The simple sentence

The simple sentenceSentence analysisParts of speech

SENTENCENon sentences: ungrammatical/ non grammatical, they cannot be analyzed (labels, titles, newspaper headings) Eg. Non smoking here. Traffic chaos Pure lemon juice

Simple sentence: a sentence that has only one clauseMy sister is a cheerful person.

Multiple sentence: contains two or more clauses.Compound coordinated, they are equally importantComplex subordinate, they are dependentMy sister is a cheerful person but she seems rather unhappy today. The man who is standing over there is my father. SENTENCE TYPES Declarative: Statements- provide informationShe got a job as a secretary.Interrogative: Questions, request or ask for informationDid she get a job? What is she looking for? Imperative- also called directives- request an actionOpen your books. Exclamatory/ Exclamative they express strong feelings, begin with wh- word or HowWhat a beautiful day!Active Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet. Passive Romeo and Juliet was written by Shakespeare.Sentence uses:

Statements to convey meaningQuestions to request informationDirectives- to request an actionExclamations- express strong feelingsProcessesThey elected him president last year. SVOC Regular simple- declarative- positive- active

Interrogative forms Who elected him president? Did they elect him president? When did they elect him president? Yes/no questions Do insertion Do inversionWH- questions WH- movement (insertion)

Negative form they didnt elect him president. Do insertion and negative particleClause: a group of words, consisting of a subject and a predicate including a finite verb, that constitutes a sentence o part of a sentence.Phrase: a group of words forming an immediate syntactic constituent of a clause (embedded within a larger unit)They have a main element called Head, and other elements (determiners, complements, modifiers, specifiers, etc. The head determines the kind of phrase.

Types of phrases: noun phrases, eg. That poor boyverb phrases, were determined , said , adverbial phrase, Participants were observed frequently.adjective phrase, that book is interestingprepositional phrase, on the campus

DEFINING GRAMMAR TERMS

Subject: word or group of words naming who or what does or undergoes the action stated by the predicate, it can be a noun, a noun phrase, or pronoun.

Predicate: the part of a sentence that expresses what is said about the subject

Noun a word that is the name of something (such as a person, animal, place, thing, quality, idea, or action) and is typically used in a sentence as subject or object of a verb

Pronoun a word (such asI, he, she, you, it, we, orthey) that is used instead of a noun or noun phrase

Adjective a word indicating a characteristic to a noun or pronoun

Determiner a word, such as a number, article, possessive adjective, etc, that determines (limits) the meaning of a noun phrase, e.g.theirin `their black cat determinedefiniteness (the , a) , quantity (some, many) , number (two) or possession (my, his) . Many very familiar words are determiners: each; every; no; some; most; all; both; many; few; several...

Article a kind of determiner that lacks independent meaning but may serve to indicate the specificity of reference of the noun phrase with which it occurs, definite article,indefinite articleAdverb a word or group of words that serves to modify a whole sentence, a verb, another adverb, or an adjective; They could easily envy the very happily married couple

Conjunction any word or group of words, other than a relative pronoun, that connects words, phrases, or clauses;

Preposition a word or group of words used before a noun or pronoun to show place, time, method.

Interjection a word or remark expressing emotion; exclamationVERBVerb indicate the occurrence or performance of an action, the existence of a state or condition

Modal verb expressing a distinction of mood, such as that between possibility and actuality. The modal auxiliaries in English includecan, could, may, must, need, ought, shall, should, will,andwould

Auxiliary verb a verb used to indicate the tense, voice, mood, etc, of another verb where this is not indicated by inflection, such as Englishwillinhe will go, wasinhe was eating he was eaten doinI do like you

Tense a category of the verb or verbal inflections, such as present, past, and future, that expresses the temporal relations between what is reported in a sentence and the time of its utterance

Aspect Completeness of an action, progressive or perfective

Mood a category of the verb or verbal inflections that expresses semantic and grammatical differences, including such forms as the indicative, subjunctive, and imperativeIdentify the type of sentence: DECLARATIVE, INTERROGATIVE, IMPERATIVE OR EXCLAMATORY

Move right to the front of the bus.What have you got to say for yourself?What a good time we had!How will they find their way to the station?How much weight youve lost!Its been nice meeting you!Ill see you tonight.Take it!Pass the bottle, please.How can I help you?