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Knowledge Management Model for Teleconsulting inTelemedicine
LILIA EDITH APARICIO PICO
The present research shows a studyof requirements for teleconsulting intelemedicine solution in order to make
a knowledge management system.
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Knowledge Management Model for Teleconsulting inTelemedicine
• The teleconsulting has been defined by diverseauthors in several ways. The American
Telemedicine Association (ATA) defines theteleconsulting like: service that uses thetelecommunications to provide medical data,
which can be audio, photograph or videos,between a patient and a professional of health touse it in attendance, diagnostic or a treatment
plan. This could be originated from a remoteclinic to an office using a connection of directtransmission that can include communicationson the Web.
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Knowledge Management Model for Teleconsulting inTelemedicine
Knowledge Management Systems
• A knowledge management system isdefined as "the process of administeringknowledge of all type continually to
satisfy present and future necessities, toidentify and to exploit resources of
knowledge so much existent as acquiredand to develop new opportunities."
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Knowledge Management Model for Teleconsulting inTelemedicine
• Knowledge management methodologies
– Tiwana methodology .
This methodology is proposed by AmritTiwana and adapted by Coviello and other ,
which conform it 4 phases and 10 stages(see Figure 2).
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Knowledge Management Model for Teleconsulting inTelemedicine
Phase 1: Evaluation of the infrastructure
1) Analysis of the existent infrastructure
2) Alignment of knowledge management and the strategy of the
business
Phase 2: Analysis, Design and Development of the System of MK
1) Design of the architecture of the managment knowledge and
integration of the existent infrastructure.
2) Audit of Knowledge Resources and Systems existents
3) Design of knowledge management Team
4) Creation of knowledge management project
5) Develop of Management Knowledge System
Phase 3: System Deploy
6) Deploys, using Methodology Incremental Handling of Results
( RDI)
7) Change of management, Culture and Structures
Phase 4: Evaluation
8) Evaluation of the yield, Menstruation of the ROI, and incremental
refinement of the system of management knowledge
Figure 1. . Methodology Knowledge Management: Tiwana Source: Adapted by Coviello and others of Tiwana (2002, pp. 64)
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- EKMF methodology The methodology of the EKMF project (EuropeanKnowledge Management Forum) is an initial proposal of apossible standard methodology for the implementation ofthe knowledge management, which is structured in twolevels.
Knowledge Management Model for Teleconsulting inTelemedicine
• Level 1: General implementation of Knowledge Management
This level, is compound by 6 phases and 16 stages,
(see Figure 2.)
• Level 2: Implementation of Knowledge Management Project Pilot. It refers to knowledge management of specific problems and it can turn
like a part of the general methodology, (see Figure 3).
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• Methodological application of knowledge
management
Knowledge Management Model for Teleconsulting inTelemedicine
Structurally the methodology is composed by phases thatit picks up the initial position of a situation, with the whole
chain of stocks that it is necessary to carry out untilarriving to the new wanted situation. These phasesfacilitate the development of a procedure to modulate, insuch a way that they carried out parts of the system likeindependent subsystems that cover their performanceenvironment, in the course of the full integration of them
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Phases Stages
Phase 1: Knowledge 1 Interest in management knowledge and their benefits
2 To involve to top management organization
Fase 2:Initial valuation
3 Working Team
4 Existent infrastructures
5 Economic compatibility
6 Knowledge management and sources of business
7 Estimates
Fase 3: Iniciativas Piloto8 To select alternatives to develop
9 To design and to throw a project pilot of knowledge management
Fase 4: Expansion10 State of knowledge management
11 Expansion possibility
12 Personalization and application of knowledge management
13 To throw the expansion of the project knowledge management
Fase 5: Maturity
14 Strategies and organizational structures
Fase 6: Continuous improvement
15 Result of management knowledge
16 improvement
Figure 2. General implementation of knowledge management : EKMF Source: Project EKMF, Coviello andother (2002, pp. 82)
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Analysis of System Results
Resources
Training
Sources
Activities
Costs
Estimate of Times
Evaluation
Implementation of a Knowledge Management
Project Pilot
Improvement
Figure 3. Implementation of Knowledge Management Project Pilot: EKMF Source: Project EKMF, Coviello andother (2002, pp. 83)
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The phases are formed by a group of activities that shouldcarry out when the phase is executed. In a general way,each task can be structured by: Available Sources of
information, steps or processes to carry out or factors thatcan have incidence in their execution, support tools,products or results and advice to facilitate the execution ofeach task.
Knowledge Management Model for Teleconsulting inTelemedicine
• Methodological application of knowledgemanagement
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• Knowledge management architecture
Knowledge Management Model for Teleconsulting inTelemedicine
There are diverse technological focuses to support the knowledge
management architecture in an organization. Therefore, they have beenaccepted by the scientific community such as the architecture of: Ovum,Tiwana and technological Integration (Kerschberg)
• Ovum Architecture
Ovum has developed a model of knowledge management architecture it
is shown in Figure 4, it has main components: the repository ofknowledge, the map of knowledge, the services of collaboration, thediscovery services and the portal of knowledge
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Interface
Level
Services ofmanagement
knowledgeCorporate
TaxonomyManagement of
informationand processes
InfrastructureSources ofinformation and of
knowledge
Administration of projects, competitive intelligence,relationship administration with the clients
Knowledge Portal
Discovery services Services of collaboration
Knowledge maps
Repository of knowledge
E-mail, file server, internet/intranet services
WP DBMS EDM E-MAIL WWW People
Knowledge Management Model for Teleconsulting inTelemedicine
Figure 4. Architecture of Management knowledge Model Ovum. Source: Ovum Ltda. Woods (1998)
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• Knowledge Management Model ForTeleconsulting In Telemedicine.
Knowledge Management Model for Teleconsulting inTelemedicine
This model is based in: the ubiquity principles, costs, useof the specialized human resource, communications
technology, positive knowledge exploitation. Thestructures the technological layers should be kept in mindto implement this model.
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• Principles of the proposed pattern
Knowledge Management Model for Teleconsulting inTelemedicine
It is necessary to build the pattern to have principles
they are:
- Ubiquity: The Information and Knowledge Technologies
(TIC´s) provide us advantages. It is no necessary to bepresent with doctors to use health services it is possibleto take it through the internet ant other networks.
-Costs: It is chipper to use information and knowledgeinformation systems than use direct services with thedoctors, Doctors can offer their services through the
teleconsulting system
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• Principles of the proposed pattern
Communications Technology: There are manynetworks in order to offer communication services,it is important to have this medium for giving
knowledge.
-Positive exploitation of the knowledge: The
knowledge will go growing,and it will be of moreutility by the different clients of the knowledge.
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• Organizational model
Knowledge Management Model for Teleconsulting inTelemedicine
It represents the main components of the pattern it Figure 6., thereare primary nodes (Clients of the knowledge non experts) conformedby actors that need to obtain a knowledge but advanced or a secondopinion, the technological agents that take charge of mediatingbetween the primary nodes and the specialized ones with the purposeof deciding if the consultation made by a primary node can be solvedwith the repository of knowledge or it is necessary to go to aspecialized node, the repository of knowledge stores the wholeexperience in the exchange of knowledge among the primary andspecialized nodes with the purpose of reusing it, lastly the specializednodes are the group of people that you/they possess the knowledgeat a superior level to people of the primary nodes.
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• Technological architecture
The technological architecture is a combination of thearchitecture mentioned Kerschberg previously of the presentdocument) and the patron MVC of Buschmann 1980
It has four components (see Figure 6), it is to say to thearchitecture of Kerschberg was added a new knowledgemanagement layer, it was divided in two layers. The layers
called components in the architecture technologicalproposal are detailed next.
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Figure 6. It structures of the pattern organizational Source: Own elaboration
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Component Controller: it takes all users´petitions and tocoordinate the answers appropriately, it is the responsible ofcapturing the interaction of all applications services. The
controller authenticates the users and to evaluate theirnecessities of information knowledge, a middleware of HL7(Health Level Seven level protocol 7) that formats the
information from and toward the repository of knowledge.
Knowledge Management Model for Teleconsulting inTelemedicine
• Technological architecture
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• Technological architecture
Component of Repositories: They store the knowledge that
has been mined by a middleware of mining of knowledge; itis an extract of knowledge from following layer to facilitatethe work to the technological agent, it stores the
experience in the knowledge exchange between theprimary nodes and the specialized nodes.
Component of sources: This component refers to all thesources explicit and potentials that generate knowledge,among other are (Databases, documental Databases,Database of means, external sources, etc.), (See Figure 7).
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Figure 7. Structures. of the Architecture Technological. Source: Own elaboration
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• Summations
The management system knowledge can be used tostrengthen the simple systems of information in the diverseareas of their applications. It has intended in this document
an example of it, when formulating a model of managementknowledge for a teleconsulting system in telemedicinewhere they combine the theories, models and architectures
of management knowledge especially with a computercase, generating some principles, an organizationalstructure and an architecture technological matter.
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• Summations
Besides this, we can assert that the proposed pattern of aknowledge management model for the implementation ofthe teleconsulting in telemedicine, it will serve like
conceptual guide for works that require to develop and toimplement systems of information in telemedicine andsystems of knowledge management in telemedicine. Inorder to make a decision for teleconsulting in Colombia, itis possible to analize the model in irder to connectingManagement Systems in Bogotá and Cauca Solutions forgiving services between Bogotá, and other rural places
this is the next research.
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TELEMEDICINE GROUP
DISTRITAL UNIVERSITY
BOGOTA COLOMBIA