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XV CONVEGNO EUROPEO

Milano 7 & 8 of June 2013

Gérald CAVALIER

F-Gases in refrigerated transports :

rationale and perspectives

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ІContent

• Refrigerated transport fleets– In the world, in Europe– Regulations and context

• Refrigerated transport equipment– Typology of refrigeration units– F-gases use in transport refrigeration

• Challenges for transport refrigeration– Available technologies– Agenda

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TRANSPORT REFRIGERATION

FLEETS

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ІRefrigerated transport in the world• In the world

– 4 million terrestrial equipment (RTOC 2010)

– 500 000 reefer marine containers (RTOC 2010)

– 1 equipment for 1750 inhabitants

• In Europe– 1,1 terrestrial equipment in U.E.– 1 equipment for 450 inhabitants

• In China– 100 000 equipment– 1 equipment for 13 000 inhabitants

• In India– 6 000 equipment (NCCD 2012)

– 1 equipment for 200 000 inhabitants

In a few words

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ІRefrigerated transport in the world

• Mature markets in developped countries– Renewal of the fleet

• 10 to 12% per year

– Evolution of pratices • Urban delivery• Massification• New products : health,…

• Exploding markets in developping countries– Cold chain development – Transport companies equipment– growth of the fleet

Tendancies

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ІRefrigerated transport in Europe

• ATP for international transport– Minimum performances for

insulation– Minimum refrigeration capacity

• F-Gas– Not in application for transport– In project for the revision

• Should apply in 2014• For all equipment or only the

autonomous ?

• Environmental impact– Ecodesign– Impact of transport– Carbon footprint

Context and regulations

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ІRefrigerated transport in France

• ATP mandatory for all equipment– For Perishables and Pharmaceuticals

• Except for less than 80km, vegetables…

– A total fleet of some 150 000 • Some 130 000 ATP equipment

• A centralised system : DATAFRIG®– All equipment inside : more than 300 000– Detailled and reliable information since

2005-• Insulated bodies, Refrigeration units• F-Gazes (name, load)

– More than 600 users

• F-Gaz extended to refrigerated transport– All equipment over 2kg of HFC

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TRANSPORT REFRIGERATION

EQUIPMENT AND F-GASES

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ІRefrigerated transport equipment

• Vans and car derivated vans– Inserted insulation– External body insulation– Less than 3,5 tons

• Trucks– Body works– Few internal insulation– 3,5 to 29 t

• Trailers and semi trailers– Semi trailers over 26 t– Trailers together with a truck

Refrigerated transport type

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ІRefrigerated transport equipment

• Refrigeration technologies– 96% of vapour compression

systems with air blowned evaporators

– 4 % of vapour compression systems with eutectic evaporators

– Few others : cryogenics…

• Autonomy regarding the vehicle– 55% non autonomous

• Mainly vans

– 45 % autonomous • Trucks trailers and semi trailers

Transport refrigeration units

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ІMarket analysis and segmentation

• Mono and multi-compartment equipment– Since 1994 multitemp units– Dedicated to distribution – Fixed or movable bulkheads

Refrigerated transport equipments produced

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ІTransport refrigeration solutionsTransport refrigeration units available on the market

refrigeration unit type name

refrigeration principle

refrigerantssecondary

fluidmain energy

source

additionnal energy source

(fans….)

standby option

Battery unitsvapor compression

systemHFC (R134a) no

electricity supply from the

vehicleno yes

Motor driven units mono-tempvapor compression

system

HFC (R134a, R404a, R410,

R407)no

pulley on the vehicle engine

electricity supply from the

vehicleyes

Diesel units mono-tempvapor compression

system

HFC (R134a, R404a, R410,

R407)no diesel engine no yes

Generator unit mono-tempvapor compression

system

HFC (R134a, R404a, R410,

R407)no

specific generator

mounted on the engine of the

vehicle

no yes

Eutectic units with plates or tubes mono-température

vapor compression system

HFC (R404a, R410, R407)

eutectic fluid in tube or pipes

electricity no N/A

Direct Cryogenics cryogenic effect liquid N2 no liquid N2 gas no

Indirect Cryogenics cryogenic effect liquid N2 or C02 no liquid N2 or C02 gas no

Dry ice cryogenic effect Solid C02 no Solid C02 battery for fans no

Eutectic plates eutetiadepending of the

cold room eutectic fluid in tube or pipes

electricity no no

Absorption or adsorption unitsadsorption ou

absorptionNH3, H2O, … no electricity no N/A

energy sourcesrefrigeration system

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ІF-Gaz in transport refrigeration

• Refrigerant fluids in Europe

– More than 95% of R404A– Some 4% R134a– Few others : R410a, …

• Eutectic solutions– Eutectic point at -35°C or at -26°C

Transport refrigeration units

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ІF-Gaz in transport refrigeration

• F-Gas loads in transport refrigeration units

– Average load : 3,86 kg/unit

– CO2 equivalent in transport equipment

• Average of 13,5 tons CO2 per equipment

• Total load for 1,1 million equipment– Some 4 246 t of HFCs among in UE

• more than 4 000 t of R404A

– Some 16 Millions of potential Tons equivalent CO2

Transport refrigeration units

average (kg) total load (kg) average (kg) total load (kg)Autonomous equipment 6,68 26 180 6,58 35 896 Motor driven equipment 1,62 9 317 1,63 11 154

year 2010 year 2011Average refrigerated load

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ALTERNATIVES FOR TRANSPORT

REFRIGERATION UNITS

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ІRefrigeration alternatives

• New fluids ?• CO2 ?

• Absorption ?• Cryogenics?

• Indirect refrigeration?

1953

2010

2010

2030197

0

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ІConclusion

• Refrigerated transport– The sector with the highest impact of

R404a ban with 95% of the load

• Solutions– Partial solutions ready :

• Cryogenic

– General solutions at medium term 2025• CO2, …

• Challenges– Built an agenda compatible with – Development of new reliable solutions

• And– Prevent the use of counterfeit refrigerants

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ІThank you for your attention !

Gérald CAVALIERPresident of Cemafroid group

Cemafroid5, avenue des prés

CS 2002994 266 Fresnes

www.cemafroid.frTel : 01 49 84 84 84

gerald.cavalier@cemafroid.fr