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Questions: 12 Pages: 20 ©Copyright for part(s) of this examination may be held by individuals and/or organisations other than the Tasmanian Qualifications Authority.

Tasmanian Certificate of Education

HEALTH STUDIES

Senior Secondary

Subject Code: HLT315113

External Assessment

2013

Time: Three Hours

On the basis of your performance in this examination, the examiners will provide results on each of the following criteria taken from the course statement: Criterion 1 Demonstrate an understanding of health and the factors that influence

the health of individuals. Criterion 2 Analyse factors influencing the health status of a population. Criterion 3 Identify and profile health issues, and demonstrate understanding of

preventative, curative and treatment strategies. Criterion 7 Analyse and interpret health related data and information.

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Health Studies

CANDIDATE INSTRUCTIONS You MUST ensure that you have addressed ALL of the externally assessed criteria on this examination paper. There are THREE sections to this paper. You must attempt ALL sections. You must attempt THREE questions from each section. Section A: You must answer BOTH Questions 1 and 2 and EITHER Question 3 OR Question 4,

but not both. Section B: You must answer BOTH Questions 5 and 6 and EITHER Question 7 OR Question 8,

but not both. Section C: You must answer BOTH Questions 9 and 10 and EITHER Question 11 OR Question

12, but not both. There are THREE criteria being assessed in each section. You must ensure that your answer reflects the criterion being assessed. NOTE: Within each question, dot points are not necessarily equal in value. It is recommended that candidates spend approximately 60 minutes on each section. Use a separate answer booklet for each section. You are reminded that final ratings may be adversely affected by poor spelling and expression. You may answer the sections of this paper in any order. All responses must be in English.

Health Studies

SECTION A – Personal Health

Answer THREE questions from this section. You must answer BOTH Questions 1 and 2 and EITHER Question 3 OR Question 4. You should spend approximately 60 minutes on this section. Use a separate answer booklet for this section. This section assesses Criteria 1, 2 and 7.

Section A continues over the page.

Health Studies

Section A (continued) Question 1 (10 minutes) This question assesses Criterion 7. Graph 1 below shows the total number of drowning deaths by sex and Australian state/territory and crude rate of drowning death, for a one year period 2011/2012.

Graph 1 – Australian drowning figures

(Source: adapted from http://www.royallifesaving.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/4002/2012-Drowning-Report.pdf) Use the information contained in Graph 1 to answer the following questions. (a) Which state/territory had: (2 marks)

(i) the least total number of drowning deaths? (ii) the highest number of female drowning deaths?

(b) In which state/territory is an individual most likely to drown? (1 mark) (c) Compare the male and female drowning figures for one state/territory with those of another

state/territory. Use data in your answer. (3 marks)

Question 1 continues opposite.

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ACT NSW NT QLD SA TAS VIC WA

Males Females Crude Rate per 100 000 population

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Question 1 (continued) Graph 2 shows the number of unintentional drownings in Australia from 2002/2003 to 2011/2012. It also shows crude drowning rates and a five-year average.

Graph 2 – Australian unintentional drowning figures

(Source: adapted from http://www.royallifesaving.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/4002/2012-Drowning-Report.pdf) Use the information contained in Graph 2 to answer the following questions. (d) Examine the figures for 2006/2007 and 2011/2012. What accounts for the fact that the crude

drowning rates for these years seem similar even though the total numbers of drowning deaths appear quite different? (2 marks)

(e) Using data for the total number of drowning deaths, determine from which five consecutive

years the five-year average was taken. (2 marks)

Section A continues over the page.

Tota

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Crude rate per 100 000 population

Crude rate per 100 000 population Total number of deaths

321 299 293 301

261 263

295 308 310

284

287

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Section A (continued) Question 2 (20 minutes) This question assesses Criterion 2. Adolescents are seen as a group who take risks with their personal health: • Explain how risk taking can be positive, challenging and rewarding. (5 marks) • Using examples, describe how various personal skills could be used by adolescents to manage

risk and maintain safety in a group situation. (15 marks) Answer: EITHER Question 3 OR Question 4 Question 3 (30 minutes) This question assesses Criterion 1. For a personal health issue of your choice: • Discuss the evidence that supports that this is an issue. (5 marks) • Describe how this issue may affect physical, social and mental/emotional health. (10 marks) • What impact does this personal health issue have on the family, community and government? (15 marks) Question 4 (30 minutes) This question assesses Criterion 1. For a personal health issue of your choice: • Give examples of what has been done previously or is currently in practice in the community in

regards to this issue. (10 marks) • Explain strategies young people could use to advocate for their personal needs to be met in

relation to this issue. (10 marks) • Suggest what a young person could do to seek help and access support in relation to this issue. (10 marks)

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SECTION B – Australia’s Health


Section B continues over the page.

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Section B (continued) Question 5 (10 minutes) This question assesses Criterion 7. Graph 3 shows the Indigenous infant mortality rate (WA, SA and NT, 1991–2010).

Graph 3 – Indigenous infant mortality rate (WA, SA, NT)

(Source: adapted from http://www.health.gov.au/indigenous-hpf) Use the information contained in Graph 3 to answer the following questions. (a) What is the general trend in the Infant Mortality Rate for this Indigenous population

over 1991–2010? Provide relevant data. (2 marks) Table 1 shows the causes of infant death for Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians for the period 2006–2010.

Table 1 – Causes of infant death in Australia

Cause of death: Number of deaths Rate per 1000 live births Indigenous non-Indigenous Indigenous non- Indigenous

Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 268 1948 4.1 2.0 Congenital malformations 85 1026 1.3 1.0 Signs, symptoms & ill-defined conditions 77 378 1.2 0.4 SIDS (subcategory of Signs, symptoms etc) 40 263 0.6 0.3 Injury and poisoning 24 120 0.4 0.1 Diseases of the respiratory system 21 95 0.3 0.1 Diseases of the circulatory system 16 74 0.2 0.1 Infectious and parasitic diseases 14 52 0.2 0.1 Other conditions 28 262 0.4 0.3 Total 533 3955 8.1 4.0

(Source: adapted from http://www.health.gov.au/indigenous-hpf)


Indigenous WA, SA and NT 1991–2010

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 Year

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Question 5 (continued) Use the information contained in Table 1 to answer the following questions. (b) Compare the Infant Mortality Rates per 1000 live births for Indigenous and non-Indigenous

Australians. Support your answer with data. (2 marks) (c) What causes the greatest number of infant deaths? Support your answer with data. (2 marks) Graph 4 shows the required trajectory to Close the Gap in Life Expectancy between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal females in NSW in 2006.

Graph 4 – Predicted Life Expectancy of NSW females

(Source: adapted from http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/pubs/2012/aboriginalhealthreportcar.html) (d) What does Graph 4 suggest the difference in Life Expectancy of non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal

females will be in 2016? (1 mark) (e) Consider the trends in Graph 4. In what year do these trends suggest Aboriginal and

non- Aboriginal female Life Expectancies will be equal? What does this prediction assume? (3 marks)

Section B continues over the page.

Year

Required: Aboriginal females

Predicted: non-Aboriginal females

Health Studies

Section B (continued) Question 6 (20 minutes) This question assesses Criterion 1. The Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) has 19 automatic smoke monitors throughout the state of Tasmania. The EPA, in conjunction with Asthma Tasmania, is looking at sending alerts via Facebook and Twitter to the 60 000 Tasmanians with asthma when a predetermined trigger point is reached. The aim is to warn them where and when a particular pollution problem has become critical to their health. This is one example of how an initiative or use of technology can affect an individual’s health. Give an example of an initiative or technological advance and the effects, positive and/or negative, that it may have on the health of an individual in Australia. Discuss one of the Social Justice Principles in relation to this. (20 marks) Answer: EITHER Question 7 OR Question 8 Question 7 (30 minutes) This question assesses Criterion 3. The Federal, State and Local Governments all play a role in regards to National Health Priority Areas (NHPAs). Select one NHPA and: • Discuss and provide evidence for why it is a priority health issue. (10 marks) • Discuss two strategies a Government (at any level) has implemented in regard to prevention,

cure and treatment. (20 marks) Question 8 (30 minutes) This question assesses Criterion 3. There are a number of groups within Australia who experience inequalities in regards to their health status. • For one of these groups, outline the nature and extent of the inequality that exists and why these

have arisen. (10 marks) • Choose two of these groups. For each group discuss a strategy currently being used to reduce the

inequality. (20 marks)

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SECTION C – Worldwide Health


Section C continues over the page.

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Section C (continued) Question 9 (10 minutes) This question assesses Criterion 7. Using the information below, answer the question that follows.

Figure 1 – Number of people who die from Malaria per 1000 population in selected African countries

(Source: adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2012/feb/03/malaria-deaths-mortality) (a) Using information contained in Figure 1, determine which named country had the highest rate of

death due to Malaria per 1000 population. (2 marks)


Health Studies

Question 9 (continued)

Graph 5 – Malaria deaths by age

(Source: adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2012/feb/03/malaria-deaths-mortality) Use the information contained in Graph 5 to answer the following questions. (b) Which age group has the highest number of deaths due to Malaria? (1 mark) (c) What are the main trends in the total number of deaths due to Malaria between the

years 1980 and 2010? Support your answer with data. (2 marks)

Question 9 continues over the page.

Health Studies

Question 9 (continued) Graph 6 shows the percentage of children sleeping under an insecticide-treated net (ITN) in African countries that were surveyed more than once in the period 1999–2009.

Graph 6 – Use of ITNs in selected African countries 1999–2009

(Source: http://www.who.int/malaria/world_malaria_report_2010/worldmalariareport2010.pdf)

Use the information contained in Graph 6 to answer the following questions. (d) Which country in the period between the first and second surveys has had: (i) the greatest increase in the percentage of children sleeping under an Insecticide Treated

Net (ITN)? What is the difference in the percentage between the two surveys? (1 mark) (ii) the least increase in the percentage of children sleeping under an ITN? What is the

difference in the percentage between the two surveys? (1 mark) (e) Outline the trend in the use of ITNs in Africa. (1 mark) (f) Select two countries that were surveyed in the same two years and compare their survey results. (2 marks)

Section C continues opposite.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 percentage

Sao Tome and Principe, 2000, 2009

Rwanda, 2000, 2008

Gambia, 2000, 2006

Kenya, 2000, 2009

Madagascar, 2000, 2009

Zambia, 1999, 2008

Togo, 2000, 2006

Guinea-‐Bissau, 2000, 2006

Ethiopia, 2005, 2007

Uganda, 2000, 2009

Senegal, 2000, 2009

Ghana, 2003, 2008

Sierra Leone, 2000, 2008

Tanzania, 1999, 2008

Malawi, 2000, 2006

Mozambique, 2007, 2008

Benin, 2001, 2006

Cameroon, 2000, 2006

Central African Republic, 2000, 2006

Burkina Faso, 2003, 2006

Burundi, 2000, 2005

Niger, 2000, 2006

Democratic Republic of Congo, 2001, 2007

Nigeria, 2003, 2008

Cöte d’lvoire, 2000, 2006

Swaziland, 2000, 2007

First survey

Second survey

Health Studies

Section C (continued) Question 10 (20 minutes) This question assesses Criterion 3. Select one disease or illness that is a major cause of morbidity and/or mortality in Less developed Countries. • State how an individual may develop this disease or illness. (5 marks) • Discuss strategies that may be implemented to decrease the incidence of this disease or illness.

Ensure you comment on at least two components of Primary Health Care in your answer. (15 marks)

Section C continues over the page.

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Section C (continued) Answer: EITHER Question 11 OR Question 12 Question 11 (30 minutes) This question assesses Criterion 2. Select a Less Developed Country (LDC) and explain its progress on two Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). For each goal: • if that goal has not yet been met, suggest what can or should be done. OR • if that goal has already been reached or is appearing achievable, discuss what the country has

implemented to achieve this success. (15 marks per goal – total: 30 marks) Question 12 (30 minutes) This question assesses Criterion 2. Every year, emergency aid is being given to Less developed Countries in response to a flood, drought, earthquake or the like. • Discuss the effects natural disasters can have on the health of populations in Less developed

Countries. Where possible comment on components and indicators of health. (10 marks) • For one natural disaster, discuss two examples of emergency aid which would be needed and

explain how this aid would influence the health of the population. (20 marks)

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BLANK PAGE

Health Studies

This question paper and any materials associated with this examination (including answer booklets, cover sheets, rough note paper, or information sheets) remain the property of the Tasmanian Qualifications Authority.

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