gnipst bulletin 22.4

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GNIPST BULLETIN 2012

15t February 2013 Volume No.: 22 Issue No.: 0

Contents Message from GNIPS

Letter to the Editor News Update

Disease Outbreak Ne

Topic on Cancer

Forth Coming Events

Drugs Update

Campus News

Students Section

Editors Note

Archive

Vision

TO GROW AS A CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN THE FIELD O

PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE

EDITOR: Debabrata Ghosh Dastidar

GURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE ANDTECHNOLOGY

GNIPST Photo Gallery

For your comments/contributionORFor Back-Issues,

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MESSAGE FROM GNIPSTAll the members of GNIPST are proud to publish the 22nd Volume

of GNIPST BULLETIN. This bulletin has successfully

completed its twenty months journey. We hope it has kept the

readers updated of recent activities in pharmaceutical & biological

sciences and also introduced them with the different activities of

our esteemed institution. We are thankful to all of you for your

great cooperation & support and are looking forward to the same in

future.

LETTER TO THE EDITOR.

NEWS UPDATE

Automated Breast Density Test Identifies

Women at High Cancer Risk (01FEBRUARY 2013

)Researchers have developed a novel computer algorithm to easily

quantify a major risk factor for breast cancer based on analysis of a

screening mammogram. Increased levels of mammographic breast

density have been shown in multiple studies to be correlated with

elevated risk of breast cancer, but the approach to quantifying it

has been limited to the laboratory setting where measurement

requires highly skilled technicians. This new discovery opens the

door for translation to the clinic where it can be used to identify

high-risk women for tailored treatment.Read more

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Quantum Dots Deliver Vitamin D to Tumors for

Possible Inflammatory Breast Cancer Treatment.

(01FEBRUARY 2013

)Quantum dots can be used to rapidly move high concentrations of

the active form of Vitamin D to targeted tumor sites where cancer

cells accumulate.Read more

Can Cancer Be Turned Against Itself?

(04 FEBRUARY 2013)

Medical researchers have found that a family of proteins

associated with melanoma can alert the human immune system to

the presence of cancer cells. This may lead to a new therapy to

augment the anti-cancer immune response, he says, essentially

turning cancer against itself.Read moreElastography: New Cancer Detection Method

Right Around the Corner; Norway and France in

Front (04 FEBRUARY 2013)

As the first countries in the world, Norway and France will betesting a completely new method for detecting cancer. This is done

by measuring the elasticity of tumors. The method is called

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elastography. You may as well learn this new word right away; in a

few years, elastography may be as common as X-rays.Read moreRNA Promotes Metastasis in Lung Cancer.

(05 FEBRUARY 2013)

MALAT1, an RNA molecule, is a marker for progression of lung

cancer. Researchers have now found out that MALAT1 activates

metastasis-promoting genes in cancer cells. In mice, blocking of

MALAT1 reduced the number and size of lung cancer metastases.

Read moreBenefits of CT Outweigh Cancer Risks in Young

Adults, Study Finds. (05 FEBRUARY 2013)

The underlying medical conditions facing young adults who

undergo computed tomography (CT) exams represent asignificantly greater health risk than that of radiation-induced

cancer from CT, according to a new study.Read moreTiny Capsule Effectively Kills Cancer Cells

(06 FEBRUARY 2013)

Devising a method for more precise and less invasive treatment ofcancer tumors, scientists have developed a degradable nanoscale

shell to carry proteins to cancer cells and stunt the growth of

tumors without damaging healthy cells.Read more

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Enzyme Behind Breast Cancer Mutations

Identified (06 FEBRUARY 2013)

Researchers have uncovered a human enzyme responsible for

causing DNA mutations found in the majority of breast cancers.

The discovery of this enzyme -- called APOBEC3B -- may change

the way breast cancer is diagnosed and treated.Read moreTriple-Negative Breast Cancer Subtypes

Identified Using microRNA (07 FEBRUARY 2013)

A new, large-scale study of triple-negative breast cancer shows

that small molecules called microRNA can be used to define four

subtypes of this aggressive malignancy. The findings could lead to

new screening methods, prognostic markers and perhaps new

targeted treatments for this aggressive and often-fatal form ofbreast cancer.Read more

New Details On Molecular Machinery of Cancer

(11 FEBRUARY 2013)

New details into the activation of a cell surface protein that has

been strongly linked to a large number of cancers and is a majortarget of cancer therapies have been reported by Berkeley Lab

researchers.Read more

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Nanotech'ed RNA Drug Reduces Ovarian Cancer

Tumors by 83 Percent(12 FEBRUARY 2013)

By loading fragile RNA into silicon nanoparticles, researchers have

found a new drug delivery system can reduce the size of ovarian

tumors by as much as 83 percent -- and stop tumor growth in

chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer tissue.Read more

HEALTH AWARENESS

CANCER

Cancer is malignant neoplasm, a broad group of diseases involving unregulated

cell growth. The cells grow and divide uncontrollably forming malignant tumors which

invade and interfere with the digestive, nervous, circulatory systems and may release

hormones that alter the body function. Cancer may also spread to more distant parts of

the body through the lymphatic system or blood stream (metastasis).

There are over 100 different types of cancer that afflict humans like Oral, Brain,

Kidney, Liposarcoma, Liver, Colo rectal, Lymphoma (cancer of the lymph tissue),Uterine (cancer of endometrium lining of the uterus), Hodgkin's Lymphoma, etc. Out of

these (5 to 10)% cancers are hereditary while the remaining (90 to 95)% are due to

environmental factors which include carcinogens like tobacco, asbestos, arsenic, benzene,

radiations (UV, X-rays, gamma rays), poisons like aflatoxin, alcohol, sunlight exposure,

obesity. Viruses like HPV (causing cervical cancer), Hepatitis B virus (causing liver

cancer),etc, bacterial and parasitic infection are responsible for cancer. Hormones cause

cancer by promoting cell proliferation specially in sex related cancers like endometrium,

prostate, etc.

Hereditary cancers are result of genetic predisposition that may be inherited

from family members with genetic mutations. For eg- people with inherited mutations in

genes BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 are more prone to breast cancer, ovarian cancer, Lynch

syndrome.

Cancer is not generally not a transmissible disease excepting the rare cases that

occur with pregnancies and only a few organ donors (due to tissue graft rejection caused

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by MHC incompatibility). But in non humans cancer spreads between animals by

transmission of tumor cells themselves as seen in dogs (in Sticker's sarcoma).

CLASSIFICATION (Based on Origin of Tumor)

Carcinoma- cancers derived from epithelial cellsSarcoma-cancers arising from connective tissue

Lymphoma & Leukemia- those arising from hematopoietic (blood forming) cells that

leave the marrow and tend to mature in the lymph nodes and blood respectively

Germ Cell Tumor- derived from pluripotent cells

Blastoma- derived from immature precursor cells or embryonic tissue

MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY BEHIND CANCER

DNA within the cell nucleus directs all the cell's actions- growth, death, protein

synthesis, etc. In healthy cells, programmed cell death (apoptosis) takes place when theDNA is too badly damaged to be repaired. Cancer cells have grotesquely damaged DNA,

but due to destruction of p53, a protein in malignant cells, apoptosis breaks down and

instead the genes mutation gives rise to more such abnormal cells.

Therefore cancer is result of mutation that inhibit oncogene (promote cell growth

and reproduction) and tumor suppressor gene (inhibit cell division and survival) to

uncontrolled cell growth and these may be inherited from parents or may be a

spontaneous problem that occurs during lifetime of a person.

Genetic changes taking place may include gain or loss of entire chromosome,

changes in nucleotide sequence of genomic DNA, genomic amplification, translocation

of chromosomes as seen in Philadelphia chromosome, small scale mutations (deletion,

point mutation, insertions).

DIAGNOSIS

To diagnose cancer biopsy of tumor or bone marrow, endoscopy, ultrasound, CT &

MRI scans, blood tests, complete blood count (CBC), liver function tests may be done toindicate- the type of cell that is proliferating, histological grade, other features of the

tumor, molecular changes like mutations, fusion genes, etc.

SYMPTOMS

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The symptoms of cancer depends on its location and type. At the beginning there is

invariably any sign but the ongoing process of transformation of normal cell to cancer

cell (clonal evolution) causes fatigues, fever, loss of appetite, Chills (shivering) night

sweats, weight loss, Malaise ( feeling of illness).

PREVENTION

Cancer is preventable to some extent by eating a balanced diet (with vegetables,

fruits, complex carbohydrates, vegetable proteins), maintaining BMI, restricting

consumption of alcohol and tobacco, minimizing exposure to sun radiation and toxic

chemicals.

Vaccinations like HPV vaccine, etc, genetic testing of prospective individuals and

time to time cancer screenings like mammography, colonoscopy, etc are highly

recommended.

TREATMENT

Cancer if detected in early stages may be cured by------

Surgery- for isolated solid cancers

Radiotherapy- destroys cancer by focusing high energy rays on cancer cells

Chemotherapy- utilizes chemicals that interfere with the cell division process damaging

proteins or DNA

Immunotherapy- aims to get the body's immune system to fight the tumor

Hormone therapy- aims to alter hormone production in the body so that cancer cells stop

growing or are killed completely

Gene Therapy- replaces damaged genes with ones that workSometimes complementary and alternative treatment and palliative care may be

effective.

Debanjana Das, B.Pharm. 1st Yr.

The Anti-Cancer Diet

Whether you have a history of cancer in your family, or are currently battling thedisease, lifestyle factors, including your diet, can make a huge difference in helping you

fight off cancer. Some foods actually increase your risk of cancer, while others support

your body and strengthen your immune system. By making smart food choices, you can

protect your health, feel better, and boost your ability fight off cancer and other disease

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Cancer prevention diet tip #1: Focus on plant-based foods

The best diet for preventing or fighting cancer is a predominantly plant-based diet that

includes a variety of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. A plant-based diet means

eating mostly foods that come from plants: vegetables, fruits, nuts, grains, and beans.

The less processed these foods arethe less theyve been cooked, peeled, mixed with

other ingredients, stripped of their nutrients, or otherwise altered from the way they

came out of the groundthe better.

Simple tips for getting more plant-based foods in your diet

Breakfast: Add fruit and a few seeds or nuts to your whole grain breakfast cereal (such

as oatmeal).

Lunch: Eat a big salad filled with your favorite beans and peas or other combo of

veggies. Always order lettuce and tomato (plus any other veggies you can) on your

sandwiches. Order whole grain bread for your sandwiches. Have a side of veggies like

cut up carrots, sauerkraut, or a piece of fruit.

Snacks: Fresh fruit and vegetables. Grab an apple or banana on your way out the door.

Raw veggies such as carrots, celery, cucumbers, jicama, peppers, etc. are great with a

low-fat dip such as hummus. Keep trail mix made with nuts, seeds, and a little dried fruit

on hand.

Dinner: Add fresh or frozen veggies to your favorite pasta sauce or rice dish. Top abaked potato with broccoli and yogurt, sauted veggies, or with salsa. Replace creamy

pasta sauces, with sauted vegetables or tomato sauce made with healthy olive oil.

Dessert: Choose fruit instead of a richer dessert. Or a single square of dark chocolate.

Cancer prevention diet tip #2: Bulk up on fiber

Another benefit of eating plant-based foods is that it will also increase your fiber intake.

Fiber, also called roughage or bulk, is the part of plants (grains, fruits, and vegetables)

that your body cant digest. Fiber plays a key role in keeping your digestive system clean

and healthy. It helps keep food moving through your digestive tract, and it also moves

cancer-causing compounds out before they can create harm.

Fiber is found in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. In general, the more natural and

unprocessed the food, the higher it is in fiber. There is no fiber in meat, dairy, sugar, or

white foods like white bread, white rice, and pastries.

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Simple ways to add more fiber to your diet:

Use brown rice instead of white rice

Substitute whole-grain bread for white bread

Choose a bran muffin over a croissant or pastry

Snack on popcorn instead of potato chips

Eat fresh fruit such as a pear, a banana, or an apple (with the skin)

Have a baked potato, including the skin, instead of mashed potatoes

Enjoy fresh carrots, celery, or bell peppers with a hummus or salsa, instead of chips and

a sour cream dip

Use beans instead of ground meat in chili, casseroles, tacos, and even burgers (bean

burgers can taste great).

Cancer prevention diet tip #3: Cut down on meat

Research shows that vegetarians are about fifty percent less likely to develop cancer

than those who eat meat. So whats the link between meat and cancer risk? First, meat

lacks fiber and other nutrients that have been shown to have cancer-protective

properties. What it does have in abundance, however, is fatoften very high levels of

saturated fat. High-fat diets have been linked to higher rates of cancer. And saturated

fat is particularly dangerous. Finally, depending on how it is prepared, meat can develop

carcinogenic compounds.

Cancer prevention diet tip #4: Choose your fats wisely

A major benefit of cutting down on the amount of meat you eat is that you will

automatically cut out a lot of unhealthy fat. Eating a diet high in fat increases your risk for

many types of cancer. But cutting out fat entirely isnt the answer, either. In fact, some

types of fat may actually protect against cancer. The trick is to choose your fats wisely and

eat them in moderation.

Fats that increase cancer risk The two most damaging fats are saturated fats and

trans fats. Saturated fats are found mainly in animal products such as red meat, whole

milk dairy products, and eggs. Trans fats, also called partially hydrogenated oils, are

created by adding hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid and less

likely to spoilwhich is very good for food manufacturers, and very bad for you.

Fats that decrease cancer risk The best fats are unsaturated fats, which come from

plant sources and are liquid at room temperature. Primary sources include olive oil,

canola oil, nuts, and avocados. Also focus on omega-3 fatty acids, which fight

inflammation and support brain and heart health. Good sources include salmon, tuna,

and flaxseeds.

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Tips for choosing cancer-fighting fats and avoiding the bad

Reduce your consumption of red meat, whole milk, butter, and eggs, as these are the

primary source of saturated fats.

Cook with olive oil instead of regular vegetable oil. Canola oil is another good choice,

especially for baking.

Check the ingredient list on food labels and avoid anything with hydrogenated or

partially hydrogenated oils, which are usually found in stick margarines, shortenings,

salad dressings, and other packaged foods.

Trim the fat off of meat when you do eat it, and avoid eating the skin of the chicken.

Choose nonfat dairy products and eggs that have been fortified with omega-3 fatty

acids.

Add nuts and seeds to cereal, salads, soups, or other dishes. Good choices includewalnuts, almonds, pumpkin seeds, hazelnuts, pecans, and sesame seeds.

Use flaxseed oil in smoothies, salad dressings, or mixed in snacks such as applesauce.

But do not cook with flaxseed oil, as it loses its protective properties when heated.

Limit fast food, fried foods, and packaged foods, which tend to be high in trans fats. This

includes foods like potato chips, cookies, crackers, French fries, and doughnuts.

Eat fish once or twice a week. Good choices include wild salmon, sardines, herring, and

black cod. But be conscious of mercury, a contaminant found in many types of fish.

Cancer prevention diet tip #5: Choose cancer-fighting foods

Your immune system keeps you healthy by fighting off unwanted invaders in your system,

including cancer cells. There are many things you can eat to maximize the strength of your

immune system, as well as many cancer-fighting foods. But keep in mind that there is no

single miracle food or ingredient that will protect you against cancer. Eating a colorful

variety gives you the best protection.

Boost your antioxidants. Antioxidants are powerful vitamins that protect against cancer

and help the cells in your body function optimally. Fruits and vegetables are the best

sources of antioxidants such as beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium.

Eat a wide range of brightly colored fruits and vegetables. Colorful fruits and vegetablesare rich in phytochemicals, a potent diseasefighting and immuneboosting nutrient.

The greater the variety of colors that you include, the more you will benefit, since

different colors are rich in different phytochemicals.

Flavor with immune-boosting spices and foods. Garlic, ginger, and curry powder not

only add flavor, but they add a cancer-fighting punch of valuable nutrients. Other good

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choices include turmeric, basil, rosemary, and coriander. Use them in soups, salads,

casseroles, or any other dish.

Drink plenty of water. Water is essentially to all bodily processes. It stimulates the

immune system, removes waste and toxins, and transports nutrients to all of your

organs.

Cancer prevention diet tip #6: Prepare your food in healthy ways

Choosing healthy food is not the only important factor. It also matters how you prepare

and store your food. The way you cook your food can either help or hurt your anti-

cancer efforts.

Preserving the cancer-fighting benefits of vegetables.

Here are a few tips that will help you get the most benefits from eating all those great

cancer-fighting vegetables:

Eat at least some raw fruits and vegetables. These have the highest amounts of vitamins

and minerals, although cooking some vegetables can make the vitamins more available

for our body to use.

When cooking vegetables, steam until just tender using a small amount of water. This

preserves more of the vitamins. Overcooking vegetables removes many of the vitamins

and minerals. If you do boil vegetables, use the cooking water in a soup or another dish

to ensure youre getting all the vitamins.

Wash all fruits and vegetables. Use a vegetable brush for washing. Washing does not

eliminate all pesticide residue, but will reduce it. Choose organic produce if possible,

grown without the use of pesticides.

Cooking and carcinogens

Carcinogens are cancer-causing substances found in food. Carcinogens can form during the

cooking or preserving processmostly in relation to meatand as foods start to spoil.

Examples of foods that have carcinogens are cured, dried, and preserved meats (e.g. bacon,

sausage, beef jerky); burned or charred meats; smoked foods; and foods that have become

moldy. Here are some ways reduce your exposure to carcinogens:

Do not cook oils on high heat. Low-heat cooking or baking (less than 240 degrees)

prevents oils or fats from turning carcinogenic. Instead of deep-frying, pan-frying, and

sauting, opt for healthier methods such as baking, boiling, steaming, or broiling.

Go easy on the barbecue. Burning or charring meats creates carcinogenic substances.

If you do choose to barbecue, dont overcook the meat and be sure to cook at the

proper temperature (not too hot).

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Store oils in a cool dark place in airtight containers, as they quickly become rancid

when exposed to heat, light, and air.

Choose fresh meats instead of cured, dried, preserved, or smoked meats.

Avoid foods that look or smell moldy, as they likely contain aflatoxin, a strong

carcinogen. Aflatoxin is most commonly found on moldy peanuts. Nuts will stay fresh

longer if kept in the refrigerator or freezer.

Be careful what you put in the microwave. Use waxed paper rather than plastic wrap

to cover your food in the microwave. And always use microwave-safe containers.

Debabrata Ghosh Dastidar, Faculty, GNIPST

DISEASE OUTBREAK NEWS

Yellow fever in Chad(14 FEBRUARY 2013)The Ministry of Health of Chad is launching an emergency mass-

vaccination campaign against yellow fever from 22 February 2013,

following laboratory confirmation of two cases in the country in

December 2012.Read moreFORTHCOMING EVENTS

1st international conference on emerging trends in chemical and

pharmaceutical sciencesand First convention of ICCP

Date: 28 Jun 2013 30 Jun 2013, Location: Jawaharlal Nehru Technological

University, Anantapur campus, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh.Details.DRUGS UPDATES

FDA approval of generic version of cancer drug

Doxil (doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome

12
http://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_02_14/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_02_14/en/index.htmlhttp://www.publication4u.com/link.php?M=102715&N=9&L=2&F=Hhttp://www.publication4u.com/link.php?M=102715&N=9&L=2&F=Hhttp://www.publication4u.com/link.php?M=102715&N=9&L=2&F=Hhttp://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_02_14/en/index.html


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injection) is expected to help resolve shortage

(04 FEBRUARY 2013)

Read moreFDA approves first retinal implant for adults

with rare genetic eye disease (14 FEBRUARY 2013)

The U.S. FDA approved the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System ,the first implanted device to treat adult patients with advanced

retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The device, which includes a small

video camera, transmitter mounted on a pair of eyeglasses, video

processing unit (VPU) and an implanted retinal prosthesis

(artificial retina), replaces the function of degenerated cells in the

retina (a membrane inside the eye) and may improve a patients

ability to perceive images and movement. Read moreCAMPUS NEWS

The B.Pharm . first year Cricket Team has won the GNIPSTCricket Tournament 2013 beating D,Pharm. C ricket Team on 9th February, 2013.

The Annual Reunion, Reminiscences 2013 is going to beorganized on 17th February, 2013. The ex-students of

GNIPST are cordially welcome.

13
http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm337872.htmhttp://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm339824.htmhttp://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm339824.htmhttp://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm337872.htm


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STUDENTS SECTION

WHO CAN ANSWER FIRST???() Which immortal cell line was derived from

cancer tissue of Henrietta Lacks?

() In 1957 T.T. Puck first developed which cell line?

Answer of Previous Issue Question:A) Cambodia B)Confucius

Congratulate Sreemanti Mazumder, B.Pharm. final Year student, and

Debanjana Das, B.Pharm 1st year student for your correct answer of

both the questions.

Send your thoughts/ Quiz/Puzzles/games/write-ups or any other contributions for Students Section

& answers of this Section at [email protected] NOTE

I am very happy to publish the 4th issue of 22nd Volume of GNIPST

BULLETIN. It is my great pleasure to introduce you to the newly

launched facebook account GNIPST bulletin. You are cordially

14
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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invited to add this account to your friend list. The current issues will

also be directly available on facebook.

I would like to convey my thanks to all the GNIPST members and

the readers for their valuable comments, encouragement& supports.

Special thanks to Dr. Prerona Saha for her advice; Mr. Soumya

Bhattacharya, for his contribution instudents section.

It would be my great pleasure to receive the contributions,

suggestions & feedback from your desk for further upliftment of this

deliberation GNIPST BULLETIN.

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ARCHIVE

The general body meeting of APTI, Bengal Branch has been

conducted at GNIPST on 15

th

June, 2012. The programme startedwith a nice presentation by Dr. Pulok Kr. Mukherjee, School of

Natural Products, JU on the skill to write a good manuscript for

publication in impact journals. It was followed by nearly two hour

long discussion among more than thirty participants on different

aspects of pharmacy education. Five nonmember participants

applied for membership on that very day.

GNIPST is now approved by AICTE and affiliated to WBUT for

conducting the two years post graduate course (M.Pharm) in

P H A R M A C O L O G Y . The approved number of seat is 18.The number of seats in B.Pharm. has been increased from 60 to

120.

2nd World Congress on Ga-68 (Generators and Novel Radiopharmaceuticals),

Molecular Imaging (PET/CT), Targeted Radionuclide Therapy, and

Dosimetry (SWC-2013) : On the Way to Personalized Medicine

Dates 28 Feb 2013

02 Mar 2013Location: Chandigarh, India.Details.

16
http://www.2ndworldcongress-ga-68.de/http://www.2ndworldcongress-ga-68.de/http://www.2ndworldcongress-ga-68.de/http://www.2ndworldcongress-ga-68.de/


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AICTE has sanctioned a release of grant under Research

Promotion Scheme (RPS) during the financial year 2012-

13to GNIPST as per the details below:

a. Beneficiary Institution: Guru Nanak Institution of

Pharmaceutical Science & Technology.

b. Principal Investigator: Dr. LopamudraDutta.

c. Grant-in-aid sanctioned:Rs. 16,25000/- only

d. Approved duration: 3 years

e. Title of the project: Screening and identification ofpotential medicinal plant of Purulia&Bankuradistricts of West

Bengal with respect to diseases such as diabetes, rheumatism,

Jaundice, hypertension and developing biotechnological tools for

enhancing bioactive molecules in these plant.

gnipst bulletin 22.4

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