hodgkin

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Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Symptoms

• Painless swelling of lymph nodes in your neck, armpits or groin

• Persistent fatigue

• Fever and chills

• Night sweats

• Unexplained weight loss — as much as 10 percent or more of your body weight

• Loss of appetite

• Itching

• Increased sensitivity to the effects of alcohol or pain in your lymph nodes after

drinking alcohol

Causes

• occurs when an infection-fighting cell (B cell) develops a DNA mutation

• cells divide rapidly.

• large number of oversized, abnormal B cells to accumulate in the lymphatic system,

o -crowd out healthy cells

Types

Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma

• common

• large, abnormal cells called Reed-Sternberg cells in their lymph nodes.

• Subtypes

o Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma

o Mixed cellularity Hodgkin's lymphoma

o Lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin's lymphoma

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o Lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin's lymphoma

Lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma

large, abnormal cells that are sometimes called popcorn cells

Risk factors

• age. 15 and 30, > 55.

• f hx of lymphoma.

• sex. Males

• Past Epstein-Barr infection.

• weakened immune system. HIV/AIDS or from having an organ transplant

(requiring medications to suppress the immune response)

Tests and diagnosis

• Physical exam. swollen lymph nodes, including in your neck, underarm and

groin, spleno/hepatomegaly

• Blood tests.

• Imaging tests. X-ray, CT scan, PET

• Surgery to remove a swollen lymph node. Minor surgery

• bone marrow biopsy

Stages of Hodgkin's lymphoma include:

• Stage I. The cancer is limited to one lymph node region or a single organ.

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• Stage II. two lymph node regions or the cancer has invaded one organ and the

nearby lymph nodes. But the cancer is still limited to a section of the body either

above or below the diaphragm.

•

Stage III. When the cancer moves to lymph nodes both above and below thediaphragm ; one portion of tissue or an organ near the lymph node groups or in the

spleen.

• Stage IV. in several portions of one or more organs and tissues. Affects other

parts of your body, such as the liver, lungs or bones.

Categories:

• A = no significant symptoms as a result of the cancer.

• B = significant signs and symptoms (persistent fever, unintended weight loss or

severe night sweats)

Complications

Pancytopenia (deficiency of all three cellular components of the blood (red

cells, white cells, and platelets)

Nausea

infection

Treatments

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Chemotherapy (se:nausea and hair loss; complications: heart damage, lung

damage, fertility problems and other cancers, such as leukemia.)

Radiation (skin redness and hair loss, fatigue during; heart disease, stroke, thyroid

problems, infertility and other forms of cancer, such as breast or lung cancer)

Stem cell transplantreplace BM

hodgkin

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