History and ApproachesUnit 2 AP PSYCHOLGY

Timeline Assignment• Using the Psychology Timeline handout you are to

create a visual graphic of what you believe to be the most important developments in psychology throughout history.

• You must chose what you think are the 10 most significant events from the timeline and create a graphic illustrating each event.

• FCAs1. Chose 10 most important events 5 pts each

(explain why on the back of the page. 50pts. You won’t get the points if there is no explanation on the back.

2. Graphic illustration included for each one 10 pts.

Fakebook Assignment

Structuralism Functionalism Gestalt Psych Behaviorism PsychoanalysisWilhelm Wundt William James Max Wertheimer John B. Watson Sigmund Freud

Edward Titchener

John DeweyJames Angell 

  B.F. Skinner Carl Jung

Instead of me telling you everything about these guys and their contributions, you are going to present to the class information regarding your research. Which means you will need to do that said research. You are required to provide the following:A detailed history of the person(s) you were given. – You only have to pick one of them.

Time/setting of the eraFamily historyEtc.

Detail on the type of approachHow it startedMeaningHow it was usedHow it can still apply

 You are going to create a Facebook page for your psychologist.

Fakebook• 1 day to research • 1 day to create.• I day for Speed dating.

Speed Dating• Give each student a name (they randomly selected out of a hat), its okay to have

a two of each if needed.  If they are “dating” themselves, they just make sure their information is “spot on” and discuss others they’ve met.  In the selection process, we did a reminder of random assignment and that we are sampling the entire population.  Have them bring:

•   • 1. A note card (or note card size paper) with the essential information on it.  The

psychologist’s name, details of their research and/or importance, what school of thought (cognitive, behaviorist, psychoanalytic) if appropriate, etc.  Basically, it’s a cheat-sheet to ensure students cover all relevant info and correctly representing themselves.

•   • 2. A prop of some kind with you to represent your research.  For example, Phil

Zimbardo -- the prison study (among many others) could bring a guy behind bars (made out of clay, a picture, a drawing) for Pavlov a stuffed dog with a jingle bell, etc....  Be creative.  They were great with this… Barbara Ainsworth had a shoebox labeled “strange situation “ with a mini mom, doll, stranger and some toys inside, Harry Harlow had a stuffed monkey, Freud had a great pipe, etc.

•   • 3. Paper and pen to make notes during/after the interview

How did structuralism and functionalism differ? 6

Psychology began as a science of its own in Germany in 1879 with the establishment of Wundt's psychology laboratory.

He develop the technique of objective introspection – involves the process of objectively examining and measuring one’s own thought and mental activities

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3wjHWyf11s

How did structuralism and functionalism differ? 6

Titchener, a student of Wudnt, brought psychology in the form of Structuralism to America. • Structuralism is focused on studying the structure of the

mind.• Structuralism died out in the early 20th Century. • Margaret F. Washburn, a student of Titchener was the first

woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology in 1894 and published The Animal Mind.

How did structuralism and functionalism differ? 6

Willam James and Functionalism• James proposed a countering point of view called

functionalism, in which the way the mind allows us to adapt is stressed.

• Functionalism is influenced the modern fields of educational psychology, evolutionary psychology and industrial/organization psychology.

What were the basic ideas and who were the people behind the early approaches? 9

Gestalt“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.”• Wertheimer and others studied sensation and

perception, calling it their new perspective Gestalt psychology.

• Gestalt principles influenced cognitive psychology and future psychotherapy techniques.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sq-7Fvdeij8

What were the basic ideas and who were the people behind the early approaches? 9

Sigmund Freud's Theory of Psychoanalysis• Freud proposed that the unconscious mind controls much of our conscious behavior in his theory of psychoanalysis. •Modern Freudians like Anna Freud, Jung and Adler changed the emphasis in Freud's original theory into a kind of new-Freudianism.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0w0db2zR7Q

What were the basic ideas and who were the people behind the early approaches? 9

Pavlov, Watson and the Dawn of Behaviorism•Watson proposed a science of behavior called behaviorism, which focused only on the study of observable stimuli and responses. •Much of his work was based on Ivan Pavlov’s discovery of classical conditioning. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hBfnXACsOI

•Watson and Raynor demonstrated that a phobia could be learned by conditioning a baby (little Albert) to be afraid of a white rat. Due to the ethical concerns about this study, it would never be replicated. •Mary Cover Jones later demonstrated that a learned phobia could be counter conditioned.

What are the basic ideas behind the seven modern perspectives? 13

Behavioral Perceptive•Skinners’ operant condition of voluntary behavior became a major force in the 20th century. •He introduced the concept of reinforcement to behaviorism.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_ctJqjlrHA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6eU5dLR-78

Humanism – focus on free will and the human potential for growth, was develop by Maslow and Rogers as a reaction to the deterministic nature of behaviorism and psychoanalysis. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25WPHw5uBJI

What are the basic ideas behind the seven modern perspectives? 13

Cognitive Perceptive•Cognitive psychology is the study of learning, memory, language, and problem solving. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5

Sw0a2NS810

What are the basic ideas behind the seven modern perspectives? 13

Sociocultural PerceptiveThe sociocultural perspective actually combines social psychology and cultural psychology.

What are the basic ideas behind the seven modern perspectives? 13

Biopsychological PerceptiveBiopsychology emerged as a study of the biological bases of behavior. Hormones, brain chemistry, brain structure and diseases are the focus of this perspective.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLbR5-bYjBI

What are the basic ideas behind the seven modern perspectives? 13

Evolutionary Perceptive• The principles of evolution and knowledge we currently have about evolution are used in this perspective to look at the way the mind works and why it works as it does. • Behavior is seen has having and adaptive or survival value.

Outrageous Personality Approaches• Although all psychologists explore issues of behavior and

mental processes, researchers in the field can approach these issues from multiple perspectives. The perspectives addressed in your text- neuroscience, evolutionary, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, and social-cultural – are complementary. Each contributes to our understanding of how organisms think, feel, and act.

• Below are some of the issues that are of interest to psychologist working from all perspectives. For each of these examples, describe how psychology’s seven perspectives would approach the area of study. What are questions that psychologists from these perspectives might ask?

Outrageous Personality Approaches• Choose the most outrageous celebrity you can

think of, past or present. Provide a short list of some of the outrageous behaviors this person has exhibited. Explain these behaviors from the point of view of each major psychological perspective.

• Example: Dennis Rodman• Neuroscience: Perhaps he has a high level of

estrogen that makes him feel as though he should wear women’s clothes.

Quiz• Pass out Quiz