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This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication
reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any
use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Relating International qualifications to the EQF – the Welding case
RAINBOW June 2017
GUIDELINE OF EWF METHODOLOGY FOR WRITING
THE LEARNING OUTCOMES
Project Ref.: ERASMUS + KA3: 576125-EPP-1-2015-1-BE-EPPKA3-TRANS-SQ
RAINBOW –Guideline of EWF Methodology for writing the Learning Outcomes ERASMUS + KA3: 576125-EPP-1-2015-1-BE-EPPKA3-TRANS-SQ
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INDEX
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 4
The EWF Approach ................................................................................................. 5
EWF approach into practice ..................................................................................... 8
Example for Welding Coordinators’ Qualifications: EWE, EWT, EWS and EWP .... 15
TABLE INDEX
Table 1. QUALIFICATION DESCRIPTORS - Table with a general definition of the
Knowledge-K (“theoretical and factual” background), Skills-S (cognitive and practical
capabilities to apply) and Competences-C (autonomy and responsibilities) the
qualification will grant. The KSC descriptors used are in line with the EQF
qualification levels descriptors. ............................................................................................ 9
Table 2. COMPETENCE UNIT - The qualification is structured into Competence
Units that will provide a certain level of Knowledge, Skills and Competences to
perform tasks and responsibilities. The Performance Criteria describes the
(Knowledge, Skills and Competences) ............................................................................ 11
Table 3. MODULE - Describes the expected learning outcomes (knowledge and
skills), making the use of preferential active verbs......................................................... 13
Table 4.. Active Verbs - Additional verbs to be used according to the complexity of the
qualification and specific context. ......................................................................................... 14
Table 5. QUALIFICATIONS DESCRIPTION - General description of the European
Welding Engineer (EWE), European Welding Technologist (EWT), European
Welding Specialist (EWS) and the European Welding Practitioner (EWP)
qualifications according to the European Qualifications according to the EQF ......... 15
Table 6. QUALIFICATION COMPETENCE PROFILES - Professional standards vs
expected learning outcomes. The cross-reference table demonstrates the
relationship between the tasks and responsibilities of the professional profiles and
the learning outcomes to be achieved under each Competence Unit. ....................... 16
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Table 7. COMPETENCE UNIT - Describes the performance criteria broke down
from the tasks and responsibilities presented in the previous table, which are
covered by the Competence Unit 4 – “Fabrication, Applications Engineering”. The
Competence Unit table also illustrates the expected learning outcomes for the
Competence Unit 4 according to the EQF level. ............................................................ 18
Table 8- REFERENCE TABLE FOR MODULE 4.1. ...................................................... 23
Table 9- Learning outcomes of Module 4.1. - Introduction to Quality Assurance in
Welded Fabrication. ............................................................................................................ 24
Table 10. Reference table for Module 4.2. ..................................................................... 27
Table 11. LEARNING OUTCOMES OF MODULE 4.2- Quality Control during
Manufacture.......................................................................................................................... 28
Table 12. REFERENCE TABLE FOR MODULE 4.3 .................................................... 33
Table 13. Learning outcomes of Module 4.3 – Residual Stress and Distortion. ........ 34
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Introduction
This document is intended to be a guideline for writing learning outcomes in the EWF
(European Federation for Welding, Joining and Cutting) existing and upcoming qualifications.
The International Education, Training, Qualification and Certification System managed by
EWF, is a harmonised scheme for the education, training and examination of personnel
involved in welding, joining and related technologies. The EWF system is used in 30 European
countries, covering all EU members, and has a worldwide recognition as International
qualification system.
The EWF system started in 1992 with the development of Guidelines for the higher level
(International Welding Engineer Qualification) and has since then been developed to
encompass all professional levels of welding.
The EWF Qualification and Certification system is an open system that ensures that any
person, anywhere in the world, has unrestricted access to education, training, qualification and
certification in welding and related technologies, in accordance with international standards,
(e.g. ISO, CEN, etc) for different professional Profiles.
At the moment, 46 countries are using the EWF/IIW qualifications and certifications, in a total
with 44 Authorised Nominated Bodies (ANBs), 683 Authorised Training Bodies (ATBs), and
26 Authorised National Bodies for Companies Certification (ANBCCs). The network also
includes 55.000 companies worldwide.
The envisioned action for EWF to embrace the shift into a Learning Outcomes (LOs) approach
is for enhancing the:
• EWF qualifications design;
• Design of teaching/learning units (e.g. modules);
• Assessment of standards;
• Quality assurance/ accreditation.
This document is divided into three sections, which are:
• EWF Approach;
• EWF Approach into practice;
• Example for Welding Coordinators’ Qualifications.
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The EWF Approach
The example that will be presented in the following pages was conceived to review the EWF’s
core and most mature qualifications, which are the “Welding Coordination”, fully described in
the guideline IAB-252r3-16 (issued by EWF/International Authorisation Board of the
International Institute of Welding). The guideline encompasses 4 different professional profiles
also referred in the international standards ISO 17431, which are the:
- European Welding Engineer (EWE);
- European Welding Technologist (EWT);
- European Welding Specialist (EWS);
- European Welding Practitioner (EWP).
The guideline is structured in 4 Competence Units composed by smaller learning units
(modules). The Competence Unit are the following:
1. Welding Processes and Equipment;
2. Materials and their Behaviour during Welding;
3. Construction and Design;
4. Fabrication, Applications Engineering.
Writing LOs for theses qualifications has been a quite challenging quest due to the:
- Absence of a common European guideline/format according to the European
Qualifications Framework (EQF);
- Good uptake by the EWF members of the welding coordinators guideline in force,
which has a specific syllabus structure;
- Guideline comprehends a wide scope of professional profiles and levels (EWE, EWT,
EWS, EWP);
- Most of the professional tasks and responsibilities are shared among the 4
professional profiles, being distinguished by the level of complexity of the welded
constructions (ranging from any type of construction to basic specific works), in which
these professionals are required to coordinate. See table 6.
- Most of the scope/topics and learning objectives are common to the 4 qualifications
(following-up on the previous statement). See tables 8, 10 and 12.
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The methodology developed has been based upon a research (trial path) build-up on the next
sequence of 15 steps:
1º - Self-declared assignment of EQF levels for the 4 qualification profiles, being the
EWE aligned to level 7, EWT to level 6, EWS to level 5 and EWP to level 4.
2º - Description of each qualification profile (based on professional standards and on
the EQF general descriptors). See table 6.
3º - Writing of the Action + Performance criteria + Competence Unit of LOs (having as
reference the tasks and responsibilities mentioned in ISO 14731).
4º - Writing different LOs at module level for each qualification, using specific verbs
and adverbs to distinguish the profiles (having as reference the revision of Blooms’
Taxonomy1).
5º - Updating the module level (whenever teaching hours and scope are the same,
the alignment is done having as reference the lowest level (e.g. EWE/EWT = EQF6;
EWS/EWP = EQF4). See rule in table 3.
6º - Revision of the LOs (same LOS for EWE/EWT = EQF6; EWS/EWP = EQF4).
7º - Estimation of student workload (WL) by welding experts and trainers.
8º - Allocation of European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training
(ECVET) points to the qualification, competence unit and to each module.
Figure 1 – 1 to 8 steps for assigning the EQF level to the qualifications
1 Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D.R. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: a Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy
of Educational Objectives. Abridged Edition: Boston, MA.
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9º - Revision of module level (majority of module levels/LOs determines the
qualification level).
10º - New revision of the LOs.
Figure 2 – 9 to 10 steps for assigning the EQF level to the qualifications
11º - Involvement of EWF experts in the revision and evaluation of the LOs (Working
Group and Technical Committee).
12º - Evaluation of the LOs by European experts in the EQF and the ECVET.
13º - Validation of the LOs by external independent organisations (National Authorities
and Industry).
14º - Validation of the LOs by EWF Working Group.
15º - Final version of the LOs.
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Figure 3 – 11 to 15 steps for assigning the EQF level to the qualifications
EWF approach into practice
A set of templates were designed to characterise the welding coordinators’ qualifications,
namely, Qualifications general description, the Competence Units and the respective Modules
and these templates are supported with detailed instructions on how to fill them in. It also
includes a list of preferential verbs to be used according to the complexity of the qualification
and specific context (table 3).
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Table 1. QUALIFICATION DESCRIPTORS - Table with a general definition of the Knowledge-K (“theoretical and factual” background), Skills-S (cognitive and practical capabilities to apply) and Autonomy and Responsibility -C (previously defined as Competences) the qualification will grant. The KSC descriptors used are in line with the EQF qualification levels descriptors.
QUALIFICATIONS DESCRIPTION
QUALIFICATION KNOWLEDGE SKILLS AUTONOMY AND RESPONSABILITY EQF
LEVEL WORKLOAD
(hours)
EUROPEAN WELDING ENGINEER
7
EUROPEAN WELDING TECHNOLOGIST
6
EUROPEAN WELDING SPECIALIST
5
Key-words: Highly specialised and forefront knowledge including original thinking, research and critical assessment.
Key-words: Highly specialised problem- solving skills including critical and original evaluation.
+ in complex and unpredictable
conditions.
Key-words: Manage and transform
+ in a highly complex context
+ Act as the full responsible person for the definition and
revision.
To be defined by training and
welding experts.
Key-words: Advanced knowledge
and critical understanding.
Key-words: Advanced problem-solving skills
including critical evaluation
+
in complex and unpredictable
conditions
Key-words: Manage
+ in a highly complex context
+ Act autonomously as the responsible person for the decision
making and the definition.
Key-words: Specialised, factual and theoretical knowledge.
Key-words: Specialised range of cognitive
and practical skills. +
in common/regular problems.
Key-words: Manage and supervise common or standard
+
in an unpredictable context
+
Take responsibility with limited autonomy for decision making in common or standard work.
To be defined by training and
welding experts.
To be defined by training and
welding experts.
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EUROPEAN WELDING PRACTITIONER
.
4
Key-words: Fundamental factual and theoretical knowledge.
Key-words: Fundamental range of cognitive
and practical skills
+
in basic and specific problems.
Key-words: Self-manage within the guidelines of work
+
in a predictable context, but subject to change
+
Take responsibility without autonomy for decision making in basic work and supervise basic tasks.
To be defined by training and
welding experts.
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Table 2. COMPETENCE UNIT - The qualification is structured into Competence Units that will provide a certain level of Knowledge, Skills and Autonomy and Responsability to perform tasks and responsibilities. The Performance Criteria describes the (Knowledge, Skills and Autonomy and Responsibility)
COMPETENCE UNIT DESCRIPTION
QUALIFICATION
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
KNOWLEDGE SKILLS AUTONOMY AND RESPONSABILITY EQF
LEVEL
WORKLOAD
(Hours)
EUROPEAN WELDING ENGINEER
7
EUROPEAN WELDING
TECHNOLOGIST
6
EUROPEAN WELDING
SPECIALIST
5
Steps to be taken to master a professional action and that are linked to each Competence Unit.
Key-words: Highly specialised and forefront knowledge including original thinking, research and critical assessment.
Key-words: Highly specialised problem- solving skills including critical and original evaluation.
+ in complex and unpredictable
conditions.
Key-words: Manage and transform
+
in a highly complex context
+
Act as the full responsible person
for the definition and revision.
Key-words: Advanced knowledge
and critical understanding.
Key-words: Advanced problem-solving skills
including critical evaluation.
+
in complex and unpredictable
conditions.
Key-words: Manage
+
in a highly complex context
+
Act autonomously as the
responsible person for the
decision making and the
definition.
Key-words: Specialised, factual and theoretical knowledge.
Key-words: Specialised range of cognitive and
practical skills. +
in common/regular problems.
Key-words: Manage and supervise common
or standard
+
in an unpredictable context
+
Take responsibility with limited autonomy for decision making in
common or standard work.
To be defined by
training and
welding experts.
To be defined by
training and
welding experts.
To be defined by
training and
welding experts.
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EUROPEAN WELDING
PRACTITIONER
4
Key-words: Fundamental factual and theoretical knowledge.
Key-words: Fundamental range of cognitive and
practical skills
+
in basic and specific problems.
Key-words: Self-manage within the guidelines
of work
+
in a predictable context, but
subject to change
+
Take responsibility without autonomy for decision making in
basic work and supervise basic
tasks.
To be defined by
training and
welding experts.
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Table 3. MODULE - Describes the expected learning outcomes (knowledge and skills), making the use of preferential active verbs.
Qualification EQF Level
WL (hours)
KNOWLEDGE
SKILLS
EUROPEAN WELDING ENGINEER
6/7
EUROPEAN WELDING
TECHNOLOGIST 6
EUROPEAN WELDING
SPECIALIST 4/5
EUROPEAN WELDING
PRACTITIONER 4
*For additional verbs, please check table 6
Rule: Whenever the scope is common between the qualifications+ same teaching hours + common expected results = Same EQF level and same LOs. (E.g. EWE/EWT
= EQF6; EWS/EWP = EQF4). Whenever either the scope or teaching hours or expected results are different = Different EQF level and different LOs. (E.g. EWE =
EQ7; EWT = EQF6; EWS = EQF5; EWP = EQF4).
Remark: Skills and competences of a higher order might also be used for qualifications of lower levels, being not exclusively addressed for higher levels of qualification.
Complex mental operations can also occur at more basic levels, although related to more predictable and controlled situations/environments. This implies that the same
verbs / actions can be used in different profiles / EQF levels, nevertheless, it is expected that complex actions and deep though prevail at higher level.
Remark: Use only one active verb per statement.
Preferential verbs: Exemplify, compare, explain, infer, relate, produce, check, assess, criticise, judge, apply, make use, predict, discuss, solve, create, decide
+ add: in detail, critically
Preferential verbs: Exemplify, compare, explain, infer, interpret, relate produce, check, assess, criticise, judge, apply, make use, conclude, differentiate, adapt, decide
Preferential verbs: List, describe, classify, correspond, associate, identify, organise, check categorise, select, respond, choose
+ add: most common, simple / basic
Preferential verbs: Recognise, outline, recall, define, correspond, associate, identify,
check, organise, use, carry out, categorise, choose
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Table 4. ACTIVE VERBS - Additional verbs to be used according to the complexity of the qualification and specific context.
Table 4.. Active Verbs - Additional verbs to be used according to the complexity of the qualification and specific context.
Adapted from Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D.R. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: a Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Abridged Edition: Boston,
MA.
LOWER ORDER THINKING SKILLS HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS
REMEMBERING UNDERSTANDING APPLYING ANALYZING EVALUATING CREATING
Define Identify List Name Recall Recognise
Clarify Classify Compare Contrast Exemplify Explain
Illustrate
Infer Interpret Outline Relate Represent Summarise Translate
Carry out Choose Develop Execute Implement Make use of Plan Provide Respond Select Solve Use
Analyse Attribute
Categorise Differentiate Discriminate Distinguish Focus Integrate Organise Select
Assess Check Coordinate Criticise Decide Determine Evaluate Judge Monitor Predict Recommend Reflect Test
Adapt Assemble Combine Compile Create Design Develop Discuss Elaborate Generate Modify Plan Produce Solve Test
Remark: the selection of the action verb shall be made according to the complexity of the qualification level/profile & specific context.
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Example for Welding Coordinators’ Qualifications: EWE, EWT, EWS and EWP
Table 5. QUALIFICATIONS DESCRIPTION - General description of the European Welding Engineer (EWE), European Welding Technologist (EWT), European Welding Specialist (EWS) and the European Welding Practitioner (EWP) qualifications according to the European Qualifications according to the EQF
QUALIFICATIONS DESCRIPTION
QUALIFICATION KNOWLEDGE SKILLS AUTONOMY AND RESPONSABILITY EQF LEVEL
WORKLOAD
(hours)
EUROPEAN WELDING ENGINEER
Highly specialised and forefront knowledge including original thinking,
research and critical assessment of theory, principles and applicability of
welding related technologies.
Highly specialised problem- solving skills including critical and original evaluation,
allowing to define or develop the best technical and economical solutions, when
applying welding processes and related technologies, in complex and
unpredictable conditions.
Manage and transform the welding processes and related technologies in a highly complex context.
Act as the full responsible person for the definition and revision of the welding and related personnel’s tasks.
7
EUROPEAN WELDING TECHNOLOGIST
Advanced knowledge and critical understanding of the theory,
principles and applicability of welding and related technologies.
Advanced problem-solving skills including critical evaluation, allowing to choose the
proper technical and economical solutions, when applying welding and related
technologies, in complex and unpredictable conditions.
Manage the applications of welding and related technologies in a highly complex context.
Act autonomously as the responsible person for the decision making and the definition of the welding and
related personnel’s tasks.
6
EUROPEAN WELDING SPECIALIST
Specialised, factual and theoretical knowledge
of the theory, principles and applicability of the welding and related
technologies.
Specialised range of cognitive and practical skills, allowing to develop solutions or
choose the appropriate methods, when applying welding and related technologies,
in common/regular problems.
Manage and supervise common or standard welding applications and related technologies, in an
unpredictable context. Take responsibility with limited autonomy for decision making in common or standard work and supervise the
welding and related personnel’s tasks.
5
EUROPEAN WELDING PRACTITIONER
Fundamental factual and theoretical knowledge of the theory, principles and applicability of the welding and related
technologies.
Fundamental range of cognitive and practical skills required to identify/choose proper solutions, when applying welding
and related technologies, in basic and specific problems.
Self-manage within the guidelines of work, the applications of welding and related technologies, in a
predictable context, but subject to change. Take responsibility without autonomy for decision making in
basic work and supervise basic tasks of welding and related personnel.
4
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Table 6. QUALIFICATION COMPETENCE PROFILES - Professional standards vs expected learning outcomes. The cross-reference table demonstrates the
relationship between the tasks and responsibilities of the professional profiles and the learning outcomes to be achieved under each Competence Unit.
Note: The statements regarding the actions/achievements, is defined/developed by the EWF working group that is developing the qualification guideline, or they
can be redraw from a standard that defines the tasks and responsibilities, as example the ISO 17431.
Cross-reference table of professional standards vs expected learning outcomes
Profiles & Construction complexity
Tasks and responsibilities
Competence Units of Learning Outcomes
EWE EWT EWS EWP* 1 2 3 4
Any type of construction
Low level Regular and common
Basic specific works
Welding
processes and
equipment
Materials and their behaviour
during welding
Construction and design
Fabrication, applications engineering
x x x 1. Review contract requirements; x x x x x x x 2. Perform and technically review the construction; x x x x x x x 3. Specify requirements and assessment protocol of
subcontracting activities; x x x x
x x x x 4. Specify, supervise and manage welding personnel; Supervise and monitor welding personnel; *
x
x x x x 5. Specify, validate and manage the means and equipment, including the calibration, if needed; Understand and supervise the proper means and equipment needed for the construction; *
x x
x x x x 6. Specify, develop, validate and manage a production plan; Monitor and implement a production plan; *
x x x x
x x x x 7. Specify, develop, evaluate and manage the welding procedures needed; Understand and implement welding procedures needed for the construction; *
x x x
x x x x 8. Specify, develop, evaluate and manage welding procedure specifications; Understand and implement welding procedure specifications;*
x
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x x x x 9. Specify, develop, evaluate and manage working instructions; Understand and implement working instructions; *
x x x
x x x x 10. Specify, validate and manage welding consumables; Monitor and supervise the proper use of welding consumables; *
x x x
x x x x 11. Specify, validate and manage base materials; Monitor and supervise the proper use of base materials; *
x x
x x x x 12. Specify, review, develop, evaluate, validate and manage an inspection testing plan; Understand, implement and monitor an inspection testing plan; *
x x
x x x x 13. Specify, develop, evaluate and manage post-weld heat treatments; Understand, implement, supervise and monitor post-weld heat treatments; *
x x
x x x x 14. Specify, review, develop, evaluate, validate and manage corrective actions to solve welded construction non-conformances; Implement, monitor and control corrective actions to solve welded construction non-conformances; *
x x x
x x x x 15. Specify, calibrate, evaluate, validate and manage measuring, inspection and testing equipment; Monitor the correct use of measuring, inspection and testing equipment;*
x x
x x x x 16. Specify, develop, evaluate, validate and manage processes of identification and traceability to be used in welding manufacturing; Understand, control and supervise processes of identification and traceability to be used in welding manufacturing; *
x
x x x x 17. Specify, develop, evaluate, validate and manage processes related to monitor and control of construction’s quality records; Collect, control, perform and supervise the processes related to monitor and control construction’s quality records. *
x
*The tasks marked with * are applicable only to the European Welding Practitioner (EWP), despite other are qualified to perform them as well.
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Table 7. COMPETENCE UNIT - Describes the performance criteria broke down from the tasks and responsibilities presented in the previous table, which are covered by the Competence Unit 4 – “Fabrication, Applications Engineering”. The Competence Unit table also illustrates the expected learning outcomes for the Competence Unit 4 according to the EQF level.
COMPETENCE UNIT DESCRIPTION
Competence Unit 4 – Fabrication, Applications Engineering
QUALIFICATION
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
KNOWLEDGE SKILLS AUTONOMY AND RESPONSABILITY
EQF LEVEL
WORKLOAD
(Hours)
EUROPEAN WELDING ENGINEER
1. - Review the product standard to be used, together with any supplementary requirements;
- Review the capability of the manufacturing organisation to meet the prescribed requirements;
2. - Review the parent material(s) specification and welded
joint properties; - Review the joint location with relation to the design
requirements; - Review the quality and acceptance requirements for welds; - The location, accessibility and sequence of welds, including
for inspection and non-destructive testing; - Consider other welding requirements;
- The dimensions and details of joint preparation and completed weld.
3. - Review the suitability of any subcontractor to comply with
the relevant clauses of ISO 3834; - Supervise and monitor the implementation of
subcontracting activities.
4.-Check the qualification of welders, welding operators, brazers and brazing operators certifications/approvals are in
conformance with contract requirements; - Specify and develop the needed certifications/approvals for
the welders, welding operators, brazers and brazing operators;
-Identify and manage personnel qualifications, needs and competences;
Highly specialised knowledge, original
thinking, research and critical assessment of
the principles and applicability concerning
the quality assurance and quality control
applied to welding and related technologies.
Highly specialised problem-solving skills,
including critical evaluation, allowing to define or develop the
best technical and economical solutions for quality assurance and quality control of
welded products in complex and unpredictable
conditions.
Manage and transform the
welding applications concerning the quality assurance and quality
control of welded products in a highly complex
context.
Act as the full responsible person for the definition of
the welding and related personnel’s tasks.
7
To be defined
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EUROPEAN WELDING
TECHNOLOGIST
- Supervise and monitor welders, welding operators, brazers and brazing operators according to the manufacturing
planning.*
5. - Specify and validate the suitability of welding equipment; - Specify, validate and manage auxiliaries and equipment
supply, identification and handling; - Specify, validate and manage personal protective
equipment and other safety equipment, directly associated with the manufacturing process;
- Supervise the correct use of auxiliaries and equipment; * - Supervise the correct use of personal protective equipment
and other safety equipment, directly associated with the manufacturing process;*
- Conduct basic equipment maintenance;*
6.- Make reference to the appropriate procedure specifications for welding and allied processes;
- Make reference to the sequence in which the welds are to be made;
- Analyse environmental conditions; - Specify the allocation of competent personnel;
-Specify equipment for preheating and post-heat treatment, including temperature indicators;
- Develop, evaluate and manage the arrangement for any production test.
- Supervise the proper implementation of the welding procedure specifications and the welding sequence. *
- Implement the arrangement for any production test. *
7.- Specify and develop the method and range of qualification of welding procedures against the contract requirements.
- Evaluate and manage method and range of qualification of welding procedures against the contract requirements; - Implement welding procedures against the contract
requirements. *
8.- Specify and develop welding procedure specifications, taking into consideration the range of qualification of welding
procedures and the contract requirements; - Evaluate and manage welding procedure specifications,
taking into consideration the range of qualification of welding procedures and the contract requirements.
Advanced knowledge
and critical understanding of the
principles and applicability concerning
the quality assurance and quality control
applied to welding and related technologies.
Advanced problem-solving skills including
critical evaluation, allowing to choose the proper technical and economical solutions for quality assurance and quality control of
welded products in complex and unpredictable
conditions.
Manage the applications concerning the quality assurance and quality
control of welded products in a highly complex
context.
Act autonomously as the responsible person for
decision making and the definition of the welding and related personnel’s
tasks.
6
To be defined
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EUROPEAN WELDING
SPECIALIST
- Implement welding procedure specifications, taking into consideration the range of qualification of welding
procedures and the contract requirements.*
9.- Develop and issue work instructions; - Evaluate and manage work instructions.
- Implement work instructions. *
10. – Specify, develop and validate the compatibility of the welding consumables;
- Specify, develop and validate the delivery conditions of the welding consumables;
- Specify and develop any supplementary requirements in the
welding material purchasing specifications;
- Develop working instructions dealing with the storage and
handling welding consumables; - Develop working instructions to perform batch testing; - Supervise the use in the construction of proper welding
consumables and handling.* - Monitor the needed actions to ensure the traceability. *
11.- Specify and develop any supplementary requirements in
the material purchasing specifications; - Specify and develop the type of inspection document for the
material; - Specify the weldability of the materials to be used;
- Develop working instructions dealing with the storage and handling of parent material;
- Ensure the traceability of the material and documentation. - Supervise the use in the construction of proper base
materials and handling. * - Monitor the needed actions to ensure the traceability. *
12. Inspection and testing before welding:
- Assess the suitability and validity of welders’ and welding operators’ certificates;
- Assess the suitability of the welding procedure specification; - Check the quality/classification of the parent material;*
- Check the quality/classification of welding consumables;* - Verify joint preparation fit-up, jigging and tacking;*
Specialised, factual and theoretical knowledge of
the theory, principles and applicability
concerning the quality assurance and quality
control applied to welding and related
technologies.
Specialised range of cognitive and practical
skills, allowing to develop solutions or
choose the appropriate methods for quality assurance and quality control of welded products on
common/regular problems.
Manage and supervise common or standard
applications concerning the quality assurance and quality control of welded
products in an unpredictable context.
Take responsibility with
limited autonomy for decision making in
common or standard work and supervise the welding
and related personnel’s tasks.
5
To be defined
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EUROPEAN
WELDING
PRACTITIONER
- Check any special requirements in the welding procedure specification;*
- Check the suitability of working and environmental conditions. *
Inspection and testing during welding:
- Check the welding parameters (e.g. welding current, arc voltage and travel speed);*
- Check the preheating/interpass temperature; * - Check the cleaning and shape of runs and layers of weld
metal; * - Check back gouging; *
- Verify the welding sequence; * - Verify the correct use and handling of welding consumables;
* - Verify the control of distortion;
- Conduct any intermediate examination (e.g. checking dimensions); *
Inspection and testing after welding:
- Monitoring the implementation of non-destructive testing; - Monitoring the implementation of destructive testing;
- Evaluate and check the results and records of post-operations (e.g. post-weld heat treatment, ageing);
- Perform visual inspection; * - Check the shape, tolerance and dimensions of the
construction; *
13. - Specify and develop the post-weld heat treatment in accordance with the specification;
- Evaluate and manage heat treatments in accordance with the specification;
- Implement and monitor heat treatments in accordance with the specification.*
14. – Specify and develop non-conformance measures;
- Specify and develop corrective actions (e.g. weld repairs, re-assessment of repaired welds, corrective actions);
- Evaluate and manage non-conformance measures and respective corrective actions;
- Implement and monitor corrective actions.*
Fundamental factual and theoretical knowledge concerning the quality assurance and quality
control applied to welding and related
technologies.
Fundamental range of cognitive and practical
skills required to identify/choose the proper solutions for
quality assurance and quality control of welded products
on basic and specific problems.
Self-manage within the guidelines of work, the applications concerning quality assurance and
quality control of welded products usually
predictable but subject to change.
Take responsibility without
autonomy for decision-making in basic work and supervise basic tasks of
welding and related personnel.
4
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15. – Specify and develop the methods and actions to calibrate and/or validate the measuring, inspection and
testing equipment; - Evaluate and manage the measuring, inspection and testing
equipment that are calibrated and/or validated; - Verify the proper use of the calibrated and validated
measuring, inspection and testing equipment. *
16. – Identify the production plans;* - Identify the routing cards; *
- Identify the weld locations in construction;* - Identify the non-destructive testing procedures and
personnel; * - Identify the welding consumable (e.g. designation, trade
name, manufacturing organisation of consumables and batch or cast numbers); *
- Identify the location of repairs; * - Identify the location of temporary attachments; *
- Trace fully mechanised and automatic welding units to specific welds; *
- Trace welder and welding operators to specific welds; * - Trace of welding procedure specifications to specific welds.
*
17. – Define, specify and prepare the necessary quality records according to ISO 3834 – series of standards;
- Monitoring and manage the necessary quality records; - Maintain the necessary quality records. *
- Compile the necessary quality records according to ISO 3834 - series of standards.*
*The performance criteria marked with * are applicable only to the European Welding Practitioner (EWP), despite other are qualified to perform them as well.
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Within a myriad of modules to be presented, the selected ones in Competence Unit 4 – “Fabrication, Applications, Engineering” were the 4.1 –
“Introduction to Quality Assurance in Welded Fabrication”, 4.2 – “Quality Control during Manufacturing” and 4.3 - “Residual Stress and Distortion”, so that it
would be possible to evidence the 3 possible scenarios concerning the methodology:
1. Same scope, same learning objectives and same teaching hours for different profiles (EWE and EWT) – Module 4.1.
2. Majority of the scope mutual to all profiles, different learning objectives and different teaching hours – Module 4.2.
3. Same scope, same learning objectives and same teaching hours for different profiles (EWS and EWP) – Module 4.3.
Please note that the tables coloured in grey are withdrawal from the current guideline into force (IAB-252r3-16) and are the reference data to make the revision
until a revised guideline is issued (with learning outcomes).
Table 8- REFERENCE TABLE FOR MODULE 4.1.
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO QUALITY ASSURANCE IN WELDED FABRICATION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Objective for IWE/IWT: Understand in detail the principles of quality assurance and quality control, the related standards and their application to welded fabrication as a special process Objective for IWS: Gain basic knowledge of the principles of quality assurance and quality control and recognise the related standards and their application to welded fabrication as a special process. Objective for IWP: Have an outline working knowledge of the principles of quality assurance and quality control and recognise the related standards and their application to welded fabrication as a special process.
QUALIFICATION EWE EWT EWS EWP
TEACHING HOURS 8 8 4 2
SCOPE
Concept of quality assurance and quality control (including analysis, continuous improvement) X X X X
Weldability ISO/TR 581 X X − − Testing and Inspection Plan (the goal, content and sources to develop it) X X X X
Audit of plant X X X -
Personnel and Equipment X X X X
Maintenance X X X X
Inspection X X X X
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Activities of the welding engineer/technologist/specialist/practitioner in the different functions in industry (ISO 14731) X X X x
Standards (ISO 9000, ISO 3834, national and international standards) Development of quality plans - ISO 10005) X X X -
Software (overview, availability, demonstration, use) X X X -
Table 9- Learning outcomes of Module 4.1. - Introduction to Quality Assurance in Welded Fabrication.
Module 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO QUALITY ASSURANCE IN WELDED FABRICATION – learning outcomes
QUALIFICATION EQF LEVEL
WORKLOAD
hours
KNOWLEDGE
SKILLS
EWE/EWT
6
To be defined
Advanced knowledge on: Concept of quality assurance and quality control (including analysis, continuous improvement)
General principles of Weldability (ISO/TR 581) Testing and Inspection Plan (the goal, content and sources to develop it)
Audit of plant Personnel and Equipment
Maintenance Inspection
Activities of the welding engineer/technologist/specialist/practitioner in the different functions in industry (ISO 14731)
Analyse the principles of quality assurance, quality control and inspection systems applied to welded fabrication. Define the essential elements of quality control procedures and quality plans for welded fabrication. Explain the relationships between essential elements of quality control procedures and quality plans with welded fabrication quality requirements. Predict how the audit plant outcomes relate to welded fabrication quality requirements. Illustrate how each audit principle can affect the reliability of the quality results.
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Quality Standards (ISO 9001, ISO 3834, national and international standards)
Development of quality plans - ISO 10005) Software applicability (overview, availability, demonstration, use)
Compare the impacts of quality results on welded fabrication requirements. Compare the personnel and equipment factors that have a major effect on welded fabrication quality. Relate the quality assurance tasks of the welding coordinator responsible for welded fabrication/manufacture with their impact on weld quality. Assess quality assurance, quality control and inspections systems to determine particular quality outcomes in welded fabrication. Develop elements of quality control procedures and quality plans to determine a given welded fabrication quality requirements. Interpret relevant standards (e.g. ISO 9001, and ISO 3834).
EWS
5
To be defined
Specialised knowledge on: Concept of quality assurance and quality control (including analysis, continuous improvement) Testing and Inspection Plan (the goal, content and sources to develop it) Workshop/plant audit Personnel and Equipment Maintenance Inspection
Distinguish quality assurance, quality control and inspection systems, including their usage in welded fabrication. Describe the influence of personnel and equipment in the quality of the welded fabrication. Explain the role of the Welding Specialist in the fabrication industry. Demonstrate effective writing of quality control procedures.
Demonstrate appropriate use of quality standards (e.g. ISO 9001, and ISO 3834).
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Activities of the welding engineer/technologist/specialist/practitioner in the different functions in industry (ISO 14731) Quality Standards (ISO 9001, ISO 3834, national and international standards)
Development of quality plans - ISO 10005) Software applicability (overview, availability, demonstration, use)
EWP
4
To be defined
Fundamental knowledge on: Concept of quality assurance and quality control (including analysis, continuous improvement) Testing and Inspection Plan (the goal, content and sources to develop it) Personnel and Equipment Maintenance Inspection Activities of the welding engineer/technologist/specialist/practitioner in the different functions in industry (ISO 14731)
Identify the goals and the differences of quality assurance and quality control quality to the own practice and work. Outline the most common factors related to personnel and equipment, which influence the quality of a welded construction. Identify the role of the Welding Practitioner in the fabrication industry. Use quality control procedures and instructions. Demonstrate basic capability to use standards.
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Table 10. Reference table for Module 4.2.
4.2 UALITY CONTROL DURING MANUFACTURE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Objective for IWE: Understand in detail the requirements and function of Quality Control during manufacture, the standards related to brazing and welding operators and brazing and welding procedure qualification including joint traceability methods, the need for calibration, and monitoring of process parameters. Objective for IWT: Understand the requirements and function of Quality Control during manufacture, the standards related to brazing and welding operators and brazing and welding procedure qualification including joint traceability methods, the need for calibration, and monitoring of process parameters Objective for IWS: Gain basic knowledge of the requirements and function of Quality Control during manufacture, the standards related to brazing and welding operators and brazing and welding procedure qualification including joint traceability methods, the need for calibration, and monitoring of process parameters. Objective for IWP: Have an outline working knowledge of the requirements and function of Quality Control during manufacture, the standards related to brazing and welding operators and brazing and welding procedure qualification including joint traceability methods, the need for calibration, and monitoring of process parameters.
QUALIFICATION EWE EWT EWS EWP
TEACHING HOURS 16 12 10 6
SCOPE
Advantages to the quality of brazed and welded constructions X X X X
Brazing and Welding sequence X X X -
Welding coordination and inspection personnel; qualification tasks and responsibilities (ISO 14731, ISO 9712, CEN and National standards) X X X X
Brazer and Welder Approval /Qualification and Brazing and Welding Procedure Qualification - Introduction/Overview X X X X
Brazer and Welder Approval/Qualification (ISO 9606, CEN and National Standards) X X X X
Brazing and Welding Procedure Specification – The goal, how to create and develop (ISO 15607 and 15609, CEN and National Standards) X X X X
Brazing and Welding Procedure Qualification (ISO 15610, 156111, 15612, 15613 and 15614), CEN and National standards) X X X X
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Brazing and Welding Operator Qualification (ISO 14732, CEN and National Standards) X X X X
Traceability (materials identification, welder/operator, procedures, certificates) X X X -
Table 11. LEARNING OUTCOMES OF MODULE 4.2- Quality Control during Manufacture
Module 4.2 QUALITY CONTROL DURING MANUFACTURE – learning outcomes
QUALIFICATION EQF LEVEL
WORKLOAD
hours
KNOWLEDGE
SKILLS
EWE
7
To be defined
Highly specialised knowledge on: Quality of brazed and welded constructions advantages Brazing and Welding sequence Welding coordination and inspection personnel; qualification tasks and responsibilities (ISO 14731, ISO 9712, CEN and National standards) Brazer and Welder Approval /Qualification and Brazing and Welding Procedure Qualification - Introduction/Overview Brazer and Welder Approval/Qualification (ISO 9606, CEN and National Standards) Brazing and Welding Procedure Specification – The goal, how to create and develop (ISO 15607 and 15609, CEN and National Standards) Brazing and Welding Procedure Qualification (ISO 15610, 156111, 15612, 15613 and 15614), CEN and National standards)
Discuss in detail the relationship between the essential elements of a Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) / Welding Procedure Qualification Record (WPQR) / Preliminary Welding Procedure Specification (pWPS) and the welded fabrication quality requirements. Evaluate critically the compliance of the WPSs for welded components with the requirements of relevant national and international standards.
Interpret critically the requirements of relevant standards for the qualification of a WPS. Determine critically he main variables for a particular WPS qualification and its range of qualification. Assess critically a welder qualification against the welded fabrication quality requirements
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Brazing and Welding Operator Qualification (ISO 14732, CEN and National Standards) General principals of traceability (materials identification, welder/operator, procedures, certificates)
Assess critically a welding operator qualification against the welded fabrication quality requirements. Determine in detail the welding control tasks of the welding coordinator and their impact on a welded fabrication/manufacture. Determine in detail the welding control tasks of welding inspectors and their impact on a welded fabrication/manufacture. Interpret critically the requirements of relevant standards for welder qualification. Determine critically the main variables for a particular welder qualification and its range of qualification. Interpret critically he requirements of relevant standards for welder qualification.
Determine critically the main variables for a particular welder qualification and its range of qualification. Interpret critically the requirements of relevant standards for material traceability. Define the essential content of welding materials procedures and certificates.
Advanced knowledge on: Quality of brazed and welded constructions advantages Brazing and Welding sequence Welding coordination and inspection personnel; qualification tasks and responsibilities (ISO 14731, ISO 9712, CEN and National standards)
Explain the relationship between the essential elements of WPS/WPQR/pWPS and the welded fabrication quality requirements. Appraise WPSs for welded compliance with the requirements of relevant national and international standards.
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EWT
6
To be defined
Brazer and Welder Approval /Qualification and Brazing and Welding Procedure Qualification - Introduction/Overview Brazer and Welder Approval/Qualification (ISO 9606, CEN and National Standards) Brazing and Welding Procedure Specification – The goal, how to create and develop (ISO 15607 and 15609, CEN and National Standards) Brazing and Welding Procedure Qualification (ISO 15610, 156111, 15612, 15613 and 15614), CEN and National standards) Brazing and Welding Operator Qualification (ISO 14732, CEN and National Standards) General principals of traceability (materials identification, welder/operator, procedures, certificates)
Interpret the requirements of relevant standards for the qualification of a WPS. Determine the main variables for a particular WPS qualification and its range of qualification. Explain the purpose of a welder qualification against the welded fabrication quality requirements. Explain the purpose of a welding operator qualification against the welded fabrication quality requirements. Explain the welding control tasks of the welding coordinator responsible for welded fabrication/manufacture. Explain the welding control tasks of welding inspectors. Interpret the requirements of relevant standards for welder qualification. Determine the main variables for a particular welder qualification and its range of qualification. Interpret the requirements of relevant standards for welder qualification. Determine the main variables for a particular welder qualification and its range of qualification. Interpret the requirements of relevant standards for material traceability. Define the essential content of welding materials procedures and certificates.
Specialised knowledge on:
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EWS
5
To be defined
Quality of brazed and welded constructions advantages Brazing and Welding sequence Welding coordination and inspection personnel; qualification tasks and responsibilities (ISO 14731, ISO 9712, CEN and National standards) Brazer and Welder Approval /Qualification and Brazing and Welding Procedure Qualification - Introduction/Overview Brazer and Welder Approval/Qualification (ISO 9606, CEN and National Standards) Brazing and Welding Procedure Specification – The goal, how to create and develop (ISO 15607 and 15609, CEN and National Standards) Brazing and Welding: - Procedure Qualification (ISO 15610, 156111, 15612, 15613 and 15614), CEN and National standards) Brazing and Welding Operator Qualification (ISO 14732, CEN and National Standards) General principals of traceability (materials identification, welder/operator, procedures, certificates)
Relate the main purposes of a WPS/WPQR/pWPS to the advantages for the quality of welded fabrication. Relate the main purposes of welder qualification to the advantages for the quality of welded fabrication. Relate the purpose of a welding operator qualification to the main advantages for the quality of welded fabrication. Compile WPSs for welded components in accordance with national and international standards.
Demonstrate appropriate use of the standards for the qualification of a WPS.
List the main variables for a particular WPS qualification and its range of qualification in accordance with National and/or International standards. Demonstrate appropriate use of the standards for welder qualification List the main variables for a particular welder qualification and its range of qualification. Demonstrate the appropriate use of the standards for welding operator qualification. List the main variables for a particular welding operator qualification and its range of qualification. Give examples of traceability requirements for materials procedures and certificates.
Advanced knowledge on:
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EWP
4
To be defined.
Quality of brazed and welded constructions advantages Welding coordination and inspection personnel; qualification tasks and responsibilities (ISO 14731, ISO 9712, CEN and National standards) Brazer and Welder Approval /Qualification and Brazing and Welding Procedure Qualification - Introduction/Overview Brazer and Welder Approval/Qualification (ISO 9606, CEN and National Standards) Brazing and Welding Procedure Specification – The goal, how to create and develop (ISO 15607 and 15609, CEN and National Standards) Brazing and Welding Procedure Qualification (ISO 15610, 156111, 15612, 15613 and 15614), CEN and National standards) Brazing and Welding Operator Qualification (ISO 14732, CEN and National Standards)
Outline the purpose of WPS and of welder qualification, pointing out the most common advantages to the quality of the welded construction. Recognise the main purpose of WPS/WPQR/pWS, relating them to their advantages to the quality of welded fabrication. Recognise the main purposes of welder, brazer and welding operator qualification, relating them to the main advantages to the quality of welded fabrication. Outline the most common ISO standards used for welder, brazer and welding operators qualification. Outline the welding procedures specifications and the main features for each purpose. Check the main variables for a certain WPS qualification and its range of approval. Check the main variables for a certain welder, welding operator qualification and its range of approval.
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Table 12. REFERENCE TABLE FOR MODULE 4.3
4.3 RESIDUAL STRESSES AND DISTORTION
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Objective for IWE: Understand in detail the main factors affecting welding stress and distortion in welded fabrications and how these effects can be measured and minimised. Objective for IWT: Understand the main factors affecting welding stress and distortion in welded fabrications and how these effects can be measured and minimised. Objective for IWS and IWP: Gain basic knowledge of the main factors affecting welding stress and distortion in welded fabrications and how these effects can be measured and minimised
QUALIFICATION EWE EWT EWS EWP
TEACHING HOURS 6 4 2 2
SCOPE
Influencing factors X X X X
Thermal data of the materials X X − −
Origin of the residual stresses and deformation X X X X
Magnitude of longitudinal and transverse shrinkage stresses X X X
Distribution of the residual stresses at weld (parallel to the weld axis, perpendicular, and through thickness, influence of the material thickness) X X X X
Relationship between heat input, shrinkage stresses and distortion X X X X
Methods of residual stress measurement X X - -
Welding sequence techniques X X X X
Effects of residual stresses on the behaviour of the structure in service….. X X X
X
Methods of reducing residual stresses or distortion X X X X
Examples to prevent and control of distortion X X X X
Weld straightening, correction and removal of welding deformation (pressing, rolling, local heating, etc.) X X X X
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Table 13. Learning outcomes of Module 4.3 – Residual Stress and Distortion.
Module 4.3 RESIDUAL STRESSES AND DISTORTION – learning outcomes
QUALIFICATION EQF LEVEL
WORKLOAD hours
KNOWLEDGE
SKILLS
EWE
7
To be filled in
Highly specialised knowledge on: Influencing factors Thermal data of the materials Origin of the residual stresses and deformation Magnitude of longitudinal and transverse shrinkage stresses Distribution of the residual stresses at weld (parallel to the weld axis, perpendicular, and through thickness, influence of the material thickness) Relationship between heat input, shrinkage stresses and distortion Relationship between heat input, shrinkage stresses and distortion Welding sequence techniques Effects of residual stresses on the behaviour of the structure in service Methods used for reducing residual stresses or distortion Prevention and control of distortion Weld straightening, correction and removal of welding deformation (pressing, rolling, local heating, etc.)
Explain critically the origin of influencing factors of residual stress and their relationships with distortion and geometrical requirements of welded fabrication. Explain critically the relationship between the material at a certain temperature and its mechanical characteristics, as well as their effect on the performance and quality of welded fabrication. Discuss critically about the methods used for minimising residual stress, relating which welding variables need to be manipulated to achieve particular results.
Determine the magnitude of residual stress and distortion in welded fabrications Predict the distribution of residual stresses in a weld (parallel to the weld axis, perpendicular, and through thickness, influence of the material thickness) Predict, quantitatively, the contraction and distortion in joints and structures. Predict how residual stresses may affect the behaviour of a structure in service.
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EWT
6
To be filled in
Advanced knowledge on: Influencing factors Thermal data of the materials Origin of the residual stresses and deformation Magnitude of longitudinal and transverse shrinkage stresses Distribution of the residual stresses at weld (parallel to the weld axis, perpendicular, and through thickness, influence of the material thickness) Relationship between heat input, shrinkage stresses and distortion Relationship between heat input, shrinkage stresses and distortion Welding sequence techniques Effects of residual stresses on the behaviour of the structure in service Methods used for reducing residual stresses or distortion Prevention and control of distortion Weld straightening, correction and removal of welding deformation (pressing, rolling, local heating, etc.)
Explain the origin of the influencing factors of residual stress and their relationships with distortion and geometrical requirements of welded fabrication. Explain the relationship between the material at a certain temperature and its mechanical characteristics, as well as their effect on the performance and quality of welded fabrication. Compare methods used for minimising residual stress. Explain which welding variables need to be manipulated to achieve particular results.
Calculate the magnitude of residual stress and distortion in welded fabrications Calculate distribution of residual stresses in a weld (parallel to the weld axis, perpendicular, and through thickness, influence of the material thickness) Calculate quantitatively, the contraction and distortion in joints and structures. Calculate how residual stresses may affect the behaviour of a structure in service.
Fundamental knowledge on: Influencing factors
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EWS/EWP
4 To be filled in Origin of the residual stresses and deformation Magnitude of longitudinal and transverse shrinkage stresses Distribution of the residual stresses at weld (parallel to the weld axis, perpendicular, and through thickness, influence of the material thickness) Methods of residual stress measurement Welding sequence techniques Effects of residual stresses on the behaviour of the structure in service Methods used for reducing residual stresses or distortion Prevent and control of distortion Weld straightening, correction and removal of welding deformation (pressing, rolling, local heating, etc.)
Outline the origin and influencing factors of residual stress and distortion in welded fabrications. Identify the relationship between the material at a certain temperature and its most relevant mechanical characteristics. Outline the distribution of the residual stresses at weld (parallel to the weld axis, perpendicular, and through thickness, influence of the material thickness) Identify the most common contraction and distortion in joints and structures Outline the residual stresses effect on the behaviour of a simple structure in service. Demonstrate a basic use of procedures to minimise distortion and stress.