guerilla personas and the gentle art of design defense
DESCRIPTION
Slides given at the 2008 IA Summit on low budget user research, design persuasion and persona constructionTRANSCRIPT
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What We’ll Do Today
•Meet each other
•Personas - what they are & what’s inside
•Data sources & what you can learn
•Putting it all together
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Me•I work at a little agency
•Mostly with non-profits & associations
•Little budgets, big opinions
•More content, less applications
•IA is still a new frontier for clients
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You are?
•Innie or outie?
•What kind of companies and clients?
•Use personas?
•Applications or content?
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Part 1History, Rules,
Structure
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Origins•Print and TV
Marketing audience segmentation
•Demographics, buying habits, interests
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Evolution
•Cooper - About Face
•Research based
•Task oriented
•Individual
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Sample: Bob• Bob is 52 years old and works as a mechanic with an organisation offering road service to customers when their car breaks down. He
has worked in the job for the past 12 years and knows it well. Many of the younger mechanics ask Bob for advice when they meet up in the depot as he always knows the answer to tricky mechanical problems. Bob likes sharing his knowledge with the younger guys, as it makes him feel a valued part of the team.
Bob works rolling day and night shifts and spends his shifts attending breakdowns and lockouts (when customers lock their keys in the car). About 20% of the jobs he attends are complex and he occasionally needs to refer to his standard issue manuals. Bob tries to avoid using the manuals in front of customers as he thinks it gives the impression he doesn't know what he's doing.
Bob has seen many changes over the years with the company and has tried his best to move with the times. However he found it a bit daunting when a new computer was installed in his van several years ago, and now he has heard rumours that the computer is going to be upgraded to one with a bigger screen that's meant to be faster and better.
Bob's been told that he will be able to access the intranet on the new computer. He has heard about the intranet and saw once in an early version on his manager's computer. He wonders if he will be able to find out want's going on in the company more easily, especially as customers' seem to know more about the latest company news than he does when he turns up at a job. This can be embarrassing and has been a source of frustration for Bob throughout his time with the company.
Bob wonders if he will be able to cope with the new computer system. He doesn't mind asking his grandchildren for help when he wants to send an email to his brother overseas, but asking the guys at work for help is another story.
• Credit: Step Two
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De-evolution
•Makes the user relatable
•Catalogs likes/dislikes/pains
•Includes business goals
•Some basis in reality
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Personas focus
•Commercials!
•Tells a story everyone understands
•Persuasive
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New Rules
•No rules!
•Single person, multiple person
•May not use demographics
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You are a journalist•Get the eyewitness
reports
•Place it in context of larger events
•Explain it so everyone understands
•Remember the bias of your readership
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The expert witness•Speculation to problem
solving
•What would Betty do?
•How would Betty do this?
•What do we want Betty to do?
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Decision-Making 101
•Decisions are rarely made on facts
•Money, turf, emotion, perception
•Number one driver: Fear
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Personas are good at
•Thinking about feasibility
•Determining how to extend new services
•How to repurpose content - what’s new to you?
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Shift conversations
•‘How’ to ‘what’ & ‘why’
•Unites factions into a single front
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Elements
•One big need, several smaller common needs
•Must dos and can dos
•User method, mood, point of view
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Traditional Personas
•Photo
•Tagline
•Tasks
•Demographics
•Summary of research
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Archetypical Attitudes• Seeker
• Involved user
• Passive user
• Interpreter/storyteller
• Advertiser
• Sponsor
• Decision maker
• Outsider
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Seekers
•Are not interested in you, but may be interested in your subject
•They have a HUGE untapped potential, once they see your value
•Examples: casual shoppers, surfers, researchers
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Involved
•Involved users love you and may be your evangelist
•Examples: Mac users, volunteers, campaign contributors
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Passives•Passives are involved because they
don’t have anything else to do
•Can suddenly realize they don’t need you
•They can be converted, carefully
•Examples: people on auto-pay, email deleters
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Interpreters
•Interpreters tell your story to the world
•Can be allies or adversaries
•Examples: reporters, bloggers, raters
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Deciders
•Deciders are small & powerful - they determine if you are read, bought or used
•Beware the assistant
•Examples: policy makers, head of household, purchasing agent, CEO
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Outsider
•Outsiders are not interested in you or don’t know about you - yet
•Most powerful because there is the highest potential to expand a niche
•Examples: Coming of age/eligibility
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Advertiser/Sponsor•These users are looking for ways
that your brand has affinity with theirs
•Not a direct audience, but often give you money
•Examples: ad buyer, grantmaker, individual donor
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Mix-n-match•Seeker-sponsor = giving officer at
a corporation foundation
•Outsider-interpreter = gaming blogger who’s telling people about the site she just found
•Involved-sponsor = large stockholders, trustees
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Tips: Tasks
•Ask ‘who’s interested?’
•What’s the unmet need?
•How can you meet it?
•Who doesn’t know they need it?
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Tips: A/S/L/$$$•Age: internet
behaviors or life stages
•Race: language issues
•Sex: outlook/interests
•Income: Can get meaningless quickly
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Tips: Names & Photos
•Proper names and behaviors
•James, the Seeker
•James, 45 year old white male
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Part 3Data Sources
Traffic, search, documents, the outside world
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Bottom line•Some data is better
than no data
•Use what you have
•No one piece is the grail - you put it together
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If it’s happened...
•Someone has studied it.
•In detail.
•With grant money.
•Especially the Internet
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Outside research
•PEW Internet Life Project
•Marketing journals - ClickZ
•Government & NGOs
•Foundations
•Software companies
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You may have•Traffic
•Search
•Products and services
•Call center/info email/other interactions
•Leadership’s opinions
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Daily Life Stats
•US Census
•Bureau of Labor Statistics
•Foundations
•Groups & Associations
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Traffic Tells You•What
happened, but not Why
•What changed
•Needs analysis for externalities
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Traffic: Bad Parts
•Doesn’t show leaf content well
•Different programs measure differently
•Assumes volume is best
•Affinity is better
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Traffic: Jackpot
•External navigation
•Provides some comparison to related sites
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Traffic Haters•Business Owners
• “If my content were more prominent, it would get more traffic”
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Search
•Can tell you what people want but don’t see
•The process that people go through to find something
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Search Jackpot
•User’s vocabulary
•What they’re looking for
•What’s really popular
•When’s it’s important
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Search: Bad
•Top 100 Terms and Queries - too simple
•Good semantics take more time
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Search Haters
•Executives “They’re searching by the wrong name”
•Marketers “It hurts the brand”
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Internals: Good•Call centers & emails
•Sales, registrations, event attendance
•Hits the people who may not use your website
•Information that’s already been seen
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Internals: Bad
•Can already have been interpreted
•Has a what, but not a why
•Over emphasis on functions
•Vocal minority can capture attention
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Internal: Neutral
•Many have seen & digested it
•Some liked it, some hate it
•Can have a set perception
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Internal: Fans
•Whoever did the research loves it
•Whoever hates the researcher hates it
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External reports
•Great source of general population
•Can be perceived as biased or irrelevant
•Can be highly valued
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Social Sites
•Offers some context : vocabulary, affinity, relationships
•Has strong bias of people who use social sites
•May be dismissed as “kid stuff”
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Part 3Putting it all
together
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Step 1
•What’s the business problem?
•Existing metrics?
•Tone/design
•Application issues
•Audience/share expansion
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Step 2• What do we know?
•Who’s the expert on your users?
•How do they like the way you’re engaging? communication, presentation
•What are other people doing?
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Step 3
•How do we report?
•What data answers the questions?
•How do we tell a story to make the data more engaging or clearer?
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Let’s meet NAWG•Trade association of electricians
and construction managers
•Membership is aging - few young skilled tradesmen
•Goals: be an expert, provide training, professional standards, make members more money
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NAWG Provides
•Professional certification
•Training
•Meetings
•Credibility to the electrical industry
•Publications/reference
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Business Problems•Lots of phone calls
•Low online fulfillment, registration
•Some areas are completely unused
•Construction industry is aging
•Bilingual and international expansion
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•[image]
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What’s wrong?
•What makes NAWG successful as a business?
•What’s makes NAWG unique?
•Do the users know that?
•Why not?
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Stakeholders
•What drives the decisions?
•What’s the pet peeve?
•What’s the motivation?
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Where we start?•Who matters: Involved?
Uninvolved? Insider? Outsider?
•What do we want to know? A/S/L/$$?
•What sources can tell us about construction?
•Who can help us internally?
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Referring Sites• IBEW
• USA Jobs
• BLS
• Speciality Contractors
• California Electrician’s Associations
• Monster.com
• Wikipedia
• NE Apprenticeship
• ConstructionWeblinks
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Search trends• Proper names
•Magazine
• Topics
• Spelling
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Let’s build
•Pain point
•Task to address that pain point
•Person who feels it
•Their point of view
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Fill in the blanks•Name
•Behavior
•Demographics
•Needs
•Pain points
•Relationship to the business
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Questions?
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Recap
•Personas provide a focus and tell a story
•You can use lots of different data
•What’s important...depends