ByMintGamGapWarmMix

Brain structure

Located in the

mesencephalon

(midbrain)

It is part of the basal

ganglia.

Importance role:

movement

Subsaintia Nigra

Functions:

Controls Voluntary

Movement

Produces the

Neurotransmitter

Dopamine

Regulates Mood

Subsaintia nigra

Hormone and

neurotransmitter of

the catecholamine

and Phenethylamine

families

A chemical released

from nerve cells to

communicate to other

nerve cells in our

body.

Helps to control our

body and emotion

Functions as a

neurotransmitter

Main function:

inhibit the release of

prolactin from the

anterior lobe of the

pituitary.

Other Functions:

behavior and

cognition, voluntary

movement, motivation,

punishment and

reward, sleep, mood,

attention, working

memory, and learning.

Neurons that produces

dopamine in substancia

nigra stop functioning.

The brain is unable to

control patient’s

movement, including

automatic pilot, and

emotion.

Patients will have

problems

Standing straight

Walking

Writing

Grabbing objects

Speaking

Mood

Behavior

Sleep difficulty

Hallucinations

Alternative causes

Some drugs such as

antipsychotics for paranoia

and schizophrenia can

cause patients other

sickness such as Shy-

Danger syndrome, blood

vessel disorders

Environmental factors are

not confirmed that they

take important roll of PD,

but scientists suggested

that rural livings that have

a problem of drinking

water, manganese, and

pesticides are the main

cause of PD.

Complications of PD

Suffer from

schizophrenia and some

personality disorders.

Patients’ appearances

became worse when

they can’t stand up

straight for a long time.

Genetic inheritance

PD rarely makes patient’s child suffer from PD by his/her own parents.

Some genes of PD is autosomal dominant, some are recessive.

Inheritance of PD rarely occurs from parent to child.

Even if it happens, recessive genes will not show unless 2 genes of both parents are both affected.

And PD diseased genes are also really hard to develop, so PD has a very small chance of inheriting from parent to child.

In 1991 when Michael J.

Fox working on Doc

Hollywood, he notice in

his left little finger was

tremor and that is first

time diagnosis will be

Parkinson’s

Symptom : His entire left

side tremor

He took Sinemet (levodopa-

carbidopa medicine

combination) to make him

move smoothly again.

Levodapa pretends to work

as dopamine.

Corbidopa works like a guard

of levodopa and prevents it to

break down during

transportation.

He also had a brain surgery

to take out tremors because

the cells that originally

produces dopamine died.

1991 first diagnose with

Parkinson’s (left little

finger twitch)

1999: Announce to battle

Parkinson

2001: Start cure for

Parkinson

2010: brain surgery

• Improved

• ways to do rehabilitation

• psychological interventions

• Increased understanding

• Genetic factors

• Relationship between genes and

environment

• nerve growth factors and their role in

PD

http://www.michaeljfoxdatabase.com/a

bout-michael-j-fox-2/michael-j-fox-

timeline/

http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/mic

hael-j-fox--2

http://www.michaeljfoxdatabase.com/a

bout-michael-j-fox-2/michael-j-fox-

timeline/

http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/mic

hael-j-fox--2

http://www.medicinenet.com/script/mai

n/art.asp?articlekey=7579

REFERENCES