haussmannization
TRANSCRIPT
HAUSSMANNIZATIONTIME PERIOD : 1853-1870 (HAUSSMANN PERIOD)
1870-1927(POST HAUSSMAN PERIOD)
RESAONS OF HAUSSMANNIZATION:
• In the middle of the 19th century, the center of PARIS was OVERCROWDED, DARK, DANGEROUS, and UNHEALTHY. In word of Victor Considerant wrote: "Paris is an immense workshop putrefaction, where misery, pestilence and sickness work in concert, where sunlight and air rarely penetrate. Paris is a terrible place where plants shrivel and perish, and where, of seven small infants, four die during the course of the year.“
• Densely populated that was 3m2 per pupil. Major reason for cholearaepidemic in year of 1832-1848. this took life of about 5% population of just 3rd Arrondissement.
• Traffic circulation was another major problem.
• Incapability of streets to cater to military expeditions, i.e. to crush the revolts.
• Failing of proposal’s by Quatremere de Quincy in 18th century after French revolution.
• Downfall of Napoleon Bonaparte.
• Rise of Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III).
• Failure of Berger la prefect de Seine.
• New policies for expropriating the land.
PHASES IN HAUSSMANNIZATION
HAUSSMANN PERIOD:
1. Phase I (1853-1859): George Eugene Haussmann appointed as Prefect of Seine. Working on principle of “aérer, unifier, et embellir”.
2. Phase II (1859-1867): Haussmann planned to connect interiors of Paris with wider boulevards.
3. Phase III (1860-1870): Haussmann planning new annexed land.
POST HAUSSMAN PERIOD:
• In year of (1870-1927): His works were completed with his principles
Pre-Haussmannization
1.Narrow streets : Crowded with low ventilation and epidemic prone area.
2.River Bievre: used as sewer disposal which was connected to Siene river.
HAUSSMANNIZATION STARTS
DEVELOPMENT IN HAUSSMANN PERIOD
PHASE I : 1853-1859
REMARKABLE FEATURES
• The Grand Cross Roads: Connecting east-west & north-south. Major street developed were : 1. Rue de Rivoli.
2. Rue Saint-Antoine. 3. Boulevard Strasbourg.4. Boulevard Sebastopol.5. Boulevard Michel.
• Built Hotels: Grand Hotel du Louvre.
• Built New Squares with theatre: Fontaine du Palmier.
• Built Gardens: Bois de Boulogne.
East -West
North- South
FOUNTAIN WITH FRESH WATER
CROSS ROADS
PHASE II : 1859- 1867
• The construction of a large new square, place du Chateau-d'Eau.
• The new railroad stations.
• Huge new Parks being constructed on the edge of the city.
• Two new government buildings, the Tribunal de Commerce and the Prefecture de Police, were built.
• Planned to construct 26.294 km of new avenues and streets
ARRONDISSEMENTS
PHASE III : 1869 - 1870
• The renovation of the gardens.
• Building a new rue de Châteaudon and clearing the space around the church of Notre-Dame de Lorette.
• The construction of twenty eight kilometers of new boulevards.
• Constructing new avenues and streets on annexed land.
• Downfall due to extensive works.
POST HAUSSMAN PERIOD : 1870-1927
• Completion of the Paris Opera.
• Completion of boulevard Saint-Germain.
• Completion of avenue de l'Opera.
• Completion of boulevard Henri IV.
• Completion of avenue de la Republique.