulted in the generation of 0.3 Tonnes CO2 equivalents of greenhouse gases. On the other hand, the natural gas bill for the period 4th February 2015 to 27th March 2015 [52 days] indicated an energy consumption of 2103MJ which is equivalent to 584.17kWh at a cost of A$118.37. These were to support the livelihoods of two adults and two children in a floor space of 96.84m2

Since there was no data for the previous consumption period, it wa not possible to make a comparison. As such the bill figures were used to extrapolate the consumption pattern for the house for one year. Table 2 below gives the estimated annual energy consumption for the energy audit site and the annual cost of the site. The table also give the estimated annual greenhouse gas emissions in terms of tonnes of CO2 equivalents.



Table 2 Estimated Annual Energy consumption, cost (A$) and GHG emissions for the site

DESCRIPTION KWhs/Yr Cost (A$)/yr EMMISSIONS (tonnes of CO2 e)

Gas (cooking & Water heating) 3774.62 766.08 3.06 Kitchen Appliances 943.07 483.56 0.76 Other Appliances 990.90 508.09 0.80 Lighting 379.23 194.45 0.31 Standby 215.47 110.48 0.17 Total 6303.29 2,062.67 5.10

The indirect emissions from consumption of purchased energy (electricity and gas) was then calculated using the formula [6].

=

(i)

Where

Y = the scope 2 emissions measured in CO2-e tonnes

Q = the quantity of electricity purchased (kilowatt hours)

EF = the scope 2 emission factor, for the State, Territory or electricity grid in which the consumption occurs (kg CO2-e per kilowatt hour). This value is 0.81 for Queensland.

NB: Natural gas, the energy was purchased in Mega Joules and was converted to kWh

4.2 Seasonal Patterns for Energy Use Energy made easy online tool was used to model the electricity consumption benchmark (average household electricity usage) for the localised zone of the site for a household of 4 family members including children [7] and this is illustrated in Figure 2 below. This presents a typical energy usage for the site over a period of one year through the seasons.



Figure 2 Average household electricity usage per quarter for a typical house in the zone of the energy audit site

4.3 Energy Use by Application A keen observation of Figure 3 below shows that 60% of the energy consumption goes towards water heating and cooking both of which use natural gas. Although Natural gas is cheaper than electrical energy by 31 cents per kilowatt hour equivalent, this component of energy use constitutes the most expensive application in the house gobbling A$766.06 per annum. Worse still, it contributes the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions amounting to 3.06 tonnes of CO2 equivalent as seen from Table 2 above.

1,800

1,820

1,840

1,860

1,880

1,900

1,920

1,940

1,960

1,980

Summer (Dec -

Feb)

Autumn (Mar-May) Winter (Jun-Aug) Spring (Sep-Nov)

Usa

ge

pe

r p

eri

od

(kW

h)

Period of use

Average household electricity usage per

period for QLD 4114 Zone



Figure 3 Proportion of energy usage by application in the house

Other appliances constitute the next major consumer of energy (16%) and the highest consumer of electrical energy in the home. These constitute an array of appliances used in all the rooms in the house. The next significant consumption of energy in the house is by kitchen appliances such as fridge, microwave and rice cooker which take up 15% of the total energy consumption in the home.

4.4 Energy Usage Monitoring The only tools available on the site for monitoring the energy usage are the electricity meter and the gas meters. The readings from these meters are taken regularly (quarterly for electricity and bi-monthly for gas) by the utility retailers. Availability of such data would be useful in plotting the daily energy usage pattern for the home, in the absence of which it is not possible to second guess what the daily consumption profile would be.

4.5 Energy Usage Assumptions In taking the energy usage of the appliances, a generous estimation was made as to the time of use of each appliance per day. This enabled the computation of the average usage pattern for the appliances as well as the cost of energy thereof. An estimation of the time

of use of the appliances were made because there was no concise way of determining such times except through the observed behaviour of the householders.

Kitchen

Appliances, 15%

Other

Appliances,

16%

Lighting, 6%

Standby, 3%

Gas (cooking &

Water heating),

60%



5.0 Audit Measures and Calculations

5.1 Cooking and water heating The energy usage for this component of the energy audit was derived from the actual bill for the period 4th February 2015 to 27th March 2015 [52 days]. It turned out to constitute the greatest component of the energy consumption in the house accounting for 60% of all the energy used annually. This indicates greatest potential for energy management opportunities within this component as identified in section 6.0 below.

5.2 Kitchen appliances Measurements for power usage were taken for the appliances in the kitchen by use of the standard socket power meter. The appliances were plugged onto the power meter and then turned on, the power drawn by the appliances was then recorded. All the data required was obtained for all the four appliances grouped in this category as shown in Table 5 below. The daily energy use was then computed by multiplying the measured power that the appliance draws with the estimated time of use per day.

5.3 Other Appliances The power usage by other appliances in the home was also taken using the standard power meter. The house does not have so many appliances, therefore it was not very difficult obtaining the measurements for these other appliances. There were two sets of hard wired appliances namely the ceiling fans and the toilet exhaust fans for which the energy use were deducted from the power ratings of the equipment as per the user guides.

5.4 Lighting The lux measurements for all the lights in the house were taken using the lux meter. The

lights were switched on and with the lux meter places strategically on the table, readings were taken noting the appropriate adjustment for the required range of reading. The readings for the power consumption for the lighting systems were obtained either from the body of the light sources themselves or from the datasheets of the light sources. All the data obtained were tabulated in Table 7 below.

5.5 Bill Details The householders are new tenants to the site under audit. There were only two bills available for this audit and those were the bills for electricity [76 days] and gas [52 days]. The figures in the bills were ascertained by comparison with the relevant tariff structure



from the utilities and confirmed to be accurate for the purpose of this audit. The relevant sections of these bills are presented in Figure 5 and Figure 6 respectively.

5.6 Standby power

Electrical appliances in homes consume some energy when left in standby mode or even when switched off. Although this kind of energy consumption would look insignificant at the household level, it becomes greatly significant when aggregated at national level [8]. It thus forms an energy management opportunity especially in developed countries [5]. In Australia, field studies have shown that standby power accounts for 11.6% of energy used in a household [8].

There are possibly several methods of calculating the power consumed by appliances on standby mode. In this exercise, two possibilities are considered, the first was to calculate standby power consumption based on 10% of the rated power of the appliance [9] and the second method was using an online standby power computation tool by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [10]. Table 3 presents the results of both methods.

In a 24 hour period, the refrigerator is considered to draw power to run the compressor for half the time while it would be on standby for the other 12hours [5].

Table 3 Estimated standby energy consumption for appliances and the cost per year

COMPUTED ESTIMATED1 APPLIANCE Rated Power (W) kWh/Yr Cost/Yr kWh/Year Cost/Yr TV 97 84.972 43.57 342.00 38.00 Refrigerator 305 30.5 15.64 236.52 26.28 Microwave 1000 100 51.28 162.00 18.00 Total 215.47 110.48 740.52 82.28

It should be noted that the computed values for standby power were preferred and used in this audit report as the origin of the formula was based in Australia and hence more appropriate for the site being audited. The estimated values use a tool from the united states of America which could have adopted different parameters.

1 Estimates were obtained using the online tool from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory



6.0 Energy Management opportunities It is acknowledged that all electrical appliances were designed for a specific use or set of uses. As equipment and appliances age, their efficient operation reduces in terms of meeting the needs of primary design and so does their efficient utilisation of power. Energy management opportunities are thus geared towards reducing the level of energy use by an equipment or set of equipments while still maintaining the level of use for that equipment. Figure 4 below gives a snapshot of the methodology adopted in arriving at the Energy Management Opportunities from this audit exercise.

Figure 4 Flow chart for the identification of EMOs [3] The identified energy management opportunities were grouped into three categories based on the cost investment level needed as well as the period of implementation. Those that involved minimal or no cost investment and took shorter implementation time were recommended to be prioritised.

1.1 Category I No cost investment This category of EMOs require no cost investment at all and do not interfere with the normal operation of the home. It generally involves behavioural changes. The identified EMOs in this category include the following;



a) Taking shorter time in the shower that is reducing the time it takes to shower per person from 10 minutes to 4 minutes a day. This could be aided by the use of a timer set at 4 minutes.

b) Turning off yard lights and other lights and equipment when not in use

1.2 Category II Low cost investment This category of EMOs require minimal cost investment and may have minor to the normal operation of the home. It generally involves behavioural changes. The identified EMOs in this category include the following;

a) Changing the Halogen incandescent lamps to the more energy efficient compact fluorescent lamps [11].

b) Investing in standby power management devices for the TV and refrigerator so as to reduce the standby power consumption to the national target of one watt per appliance [12].

c) Replacing the standard shower head with an energy efficient shower head that would reduce the flow rate of water during the time of showering hence reducing the quantity of heated water used and consequently the energy that would have been consumed in heating that water.

1.3 Category III High cost investment This category of EMOs require high cost investment and has major alteration with the normal operation of the home. The identified EMOs in this category involves investment in renewable energy system such as solar water heating system to supplement the natural gas as a source of energy for the water.

The current water heating system is a Rheem water Model No. 31N090 of 90 litre capacity. It consumes 30MJ/hour of gas and has an output power of 6.1KW. A 1.5kW unit of solar water heating system would cost approximatel A$3,950/= , with an annual energy savings of 2071kWh it would result in an annual cost saving of $341 will result in a payback period of 11.6 years.

7.0 Recommendations and Summary for Energy Reduction Table 4 below gives a summary of the recommended energy reduction actions and the potential savings. The actions target the energy management opportunities highlighted in section 6.0 above and more particularly on the items that comprise the use of gas as it



constitutes the largest energy consuming component in the house. In this area, the main

recommendation is behavioural change in the bathroom which would involve the reduction of showering time from 10 minutes per person to4minutes per person per day. This could potentially save 1216.67kWh of energy annually. In addition, an investment in an energy saving shower head could go a long way in reducing the amount of water used during the shower time and hence the amount of energy that would have been used in heating that water.

Table 4 Recommended energy usage reduction actions and potential savings

TYPE OF Appliance NO. kWh/yr

TOTAL kWh/yr

ACTION W TOTAL kWh/yr

Savings (kWh/yr)

Kitchen Halogen Energy Saver 1 106.85 106.848

Use CFL 18 36.288 70.56

Living Room

Halogen Energy Saver 1 106.85 106.848

Use CFL 18 36.288 70.56

Standby Power TV 1 84.972 84.972

1 watt initiative 1 8.76 76.21

Standby Power Refrigerator 1 30.5 30.5


Standby Power Microwave 1 100 100


Bathroom Hot water (bathing) 1 2027.8

Reduce shower time from 10 to 4 minutes per person 1 811.11 1216.67

Total 2456.95 Total 909.97 1546.98

7.1 Gas (Cooking and water heating) Cooking and water heating is observed to constitute the greatest component of energy use in the house accounting for 60% of all energy consumption as seen in Figure 3. This indicates that this component provides the greatest energy management opportunity in the house.

Given that cooking is an essential element of life in the house, the major area of focus for energy management would be the water heating component. The recommendation here would be two fold, one involving behavioural changes and the other involving minor investments. On behavioural changes, it would be wise to reduce the time taken to take a



shower to a shorter time. This can be limited to the time it takes to soap up, wash down and rinse. A shower timer may be used to manage the shower time to just four minutes. This would go a long way in reducing the hot water used in the shower. Secondly, installing an energy efficient shower head rather than the standard one would save water and by extension the energy required to heat large amounts of water that would otherwise have been used during the shower.

7.2 Other Recommendations Though they look relatively insignificant, the power consumed by appliances in the house when on standby mode constitutes 3% of the total energy used in the house. If the one watt per appliance initiative is adopted, this could result in a saving of almost 200kWh per annum. If this is aggregated per residential zone, or even nationally, it could make a great saving on the environment and the economy.

Further recommended actions involve the replacement of the less efficient halogen incandescent lamps with the more efficient Compact fluorescent lamps which provide similar luminaire.

To reduce the usage of energy in the house, the household already uses coin laundry for washing cloths and drying them in the sun (during summer) instead of using home laundry machine and electric dryer. These are energy efficient ways whose benefits have not been computed and incorporated in the report as they were already in place. Furthermore using natural light to illuminate the house as much as possible also helps reduce dependence on light sources to illuminate the house..

8.0 References

[1] O. o. E. a. Heritage. "NABERS HOME Rating Calculator," 04/05; http://www.nabers.com.au/HomeCalculator/.

[2] E. E. O. Section, "Energy Efficiency Opportunities Program Industry Guidelines," E. a. T. Department of Resources, ed., Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, 2011.

[3] O. o. E. Efficiency, "Energy Savings Toolbox An Energy Audit Manual and Tool," N. R. Canada, ed., Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation (CIPEC), 2008.



[4] S. Stegen, "Energy Audit Lecture Notes," School of Engineering, Griffith University, 2015.

[5] P. A.-D.-V. Raj, M. Sudhakaran, and P. P.-D.-A. Raj, Estimation of standby power consumption for typical appliances, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 71-75, 2009.

[6] D. o. t. Environment, "National Greenhouse Accounts Factors," D. o. t. Environment, ed., Department of the Environment, 2014.

[7] A. AER. "Average household electricity usage," 04/05, 2015; https://www.energymadeeasy.gov.au/bill-benchmark/results/4114/4.

[8] B. Mohanty, Standby Power Losses in Household Electrical Appliances and Office Equipment, in Regional Symposium on Energy Efficiency Standards and Labelling, Bankok, Thailand, 2001.

[9] E. R. Program. "Standby power | Energy Rating," 04/05, 2015; http://www.energyrating.gov.au/about/other-programs/standby-power/.

[10] A. Meier. "Standby Power : Data," 04/05, 2015; http://standby.lbl.gov/summary-chart.html.

[11] M. M. Trevor Stork FIES, "The Basics of Efficient Lighting," W. Department of the Environment, Heritage and the Arts, ed., National Framework for Energy Efficiency (Australia), 2010.

[12] E. a. T. Department of Resource, "E3 Consultation RIS: Standby Power," E. a. T. Department of Resource, ed., Equipment Energy Efficiency (E3) Program, 2011.

[13] Q. Government, "Queensland Development Code Mandatory Part 4.1Sustainable buildings guideline," D. o. L. G. a. Planning, ed., Department of Local Government and Planning, 2011.


9.0 Appendix

9.1 Measured data and other computations Table 5 Measured power (W) and estimated energy consumption for the appliances in the house2

ROOM APPLIANCE QNTY WATTS

(W) HOURS

USED/DAY HOURS ON STANDBY

kWh/ DAY

kWh/ WK

kWh/ MONTH

kWh/ QTR

kWh/ YR

Living Room LG 32" TV 1 97.0 4.0 20 0.3880 2.72 10.86 32.59 130.37 Super Woofer Speaker 1 5.5 4.0 0 0.0220 0.15 0.62 1.85 7.39 Broadband Modem 1 5.3 24.0 0 0.1272 0.89 3.56 10.68 42.74

Kitchen Rice Cooker (Black & Decker) 1 648.5 1.3 0 0.8647 6.05 24.21 72.63 290.53 Microwave (LG MS1949G/00) 1 1166.7 0.5 0 0.5834 4.08 16.33 49.00 196.01 Fridge (Centrex CTF360A(S)) 1 101.9 24.0 2.4456 17.12 68.48 205.43 821.72 Vacuum cleaner 1 1427.4 0.1 0 0.1359 0.95 3.81 11.42 45.68

Gas (cooking & Water heating)3 1 11.234 78.64 314.55 943.65 3774.62

Bathroom Hair clipper (Remington HC-824) 1 6.9 0.2 0 0.0012 0.01 0.03 0.10 0.39 Hair Dryer (Boston 08/4B) 1 1461.9 0.3 0 0.4873 3.41 13.64 40.93 163.73

Main Bedroom Ceiling Fan (ACES 48AL) 1 65.0 3.0 0 0.1950 1.37 5.46 16.38 65.52

Phone charger - Sony 1 8.0 2.0 0 0.0160 0.11 0.45 1.34 5.38 Phone charger - S4 1 7.8 2.0 0 0.0156 0.11 0.44 1.31 5.24 Phone charger - S3 1 6.1 2.0 0 0.0122 0.09 0.34 1.02 4.10 Ipad 1 charger 1 24.0 1.0 0 0.0240 0.17 0.67 2.02 8.06 Ipad 2 charger 1 22.3 1.0 0 0.0223 0.16 0.62 1.87 7.49

Kids Bedroom Ceiling Fan (ACES 48AL) 1 65.0 3.0 0 0.1950 1.37 5.46 16.38 65.52

2 The actual average energy consumed per day for the period 4th February to 20th April 2015 was 3.92kWh [See Figure 5]

3 Energy usage per day was computed from actual natural gas bill. 1kWh = 3.6MJ [See Figure 6]



ROOM APPLIANCE QNTY WATTS

(W) HOURS

USED/DAY HOURS ON STANDBY

kWh/ DAY

kWh/ WK

kWh/ MONTH

kWh/ QTR

kWh/ YR

Study Ceiling Fan (ACES 48AL) 1 65.0 3.0 0 0.1950 1.37 5.46 16.38 65.52 Laptop 1 1 68.3 10.0 0 0.6830 4.78 19.12 57.37 229.49 Laptop 2 1 64.2 5.0 0 0.3210 2.25 8.99 26.96 107.86

Laundry Kitchen Master (KMS1200)- Iron 1 1226.2 0.2 0.2044 1.43 5.72 17.17 68.67

Toilet Exhaust fans 2 40.0 1.0 0 0.0400 0.28 1.12 3.36 13.44 TOTAL 16.99 118.93 475.72 1,427.15 5,708.59

Table 6 Estimated cost of energy consumed by the appliances in the home

ROOM APPLIANCE QNTY COST/DAY COST/WK COST/MNTH COST/QTR COST/YR Living Room LG 32" TV 1 0.20 1.39 5.57 16.71 66.85

Super Woofer Speaker 1 0.01 0.08 0.32 0.95 3.79 Broadband Modem 1 0.07 0.46 1.83 5.48 21.91

Kitchen Rice Cooker (Black & Decker) 1 0.44 3.10 12.41 37.24 148.97 Microwave (LG MS1949G/00) 1 0.30 2.09 8.38 25.13 100.50 Fridge (Centrex CTF360A(S)) 1 1.25 8.78 35.11 105.34 421.34 Vacuum cleaner 1 0.07 0.49 1.95 5.86 23.42

Gas (cooking & Water heating)4 1 2.28 15.96 63.84 191.52 766.08

Bathroom Hair clipper (Remington HC-824) 1 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.20 Hair Dryer (Boston 08/4B) 1 0.25 1.75 7.00 20.99 83.95

Master BR Ceiling Fan (ACES 48AL) 1 0.10 0.70 2.80 8.40 33.60 Phone charger - Sony 1 0.01 0.06 0.23 0.69 2.76 Phone charger - S4 1 0.01 0.06 0.22 0.67 2.69 Phone charger - S3 1 0.01 0.04 0.18 0.53 2.10

4 The cost of Energy per day was computed from actual natural gas bill. Cost Natural gas consumed per day = A$2.28



ROOM APPLIANCE QNTY COST/DAY COST/WK COST/MNTH COST/QTR COST/YR

Ipad 1 charger 1 0.01 0.09 0.34 1.03 4.13

Ipad 2 charger 1 0.01 0.08 0.32 0.96 3.84 Kids Bedroom Ceiling Fan (ACES 48AL) 1 0.10 0.70 2.80 8.40 33.60 Study Ceiling Fan (ACES 48AL) 1 0.10 0.70 2.80 8.40 33.60

Laptop 1 1 0.35 2.45 9.81 29.42 117.67

Laptop 2 1 0.16 1.15 4.61 13.83 55.30 Laundry Kitchen Master (KMS1200)- Iron 1 0.10 0.73 2.93 8.80 35.21 Toilet Exhaust fans 2 0.02 0.14 0.57 1.72 6.89 Total 5.23 36.62 146.48 439.43 1,757.74

Table 7 Measured illumination for lights in the house

LOCATION TYPE OF LIGHT NO. Watt TOTAL

Watt

LUX (Lumen per sqr

meter) REQUIRED

LUX[13] Front entrance Halogen 1 53 53 85.6 40 Garage Fluorescent tube 1 36 36 93.4 80 Living room Halogen Energy Saver 1 53 53 39.4 80 Dining E-Star CFL 1 18 18 51.4 80 Kitchen Halogen Energy Saver 1 53 53 49.6 160 Laundry E-Star CFL 1 18 18 162.8 160

Toilet 1 Genie Fluorescent tube 1 18 18 62.5 80

Backyard Floodlight 1 150 150 212 40 Stairway LED 1 12.5 12.5 22.8 40 Toilet 2 E-Star CFL 1 15 15 112.1 80 Bathroom Fluorescent slimline 1 10 10 31.4 80 Master bedroom

Fluorescent T2 mini twist 1 11 11 14.1 80



LOCATION TYPE OF LIGHT NO. Watt TOTAL

Watt

LUX (Lumen per sqr

meter) REQUIRED

LUX[13] Study E-Star CFL 1 18 18 28.5 320 Bedroom E-Star CFL 1 18 18 25.6 80

Total 14 484 483.5

Table 8 Energy consumed by the lighting system

LOCATION TYPE OF LIGHT NO. Total power (W)

Hours Used/day KWhs/Day KWhs/Wk KWhs/Month KWhs/QTR KWhs/Yr

Front entrance Halogen 1 53 1 0.0530 0.37 1.48 4.45 17.81 Garage Fluorescent tube 1 36 2 0.0720 0.50 2.02 6.05 24.19

Living room Halogen Energy Saver 1 53 6 0.3180 2.23 8.90 26.71 106.85

Dining E-Star CFL 1 18 0.67 0.0120 0.08 0.34 1.01 4.03

Kitchen Halogen Energy Saver 1 53 6 0.3180 2.23 8.90 26.71 106.85

Laundry E-Star CFL 1 18 1 0.0180 0.13 0.50 1.51 6.05

Toilet 1 Genie Fluorescent tube 1 18 0.5 0.0090 0.06 0.25 0.76 3.02

Backyard Floodlight 1 150 0.25 0.0375 0.26 1.05 3.15 12.60 Stairway LED 1 12.5 6 0.0750 0.53 2.10 6.30 25.20 Toilet 2 E-Star CFL 1 15 0.5 0.0075 0.05 0.21 0.63 2.52

Bathroom Fluorescent slimline 1 10 0.67 0.0067 0.05 0.19 0.56 2.24

Master bedroom

Fluorescent T2 mini twist 1 11 2 0.0220 0.15 0.62 1.85 7.39

Study E-Star CFL 1 18 8 0.1440 1.01 4.03 12.10 48.38 Bedroom E-Star CFL 1 18 2 0.0360 0.25 1.01 3.02 12.10 Total 1.13 7.90 31.60 94.81 379.23



Table 9 Annual energy consumption and cost (A$) for unit 68/17 Marlow Street, Woodridge DESCRIPTION KWhs/Day KWhs/Wk KWhs/Month KWhs/QTR KWhs/Yr Cost/Day Cost/Wk Cost/Mnth Cost/Qtr Cost/yr Kitchen Appliances 2.81 19.65 78.59 235.77 943.07 1.44 10.07 40.30 120.89 483.56 Other Appliances 2.95 20.64 82.58 247.73 990.90 1.51 10.59 42.34 127.02 508.09 Lighting 1.13 7.90 31.60 94.81 379.23 0.58 4.05 16.20 48.61 194.45 Standby 0.64 4.49 17.96 53.87 215.47 0.33 2.30 9.21 27.62 110.48 Gas (cooking & Water heating) 11.23 78.64 314.55 943.65 3774.62 2.28 15.96 63.84 191.52 766.08 Total 18.76 131.32 525.27 1575.82 6303.29 6.14 42.97 171.89 515.67 2,062.67



9.2 Utility bills

Figure 5 Electricity bill for U68, 17 Marlow street for the period 4th February to 20th April 2015



Figure 6 Natural Gas bill for U68, 17 Marlow street for the period 4th February to 27th March 2015



Table 10 NABERS HOME Rating Summary Report

Postcode 4114People in home 4Weeks unoccupied 0Electricity 2,529 kWh paGreenPower 0 %Natural Gas 13,589 MJ pa

Greenhouse gas emissions 3,210 kgCO2 pa

What the Rating means: The average NABERS Rating is 2.5 stars. More stars indicate better environmental performance. A 3 star home is above average, 4 stars is excellent and 5 stars is exceptional.

The NABERS HOME Energy Rating is 5 stars i.e. Top performer. This means the home is a market leader, using less energy than most similar homes. This is likely to be because of smart house design, smart operation and smart choices of energy sources.

home energy audit report

Documents

energy use

summary of energy consumption

energy usage assumptions

energy usage monitoring

woodridge site energy

eng energy audit report

water heating

audit measures