growth of indonesian tissue-cultured sago palm seedlings ... pdf/vol.20, 35-56.pdfplant tissue...

1) 1) 2) 3) 3)

1) 2) BPPT 3)

Growth of Indonesian tissue-cultured sago palm seedlings grown in Leyte of the

Philippines

Masanori OKAZAKI1), Koyo YONEBAYASHI1), Nadirman HASKA2), Marcelo A. QUEVEDO3)

and Suzette B. LINA3)

1)Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University 2) Biotech, Center of BPPT, Indonesia

3) Philcrop Research and Training Center, Visayas State University, Philippines

Alang and Krishnapillay, 1987; Tahardi etal., 2002; , 2003 Biotech Center

BPPT 2007Pangasugan

30 cm5 403 cm

Biotech Center, BPPT, Indonesia

2007 Pangasugan, Leyte, Philipinnes1

1 Pangasugan 2 Pangasugan

35第21回サゴヤシ学会講演会

3講演会要旨_sagopalm講演 12/07/30 13:21 ページ 35

36 第21回サゴヤシ学会講演会

6-8 4-64-6 2 6-8

4 500 g 5 8 46 m x 6 m

10 m

2 Brauen3 mother palm

1 sucker 5

498.6 cm 5719.3 cm

3

Alang, Z. C. and Krishnapillay, B. (1987) Somatic embryogenesis from yong leaf tissues of the sago palm – Metroxylon sagu. Plant Tissue Culture Letters, 4, 32-34

2003 , SAGO PALM, 11, 21-25

Tahardi, J. S., Sianipar, N. F. and Riyadi, Imron. (2002) Somatic Embryogenesis in sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.), In New Frontiers of Sago Palm Studies, Kainuma, K., Okazaki, M., Toyoda, Y. and Cecil, J. E. (eds), p. 75-81, Universal Academy

Press



Changes in Sago starch structure by water molecules

Fumi KAWASHIMA, Masanori OKAZAKI and Koyo YONEBAYASHI Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University

2003 X

d 0.9 nm

B 1.58 nm

1

2011 D-

2O

1.58 nm

2006 2007 Pastrana Hilusig7 m

1 mm 75 µm45 µm

X

X Rigaku MiniFlex Cu 30

kV 15 mA 2 ° min-1 2 2.01 – 45.00

68.9 ± 0.3 1 g 105

2 g 1.5 g0 24 X

X 5.5 5.9 ° 1.5 1.6 nm 17 18 23

1.5 1.6 nm 1.7 nm



1 X

2 X

1/6

2003 , ,

, p. 40-49,

2011 , 20



Does the nitrogen fixation activity of diazotrophic endophytes in the leaf of sago palm

affect the starch accumulation process in the pith of sago palm?

Koyo Yonebayashi and Masanori Okazaki Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University

15N

[1 (N 15N N 15N)] 100 (Yonebayashi et al., 2009 , 2008)

3 13

80 2400II CHNS

, IsoPrime EA15N

(Yonebayashi et al., 2009) [1 ( 15N 15N)] 100

2( , 2008)

[1 ( 15N 2 15N)] 100



3 5 15 19 g/kg 10 13 1213 g/kg 10 13

3 15N 6‰ 6 8 4 5‰ 13

0.6‰ 15N 0‰

15N

830% 13 90%

14 31 35 g/kg 75

20 23 g/kg 22 25 g/kg 61 90

14 15N 5.5 5.9‰ 61 2.7

2.9‰ 90 2.6 2.8‰ 120 15N4.1 0.9 137 2.0 2.915N 0.0‰

75

51 61% 137 46 65%

75 13047

5 6 108

13 6 8

Yonebayashi K. et al. (2009): pp. 17-22, Sago: its Potential in Food and Industry. TUAT Press, Tokyo.

(2008) 54, 61.



Natsuki Genda1) Katsuya Osozawa2)

1) Course Resources and Environmental Policy Department of Agriculture, Ehime University Graduate School of Biological Resources

2) Director of Asia-Africa Center, Institute of International relations, Ehime University



(Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)

1) F. S. RENBON 2) A. A. ARSY 2) F. S. JONG 3) D. FADJRY 4) Y. B. PASOLON 2)

Matter Production and Starch Yield Characteristics in Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Varieties Grown around Lake Sentani near Jayapura in Indonesia

( 1) 2) 3)PT. ANJA 4)BPTP, )

N. TAKEMORI Y. YAMAMOTO T. YOSHIDA1) F. S. RENBON2) A. A. ARSY2) F. S. JONG3) D. FADJRY4) Y. B. PASOLON2) and A. MIYAZAKI

(Fac. of Agri., Kochi Univ. 1)UGAS, Ehime Univ. 2)Haluoleo Univ. 3)PT. ANJA 4)BPTP, PAPUA)

5

2011 95 (Table 1) 1

5 /

80%4.6N

435 2021kg 4.6

(Table 1) 245 1542kg 1551270kg48.4 83.3% + (Table 2)

76.1% 55.4% (Table 3) +

34.4% 24.7% 40.9% 63.2 82.4%10% 40.8

71.3% Manno 2 10% (Fig. 1A) 63905kg (Fig. 1B)

(r=0.993***) (r=0.692)

(r=0.987***) (r=0.545)



Table 1 Growth stage at harvesting, fresh (FW) and dry weight (DW) of whole plant.Variety* Growth stage Spine FW (kg/palm) DW (kg/palm)Para # Bolting + 4244 2021

Yepha # FBF** - 2736 1202 Pane # FSE*** - 1677 778

Rondo # Before FBF + 1195 468 Manno 1 Young fruit + 1165 518 Manno 2 FSE + 1233 435

Average 2042 904 CV (%) 55.1 62.5

* The varieties with # and indicate cultivation and wild type, respectively; ** FBF Flower bud formation; *** FSE Flower stalk emergence

Table 2 Dry weight of each organ or part (kg/palm).

Variety Whole Leaf TrunkLeaf Trunk Leaflet Rachis P+LS* Bark Pith

Para 479.6 1541.6 123.1 106.3 250.1 271.9 1269.7 Yepha 264.9 936.9 99.6 62.7 102.6 297.3 639.6 Pane 85.6 692.8 28.2 23.1 34.3 189.1 503.7

Rondo 79.7 388.8 34.0 19.6 27.1 86.5 302.3 Manno 1 134.5 383.5 42.4 33.6 58.5 116.0 267.4 Manno 2 190.0 244.7 69.3 49.4 71.2 90.0 154.7 Average 205.7 698.0 66.1 49.1 90.6 175.1 522.9 CV (%) 67.0 63.2 53.2 60.2 83.3 48.4 70.7

*P+LS Petiole + Leaf sheathTable 3 Dry weight ratio of each organ or part to whole dry weight (%).

VarietyDW ratio

to whole plant DWDW ratio

to whole leaf DWDW ratio

to whole trunk DWWhole leaf Whole trunk Pith Leaflet Rachis P+LS* Bark Pith

Para 23.7 76.3 62.8 25.7 22.2 52.2 17.6 82.4 Yepha 22.0 78.0 53.2 37.6 23.7 38.7 31.7 68.3 Pane 11.0 89.0 64.7 32.9 27.0 40.1 27.3 72.7

Rondo 17.0 83.0 64.5 42.1 24.3 33.6 22.2 77.8 Manno 1 26.0 74.0 51.6 31.5 25.0 43.5 30.3 69.7 Manno 2 43.7 56.3 35.6 36.5 26.0 37.5 36.8 63.2 Average 23.9 76.1 55.4 34.4 24.7 40.9 27.7 72.3

*P+LS Petiole + Leaf sheath

905

351 346

197 148 63

0

250

500

750

1000

Star

ch yi

eld

(kg)

Variety

71.3

54.9

68.8 65.3 55.2

40.8

0

25

50

75

100

Star

ch p

erce

ntag

e (%

)

Variety

Fig.1 Starch percentage and yield of pith in each variety.



Present State and Issues of Utilization of Sago Starch in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Hasada Katsumi, Kenichiro Kimura, Hiroshi Ikeura Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences

1.

5 (Bintoro et al. 2010)

2. 2012 2 19 3 4

3. (1)

1 1.0 2.7 /ha/0.7 1.9 /ha/

200kg/ 1/3 20066.6 /ha/ 10 10 100 /ha 10.4 /ha/ 8 8

156 /ha (2)

72

3

(3) 3 30

33%

(4) 2009 200922 2010 13



201513,182 2009 5,855

(8,364 0.7) 2.25

4. 4

1

3

2

4

2009

2006 (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) , , 50, (5), 234 237 Bintoro, H.M.H., Yanuar J. Purwanto, H.M. and Amarillis, S. (2010) Sagu di Lahan Gambut, IPB Press



1) 2) Yulius B. Pasolon3) 1) Preuk Chutimanukul1) Marselinus3) 1) 1) 1),4) 1) 1) 1) 5)

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Effect of NaCl Treatment and Soil pH Treatment on the Growth of Sago Palm Seedlings

under the Field Condition in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia H. Ehara1), H. Naito2), Y. B. Pasolon3), H. Tanaka1), P. Chutimanukul1), Marselinus3), S. Kinoshita1)

T. Mishima1), Y. Nishimura1,4), A. Itaya1), T. Uchiyama1), M. Hisamatsu1) and M. Ohmi5)

1)Mie Univ., 2)Kurashiki Univ. of Sci. & The Arts, 3)Haluoleo Univ., 4)Univ. of Ryukyu 5)Tokyo Univ. of Agr. & Technol.

pH

NaCl pH

2011

2 12 7 14.44 2 3

MOF-821: 123g C, 10g N,

6g P2O5, 20g K2O, 30g CaO, 10g MgO/kg 40kg 300g SP36 P2O5 36%

210g NaCl 1.7 NaCl 210L 12 8

8 9 11 1.7 NaCl 70L

2 NaCl pH

3kg NaCl

7 11

16

Na+ 20cm 40cm

1 1 NaCl

2 20cm 2 NaCl

pH

pH 4.8 6.0

40cm pH 1 3

2 4



Morphological Comparison of Sago Palm Starch with Other Crops Youji Nitta*1), Kosuke Kuji1), Ryo Nakaniwa1), Naomi Asagi1), Fumitaka Shiotsu1),

Yusuke Goto2), Satoshi Nakamura3), Teiji Nakamura2), Manabu Watanabe4), Yoshinori Yamamoto5) and Tetsushi Yoshida5)

(1: College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 2: Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 3: School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University 4: Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University,

5: Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University)

The objective of this study is to clarify the feature of sago palm stem starch morphologically comparison with other crops

using scanning electron microscope. Materials and Methods

Sago stem samples of our previous report were used. They were fixed in 70% ethyl alcohol solution and brought to Japan. (A) Varieties Rotan, Tuni and Molat. Kendari, Surawesi, Indonesia at August, 1999. (B) Plants of two years after trunk formation (YATF) were taken in Mukah, Sarawak, Malaysia at July, 2001. (C) Varieties Wani (17 to 18 years YATF), Ruruna (20 YATF), Folo (20 YATF), Yepha Hongleu (18 YATF), Pane (20 YATF), Osukul (17-18 YATF), Para Hongleu (17 to 18 YATF), Rondo (12 YATF), Manno, Para Waliha, Yepha Hongleu, Rondo, Ruruna, and Para Hongleu. Neighboring of Lake Sentani, Papua province, Indonesia. (D) Sucker was detached from the plant of 4 YATF in Mukah, Sarawak, Malaysia at July, 2008. (E) Stem tissues were taken in Municipal Agriculture Training Center in Brauen, Leyte province, Philippines at July, 2007.

In addition, potato tuber, Chinese yam tuber, wheat grain, edible canna tuber, rice grain sweet potato tuberous root, and eddoe tuberous root were used derived from our laboratory collection.

All samples were subjected to vacuum freeze drying (-60 , 10-3Pa) (Matsuda, 2003) followed by sectioning for revealing cross sections, and coating by OsO4 and/or platinum for observation with scanning electron microscope (JSM6360A; JEOL, Japan). Cross sectional area of cells and tissues were measured using a personal computer with a specialized software (WinROOF; Mitani Co., Japan). Results and discussion

Feature of starch accumulation of sago palm stem is the ‘simple starch grain’ with an oval and a spindle-shaped cube (Fig. 1). Major axis of amyloplast is 30-50 m. Ten to twenty amyloplasts accumulate in a parenchyma cell. Significant differences were observed in the size of amyloplast (Nitta et al., 2005, 2006, 2007). Major axis was longest in Pala Hongleu (38.7 m), shortest in Para Wiliha (27.7 m). Number of amyloplast in cross sectional area of parenchyma tissue (PTN) was also different among varieties (Max. Rondo: 262.4 mm-2, Min. Para Wiliha 184.4 mm-2).

Feature of starch accumulation of potato tuber (Fig. 2), Chinese yam tuber (Fig. 3), wheat grain (Fig. 4) and edible canna are ‘simple starch grain’, while that of rice grain, sweet potato tuberous root (Fig. 5), eddoe tuberous root (Fig. 6) are ‘compound starch grain’. Starch major axis is bigger in ‘simple starch grain’ than ‘compound starch grain’. According to our preliminary experiment, Kawasaki (1999) and Kawakami (1975), in case of ‘simple starch grain’, starch grain size is larger than those of wheat grain (20-40 m for primary starch grain, 2-8 for secondary starch grain) and Chinese yam tuber (20 m), while smaller than those of potato tuber (10-90 m) and edible canna tuber (40-100 m). In addition, in case of ‘compound starch grain’, it is larger than rice grain (2-8 m), sweet potato tuberous root (8-36 m),

cassava tuberous root (5-20 m), and eddoe tuberous root (0.13-0.42 m). The starch grain size of sago palm is located in a middle when taking into consideration of Jane et al. (1994) in which examined 54 species.

References Jane, J. et al. 1994. Starch 46:121-129. Kawakami, I. 1975. Starch Morphology. Ishiyaku Publishers, Tokyo. 1-288. Kawasaki, M. 1999. Doctoral thesis, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. 1-247. Matsuda, T. 2003. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 72 (extra 1): 354-359. Nitta, Y. et al., 2005. The Abstracts of the 14th Conference of the Society of Sago Palm Studies: 16-18. Nitta, Y. et al., 2006. The Abstracts of the 15th Conference of the Society of Sago Palm Studies: 17-19. Nitta, Y. et al., 2007. The Abstracts of the 9th International Sago Symposium. July 19-21, 2007, Ormoc, Philippines. 24. Nitta, Y., et al., 2010. Morphological Characters of Sago Palm Starch. The 19th Conference of The Society of Sago Palm Studies: 23-24.



Fig. 1. Parenchyma cell and amyloplast of sago palm stem. Bar: 10 m.

Fig. 5. Starch of sweet potato tuberous root. Bar: 5 m.

Fig. 3. Starch of Chinese yam tuber. Bar: 10 m. Fig. 4. Accumulation structure of parenchyma cell of wheat grain. Bar: 50 m.

Fig. 6. Starch of eddoe tuberous root. Bar: 5 m.

Fig. 2. Starch of potato tuber. Bar: 10 m.

Crop and organFeature of

starchaccumulation

Amyloplastmajor axis (µm)

Starchmajor axis (µm)

No. of starchin an amyloplast

Sago palm stem simple same as starch 30-50 1Potato tuber simple same as starch 10-901 1Chinese yam tuber simple same as starch 201 1Wheat grain simple same as starch 2-8, 20-401 1Edible canna tuber simple same as starch 40-1001 1Rice grain compound 10-15 2-81 several to 100Sweet potato tuberous root compound 10-50 8-361 several to 20Eddoe tuberous root compound 10-20 0.13-0.421 100-4000

1: Nitta, Y. et al. 2010. Morphological Characters of Sago Palm Starch. The 19th Conference of The Society of Sago Palm Studies: 23-24.

Table 1 Comparison of starch of several crops.



1) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 5) 5) 5)

1)

2) 3)

4) 5)

A study of Sago starch concentration in the pith using Time Domain Reflectometry

Takashi Mishima1), Ryosuke Iino1), Hitoshi Naito 2), Masahiro Ohmi3), Yoshihiko Nishimura4),

Akemi Itaya5), Tomohiro Uchiyama5), Makoto Hisamatsu5), and Hiroshi Ehara 5)

1) Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University

2) College of Lifescience, Kurashiki University of Science and The Arts 3) United Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and

Technology 4) Faculty of Tourism Sciences and Industrial Management, Ryukyu University

5) Graduate School/Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University

Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)

20 80~0 100 2080 40mm x

10mm x 30mm TDR TDR-341F

(2007)2011

(#11x65mm) 30mm 63mm TDRTDR



TDR1

1

TDR kHz

TDR

TDR

2

2 TDR,

y = -1.2x +

85.6, R = 0.9835 TDR TDR

TDR

TDR6 4 529 533 2007



1) 2) 3) 4) 2) 2) 2) 2)

1) 2) 3) 4)

Preparation of cellulose nanofiber from sago residue

Masaharu Ohmi1), Takashi Mishima2), Hitoshi Naito3), Yoshihiko Nishimura4), Tomohiro Utiyama2), Akemi Itaya2), Makoto Hisamatsu2), and Hiroshi Ehara2)

1) Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2) Mie University, 3) Kurashiki University of Science and The Arts 4) University of The Ryukyus

Metroxylon sagu Rottb.

2 3

CNF

60 2II

CNF CNF 2 2 6 6-

-1- TEMPO CNFTEMPO Saito Saito 2004 CNF

15000rpm 1020 60



4 6 TEMPO2 60 2

TEMPO TEMPO

2

7 2

2

2

2

4

6 60

2

5

2

7


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