hardware and software concepts
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Management Information Systemsby Sahil Raj
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Chapter 6
Hardware and SoftwareConcepts RegardingInformation Systems
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After going through this chapter, you should be able to
understand:
Importance of computer.
Various computer generations. In depth knowledge of the various subparts of computer.
Various input and output devices.
Application of operating system.
Need for programming languages.
Introduction
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The computer is an electronic device which helps in theconversion of data into information. This conversion is
done by proper processing of data.
Computer
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lingKindersley(India)Pvt.Ltd.
Speed Accurate
Reliability
Management of Information
Artificial Intelligence
Consistency
Up gradation
Cost Cutting
Characteristics of Computer
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lingKindersley(India)Pvt.Ltd.
First Generation
Second Generation
Third Generation
Fourth Generation
Fifth Generation
Computer Generations
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Hardware
Software
Main Components of Computer
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Input Unit
CPU
o Memory Unit
o
Control Unito ALU
Output Unit
Structure of Computer
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Input Unit
Memory Unit
Control Unit
ALU
OutputDevices
InputData
Output
Information
CPU
Organization of Computer
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The memory unit plays very crucial role in processing of
the data. Memory unit stores the data which are then
accessed by ALU for processing.
Memory Unit
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The main memory of the computers can be divided intotwo parts
1. Primary Memory Unit
2. Secondary Memory Unit
Types of Memory Unit
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The primary memory is further classified as follows:
Random Access Memory (RAM): RAM is a
temporary memory used for storage of data.
Read Only Memory (ROM): The contents or data
saved in the ROM are permanent.
Primary Memory
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lingKindersley(India)Pv
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Punched Cards VDU
Keyboard
Mouse
Joy Stick
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
Optical Bar Reader (OBR)
Optical Character Reader (OCR)
Light Pen
Input Devices
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Hard Copy Devices
Soft Copy Devices
Output Devices
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Operating Systems
The operating systems are set of instructions thatmanage the functions of a computer and all theoperations of the peripheral devices attached to thecomputer.
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Batch Operating Systems
Interactive Operating Systems
Multiprogramming Operating Systems andMultiprocessing Operating Systems
Multi-User Operating Systems
Virtual Storage Operating Systems
Types of Operating Systems
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Processors
Processors are used for converting differentprogramming languages into the machine levellanguage.
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Assembler
Interpreters
Compilers
Types of Processors
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Programming Languages
The programming languages are used to giveinstructions to the computer.
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Machine Level Language
Assembly Language
High Level Language
Fourth Generation Language
Types of Programming Languages
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Thank You.