hiv h.pylori apoptosis
TRANSCRIPT
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8/19/2019 HIV H.pylori Apoptosis
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Hubungan HIV dan apoptosis
Mekanisme kunci: apoptosis sel CD4 yang sehat → immunodiefsiensi
Gambar ! "aktor yang mempengaruhi #usogensitas $kemampuan #usi%HIV &n' yang menyebabkan apoptosis sel tetangga! (otensi #usogenglikoprotein HIV &n' tidak hanya ditentukan oleh subtype HIV tetapi )uga stadium penyakit* kadar ekspresi dari HIV co+reseptor di sel ,CD4- pada indi'idu yang terin#eksi dan penggunaan obat yangmenargetkan en'elope 'irus! Mekanisme kompleks dari #aktor di atasmenentukan potensi &n' #usogen yang dimana menentukan kematiansel , CD4- di sekelilingnya! (roses kematian sel , pada in#eksi HIVdia.ali dengan interaksi &n' glikoprotein pada sel yang terin#eksi
dengan reseptor/ko+reseptor dengan sel tetangganya! Interaksi ini bisamenyebabkan #usi penuh kedua sel yang membentuk syncytia* bisamenyebabkan )uga #usi yang aborti# sehingga ter)adi hemi#usi! 0eduaproses akan beru)ung pada kematian sel mele.ati apoptosis!
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Hubungan Helicobacter pylori dan apoptosis
H! pylori dapat mengatur apoptosis epitel gaster mele.ati beberapa
mekanisme!Following adherence, signalling by the cag secretion system (but not CagA per se) leads toactivation of an unknown factor(s) X that leads to activation of nuclear factor- B (F- B)! F- B
translocates to the nucleus to activate transcri"tion of "ro-a"o"totic genes! H. pylori can also inducea"o"tosis by stimulating e#"ression of FA$ and its ligand (FA$%)! &he H. pylori "rotein urease can
induce a"o"tosis by binding to class '' maor histocom"atability com"le# (*C) molecules! &he H. pylori vacA gene "roduct causes mitochondrial release of cytochromec (cyt c ), which leads toactivation of cas"ase-+ and a"o"tosis! H. pylori also activates "athways that downregulatea"o"tosis! H. pylori binding to the e"ithelial-cell surface generates arachadonic acid, which is
metabolied to "rostaglandin . (/0.) and "rostaglandin 12-deo#y 1.,13-4. (12d-/04.) by
cycloo#ygenase (C5X) enymes! &hese enymes are inhibited by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs ($A'6s)! 12d-/04. is an endogenous ligand of "ero#isome "roliferator-activated rece"tor-
(//A7 ), a nuclear hormone rece"tor that heterodimeries with the retinoid (7A7) family ofnuclear rece"tors to activate transcri"tion of target genes! &hese gene "roducts inhibit F- B
activation, however, "reventing a"o"tosis! &he C5X-generated metabolite /0. also attenuatesa"o"tosis! $o,H. pylori has the ca"acity to stimulate and inhibit gastric e"ithelial-cell a"o"tosis,which might influence the risk of gastric carcinogenesis!